pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
7,944,654 | Does modulation of cellular proliferation alter glutamine transport and metabolism in human hepatoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors determined the effects of growth inhibition on glutamine transport and metabolism in human hepatoma cells.",
"Hepatoma cells exhibit markedly higher (10- to 30-fold) glutamine uptake than normal human hepatocytes, via a disparate transporter protein with a higher affinity for glut... | Hepatocellular transformation is characterized by a marked increase in glutamine transport and metabolism. Inhibition of cellular proliferation attenuates glutamine transport and metabolism, especially in fast-growing, relatively undifferentiated hepatoma cells. Because the uptake of other amino acids is similarly redu... | yes |
7,944,655 | Do long-term kidney isografts develop functional and morphologic changes that mimic those of chronic allograft rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined antigen-independent factors in the pathogenesis of chronic rejection of organ transplants.",
"In addition to alloantigen-dependent events, antigen-independent factors can influence chronic rejection of organ allografts. Initial injury, including early ischemia and acute re... | Antigen-independent functional and morphologic changes occur in long-term kidney isografts that resemble those appearing considerably earlier in allografts that reject chronically. Initial injury and extent of functioning renal mass may be important factors for such late changes. | yes |
7,921,934 | Does bacteriuria in patients with a continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion regularly require antibiotic treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate the importance of bacteriuria in patients with a continent urinary diversion.",
"Eighteen asymptomatic patients (16 women and two men, with a mean age of 53 years [range 22-73]) with ileal reservoirs coupled to the skin for urinary diversion were studied. Consecutive urine cultur... | The present results indicate that asymptomatic bacteriuria in patients with a continent ileal reservoir for urinary diversion is generally of no clinical importance and should not be treated with antibiotics. This conclusion is based on the observations that the bacterial strains growing in the reservoir changed sponta... | no |
7,943,117 | Is magnesium more efficacious than phenytoin in reducing N-methyl-D-aspartate seizures in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although magnesium sulfate is one of the most commonly used agents for seizure prophylaxis in preeclampsia, its efficacy relative to other anticonvulsants is incompletely investigated. The underlying mechanisms of eclamptic seizures are unknown, and there is currently no universally accepted anim... | These results suggest that magnesium sulfate is a significantly more effective prophylactic agent than phenytoin for N-methyl-D-aspartate-induced seizures. | yes |
7,943,112 | Is immunoreactive tumor necrosis factor-alpha elevated in maternal plasma but undetected in amniotic fluid in the second trimester? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the participation of the cellular arm of the immune system in adaptation to pregnancy by assessing plasma and amniotic fluid levels of the cytokine tumor necrosis factor-alpha.",
"Fifty-five healthy pregnant women who underwent second-trimester genetic amniocentesis at a mean ... | Levels of tumor necrosis factor-alpha were elevated in the plasma but not detected in the amniotic fluid of normal pregnant patients in the second trimester. These findings suggest involvement of the cellular branch of the immune system and its products, the cytokines, in the normal adaptation of the mother to the feta... | yes |
7,940,166 | Does starvation induce differential small bowel luminal amino acid transport? | {
"contexts": [
"The importance of small intestinal mucosa functions has been emphasized in recent years because gut metabolism becomes better defined. One of the major activities of the enterocyte is amino acid transport, which is important not only for the organism but also for the integrity of the mucosa. Bowe... | Differential changes occur in brush border amino acid transport during a 3-day period of bowel rest. The apparent gut nutritive transporters for Glutamine and arginine are decreased, although the gluconeogenic transporters for alanine, MeAIB, and leucine are maintained. These adaptive changes may help explain the diffi... | yes |
7,926,481 | Does monoclonal immunoglobulin A prevent adherence and invasion of polarized epithelial cell monolayers by Salmonella typhimurium? | {
"contexts": [
"Invasion of the intestinal epithelium is considered a critical step in Salmonella pathogenesis. Infection by Salmonella of cultured monolayers of polarized Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cells has been established as a simple in vitro system that mimics the invasion of intestinal enterocytes in... | IgA alone can prevent bacterial adherence and invasion of epithelial cells in the absence of other immune or nonimmune protective mechanisms. | yes |
7,922,338 | Does transient posterior localization of a kinesin fusion protein reflect anteroposterior polarity of the Drosophila oocyte? | {
"contexts": [
"During oogenesis in Drosophila, determinants that will dictate abdomen and germline formation are localized to the 'polar plasm' in the posterior of the oocyte. Assembly of the polar plasm involves the sequential localization of several messenger RNAs and proteins to the posterior of the oocyte, ... | Association with a plus-end-directed microtubule motor can promote posterior localization of a reporter protein during oogenesis. The genetic requirements for this localization and its sensitivity to colchicine, both of which are shared with the posterior transport of oskar mRNA and Staufen protein, suggest that simila... | yes |
7,926,485 | Does escherichia coli heat-stable enterotoxin-mediated colonic Cl- secretion is absent in cystic fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcium- and adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-mediated Cl- secretions in the human colon are abnormal in cystic fibrosis, but the effect of guanosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cGMP) is unknown. This study examined the effects of the cGMP activator Escherichia coli heat-stable enterot... | Human colonocytes secrete Cl- in response to STa and cGMP in normal subjects, but this response is absent in cystic fibrosis. | yes |
7,924,505 | Does active compression-decompression CPR improve vital organ perfusion in a dog model of ventricular fibrillation? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to assess whether a new method of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), termed active compression-decompression CPR, or ACD-CPR, improves organ perfusion when compared with standard (S) CPR in a dog model of ventricular fibrillation.",
"ACD-CPR has recently been shown t... | We conclude that ACD-CPR improves tissue perfusion and systemic hemodynamics compared with standard CPR. | yes |
7,943,075 | Is transvaginal ultrasonographic evaluation of the cervix before labor : presence of cervical wedging associated with shorter duration of induced labor? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to test the hypothesis that transvaginal ultrasonographically determined characteristics of the cervix are associated with duration of induced labor.",
"Fifty-three patients scheduled for induction of labor underwent transvaginal ultrasonography and digital cervical examinatio... | The presence of wedging and decreased cervical length observed by transvaginal ultrasonography is associated with a shorter duration of induced labor and may be useful in the evaluation of induction candidates. | yes |
7,943,078 | Are increased interleukin-6 concentrations in cervical secretions associated with preterm delivery? | {
"contexts": [
"This study sought to determine whether elevated concentrations of interleukin-6 in the cervical and vaginal secretions of patients between 24 and 36 weeks' gestation predicted subsequent preterm delivery and/or identified those preterm deliveries associated with maternal infectious morbidity.",
... | Cervical interleukin-6 is a relatively insensitive, although fairly specific discriminator of patients with subsequent preterm deliveries. Among patients delivered preterm, elevated cervical interleukin-6 values are not apparently associated with maternal infectious morbidity. | yes |
