pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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16,863,744 | Do cardiac procedures in lung transplant recipients increase mortality in selected patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Associated comorbidities in potential lung transplant recipients may significantly impact operative morbidity and mortality. We undertook this review to specifically study whether patients who underwent associated cardiac procedures either before (as a prerequisite) or during their lung transplan... | Patients who are otherwise deemed to be good candidates for lung transplantation but are found to have an associated cardiac condition that could adversely affect their candidacy may still be considered for transplantation in selected cases if the cardiac abnormality can be addressed either before or during transplanta... | no |
16,864,672 | Does comparison of symptomatic and asymptomatic atherosclerotic carotid plaque feature with in vivo MR imaging? | {
"contexts": [
"To retrospectively determine if in vivo magnetic resonance (MR) imaging can simultaneously depict differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic carotid atherosclerotic plaque.",
"Institutional review board approval and informed consent were obtained for this HIPAA-compliant study. Twenty-t... | This study revealed significant differences between symptomatic and asymptomatic plaques in the same patient. | yes |
16,864,608 | Does prostacyclin improve transcoronary myocardial delivery of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Heart transplantation of adipose tissue-derived stromal cells (ADSCs) is under evaluation as a therapy for cardiac repair. Prostacyclin (PGI2), a vasodilator with additional effects on platelet aggregation and blood cell adhesion, exerts cardioprotection and might favour the myocardial delivery o... | PGI2 safely increases myocardial delivery of ADSCs, by mechanisms independent of its vasodilatory properties, with a potential for its use in cell therapy for cardiac repair. | yes |
16,858,546 | Does type of gastrointestinal reconstruction affect postoperative recovery after pancreatic head resection? | {
"contexts": [
"The postoperative recovery of gastric motility with various reconstructions after pancreatic head resection has been reported. However, little is known about this recovery after pancreatic head resection with segmental duodenectomy (PHRSD). Some have attributed gastric stasis after pylorus-preser... | Preservation of as long a portion of the duodenum as possible, the choice of a Roux-en-Y duodenojejunostomy, and the avoidance of peritoneal fixation of the gastric wall may be factors that improve the recovery of gastric motility and BW after pancreatic head resection. | yes |
16,863,842 | Does oxygen supplementation during airway instrumentation improve intestinal barrier dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"The study investigates the effect of airway instrumentation on the histopathology of the intestine, contribution of bacterial translocation, and whether oxygen supplementation may counteract the possible detrimental effects of this procedure.",
"Fifty-five Wistar rats were assigned to 3 group... | The study suggests that oxygen supplementation during airway instrumentation prevents hypoxemia, intestinal damage, and bacterial translocation. | yes |
16,863,846 | Does urinary trypsin inhibitor present in fetal urine prevent intraamniotic meconium-induced intestinal damage in gastroschisis? | {
"contexts": [
"Contact with amniotic fluid causes intestinal damage in gastroschisis, and intraamniotic meconium has been shown to be responsible. Meconium has been shown to contain a significant amount of IL-8, which may be the responsible cytokine for harmful effects of meconium. Neonatal urine contains high ... | Urinary trypsin inhibitor 100 U/mL prevented the intestinal damage via inhibiting IL-8, which is contained by 1:400 concentration of meconium. Therefore, besides the existence of threshold level of meconium, the existence of UTI, which is capable of inhibiting IL-8 contained by threshold level of meconium, may be a fac... | yes |
16,875,982 | Does activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase contribute to the early cardiodepressant action of tumor necrosis factor? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38-MAPK) contributes to tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFalpha)-induced contractile depression.",
"Tumor necrosis factor has both beneficial and detrimental consequences that may result from the activatio... | Tumor necrosis factor activates p38-MAPK in the intact heart and in isolated cardiac myocytes through MKK3. This activation likely contributes to the early cardiodepressant action of TNFalpha. | yes |
16,875,984 | Does cardiac-directed expression of adenylyl cyclase VI facilitate atrioventricular nodal conduction? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that cardiac-directed expression of adenylyl cyclase VI (AC(VI)) facilitates atrioventricular (AV) nodal conduction.",
"Cardiac-directed expression of AC(VI), unlike other strategies to increase cyclic adenosine monophosphate generation, re... | Cardiac-directed expression of AC(VI) facilitates AV nodal conduction without altering sinus node function. These results suggest the need to define a role for AC(VI) gene transfer in treating diseases of AV conduction. | yes |
16,854,384 | Does ethanol activate cAMP response element-mediated gene expression in select regions of the mouse brain? | {
"contexts": [
"The specific brain regions that contribute to behavioral changes produced by ethanol are not clearly understood. We know that cAMP-PKA signaling has been strongly implicated in the CNS effects of ethanol. Ethanol promotes activation and translocation of the PKA catalytic subunit (Calpha) into the... | these results confirm and extend current concepts that ethanol stimulates cAMP-PKA signaling in brain regions involved in CNS responses to ethanol. | yes |
16,857,448 | Do mast cells facilitate local VEGF release as an early event in the pathogenesis of postoperative peritoneal adhesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Peritoneal injury sustained at laparotomy may evoke local inflammatory responses that result in adhesion formation. Peritoneal mast cells are likely to initiate this process, whereas vascular permeability/endothelial growth factor (VEGF) may facilitate the degree to which subsequent adhesion form... | Mast cells and VEGF are central to the formation of postoperative intra-abdominal adhesions with mast cells being responsible, either directly or indirectly, for VEGF release into the peritoneal cavity after operation. In tandem with the recent clinical success of anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies in oncologic practice, ... | yes |
16,873,428 | Is low number of examined lymph nodes in node-negative breast cancer patients an adverse prognostic factor? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to determine whether the number of lymph nodes removed at axillary dissection is associated with recurrence and survival in node-negative breast cancer (NNBC) patients.",
"We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 1606 women with pathologically node-negative ... | Examination of fewer than six lymph nodes is an adverse prognostic factor in NNBC because it could lead to understaging. Six or more nodes need to be examined at axillary dissection to be confident of a node-negative status. This may be useful, in conjunction with other prognostic factors, in the assessment of NNBC pat... | yes |