7,944,050 | Are low doses of interferon-alpha as effective as higher doses in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in chronic myeloid leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the toxicity and efficacy of low-dose interferon-alpha therapy in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia.",
"Phase II evaluation and comparison with historical control patients and other series in which the investigators used higher ... | Low-dose interferon-alpha is as effective as higher-dose interferon-alpha in inducing remissions and prolonging survival in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia but is considerably less expensive and toxic. | yes |
7,940,175 | Does insulin-like growth factor-I promote successful fetal pancreas transplantation in the intramuscular site? | {
"contexts": [
"Fetal pancreas (FP) has the capacity for exuberant proliferation and engrafts in the safe, accessible intramuscular site. These characteristics make FP transplantation an attractive approach to the treatment of diabetes mellitus. Insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) is an important mediator of gr... | These results show that local delivery of IGF-I has potent trophic effects on FP transplanted to the intramuscular site. | yes |
7,935,097 | Do psychiatric disorders in and service use by young homeless people? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine psychiatric morbidity, including substance use disorders, and service use in young people with experience of homelessness.",
"A cross-sectional study of 34 new residents in a supported accommodation program in Melbourne. Current and lifetime psychiatric diagnoses were made using th... | Young people with experience of homelessness have a high prevalence of depressive disorders and substance use disorders, particularly alcohol and cannabis dependence. Despite this they have a low rate of service use. These findings suggest a need for closer interaction between mental health professionals and other agen... | yes |
7,931,486 | Does soluble CD23 reliably reflect disease activity in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was initiated to evaluate whether soluble CD23 (sCD23) reflects disease activity and tumor load in B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) and to determine its prognostic potential for this disease.",
"The concentration of sCD23 was measured in the serum of 45 B-CLL patients, 5... | Our results indicate that sCD23 is a highly sensitive and specific parameter with prognostic potential for B-CLL, which may be used as a tumor marker and may help to assess disease activity. | yes |
7,938,859 | Is [ Thoracic epidural anesthesia by the caudal route in pediatric anesthesia : age a limiting factor ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the success and degree of difficulty of inserting an epidural catheter into the caudal space in order to place its distal end at T10 in young patients.",
"Forty-seven children up to 97 months old were studied. With the patients under general anesthesia with an orotracheal tube, a ... | It is not possible to guarantee the arrival of an 18-G epidural catheter to the thoracic epidural space by entering through the caudal route. In children over 1 year of age, the level of success decreases significantly. Easy advance of the catheter cannot be taken to be a sign of success. | yes |
7,923,006 | Are serum level of squamous cell carcinoma antigen and tumor size useful to identify preoperatively patients at high risk of cervical cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The benefit of postoperative adjuvant therapy for patients with cervical cancer is uncertain, and moreover, may increase morbidity. In this study, patient age, clinical stage of the cancer, tumor size, and levels of serum squamous cell carcinoma cell antigen and carcinoembryonic antigen were stud... | Serum squamous cell carcinoma antigen assays and clinical tumor size estimated by colposcopic examination are helpful in identifying patients who require postoperative adjunctive therapy. | yes |
7,936,854 | Is the rate of increase in blood pressure in children 5 years of age related to changes in aerobic fitness and body mass index? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether changes in aerobic fitness and body mass index are related to the age-related rise in blood pressure in healthy preschool children.",
"Longitudinal analyses of 196 free-living children aged 5 years at baseline who were followed over a mean of 19.7 months. Aerobic fitness ... | Young children who increase their aerobic fitness or decrease their body mass index reduce the rate of the age-related increase in blood pressure. These observations may have implications for development of interventions directed at the primary prevention of hypertension. | yes |
7,933,347 | Are tobacco industry campaign contributions affecting tobacco control policymaking in California? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that tobacco industry campaign contributions are influencing the behavior of members of the California legislature.",
"Multivariate simultaneous-equations regression was used to analyze data on campaign contributions from the tobacco industry to members of the Californi... | Tobacco industry campaign contributions influence California legislators in matters related to tobacco policymaking, independent of constituents' support for tobacco control. | yes |
7,949,074 | Does chloroquine enhance the activity of clarithromycin against multiplication of Mycobacterium avium within human macrophages? | {
"contexts": [
"Chloroquine, an alkalinizing lysosomotropic agent, enhances the intracellular activity of antibiotics against Mycobacterium tuberculosis or Coxiella burnetii.",
"To determine if chloroquine modifies the activity of clarithromycin, less effective at acidic pH, against intracellular Mycobacteri... | Chloroquine should not improve clarithromycin treatment against M. avium infection. | no |
7,930,204 | Is hyperoxic reperfusion required to reduce infarct size after intravenous therapy with perfluorochemical ( Fluosol-DA 20 % ) or its detergent component ( poloxamer 188 ) in a poorly collateralized animal model . Absence of a role of polymorphonuclear leukocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess whether hyperoxic reperfusion contributes to the efficacy of Fluosol 20% or poloxamer 188 for infarct size reduction and whether suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function is responsible for cardioprotection.",
"The perfluorochemical Fluosol and it... | Fluosol and poloxamer 188 reduce infarct size in rabbits subjected to hyperoxic reperfusion. Suppression of polymorphonuclear leukocyte function was not demonstrated, suggesting a greater role for increased arterial oxygen delivery in salvaging ischemic myocardium. | yes |
7,943,846 | Do volatile anesthetic agents inhibit choline uptake into rat synaptosomes? | {
"contexts": [
"Acetylcholine is an excitatory neurotransmitter associated with the maintenance of consciousness. Choline uptake is the rate-limiting step in acetylcholine synthesis and may be a target for the action of volatile anesthetic agents.",
"[Methyl-3H]choline uptake was investigated using rat corti... | Noncompetitive inhibition of [methyl-3H]choline uptake by volatile anesthetic agents has been demonstrated in the in vitro synaptosome preparation. If present in vivo reduction in anesthetic-sensitive choline uptake may reduce the presynaptic availability of acetylcholine and hence contribute to the process of anesthes... | yes |
7,949,474 | Are psoriasis and eczema mutually exclusive diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"Some reports have suggested that psoriasis and eczema are seldom found together. Knowledge of disease co-occurrence could lead to improved understanding of shared or opposing pathological mechanisms.",
"We sought to determine whether psoriasis and eczema could exist simultaneously and consecu... | Contrary to some hospital-based studies which have suggested that the two diseases are seldom found together, this study of a large and representative population suggests that eczema and psoriasis may co-occur concurrently and consecutively in the same individual. | no |
7,943,109 | Is ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix better than cervical digital examination as a predictor of the likelihood of premature delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic performance of ultrasonographic and digital examination of the cervix in the prediction of preterm delivery in patients presenting with preterm labor and intact membranes.",