16,859,502 | Does dehydroepiandrosterone administration modulate endothelial and neutrophil adhesion molecule expression in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The steroid hormone dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) exerts protecting effects in the treatment of traumatic and septic complications in several animal models. This effect goes along with reduced amounts of infiltrating immune cells in organs such as lung and liver. However, the underlying mechanism... | Thus, we conclude that one mechanism by which DHEA may exert its protection in animal models is via the differential regulation of adhesion molecule expression. | yes |
16,864,933 | Is serum level of uric acid , partly secreted from the failing heart , a prognostic marker in patients with congestive heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"A recent study suggested that xanthine oxidase is activated in congestive heart failure (CHF). However, whether uric acid (UA) is secreted from the failing heart remains unknown, so it is currently unclear whether serum UA can provide prognostic information independent of brain natriuretic peptid... | High plasma UA level, partly secreted from the failing heart, is a prognostic predictor independent of BNP in patients with CHF. Monitoring a combination of BNP and UA may be useful for the management of patients with CHF. | yes |
16,872,021 | Does the financial implications of fall in older people for an acute hospital? | {
"contexts": [
"Falls are a common occurrence in older people and frequently lead to hospital admission. There is a current lack of cohesive fall prevention strategies in the Republic of Ireland.",
"To demonstrate the cost of fall-related admissions to an acute hospital.",
"A review of Hospital Inpatient... | Fall-related admissions of olderpeople are a significant financial burden to the health service. | yes |
16,863,556 | Does coagulopathy fully protect hospitalized cirrhosis patients from peripheral venous thromboembolism? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite the endogenous coagulopathy of cirrhosis, some patients with cirrhosis experience thrombophilic states. This study aims to determine the incidence and predictors of venous thromboembolism (VTE), such as deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary embolism, in hospitalized patients with cirrh... | Approximately 0.5% of admissions involving cirrhosis patients resulted in a new thromboembolic event. Low serum albumin was strongly predictive of increased risk for developing VTE, independent of international normalized ratio or platelet count. Serum albumin deficiency may indicate low levels of endogenous anticoagul... | no |
16,869,454 | Is myocardial infarction associated with Spl binding site polymorphism of collagen type 1A1 gene? | {
"contexts": [
"Human atherosclerotic lesions contain collagen type I, which plays a pivotal role in atherosclerotic plaque stability. In contrast, the normal coronary arteries do not express this type of collagen. Data have shown that the collagen type 1A1 (COL1A1) gene Sp1 binding site (-1245 G/T) polymorphism... | Our results raise the possibility that COL1A1 gene Sp1 polymorphism might have an impact on the development of MI. | yes |
16,861,606 | Does low dairy intake in early childhood predict excess body fat gain? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate the effect of dairy intake in early childhood on the acquisition of body fat throughout childhood.",
"Ninety-nine of the original 106 families enrolled in the Framingham Children's Study with a child age to 6 years at baseline were followed into adolescence through yearly clinic v... | Suboptimal dairy intakes during preschool in this cohort were associated with greater gains in body fat throughout childhood. | yes |
16,861,605 | Does increased leptin expression in the dorsal vagal complex suppress adiposity without affecting energy intake and metabolic hormones? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased leptin transgene expression locally in hypothalamic sites suppresses weight and energy intake, enhances thermogenic energy expenditure, and differentially modulates metabolic hormones for an extended period. We evaluated whether a similar localized expression of leptin transgene in the ... | Increased leptin transgene expression in the DVC suppressed the time-related increase in body weight accompanied by a transient decrease in food intake at week 1 post-injection and little effect on thermogenic energy expenditure. That suppression of weight was due to decreased adiposity is shown by the markedly suppres... | yes |
16,868,689 | Do proliferating cell nuclear antigen ( PCNA ) overexpression and microvessel density predict survival in the urinary bladder carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To study proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) over expression and angiogenesis with their relationship to tumor parameters in squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder in patients who underwent radical cystectomy.",
"The mean age of the patients was 53.53 years (range; 29-70 years) ... | MVD, PCNA, DNA ploidy and stage are independent prognostic factors in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder. | yes |
16,860,456 | Do pLAC1 mRNA levels in maternal blood at induction of labor correlate negatively with induction-delivery interval? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was conducted to determine whether, in low risk women having labor induced using prostaglandin gel (dinoprostone gel), there is a relationship between the concentration of mRNA for the PLAC1 gene (a trophoblast-specific gene) in maternal blood and the time elapsed between the first gel... | In induced term pregnancies, PLAC1 mRNA in maternal blood at the beginning of the treatment correlates with the time elapsed before delivery. This evidence demonstrates that the fetomaternal trafficking of nucleic acids is more consistent when the labor is about to begin. | yes |
16,875,504 | Do inspiratory resistances facilitate the diaphragm response to transcranial stimulation in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Breathing in humans is dually controlled for metabolic (brainstem commands) and behavioral purposes (suprapontine commands) with reciprocal modulation through spinal integration. Whereas the ventilatory response to chemical stimuli arises from the brainstem, the compensation of mechanical loads i... | Inspiratory resistive breathing facilitates the diaphragm response to TMS while it does not increase the automatic drive to breathe. We interpret these findings as a neurophysiological substratum of the suprapontine nature of inspiratory load compensation in awake humans. | yes |
16,873,344 | Does oral sodium citrate increase nausea amongst elective Cesarean delivery patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Historically, aspiration of gastric contents with subsequent pneumonia was a major cause of anesthesia-related maternal mortality. Before elective Cesarean delivery, gastric fluid can be neutralized with histamine-2 blockers or with oral sodium citrate. Although sodium citrate is commonly used, m... | Nausea is more common during Cesarean delivery in women who receive oral sodium citrate rather than i.v. famotidine for aspiration prophylaxis. | yes |
16,874,159 | Is a functional polymorphism in the lymphotoxin-alpha gene associated with carotid artery wall thickness : the Diabetes Heart Study? | {
"contexts": [
"The lymphotoxin-alpha (LTA) gene has been implicated in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. We tested for an association between a functional polymorphism, LTA 252A/G, and common carotid artery intima-media thickness in 1088 siblings from 435 Diabetes Heart Study families.",
"Intima-media th... | The LTA 252A/G polymorphism is moderately associated with sub-clinical atherosclerosis. | yes |