"Endovaginal ultrasonography was performed in 59 patients admit... | Endovaginal ultrasonographic examination of the uterine cervix is more accurate than digital examination of the cervix in the assessment of the risk for preterm delivery in patients with preterm labor and intact membranes. | yes |
7,943,108 | Does amniotic fluid volume reflect recent glycemic status in gestational diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose was to determine the association between amniotic fluid volume and recent glucose status in gestational diabetes.",
"Serial amniotic fluid index values, mean blood glucose levels, and percent hyperglycemia (> or = 120 mg/dl) 1 day and 1 week before the ultrasonographic examination... | Amniotic fluid volume reflects recent glycemic status in gestational diabetes mellitus. | yes |
7,924,541 | Does nonpharmacologic therapy improve functional and emotional status in congestive heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the effects of a multimodal nonpharmacologic intervention to digoxin and to placebo in patients with congestive heart failure receiving background therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors.",
"Randomized, parallel assignment to three treatment groups of 20 patients with... | Nonpharmacologic therapy improved functional capacity, body weight, and mood state in patients with congestive heart failure. In contrast, digoxin improved ejection fraction without corresponding changes in exercise tolerance or quality of life. | yes |
7,930,031 | Does pEEP ventilation cause humorally mediated cardiac output depression in pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to see if humorally mediated negative inotropism contributes to the cardiac output (CO) depression seen during positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) ventilation.",
"8 pairs of piglets were used and a combined blood circulation was established between the two animals ... | As humorally mediated negative inotropism during PEEP ventilation has earlier been demonstrated in dogs, the results suggest that this mechanism might be species-dependent. | no |
7,930,554 | Do rat renal preglomerular vessels , glomeruli and papillae express detectable quantities of B-type natriuretic peptide receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) receptor subtypes were quantitated by radioligand studies in three different rat renal isolated tissues: preglomerular vessels, glomeruli and papillae.",
"In preglomerular vessels 100% of [125I]-ANF binding was displaced with high affinity by ANF. C-ANF (des-[G... | The present results suggest that ANP-B receptors either are absent or are present in undetectable amounts in rat renal preglomerular vessels, glomeruli and papillae. | no |
7,922,030 | Does crystal structure of Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase reveal dual lectin-like domains in addition to the catalytic domain? | {
"contexts": [
"Vibrio cholerae neuraminidase is part of a mucinase complex which may function in pathogenesis by degrading the mucin layer of the gastrointestinal tract. The neuraminidase, which has been the target of extensive inhibitor studies, plays a subtle role in the pathology of the bacterium, by process... | The environment of the small intestine requires V. cholerae to secrete several adhesins, and it is known that its neuraminidase can bind to cell surfaces, and remain active. The unexpected lectin-like domains possibly mediate this attachment. These bacterial lectin folds represent additional members of a growing lectin... | yes |
7,942,722 | Is constipation a risk factor for hemorrhoids : a case-control study of potential etiological agents? | {
"contexts": [
"Constipation is widely believed to cause hemorrhoids. However, recent evidence questions the importance of constipation in the development of this common disorder. In the present study, the association of hemorrhoids with constipation and other potential risk factors was examined.",
"The anal... | The results of this analysis suggest that diarrhea but not constipation may represent a risk factor for the development of hemorrhoids. | no |
7,939,983 | Does magnetic resonance imaging show gadolinium enhancement of intradural herniated disc? | {
"contexts": [
"A patient with a herniated intradural disc at L2-L3 and an extradural herniated disc at L5-S1 had homogeneous enhancement of the intradural disc on magnetic resonance imaging.",
"The only prior report of intradural disc enhancement with contrast on magnetic resonance imaging showed nonhomogen... | Enhancement likely depends on the age of the intradural disc herniation. | yes |
7,947,852 | Is sexual communication associated with condom use by sexually active incarcerated adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"Incarcerated adolescents are at increased risk for infection by sexually transmitted diseases (STDs), including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Moreover, condom use by this population is extremely low. Although interpersonal variables such as sexual communication have been found to be associa... | Interventions designed to increase condom use among sexually active incarcerated adolescents should include a component addressing sexual communication practices. More research is needed on the ways in which adolescents learn to communicate about sex. | yes |
7,942,682 | Do gastric emptying rates to liquid or solid meals appear to be unaffected by spinal cord injury? | {
"contexts": [
"There is controversy with regard to the effect of spinal cord injury (SCI) on gastric emptying times of liquids. The emptying rates of solids in subjects with SCI have not yet been addressed. Thus, the gastric emptying rates for both liquids and solids were studied by radionuclide imaging in subj... | Our findings do not support the previously reported results of a delay in gastric emptying for liquids in subjects with SCI. We have extended our findings of essentially normal rates of gastric emptying of liquids to that of solids. | yes |
7,940,661 | Are hematopoietic progenitor cells resistant to dimethyl sulfoxide toxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"A direct chemical toxicity of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) to hematopoietic progenitor cells has been suggested. However, a recent study failed to corroborate these earlier findings. Thus, a series of experiments was undertaken to address this issue.",
"Bone marrow was collected from 18 donors a... | These results support and extend a previous study that bone marrow hematopoietic progenitor cells, including burst-forming units--erythroid, colony-forming units--granulocyte/macrophage, and colony-forming units--granulocyte/erythrocyte/macrophage/megakaryocyte are resistant to any toxic effects of 8- to 10-percent (vo... | yes |
7,926,243 | Does danazol influence gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamic level? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of danazol on gonadotropin secretion.",
"Ten endometriotic patients were treated with danazol for 6 months. To evaluate gonadotropin and estradiol secretion, a gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) test and a clomiphene citrate (CC) chal... | Our results suggest that danazol exerts a suppressive effect on gonadotropin secretion acting at the hypothalamic level. | yes |
7,946,366 | Does bair hugger forced-air warming maintain normothermia more effectively than thermo-lite insulation? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the ability of forced-air warming and reflective insulation to maintain intraoperative normothermia.",
"Prospective, randomized clinical trial.",
"Operating rooms of a general hospital.",
"20 ASA physical status I and II patients undergoing elective total hip arthroplasty."... | Reflective insulation was unable to maintain intraoperative normothermia during total hip arthroplasty. Active warming, such as that provided by forced air, was required to prevent hypothermia. | yes |
7,923,679 | Is platelet-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation modulated by the growth amplification factors serotonin and adenosine diphosphate? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelet-mediated mechanisms have been implicated in intimal lesion formation following vascular injury. Although the participation of peptide growth factors has been suspected in this process, little has been known about the possible mitogenic role of other platelet factors that are released at ... | Therefore, serotonin and ADP contribute significantly, in synergy with peptide growth factors, to the platelet-induced SMC proliferative response. We propose that in vivo serotonin and ADP act as amplification factors for SMC proliferation at sites of vascular injury. | yes |
7,944,879 | Does allelic variation in the D4 dopamine receptor ( DRD4 ) gene predict response to clozapine? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that interindividual differences in response to clozapine therapy might be attributable to the D4 dopamine receptor (DRD4) alleles they carry. Different alleles of the D4 dopamine receptor, coded by the DRD4 gene, differ in the affinity with which they bind the atypical ant... | DRD4 alleles do not predict therapeutic response to clozapine in schizophrenic and schizoaffective patients. There are implications from these data for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia and the mechanism of clozapine's therapeutic effect are discussed. | no |
7,926,886 | Do prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor and lysyl hydroxylase inhibitor inhibit spreading of corneal epithelium? | {
"contexts": [
"The spreading of epithelium is critical in the healing of corneal wounds. Such epithelial spreading requires the continuous production of protein and glycoprotein. To determine whether collagen production is required for the spreading of corneal epithelium, we studied the effects of inhibitors fo... | These observations indicate that collagen production may be involved in the spreading of corneal epithelium. | yes |
7,926,505 | Is the hepatocellular uptake of free fatty acids selectively preserved during starvation? | {
"contexts": [
"The liver loses protein during fasting. This study sought to determine if hepatic protein loss during fasting selectively preserves functions important to survival such as uptake of fatty acids, which are major energy substrates in that condition.",
"Initial [3H]oleate uptake and efflux rates... | During fasting, the hepatocellular uptake mechanism for oleate is selectively preserved compared with those for sulfobromophthalein, taurocholate, or glucose. | yes |
7,926,502 | Does prostaglandin E2 enhance gastric defense mechanisms against acid injury in uremic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Uremia increases gastric mucosal H+ permeability and acid back-diffusion-related injury in rats. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of the synthetic gastroprotective compound 16,16-dimethyl prostaglandin E2 (16,16-dm PGE2) on the gastric barrier to acid injury in uremic rats.",
"... | 16,16-dm PGE2 attenuated H+ back-diffusion injury in uremic rats. This effect was associated with blunting of the initial decrease of intracellular pH and enhanced surface cell intracellular pH homeostasis during acid exposure. These effects were associated with an increased mucous gel layer thickness and an acid-relat... | yes |
7,926,503 | Does hyperglycemia induce abnormalities of gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with type I diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"Blood glucose concentration has been shown to be an important factor in gastric motility. However, the effect of hyperglycemia on gastric myoelectrical activity has not yet been studied in patients with diabetes.",
"Surface electrogastrography was performed in eight patients with type I diabe... | This study has shown that hyperglycemia is an important factor in the generation of gastric myoelectrical disturbances and tachygastrias in particular. | yes |
7,926,500 | Is biosynthesis of human colonic mucin : Muc2 the prominent secretory mucin? | {
"contexts": [
"Human colonic epithelium produces large amounts of mucin. The aim of this study was to examine mucin biosynthesis in the human colon.",
"Human colonic mucin was isolated using CsCl density gradients, and polyclonal antiserum was raised. Biosynthesis of colonic mucins was studied by labeling c... | These results show the biosynthesis of a secretory colonic mucin for the first time. This mucin is synthesized as a precursor protein of approximately 600 kilodaltons, which, after glycosylation, is secreted as a glycoprotein with an apparent molecular weight of 550 kilodaltons on SDS-PAGE. It is very likely that this ... | yes |
7,930,229 | Does effect of L-arginine on acetylcholine-induced endothelium-dependent vasodilation differ between the coronary and forearm vasculatures in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal of this study was to determine whether the effect of L-arginine on endothelium-dependent vasodilation evoked with acetylcholine differs between the coronary and forearm vasculatures in humans.",
"Administration of L-arginine, a substrate in the production of endothelium-derived nitri... | The effect of L-arginine on acetylcholine-induced vasodilation differs between the coronary and forearm vasculatures in humans. It is suggested that impaired acetylcholine-induced coronary and forearm vasodilation in patients with coronary artery disease and hypertension may not be related to a limited availability of ... | yes |
7,942,730 | Do methionine-enkephalin concentrations correlate with stage of disease but not pruritus in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Opiate antagonist agents ameliorate pruritus in some patients with cholestatic liver disease, suggesting that endogenous opioids may mediate pruritus in cholestasis. However, the endogenous opioids potentially responsible for pruritus remain unknown. Methionine-enkephalin is an endogenous opioid ... | Increased serum methionine-enkephalin concentrations in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis were not associated with pruritus. | yes |
7,924,776 | Does hypoglycemia increase muscle sympathetic nerve activity in IDDM and control subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"The relationship between the increase in adrenomedullary catecholamine secretion and the sympathetic response to hypoglycemia is not well understood in humans. To explore this relationship more closely, we directly muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in control subjects and in insulin-depend... | These results demonstrate that insulin-induced hypoglycemia increases muscle sympathetic neural outflow in IDDM and control subjects. The lack of correlation between the MSNA and epinephrine responses to hypoglycemia indicates that the adrenomedullary and peripheral sympathetic responses to hypoglycemia are independent... | yes |
7,924,775 | Does chicken and fish diet reduce glomerular hyperfiltration in IDDM patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the effect of a normal protein diet (test diet) in which chicken and fish were substituted for red meat with a low-protein diet (LPD) on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in normoalbuminuric insulin-dependent-diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients.",
"A crossover randomized clinical tria... | A normoproteic diet with chicken and fish as the only meat protein source decreases the GFR in the hyperfiltering normoalbuminuric IDDM patients. The GFR reduction after this diet is similar to that observed after an LPD. | yes |
16,856,816 | Does accuracy and influence of ascorbic acid on glucose-test with urine dip stick in prenatal care? | {
"contexts": [
"In Germany, urine analysis with dip sticks are used for screening of gestational diabetes. Our goal was to find the cut-off levels of glucose dip sticks and evaluate the influence of ascorbic acid on the result.",
"We took urine samples of 152 pregnant patients between 01/2004 and 10/2004. Th... | High ascorbic acid concentrations cause a reduction in the color reaction of urine dip sticks. False-negative test stick measurements can appear in patients with low glycosuria. The rate of glycosuria shows high individual differences and dependent on the concentration of vitamin C. We conclude that dip sticks are not ... | yes |
16,867,043 | Are iL-10 promoter and IL4-Ralpha gene SNPs associated with immediate beta-lactam allergy in atopic women? | {
"contexts": [
"Allergic reactions to beta-lactam antibiotics represent the most frequent cause of immunological drug reactions.",
"This study evaluates the involvement of genetic susceptibility factors in patients with immediate allergic reactions to beta-lactams. We examined 15 single nucleotide polymorphi... | Our findings suggest that polymorphisms in the IL-10 promoter and IL-4Ralpha genes are genetic factors that favour beta-lactam immediate allergies in female patients with atopy. | yes |
16,870,717 | Is cellular immune reaction in the pancreas induced by constitutively active IkappaB kinase-2? | {
"contexts": [