16,870,101 | Are articular tissues expressing the env-pX transgene required for generation of arthritogenic T cells in human T cell leukemia virus type I transgenic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Human T cell leukemia virus type I env-pX transgenic rats (env-pX rats) were used to investigate the pathogenesis of arthritis.",
"Phenotype of cells infiltrated into arthritic joints in env-pX rats was analyzed using flow cytometry and cell-transfer experiments were done using env-pX and wil... | These findings suggest that articular tissues carrying the env-pX transgene are required for generation of arthritogenic T cells in env-pX rats. However, the constitutive antigens other than the transgene products are recognized as immunological targets by the arthritogenic T cells in the advanced arthritic joints. Mol... | yes |
16,866,778 | Do gABA-site antagonism and pentobarbital actions depend on the alpha-subunit type in the recombinant rat GABA receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"The roles of alpha-subunits on the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)-site antagonism and pentobarbital actions were examined in rat recombinant GABA(A) receptors in Xenopus oocytes.",
"Experiments were performed with binary and ternary GABA(A) receptors containing alpha1-, alpha4- or alpha5-subu... | The GABA-site antagonism does not depend on the subtype of alpha-subunits. Similarly, pentobarbital activates ternary receptors composed of different alpha-subunits in a bicuculline-sensitive manner. The potencies of bicuculline to inhibit pentobarbital-activated currents are identical with receptors containing alpha1,... | no |
16,870,631 | Does childhood socioeconomic status predict physical functioning a half century later? | {
"contexts": [
"Socioeconomic status (SES) affects health outcomes at all stages of life. Relating childhood socioeconomic environment to midlife functional status provides a life course perspective on childhood factors associated with poor and good health status later in life.",
"The British 1946 birth coho... | The social environment in which a child grows up has a strong association with midlife, objectively measured functional status, which is a reflection of the aging process and chronic diseases accumulated over the life course. Of particular interest is the role of higher maternal education in promoting high midlife func... | yes |
16,873,791 | Are normotensive women with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria at high risk for macrovascular disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The excess risk of macrovascular disease and death associated with diabetes seems higher in women than in men. The pathogenesis for this risk difference has not been fully elucidated. We investigated whether female sex was associated with macrovascular disease and death, independently of known ri... | In our study population of normotensive patients with type 2 diabetes and microalbuminuria, female sex was associated with increased risk of fatal and nonfatal cardiovascular disease, independent of the classical cardiovascular risk factors, the severity of nephropathy or presence of retinopathy, or health care utiliza... | yes |
16,872,971 | Does high-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air protect non-heart-beating donor rat lungs against warm ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Lungs from non-heart-beating donors for transplantation require protection against warm ischemic damage. Minimally invasive techniques are required to reduce organ damage during the warm ischemic period because invasive surgical procedures are often not feasible at this time. This study investiga... | High-flow endobronchial cooled humidified air can decrease lung temperature and improve post-ischemic pulmonary function and adenosine triphosphate levels in non-heart-beating donor lungs. | yes |
16,877,479 | Is efficacy of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice increased by the use of low-cost white reflecting curtains? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the addition of low-cost reflecting curtains to a standard phototherapy unit could increase effectiveness of phototherapy for neonatal jaundice.",
"Randomised controlled clinical trial.",
"Level-one nursery of the Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia, Kelantan, Malayasi... | Hanging white curtains around phototherapy units significantly increases efficacy of phototherapy in the treatment of neonatal jaundice without evidence of increased adverse effects. | yes |
16,873,437 | Does a mixture of prebiotic oligosaccharides reduce the incidence of atopic dermatitis during the first six months of age? | {
"contexts": [
"Oligosaccharides may alter postnatal immune development by influencing the constitution of gastrointestinal bacterial flora.",
"To investigate the effect of a prebiotic mixture of galacto- and long chain fructo-oligosaccharides on the incidence of atopic dermatitis (AD) during the first six m... | Results show for the first time a beneficial effect of prebiotics on the development of atopic dermatitis in a high risk population of infants. Although the mechanism of this effect requires further investigation, it appears likely that oligosaccharides modulate postnatal immune development by altering bowel flora and ... | yes |
16,848,207 | Do [ Our approach in the treatment of exposed hydroxyapatite orbital implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To present our approach in the treatment of exposed hydroxyapatite (HA) orbital implant.",
"Seven patients with HA orbital implant exposure presented for treatment, all primary implants, postevisceration. All patients were operated by the same surgeon. The size of implant was based on preoper... | Tarsoconjunctival pedicle flap is a safe procedure to cover the exposure of hydroxyapatite orbital implant. A limited size of the flap and the need of temporary tarsorrhaphy are the only disadvantages of the procedure. | yes |
16,873,969 | Does unilateral pallidotomy produce motor deficits and excesses in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To better understand the behavioral effects of pallidotomy as a treatment for a range of movement disorders, including Parkinson's disease, chorea, and ballismus. In some cases, pallidotomy increases movement whereas in others it decreases unwanted motor behavior.",
"The present study investi... | Motor deficits observed after pallidotomy were similar to those reported in previous research from this and other laboratories following damage to the nigrostriatal pathway or sensorimotor cortex. Motor excesses after pallidotomy are consistent with current theories of globus pallidus function. Taken together, these da... | yes |
16,872,952 | Do circulating endothelial cells demonstrate an attenuation of endothelial damage by minimizing the extracorporeal circulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Detachment of endothelial cells may represent serious injury of the endothelium after cardiopulmonary bypass. We investigated whether the extent of endothelial injury is related to the type of cardiopulmonary bypass system used (conventional or minimized) and determined circulating endothelial ce... | Circulating endothelial cells represent a novel marker of the intrinsic endothelial damage caused by cardiopulmonary bypass. Its analysis facilitates the evaluation of cardiopulmonary bypass modifications as the minimal extracorporeal circulation system could be proven to be less injurious to endothelium and myocardium... | yes |
16,879,045 | Does ultrasound produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound unit accelerate fracture repair? | {
"contexts": [
"A recent novel application of ultrasound therapy is the treatment of bone fractures. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect on fracture repair of ultrasound produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound unit as used by physical therapists.",