"Activation of the nuclear factor kappaB (NF-kappaB) system is a major event in acute and chronic inflammatory processes. NF-kappaB cascades are comprised of IkappaB kinases, IkappaBs and NF-kappaB dimers. Little is known of the individual roles of these proteins in organ specific inflammation. Th... | Our observations suggest that the role of IKK2 activation in pancreatic acini is to induce leucocyte infiltration, but at a moderate level of activation it is not sufficient to induce pancreatic damage in mice. The IKK2(CA) induced infiltrations resemble those observed in autoimmune pancreatitis, indicating a role for ... | yes |
16,868,756 | Does seroprevalence and correlate of herpes simplex virus type-2 infection in a general gynecology clinic? | {
"contexts": [
"Up to two-thirds of individuals acquire herpes asymptomatically and most infected persons shed the virus during latency periods. Genital infection is frequently associated with the presence of other sexually transmitted diseases. The objective of this paper was to assess the seroprevalence of HSV... | The high HSV-2 seroprevalence in this low risk population may indicate a high risk for future acquisition of HIV in this population. Cervical erosion and hypertrophy as a possible clinical marker for HSV-2 has low positive predictive value and cannot be recommended as a possible diagnostic tool to screen for HSV-2 in r... | yes |
16,867,257 | Do antagonist peptides of human interferon-alpha2b isolated from phage display library inhibit interferon induced antiviral activity? | {
"contexts": [
"To screen human interferon (IFN)-alpha2b antagonist peptides from a phage displayed heptapeptide library.",
"WISH cells and polyclonal anti-IFN-alpha2b antibodies were used to select IFN receptor-binding peptides from a phage displayed heptapeptide library. The specific binding of phage clone... | Both IFN-alpha2b antagonist peptides, SP-7 and FY-7, were able to inhibit the IFN-induced antiviral activity, and could be helpful in laying the foundation for the molecular mechanism of the interaction between IFN and its receptor. | yes |
16,873,436 | Is weekly docetaxel and capecitabine effective in the treatment of advanced gastric cancer : a phase II study? | {
"contexts": [
"Capecitabine and docetaxel have demonstrated preclinical antitumor synergy and activity in advanced gastric cancer. We assessed the clinical activity and the toxicity of weekly docetaxel in combination with capecitabine in untreated patients with advanced gastric cancer.",
"A total of 38 pati... | The combination of docetaxel and capecitabine at the doses and schedule investigated in this study is safe, but does not show significant activity in untreated patients with advanced gastric cancer. | no |
16,856,822 | Is pleural fluid/serum immunoglobulin ratio a diagnostic marker for congenital chylothorax in utero? | {
"contexts": [
"To distinguish congenital chylothorax from other causes of hydrothorax in utero.",
"Serum and pleural fluid samples from 8 fetuses with congenital chylothorax and 5 control fetuses with other causes of hydrothorax were tested for total protein, albumin, IgG, IgA, and IgM.",
"Fetuses with ... | Pleural fluid/serum IgG ratio may be a diagnostic marker for congenital chylothorax in utero. | yes |
16,860,797 | Is ethnic distribution of estrogen receptor-alpha polymorphism associated with a higher prevalence of uterine leiomyomas in black Americans? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether polymorphisms in the estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) gene are associated with an increased risk of uterine leiomyomas (ULMs).",
"Genomic DNA was isolated from normal myometrium samples collected at the time of the hysterectomy.",
"Volunteers in an academic researc... | The ERalpha PP genotype is a genetic risk factor for ULM development among surgically treated women. The higher prevalence of this genotype in blacks might explain the increased occurrence of this tumor among black women. | yes |
16,860,619 | Is the positive effect of dietary vitamin D intake on bone mineral density in men modulated by the polyadenosine repeat polymorphism of the vitamin D receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"Few studies have considered the dietary influence of vitamin D intake on bone mineral density (BMD). Numerous studies have examined the association between VDR polymorphism and BMD, but no previous study has examined the joint influence of dietary vitamin D intake and VDR polymorphism on BMD.",
... | Our results indicate that the extent of positive association between dietary vitamin D intake and BMD in men is dependent on VDR polymorphism, a novel conceivable important gene-environmental interaction. | yes |
16,857,053 | Does a powerful method for detecting differentially expressed genes from GeneChip arrays that require replicates? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies of differential expression that use Affymetrix GeneChip arrays are often carried out with a limited number of replicates. Reasons for this include financial considerations and limits on the available amount of RNA for sample preparation. In addition, failed hybridizations are not uncommon... | The method presented is a powerful tool for extracting information on differential expression from GeneChip expression studies with limited or no replicates. | no |
16,861,013 | Does osteoporosis increase the severity of cartilage damage in an experimental model of osteoarthritis in rabbits? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of osteoporosis (OP) in cartilage damage developed in an experimental model of osteoarthritis (OA) in mature female rabbits in order to investigate the relationship between OP and OA.",
"OA was experimentally induced by anterior cruciate section and partial medial menis... | Prior induction of OP increases the severity of cartilage damage in experimental OA. Increase in cartilage damage correlates with bone loss. These findings suggest a direct relationship between OP and OA. | yes |
16,859,690 | Does emotionally expressive coping reduce pregnancy rates in patients undergoing in vitro fertilization? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of coping and of infertility-specific and nonspecific stress on pregnancy outcomes after IVF treatment.",
"Cross-sectional design controlling for potential confounding variables. Psychosocial measures were assessed on the day of embryo transfer.",
"Fertility clinic ... | The link between psychological processes and reproductive outcomes of IVF treatment is less likely to be identified through the assessment of stress but rather is likely to be identified through the assessment of the strategies that people use to deal with stress. Emotionally expressive coping may be a risk factor for ... | yes |
16,849,408 | Does increase in incidence of hyperthyroidism predominantly occur in young people after iodine fortification of salt in Denmark? | {
"contexts": [
"To prevent goiter and nodular hyperthyroidism, iodine fortification (IF) of salt was introduced in Denmark in 1998. We prospectively registered all new cases of overt hyperthyroidism in two areas of Denmark before and for the first 6 yr after iodine fortification.",
"We used a computer-based ... | Even a cautious iodization of salt results in an increase in the incidence rate of hyperthyroidism. Contrary to current concepts, many of the new cases were observed in young subjects, and are presumably of autoimmune origin. Furthermore, monitoring is expected to show a decrease in the number of elderly subjects suffe... | yes |
16,868,807 | Is the canine copper toxicosis gene MURR1 implicated in the pathogenesis of Wilson disease? | {
"contexts": [
"It has recently been demonstrated that the Wilson disease (WD) protein directly interacts with the human homolog of the MURR1 protein in vitro and in vivo, and that this interaction is specific for the copper transporter. The aim of the present study was to clarify the role of MURR1 in the pathog... | These data suggest that the MURR1 gene and its protein product are unlikely to play a primary role in the pathogenesis of Wilson disease. More extensive studies with larger numbers of clinically homogeneous patients should be carried out to establish whether nucleotide alterations in the MURR1 gene may have a role in c... | no |