"Bilateral midshaft femur fracture... | These data indicate that ultrasound produced by a conventional therapeutic ultrasound unit as traditionally used by physical therapists may be used to facilitate fracture repair. However, careful interpretation of this controlled laboratory study is warranted until its findings are confirmed by clinical trials. | yes |
16,857,046 | Does expression of mammalian GPCRs in C. elegans generate novel behavioural responses to human ligands? | {
"contexts": [
"G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) play a crucial role in many biological processes and represent a major class of drug targets. However, purification of GPCRs for biochemical study is difficult and current methods of studying receptor-ligand interactions involve in vitro systems. Caenorhabditis... | Our results illustrate a remarkable evolutionary plasticity in interactions between mammalian GPCRs and C. elegans signalling machinery, spanning 800 million years of evolution. This in vivo system, which imparts novel avoidance behaviour on C. elegans, thus provides a simple means of studying and screening interaction... | yes |
16,876,149 | Does nitric oxide block hKv1.5 channels by S-nitrosylation and by a cyclic GMP-dependent mechanism? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to analyze whether nitric oxide (NO) modulates the human potassium channel hKv1.5, which generates the ultrarapid delayed rectifier current (IKur) that determines the height and duration of atrial action potentials.",
"Currents were recorded using the whole-cell patc... | NO inhibits the hKv1.5 current by a cGMP-dependent mechanism and by the S-nitrosylation of the hKv1.5 protein, an effect that contributes to shaping the human atrial action potentials. | yes |
16,863,651 | Is bile-reflux into the pancreatic ducts associated with the development of intraductal papillary carcinoma in hamsters? | {
"contexts": [
"Reflux of pancreatic juice into the biliary tract is a well-known risk factor for the development of biliary carcinoma. In this study, we investigated the significance of bile-reflux into the pancreatic ducts in pancreatic carcinogenesis, especially in the development of carcinoma in the main pan... | Our findings suggest that bile-reflux into the pancreatic ducts is a significant factor predisposing to the development of IPC of the pancreas through an acceleration of epithelial cell kinetics of the main pancreatic duct. | yes |
16,848,334 | Does the pneumonia severity index predict time to clinical stability in patients with community-acquired pneumonia? | {
"contexts": [
"A total of 33 hospitals in 13 countries in North America, Europe, Africa, Asia and Latin America.",
"To investigate the relationship between the pneumonia severity index (PSI) and the time to clinical stability from intravenous to oral antibiotic therapy in hospitalized adult patients with co... | The PSI is a tool that can be used to predict time to clinical stability (i.e., time to antimicrobial switch therapy) in hospitalized patients with CAP. | yes |
16,854,577 | Are vascular endothelial growth factor levels in post-CABG pleural effusions associated with pleural inflammation and permeability? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) participates in the pathogenesis of exudative pleural effusions (PEs). In the present study, we determined the pleural fluid (PF) and serum VEGF levels in patients with post-coronary artery by-pass grafting (post-CABG) PEs.",
"Thirty-eight patients wi... | In post-CABG PEs, preferential local production of VEGF in the pleural cavity is most commonly observed a month or later after surgery. The fact that in PEs VEGF levels correlate with markers of pleural inflammation (inflammatory cells and LDH levels) and vascular hyperpermeability (protein levels) suggests that VEGF m... | yes |
16,879,677 | Is late relapse of metastatic testicular nonseminomatous germ cell cancer : surgery needed for cure? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify patients with late relapse of metastatic, nonseminomatous germ cell tumour (NSGCT) and to evaluate the patterns of relapse, treatment and outcome, as such relapse at >2 years after complete remission to treatment for metastatic disease (late relapse) is uncommon, but with prolonged fo... | Late relapse is uncommon after modern therapy for metastatic GCTs. Surgical treatment for localized disease, where possible, is associated with prolonged disease-free and overall survival. By contrast, chemotherapy is associated with a low response rate and a poor outcome. | yes |
16,860,603 | Do final myocardial blush grade predicts troponin I elevation in unstable angina patients undergoing percutaneous intervention? | {
"contexts": [
"Improved myocardial blush grade is associated with better MACE outcomes in acute myocardial infarction patients but there are no data on myocardial blush grade (MBG) assessment in unstable angina (UA) patients treated with coronary intervention. We sought to evaluate the use of angiographic MBG a... | Improved blush grade in UA patients undergoing PCI is associated with lower post-procedural TnI elevation. Identification of UA patients with poor final MBG may allow a window of opportunity for the administration of adjuvant therapies to improve microvascular perfusion in the future. | yes |
16,854,327 | Does [ Local applied slow-releasing rapamycin inhibit neointima hyperplasia in vein graft ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether rapamycin (RPM) can reduce the neointima formation in the autologous vein graft, thus to provide support for its clinical application.",
"Twenty-four male rabbits were made external jugular vein-to-common carotid artery models and then were divided into 4 equal groups a... | Local delivery of slow-releasing RPM by F-127 effectively inhibits the neointima hyperplasia in vein graft by a mechanism of reducing the VSMC proliferation and inducing cell apoptosis. | yes |
16,877,224 | Does antenatal vitamin A decrease ventilation-induced lung injury in the lamb model of congenital diaphragmatic hernia? | {
"contexts": [
"Infants with congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) are susceptible to ventilation-induced lung injury. Vitamin A may protect the lung from injury during ventilation. The authors investigated the effects of antenatal vitamin A on ventilation-induced lung injury in CDH lambs using lung myeloperoxid... | This is the first study to look at the effect of vitamin A on lung injury in CDH. In the lamb model of CDH, antenatal vitamin A decreases ventilation-induced lung injury. | yes |
16,864,611 | Does atrial fibrillation predict appropriate shocks in primary prevention implantable cardioverter-defibrillator patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial fibrillation (AF) is often present in patients with left ventricular dysfunction who receive an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD). The purpose of this study was to investigate whether AF is associated with appropriate shocks and cardiovascular mortality in primary prevention ICD... | Our study demonstrates that history of AF is associated with increased risk of appropriate shocks and cardiovascular mortality in primary prevention ICD patients with left ventricular dysfunction. | yes |
16,864,817 | Is obesity a risk factor for transformed migraine but not chronic tension-type headache? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the influence of the body mass index (BMI) on the prevalence and severity of chronic daily headache (CDH) and its most frequent subtypes, transformed migraine (TM) and chronic tension-type headache (CTTH).",
"The authors gathered information on headache, medical features, height, an... | Chronic daily headache and obesity are associated. Obesity is a stronger risk factor for transformed migraine than for chronic tension-type headache. | yes |