16,868,984 | Are bone marrow endothelial progenitors defective in systemic sclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular abnormalities represent the main component of the pathobiology of systemic sclerosis (SSc), progressing from structural derangements of the microcirculation with abortive neoangiogenesis to final vessel loss. Since circulating endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are important in the vasc... | This study provides the first demonstration that in SSc, there is a complex impairment in the BM microenvironment involving both the endothelial and mesenchymal stem cell compartments and that this impairment might play a role in defective vasculogenesis in scleroderma. | yes |
16,879,471 | Does trendelenburg positioning prevent a decrease in cardiac output after induction of anaesthesia with propofol in children? | {
"contexts": [
"Induction of anaesthesia may cause decreased cardiac output and blood pressure. Head-down tilt is often the first clinical step to treat hypotension. The objective of this randomized single centre study was to determine, with the use of impedance cardiography (ICG), whether Trendelenburg position... | The present study shows that cardiac performance is not improved by Trendelenburg positioning after propofol/fentanyl induction of anaesthesia in children. | no |
16,856,933 | Does interleukin-5 influence differential transcription of transmembrane and soluble isoforms of IL-5R alpha in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Interleukin-5 (IL-5) promotes signal transduction and expansion of eosinophil colonies in bone marrow via interactions with its heterodimeric receptor (IL-5R). Two variants encoding soluble forms of the alpha subunit (sIL-5R alpha) have been described, although the signals promoting and/or limiti... | We find that IL-5 is not necessary for differential splicing to occur in vivo, as all three forms of the IL-5R alpha are detected in both strains of IL-5 gene-deleted mice, with ratios of transcript expression (transmembrane : soluble 1 : soluble 2) that were indistinguishable from their wild-type counterparts. Differe... | no |
16,872,313 | Is oral peppermint oil a useful antispasmodic for double-contrast barium meal examination? | {
"contexts": [
"Intraluminally administered peppermint oil (PO) is reportedly a safe and useful antispasmodic for gastroscopy, colonoscopy and double-contrast barium enema. The aim of this study was to examine the efficacy of oral PO for double-contrast barium meal examination (DCBM) without other antispasmodics... | Oral PO is a safe, easy to use and effective antispasmodic for DCBM. | yes |
16,865,508 | Is subcarinal node the significant node that affects survival in resected small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Our aim was to clarify the significance of surgery and the prognostic factors in patients with small cell lung cancer (SCLC).",
"A retrospective review of 50 patients with limited SCLC who underwent a pulmonary resection and mediastinal nodal dissection during the 10-year period from 1988 to ... | Involvement in the subcarinal node might be a prognostic factor for SCLC. | yes |
16,864,713 | Does a single nucleotide polymorphism in the CCL1 gene predict acute exacerbations in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute exacerbations (AEs) in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in COPD.",
"The marked heterogeneity in the host defense mechanisms may be attributed to single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the inflammatory chemokines that show enhan... | Variants in the CCL1 gene are associated with susceptibility to AEs through their potential implication in the host defense mechanisms against AEs. | yes |
16,850,076 | Does a systematic review of diagnostic utility of selective nerve root block? | {
"contexts": [
"Transforaminal epidural injections, or selective nerve root blocks, are used for a myriad of different spinal disorders. A clear consensus on the use of selective nerve root injections as a diagnostic tool does not currently exist. Additionally, the effectiveness of this procedure as a diagnostic... | Selective nerve root injections may be helpful as a diagnostic addition in evaluating spinal disorders with radicular features, but the role of this diagnostic test needs to be further clarified by additional research and consensus on technique. | yes |
16,874,687 | Does fluvastatin prevent oxidized low-density lipoprotein-induced injury of renal tubular epithelial cells by inhibiting the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt-signaling pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"Lipid abnormalities may play a role in the progression of nephrosis. Recent studies have demonstrated that oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) appears to be a detrimental factor for the glomerular mesangium and podocytes. The aim of the present study is to identify the potential effects of o... | These results demonstrate that the PI3K/Akt-signaling transduction system is activated by oxLDL, and may mediate the cell hypertrophy and up-regulation of TGF-beta beta 1 expression from TECs. Fluvastatin may inhibit the activity of PI3K/Akt and prevent injury to TECs from oxLDL. | yes |
16,865,101 | Does preproghrelin Leu72Met variant contribute to overweight in middle-aged men of a Japanese large cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether Leu72Met polymorphism of the preproghrelin gene is associated with overweight/obesity in middle-aged and older Japanese.",
"Cross-sectional analysis.",
"A total of 2238 community-dwelling middle-aged and older Japanese people (age: 40-79 years) who participated in t... | These results suggest that the 72Met allele of the preproghrelin gene is a contributing factor for midlife weight change in men. | yes |
16,863,914 | Is class II transactivator-mediated regulation of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen expression important for hematopoietic progenitor cell suppression by chemokines and iron-binding proteins? | {
"contexts": [
"Iron-binding proteins H-ferritin (HF) and lactoferrin (LF), as well as chemokines, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, and interferon (IFN)-gamma suppress hematopoietic progenitor cell (HPC) proliferation. Major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II antigens have been associated with suppressi... | Myelosuppressive effects of iron-binding proteins HF and LF and chemokines CCL3, CXCL5, and CXCL8 on mouse bone marrow HPC require expression of MHC class II antigens, and CIITA is involved in this responsiveness through its regulation of expression of MHC class II antigens. | yes |
16,863,911 | Does the CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100 release a subset of G-CSF-primed peripheral blood progenitor cells with specific gene expression characteristics? | {
"contexts": [
"AMD3100 is a new CXCR4 antagonist that induces a rapid release of hematopoietic progenitors from the bone marrow to the peripheral blood. We conducted a clinical study where patients with multiple myeloma and non-Hodgkin's lymphoma were treated with AMD3100 (A) to increase the number of periphera... | We conclude that A+G-mobilized CD34+ PBPCs express significantly higher amounts of genes that potentially promote superior engraftment after myeloablative therapy than G-mobilized CD34+ PBPCs. | yes |
16,877,971 | Does inhibition of mTOR reduce chronic pressure-overload cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Inhibition of established left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and fibrosis may bring clinical benefits by reducing cardiac morbidity and mortality. The mammalian target of rapamycin, mTOR, is known to play a critical role in determining cell and organ size. We investigated whether mTOR inhibition ... | Despite sustained pressure overload, inhibition of mTOR by a 4-week period of Rapamune treatment attenuates chronically established LVH and cardiac fibrosis with preserved contractile function. | yes |
16,875,850 | Is duplex ultrasound scanning reliable in the detection of endoleak following endovascular aneurysm repair? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the value of duplex ultrasound scanning (DUSS) in the routine follow up of patients following EVAR.",
"Imaging was reviewed for 310 consecutive patients undergoing EVAR at a single centre. Concurrent ultrasound and CT scans were defined as having occurred within 6 months of eac... | Although DUSS is not as sensitive as CT scanning in the detection of endoleak, no leaks requiring intervention were missed on DUSS in this study. DUSS is much cheaper than CT and avoids high doses of radiation. DUSS therefore remains a valuable method of follow up after EVAR and can reduce the need for repeated CT scan... | yes |
16,864,609 | Is adiponectin an independent predictor of all-cause mortality , cardiac mortality , and myocardial infarction in patients presenting with chest pain? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prognostic value of baseline plasma adiponectin levels in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease referred for coronary angiography.",
"Adiponectin was measured in 325 male patients with stable angina, troponin-negative unstable angina, and non-ST-segment ele... | In a cohort of male patients undergoing coronary angiography, a single baseline determination of plasma adiponectin is independently predictive of the subsequent risk of death and MI. | yes |
16,859,993 | Are treatments with losartan or enalapril equally sensitive to deterioration in renal function from cyclooxygenase inhibition? | {
"contexts": [
"The beneficial effects of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-inhibitors are in part mediated through the inhibition of the degradation of the vasodilator bradykinin. The bradykinin effect is counteracted by cyclooxygenase-inhibitors. Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) do not affect bradykinin.... | The negative renal effects of diclofenac administration in subjects with activation of the renin-angiotensin system and enalapril treatment are the same in subjects with activation of the renin-angiotensin system and losartan treatment. | yes |
16,877,827 | Is factor V Leiden commonly associated with idiopathic portal vein thrombosis in southern India? | {
"contexts": [
"Factor V Leiden has been reported in 2%-30% of patients with portal vein thrombosis. This wide variation makes it difficult to assess the importance of factor V Leiden as a predisposing factor.",
"Factor V Leiden was determined by restriction fragment length polymorphism in 112 patients with ... | Factor V Leiden contributes little, if at all, to the development of portal vein thrombosis in southern India. | no |
16,877,415 | Does lens-specific expression of TGF-beta induce anterior subcapsular cataract formation in the absence of Smad3? | {
"contexts": [
"Smad3, a mediator of TGF-beta signaling has been shown to be involved in the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation (EMT) of lens epithelial cells in a lens injury model. In this study, the role of Smad3 in anterior subcapsular cataract (ASC) formation was investigated in a transgenic TGF-beta/... | Lens-specific expression of TGF-beta1 induced ASC formation in the absence of the Smad3 signaling mediator, suggests that alternative TGF-beta-signaling pathways participate in this ocular fibrotic model. | yes |
16,875,928 | Are racial differences seen in blood pressure response to fosinopril in hypertensive children? | {
"contexts": [
"Few antihypertensive therapies have been systematically studied in children and dosages for many agents are either extrapolated from adult studies or obtained from small homogenous pediatric populations. It is well established that adult patients of different races show disparate response to angi... | Fosinopril was effective in treating hypertension, but black children required a higher dose per body weight in order to achieve adequate control. This suggests that black children treated with fosinopril for hypertension on average require higher doses to achieve adequate systolic blood pressure control that non-black... | yes |
16,875,922 | Is low voltage on the electrocardiogram a marker of disease severity and a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with heart failure due to systolic dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"The prognostic implications of low QRS voltage on the electrocardiogram (ECG) in heart failure (HF) are not well characterized.",
"We manually measured and summed the QRS voltage in all 12 leads of the ECG (sumQRS) in two cohorts: (1) 415 patients with a low left ventricular ejection fraction... | Low ECG voltage is a marker of the severity of HF and is a risk factor for adverse outcomes in patients with systolic HF at 1 year. | yes |
16,867,250 | Does ginsenoside Rg1 inhibit proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells stimulated by tumor necrosis factor-alpha? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC) affected by ginsenoside Rg1 and further explore the molecular mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 using proteomics.",
"The proliferation of VSMC was measured by MTS assay kit and flow cytometry. Proteomic alterations were analyz... | PKC-zeta and p21 pathway might be the mechanism for inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on proliferation of VSMC. | yes |
16,864,992 | Does prolonged ovalbumin exposure attenuate airway hyperresponsiveness and T cell function in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Continuous exposure of sensitized mice to an innocuous antigen, such as OVA, does not lead to chronic airway eosinophilia, but induces antigen unresponsiveness and resolution of the inflammatory response. In this study we explored mechanisms underlying attenuation of the airway inflammatory respo... | Attenuation of airway eosinophilia in response to chronic OVA exposure is independent of genetic background. Airway eosinophilia, but not systemic responses, correlates with and is predictive for airway hyperresponsiveness. Our study contributes to the understanding of immune regulatory processes controlling antigen-dr... | yes |
16,848,811 | Does sensitivity and specificity of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin for diagnosis of patients with hepatocellular carcinomas vary according to tumor size? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum levels of des-gamma-carboxy prothrombin (DCP) and alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) are known to be useful tumor markers for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). The aim of this study was to examine the diagnostic efficacy of DCP and AFP in differentiating HCC from chronic liver diseases.... | The utility of DCP for the diagnosis of HCC was lower than that of AFP for small tumors, but higher than that of AFP for large tumors. | yes |
16,865,025 | Does nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of fall in Japan? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the nonlinear association of higher-level functional capacity with the incidence of falls.",
"We analyzed the cross-sectional data of Minamifurano-town Aging Study. Seven hundred forty-three noninstitutionalized older persons aged 65 yrs or older were mailed a self-administered que... | We have proposed the use of nonlinear model in estimating the incidence of falls with respect to the total score of the TMIG index of competence. The association of varying total score with the incidence of falls in women diverged from the linearity assumption. The gender-based difference in the association of higher-l... | yes |
16,854,420 | Is the number of Baby Friendly hospital practices experienced by mothers positively associated with breastfeeding : a questionnaire survey? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to examine the association between number of Baby Friendly hospital practices (based on World Health Organization/United Nations Children's Fund Ten Steps to successful breastfeeding) experienced by mothers and breastfeeding initiation during hospital stay, breastf... | This study found a dose-response relationship between number of 10-step practices experienced and breastfeeding. However, very few women in Taiwan reported experiencing all 10 steps. Our findings highlight the need for greater attention to implement the 10 steps. | yes |
16,868,062 | Is metabolic inflexibility in substrate use present in African-American but not Caucasian healthy , premenopausal , nondiabetic women? | {
"contexts": [
"There is an increased prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance in African-American compared with Caucasian females. Metabolic inflexibility (MI) is the inability to switch the use of lipids and carbohydrates in the peripheral tissue (i.e. muscle) based upon substrate availability.",
"We e... | The impaired substrate use observed in African-American women during these three studies demonstrates the existence of MI and may contribute to their greater prevalence of obesity and insulin resistance. | yes |
16,865,725 | Is clusterin essential for androgen-regulated involution and regeneration of the normal mouse prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"Inhibition of clusterin expression has been shown to enhance the sensitivity of prostate cancer cells to chemo and hormone therapy. Clusterin antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) are currently in phase II human clinical trials for treatment of hormone refractory prostate cancer. However, the role of... | Clusterin is not critical for normal prostate development or androgen-regulated involution and regrowth of the mouse prostate gland, suggesting that clusterin may have distinct functions in malignant versus normal prostatic epithelial cells. | no |