16,864,811 | Is cognitive impairment in hemodialysis patients common? | {
"contexts": [
"Hemodialysis patients are at high risk for cognitive impairment due to their older age and high prevalence of stroke and cardiovascular risk factors.",
"Using a cross-sectional design, the authors measured cognitive function in 374 hemodialysis patients aged 55 years and older and an age-matc... | Moderate to severe cognitive impairment is common and undiagnosed in hemodialysis patients. Further studies are needed to determine whether dialysis exacerbates the cognitive impairment attributable to underlying disease. Cognitive testing in hemodialysis patients before dialysis initiation and periodically may be warr... | yes |
16,863,871 | Does identification of root cause for emergency diagnostic imaging delays at three Canadian hospitals? | {
"contexts": [
"Diagnostic imaging of patients in the emergency department offers numerous opportunities for delay. In an era of ED overcrowding, it is important to identify causes of delay in caring for patients to minimize patient length of stay in the emergency department.",
"This study was intended to: (... | Both radiology and emergency department staffing considerations and workload contribute to delays in turnaround times of diagnostic imaging investigations. | yes |
16,854,219 | Is the Hlx homeobox transcription factor required early in enteric nervous system development? | {
"contexts": [
"Development of the enteric nervous system (ENS) requires interactions between migrating neural crest cells and the nascent gastrointestinal tract that are dependent upon genes expressed by both cell compartments. Hlx, a homeobox transcription factor gene that is expressed in mouse intestinal and ... | The Hlx homeobox transcription factor is required for early aspects of ENS development. | yes |
16,854,215 | Does oxidative stress increase Fas ligand expression in endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Fas ligand (FasL) induces apoptosis in Fas-bearing target cells, such as leukocytes, and up-regulation of FasL expression on the endothelium may contribute to anti-inflammatory reactions that attenuate leukocyte extravasation during inflammation. Since oxidants generated during inflammation and c... | Low levels of oxidative stress increase FasL expression on endothelial cells, thereby potentially reducing leukocyte extravasation and tissue damage. | yes |
16,875,979 | Does angiotensin-converting enzyme genotype predict cardiac and autonomic responses to prolonged exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the phenomenon of left ventricular (LV) dysfunction after ultraendurance exercise.",
"Subclinical LV dysfunction in response to endurance exercise up to 24 h duration has been described, but its mechanism remains elusive.",
"We tested 86 athlet... | The ACE genotype predicts the extent of reversible subclinical LV dysfunction after prolonged exercise and is associated with a differential postactivity augmentation of sympathetic nervous system function that may explain it. | yes |
16,872,285 | Does systemic vaccination prevent the total destruction of mucosal CD4 T cells during acute SIV challenge? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)/simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections are accompanied by a systemic loss of memory CD4 T cells, with mucosal sites serving as a major site for viral replication, dissemination and CD4 T cell depletion. Protecting the mucosal CD4 T cell compartment... | Preservation of mucosal CD4 T cells can contribute to maintaining immune competence in mucosal tissues and provide a substantial immune benefit to the vaccinees. | yes |
16,864,924 | Is chronic kidney disease a risk factor for cardiovascular death in a community-based population in Japan : NIPPON DATA90? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has been identified as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).",
"The risk of cardiovascular death was evaluated in a large cohort of participants selected randomly from the overall Japanese population. Participants (mean age, 52.4 years) free of previous ... | CKD was an independent risk factor for cardiovascular death in a community-dwelling Japanese population. | yes |
16,849,816 | Does iron overload enhance epithelial cell proliferation in endometriotic lesions induced in a murine model? | {
"contexts": [
"Iron deposits are characteristic of endometriotic lesions, and pelvic iron concentrations are higher in endometriosis patients than in women without endometriosis. In this study, the effect of iron overload and iron chelation on the development of endometriosis in a murine model was investigated.... | Iron overload does not appear to affect lesion establishment but may contribute to the further growth of endometriosis by promoting cell proliferation of lesions. Iron chelator treatment could therefore be beneficial in endometriosis to prevent iron overload in the pelvic cavity and decrease cellular proliferation of l... | yes |
16,874,160 | Is the third component of the complement ( C3 ) a marker of the risk of atherogenesis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to assess the association between the third component of the complement (C3) and other risk factors of coronary heart disease.",
"We evaluated 1200 individuals aged 25-74 years (600 men and 600 women). A strong relationship was shown between serum C3 and both body ma... | A high concentration of C3 is a marker of a profile at risk of atherogenesis. | yes |
16,862,483 | Does previous aneuploidic offspring in a young woman increase the risk for somatic random aneuploidy in subsequent pregnancies? | {
"contexts": [
"The cause of aneuploidy in fetuses of young women is not fully understood. As such women are considered to be at risk of repeating the \"error\", it is customary to recommend chromosomal evaluation (karyotyping) in subsequent pregnancies. Individuals predisposed to meiotic nondisjunction exhibit ... | The known tendency for repeated nondisjunction shown in women with previous aneuploid babies could not be demonstrated in their offsprings. | no |
16,862,482 | Is optimal treatment of premature ovarian failure after treatment for Hodgkin 's lymphoma often withheld? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study is to determine: 1. the effect of treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma on ovarian function, and 2. the interventions to relieve postmenopausal symptoms.",
"Seventy-seven consecutive patients treated between 1989 and 2003 in the Rotterdam region for Hodgkin's lymphoma sta... | The effect of antitumor treatment for Hodgkin's lymphoma on ovarian function is age dependent (odds ratio of 1.18 per year). There is a striking inconsistency regarding the management of ovarian protection before and during antitumor treatment. Premenopausal women who undergo therapy for Hodgkin's lymphoma should be of... | yes |
16,873,731 | Does atypical GPI-anchored T-cadherin stimulate angiogenesis in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"T-cadherin (T-cad) is an atypical GPI-anchored member of the cadherin superfamily. In vascular tissue, T-cad expression is increased during atherosclerosis, restenosis, and tumor neovascularization. In vitro, overexpression and/or homophilic ligation of T-cad on endothelial cells (ECs) facilitate... | We unequivocally identify T-cad as a novel modulator of angiogenesis and suggest that this molecule can be exploited as a target for modulation of therapeutic angiogenesis, as well as for prevention of pathological conditions associated with abnormal neovascularization. | yes |
16,873,782 | Is cognitive dysfunction associated with poor diabetes control in older adults? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the association between cognitive dysfunction and other barriers and glycemic control in older adults with diabetes.",
"Patients over the age of 70 years presenting to a geriatric diabetes clinic were evaluated for barriers to successful diabetes management. Patients were screened... | Older adults with diabetes have a high risk of undiagnosed cognitive dysfunction, depression, and functional disabilities. Cognitive dysfunction in this population is associated with poor diabetes control. | yes |
16,870,993 | Do decision-making and technical factors account for the learning curve in complex surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"The general public, the legal profession, patients and relatives expect best practice and have difficulty with the concept of a learning curve in surgical interventions. However, it is improbable that technical and innovative skills can be developed, or optimized, without some aspects of learning... | The main components of the learning curve were considered to be decision-making and technical factors. A mechanism to reduce the surgical learning curve is suggested involving teamwork, and at least two experienced surgeons involved in all major surgical interventions. Decision-making and technical factors account for ... | yes |
16,859,511 | Do beta3 integrin and Src facilitate transforming growth factor-beta mediated induction of epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mammary epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta suppresses breast cancer formation by preventing cell cycle progression in mammary epithelial cells (MECs). During the course of mammary tumorigenesis, genetic and epigenetic changes negate the cytostatic actions of TGF-beta, thus enabling TGF-beta to promote... | We show that beta3 integrin alters TGF-beta signaling in MECs via Src-mediated TbetaR-II tyrosine phosphorylation, which significantly enhanced the ability of TGF-beta to induce EMT and invasion. Our findings suggest that beta3 integrin interdiction strategies may represent an innovative approach to re-establishing TGF... | yes |
16,859,517 | Does estrogenic microenvironment generated by organochlorine residues in adipose mammary tissue modulate biomarker expression in ERalpha-positive breast carcinomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Breast cancer is the most frequent malignant disease in women. Exposure to estrogens throughout a woman's life is a risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Organochlorine compounds (OCCs), such as pesticides and polychlorinated biphenyls, are persistent lipophilic chemicals identified a... | The present results support the hypothesis that organochlorine residues in adipose tissue adjacent to breast carcinoma generate an estrogenic microenvironment that may influence the biological behavior of the tumor through ERalpha activation and ERalpha-dependent proliferation. These findings may have therapeutic impli... | yes |
16,855,804 | Does covering the percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy ( PEG ) tube prevent peristomal infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Because oropharyngeal bacteria can be brought through the abdominal wall during percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG), peristomal infection is one of the most frequent complications in patients who undergo the procedure. This study aimed to determine whether covering the PEG tube with a sheat... | These results suggest that covering the PEG tube, with or without providing antibiotic therapy, may prevent peristomal infection in spite of the presence of oropharyngeal bacterial flora after percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. | yes |
16,872,968 | Is preoperative statin therapy associated with reduced cardiac mortality after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Statin therapy in ambulatory populations is associated with a significant reduction in adverse cardiovascular events, including death and myocardial infarction. Much less is known about the beneficial effects of statins on acute perioperative cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was t... | Preoperative statin use is associated with reduced cardiac mortality after primary, elective coronary artery bypass grafting. Postoperative statin discontinuation is associated with increased in-hospital mortality. Although further randomized trials are needed to confirm these findings, these data suggest the importanc... | yes |
16,868,136 | Is plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D and not 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D associated with parathyroid adenoma secretion in primary hyperparathyroidism : a cross-sectional study? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is associated with reduced plasma 25-hydroxyvitamin D (P-25OHD) and usually increased plasma 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (P-1,25(OH)2D). Parathyroid tissue expresses the vitamin D receptor and it is thought that circulating 1,25(OH)2D participate in the regulat... | In this material, low levels of 25OHD were related to higher levels of P-PTH and higher PTH:AW ratios in patients with PHPT suggesting that vitamin D deficiency increase PTH secretion activity. Neither PTH secretion nor AW was associated with circulating levels of 1,25(OH)2D. | yes |
16,868,139 | Is thigh intermuscular fat inversely associated with spontaneous GH release in post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"The metabolic syndrome is characterized by an increased accumulation of visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and blunted GH secretion. There are, however, no data on the association between GH secretion and other fat depots (in liver and muscle).",
"The aim of this cross-sectional study, which inclu... | In post-menopausal women with abdominal obesity, pulsatile GH secretion demonstrated an independent, negative association with thigh IMAT, whereas basal GH secretion showed an independent, negative association with VAT. These findings suggest that the neuroendocrine association between fat mass and somatotropic axis is... | yes |
16,857,056 | Are extrahepatic tissue concentrations of vitamin K lower in rats fed a high vitamin E diet? | {
"contexts": [
"An adverse hematological interaction between vitamins E and K has been reported, primarily in patients on anticoagulants. However, little is known regarding circulating levels or tissue concentrations of vitamin K in response to vitamin E supplementation. The purpose of this study was to examine ... | There appears to be a tissue-specific interaction between vitamins E and K when vitamin E is supplemented in rat diets. Future research is required to elucidate the mechanism for this nutrient-nutrient interaction. | yes |
16,856,978 | Does infection with a periodontal pathogen induce procoagulant effects in human aortic endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple studies have demonstrated a link between periodontal infections and vascular disease. Porphyromonas gingivalis, a major periodontal pathogen, has been shown to adhere to and invade endothelial cells.",
"In order to dissect mechanisms underlying these observations, we assessed the rol... | Taken together these data demonstrate for the first time that infection with a periodontal pathogen induces procoagulant responses in HAEC. | yes |
16,877,979 | Does glucagon-like peptide 2 stimulate intestinal nutrient absorption in parenterally fed newborn pigs? | {
"contexts": [
"Parenteral nutrition is a critically important intervention for children with intestinal dysfunctions. However, total parenteral nutrition (TPN) with no enteral feeding is associated with small intestine atrophy and malabsorption, which complicate the transition to enteral nutrition. The objectiv... | Providing GLP-2 to neonates receiving TPN prevents small intestine atrophy, results in small intestine absorptive capacities that are comparable to when nutrients are provided enterally and may accelerate the transition from TPN to enteral nutrition. | yes |