16,868,746 | Is dysregulation of muscle fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes independent of malonyl-CoA? | {
"contexts": [
"An elevated lipid content within skeletal muscle cells is associated with the development of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus. We hypothesised that in subjects with type 2 diabetes muscle malonyl-CoA (an inhibitor of fatty acid oxidation) would be elevated at baseline in comparison... | Contrary to our hypothesis, the dysregulation of muscle fatty acid metabolism in type 2 diabetes is independent of muscle malonyl-CoA. However, elevated fatty acid uptake in type 2 diabetes may be a key contributing factor to the increase in fatty acids being shunted towards storage within muscle. | yes |
16,868,748 | Does metformin influence cardiomyocyte cell death by pathways that are dependent and independent of caspase-3? | {
"contexts": [
"Metformin has been shown to increase fatty acid oxidation, an effect mediated by AMP activated protein kinase (AMPK). We hypothesised that metformin could prevent both caspase-3 activation and apoptosis when induced by palmitic acid.",
"Cardiomyocytes were incubated with 1 mmol/l palmitic aci... | Our study demonstrates that metformin reduces high-fat-induced cardiac cell death, probably through inhibition of ceramide synthesis. However, at high concentrations, metformin causes proton and lactate accumulation, leading to cell damage that is independent of caspase-3. | yes |
16,862,610 | Is proximal loop jejunostomy a useful adjunct in the management of multiple intestinal suture lines in the septic abdomen? | {
"contexts": [
"Bowel repair in the septic abdomen can be problematic. This study investigated the use of a proximal loop jejunostomy to protect injured or fistulated bowel that had been returned to the abdomen after repair and/or anastomosis.",
"Ten patients who underwent laparotomy for intra-abdominal seps... | Use of a loop jejunostomy to protect suture lines in the septic abdomen justifies consideration of this procedure in selected patients. | yes |
16,875,574 | Does [ Phenol butyrate inhibit cell cycle of leukemia cell lines through up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 gene ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate effects of histone deacetylase inhibitors on cell cycle of leukemia cell lines and investigate its molecular mechanisms.",
"Kasumi-1, U937 and NB4 cell lines were exposed to a histone deacetylase inhibitor, phenyl butyrate (PB), for 24, 48 and 72 hrs. Cells were harvested for cel... | PB could inhibit cell cycle of leukemia cell lines. The effects were mainly through up-regulation of p21WAF1/CIP1 expression. | yes |
16,867,248 | Is tRPC3 involved in flow- and bradykinin-induced vasodilation in rat small mesenteric arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the possible involvement of TRPC3 in agonist-induced relaxation and flow-induced vasodilation in rat small mesenteric arteries.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rats were used in the present study. After 72 h-treatment of antisense oligo via tail vein injection, isometric tension and isobaric d... | The results suggest that TRPC3 is involved in flow- and bradykinin-induced vasodilation in rat small mesenteric arteries probably by mediating the Ca(2+) influx into endothelial cells. | yes |
16,867,249 | Does addition of tanshinone IIA to UW solution decrease skeletal muscle ischemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether tanshinone IIA could improve the effect of UW solution for skeletal muscle preservation and to determine the dose range of tanshinone IIA providing optimal protection during ischemia and reperfusion.",
"Ischemic rat limbs were perfused with UW solution or UW plus tanshi... | UW plus tanshinone IIA increased protection against I/R injury, suggesting that tanshinone IIA has clinical value. | yes |
16,855,374 | Does dexamethasone protect against Cisplatin-induced activation of the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway in human osteosarcoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dexamethasone (Dx) is often used to alleviate the acute emetic toxicity associated with high dose cisplatin (cDDP) in osteosarcoma patients. However, in other tumour cell types, Dx has been reported to induce partial resistance to anticancer drugs.",
"We examined the effect of Dx on cDDP-indu... | These data indicate the need to carefully address the timing of glucocorticoid use in the clinical management of cancer patients. | yes |
16,874,204 | Is the scalp an advantageous donor site for thin-skin grafts : a report on 945 harvested samples? | {
"contexts": [
"Thin-skin grafts taken from the thigh or buttock take a long time to heal and leave permanent scars.",
"The authors conducted a retrospective study based on their experience with 945 thin-skin grafts (0.2 mm) taken from the scalps of 757 adult patients between January of 1999 and December of ... | The results of this study confirm the rapidity of scalp healing compared with other donor sites. Providing patients with clear, detailed explanations helps minimize the psychological impact of having their heads shaved, and a rigorous technique can contain the two major potential risks: hemorrhage and alopecia. The adu... | yes |
16,861,374 | Does dementia severity of the care receiver predict procoagulant response in Alzheimer caregivers? | {
"contexts": [
"The procoagulant factor D-dimer has been shown to be associated with thrombus formation and degradation as seen with conditions such as myocardial infarction and unstable angina. Research has demonstrated that spousal dementia caregivers have elevated levels of D-dimer relative to their non-careg... | Dementia severity of the care recipient was associated with increasing hypercoagulability among elderly caregivers. Effect size estimates suggest that such D-dimer increases may have clinical implications, particularly among late-stage caregivers. | yes |
16,876,512 | Does novel HSF4 mutation cause congenital total white cataract in a Chinese family? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify the disease-causing gene (mutation) in a Chinese family affected with autosomal dominant congenital total white cataract.",
"Observational case series.",
"Genotyping and linkage analyses were used to identify the linkage of the disease-causing gene in the Chinese family to the... | These results identified a novel missense mutation R74H in the transcription factor gene HSF4 in a Chinese cataract family and expand the spectrum of HSF4 mutations causing cataract. | yes |
16,869,864 | Does melanin differentially protect from the initiation and progression of threshold UV-induced erythema depending on UV waveband? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to determine the relationship between various measures of constitutive skin pigmentation and erythema caused by solar-simulated UV (ssUV), 290 and 310 nm UV.",
"Skin pigmentation was assessed clinically by skin typing as well as objectively by measurement of the melanin index... | Melanin situated near the basal epidermis may not protect from the initial development of threshold erythema caused by 290 nm UV because it penetrates poorly past the stratum corneum and is not well absorbed by melanin in vivo compared with 310 nm UV. Higher erythemal 290 nm UV doses may reach basal epidermal melanin, ... | yes |
16,855,858 | Does magnetic resonance quantitative myocardial perfusion reserve demonstrate improved myocardial blood flow after angiogenic implant therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study is to follow myocardial angiogenesis temporally using quantitative magnetic resonance first pass perfusion imaging and compare this with the \"gold standard\" of radioactive microspheres in a random subset of animals.",
"Ameriod constrictors were placed around the le... | Quantitative MR myocardial first pass perfusion imaging can be used to track the development of angiogenesis as corroborated by radioactive microspheres. Angiogenic implant therapy is a new device based therapy that has potential to protect an ischemic region by accelerating angiogenesis although further research is ne... | yes |
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