16,856,098 | Do early versus delayed enteral nutrition support for burn injuries? | {
"contexts": [
"A burn injury increases the body's metabolic demands, and therefore nutritional requirements. Provision of an adequate supply of nutrients is believed to lower the incidence of metabolic abnormalities, thus reducing septic morbidity, improving survival rates, and decreasing hospital length of sta... | This systematic review has not found sufficient evidence to support or refute the effectiveness of early versus late enteral nutrition support in adults with burn injury. The trials showed some promising results that would suggest early enteral nutrition support may blunt the hypermetabolic response to thermal injury, ... | yes |
16,854,216 | Are peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma and spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase gene expressions significantly correlated in human colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a transcription factor that regulates adipogenic differentiation and glucose homeostasis. Spermidine/spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) are key enzymes involved in the metabolism of polyamines,... | In conclusion, our data demonstrated a close relationship between PPARgamma and SSAT in human colorectal cancer and this could represent an attempt to decrease polyamine levels and to reduce cell growth and tumour development. Therefore, pharmacological activation of PPARgamma and/or induction of SSAT may represent a t... | yes |
16,858,185 | Is surgical and palliative management and outcome in 184 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma : palliative photodynamic therapy plus stenting comparable to r1/r2 resection? | {
"contexts": [
"First, to analyze the strategy for 184 patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma seen and treated at a single interdisciplinary hepatobiliary center during a 10-year period. Second, to compare long-term outcome in patients undergoing surgical or palliative treatment, and third to evaluate the role o... | Only complete tumor resection, including hepatic resection, enables long-term survival for patients with hilar cholangiocarcinoma. Palliative PDT and subsequent stenting resulted in longer survival than stenting alone and has a similar survival time compared with incomplete R1 and R2 resection. However, these improveme... | yes |
16,858,184 | Does leukocyte-derived inducible nitric oxide synthase mediate murine postoperative ileus? | {
"contexts": [
"To provide evidence that iNOS expression solely in leukocytes plays a role in postoperative ileus.",
"Intestinal handling initiates a molecular and cellular muscularis inflammation that has been associated with iNOS expression and ileus. The specific cellular source of iNOS is a matter of spe... | These results clearly show that iNOS expressed in leukocytes within the intestinal muscularis plays a major role in mediating smooth muscle dysfunction and subsequently postoperative ileus. | yes |
16,870,640 | Does cerebrospinal fluid amyloid beta42/phosphorylated tau ratio discriminate between Alzheimer 's disease and vascular dementia? | {
"contexts": [
"The differentiation of Alzheimer's disease (AD) from vascular dementia (VaD) is hampered by clinical diagnostic criteria with disappointing sensitivity and specificity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of total tau protein (t-tau), amyloid be... | Our results support further efforts to prospectively validate the use of Q Abeta42/p-tau as a biomarker to discriminate between AD and VaD. | yes |
16,877,372 | Does ginkgolide B induce apoptosis and developmental injury in mouse embryonic stem cells and blastocysts? | {
"contexts": [
"Ginkgolide B, the major active component of Ginkgo biloba extracts, can both stimulate and inhibit apoptotic signalling. We previously showed that ginkgolide treatment of mouse blastocysts induces apoptosis, decreases cell numbers, retards early post-implantation blastocyst development and increa... | Our results reveal for the first time that ginkgolide B retards the proliferation and development of mouse ESCs and blastocysts in vitro and causes developmental injury in vivo. | yes |
16,868,893 | Is vitamin D-binding protein ( DBP ) gene polymorphism associated with Graves ' disease and the vitamin D status in a Polish population study? | {
"contexts": [
"Vitamin D-binding protein (DBP) genetic variants have an influence on vitamin D status and, therefore, they may contribute to the development of autoimmune diseases. In this case-control study, we investigated the association of DBP gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to Graves' disease (GD) i... | (i) The DBP gene Lys allele at codon 420 confers susceptibility to GD in the Polish population, (ii) the codon 416 alleles and intron 8 (TAAA)N variants are not associated with susceptibility to and clinical phenotype of GD, and (iii) the codon 420 Lys allele correlates with lower 25(OH)D3 serum concentration. | yes |
16,872,636 | Are mitogenic and apoptotic actions of epidermal growth factor on neuroblastoma cells concentration-dependent? | {
"contexts": [
"In previous studies we have shown that epidermal growth factor (EGF) at concentrations between 50 and 100 ng/mL induced apoptosis in wild-type SK-N-SH neuroblastoma cells. We hypothesize that this apoptotic event separates EGF-induced neuroblastoma cell growth into a biphasic concentration-depend... | Neuroblastoma cell growth induced by EGF exhibited a triphasic pattern; cell growth was increased at EGF concentrations 5-20 and 150-250 ng/mL, but decreased at 50-100 mg/mL. Apoptosis was induced at 50-100 ng/mL EGF. Each growth phase activated different signaling molecules. | yes |
16,876,688 | Does estrogen treatment enhance nitric oxide bioavailability in normotensive but not hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of estrogen on endothelial function remain controversial. Endothelial function is perturbed in hypertension. We aimed to determine whether pre-existing hypertension can modify endothelial-dependent responses to estrogen.",
"We compared the effects of estrogen replacement on endoth... | The inability of estrogen to improve endothelial function in SHRSP may relate to a defect in eNOS activation pathways in this hypertensive rat strain. | yes |
16,875,968 | Are in-stent restenosis and remote coronary lesion progression coupled in cardiac transplant vasculopathy but not in native coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to describe the clinical, angiographic, and histological features of concomitant in-stent restenosis (ISR) and cardiac allograft vasculopathy (CAV) progression.",
"Cardiac allograft vasculopathy is a major challenge to long-term success of heart transplantation. ... | Progression of CAV at non-intervened segments and ISR correlate strongly and share common histopathology. Optimized treatment for patients with aggressive CAV needs to address the widespread nature of this disease, even when it presents as an initially focal lesion. | yes |
16,872,528 | Is atMND1 required for homologous pairing during meiosis in Arabidopsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Pairing of homologous chromosomes at meiosis is an important requirement for recombination and balanced chromosome segregation among the products of meiotic division. Recombination is initiated by double strand breaks (DSBs) made by Spo11 followed by interaction of DSB sites with a homologous chr... | We conclude that AtMND1 is required for homologous pairing and is likely to play a role in the repair of DNA double strand breaks during meiosis in Arabidopsis, thus showing conservation of function with that of MND1 during meiosis in yeast. | yes |
16,861,612 | Is aerobic exercise necessary to improve glucose utilization with moderate weight loss in women? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of weight loss (WL) alone and combined with aerobic exercise on visceral adipose tissue (VAT), intramuscular fat, insulin-stimulated glucose uptake, and the rate of decline in free fatty acid (FFA) concentrations during hyperinsulinemia.",
"We studied 33 sedentary, ob... | Intramuscular fat decreases similarly with 6 months of moderate WL alone or with aerobic exercise in postmenopausal women. In contrast, only WL combined with exercise results in increased glucose utilization and insulin sensitivity. These findings should be validated in a larger population. | yes |
16,867,036 | Are acetylcholine receptor antibodies in myasthenia gravis associated with greater risk of diabetes and thyroid disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Myasthenia gravis (MG) may be associated with the presence of acetylcholine receptor antibodies (AChRAb) [seropositive MG (SPMG)] or their absence [seronegative MG (SNMG)]. Along with features of MG, the presence of the AChRAb may relate to the existence of other immune-mediated diseases. We soug... | AChRAb and SPMG impart not only a distinctive clinical and electrophysiological phenotype of MG, but are also associated with the heightened presence of endocrinological disease. | yes |
16,873,726 | Does close approximation of two platelet factor 4 tetramers by charge neutralization form the antigens recognized by HIT antibodies? | {
"contexts": [
"Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a prothrombotic drug reaction caused by antibodies that recognize positively charged platelet factor 4 (PF4), bound to the polyanion, heparin. The resulting immune complexes activate platelets. Unfractionated heparin (UFH) causes HIT more frequently than ... | HIT antigens are formed when charge neutralization by polyanion allows positively charged PF4 tetramers to undergo close approximation. Whereas such a model could explain why all 3 polyanions form antibodies with similar specificities, the striking differences in the relative size and amount of complexes formed likely ... | yes |
16,865,770 | Does e-cadherin expression pattern in primary colorectal carcinomas and their metastases reflect disease outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the changes that occur in E-cadherin expression during the process of metastasis in colorectal cancer.",
"E-cadherin expression was detected by immunohistochemistry and two indices of expression were calculated which reflected the level of expression and the locations (membrane... | Examination of E-cadherin expression and distribution in colorectal tumors can be extremely valuable in predicting disease recurrence. The observation that aberrant cytoplasmic expression of E-cadherin can predict disease recurrence is obviously of great importance for both patients and clinicians, and significantly af... | yes |
16,865,771 | Is mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg associated with regulatory T cells in chronic hepatitis B? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the mechanisms of hyporesponsiveness of HBV-specific CD4+ T cells by testing TH1 and TH2 commitment and regulatory T cells.",
"Nine patients with chronic hepatitis B were enrolled. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with HBcAg or HBsAg to evaluate their potential to c... | The results indicate that the mechanism of T cell hyporesponsiveness to HBcAg includes activation of HBcAg-induced regulatory T cells in contrast to an increase in TH2-committed cells in response to HBsAg. | yes |
16,858,745 | Are falls of the elderly associated with burden of caregivers in the community? | {
"contexts": [
"Little attention has been paid to the impact on caregivers who provide care to a family member who has falls. The purpose of the current study was to determine whether falls of care recipients are associated with caregivers' burden.",
"A cross-sectional study of 1874 community-dwelling care r... | Among the community-dwelling frail elderly, falls are associated with caregiver burden even when controlling for various possible confounding factors. | yes |
16,866,794 | Is the routine use of oxytocin after oral misoprostol for labour induction in women with an unfavourable cervix of benefit? | {
"contexts": [
"Induction of labour with misoprostol is often augmented with oxytocin with the possible consequence of uterine hypercontractility. It is important to determine whether the use of oxytocin in this circumstance has benefit as well as risk.",
"To compare two regimens for labour induction in wome... | There was no benefit of routine addition of oxytocin after two doses of misoprostol. Reduced oxytocin requirement was observed when it was added only if needed. Both regimens achieved 85-87% vaginal deliveries with low incidence of hypercontractility. | no |
16,861,043 | Does doppler echocardiography markedly underestimate left ventricular stroke work loss in severe aortic valve stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Left ventricular (LV) stroke work loss (SWL) is an index of aortic stenosis (AS) severity based on the energy loss concept. Traditionally known as an invasive measurement, SWL has also been determined noninvasively using Doppler echocardiography. The present work was done to compare the echocardi... | In AS, echocardiography gives a biased estimate of LV SWL with marked underestimation in severe disease. Echocardiographic SWL may confuse rather than improve the assessment of AS in clinical practice. | yes |
16,863,749 | Does downstaging of T or N predict long-term survival after preoperative chemotherapy and radical resection for esophageal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The purposes of this study were to determine the frequency of downstaging of T or N after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical resection in patients with carcinoma of the esophagus, and to evaluate the effect of tumor downstaging on survival.",
"A cohort of patients who underwent neoadjuvant ... | Patients who experience downstaging of T or N after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and radical surgical resection for esophageal carcinoma have a significantly higher survival rate compared with those who do not experience downstaging. This enhanced survival is comparable to survival rates reported in complete pathologic res... | yes |
16,857,805 | Does systemic anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody administration safely enhance immunity in murine glioma without eliminating regulatory T cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated proportions of regulatory T cells (T(reg)) are present in patients with a variety of cancers, including malignant glioma, yet recapitulative murine models are wanting. We therefore examined T(regs) in mice bearing malignant glioma and evaluated anti-CD25 as an immunotherapeutic adjunct."... | Systemic anti-CD25 administration does not entirely eliminate T(regs) but does prevent T(reg) function. This leads to safe enhancement of tumor immunity in a murine glioma model that recapitulates the tumor-induced changes to the CD4 and T(reg) compartments seen in patients with malignant glioma. | yes |
16,857,800 | Is mUC4 a novel prognostic factor of extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Many of the patients with extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma (EHBDC) show a poor outcome. We have reported that MUC4 is a novel prognostic factor of pancreatic adenocarcinoma and intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of MUC4 expression in ... | MUC4 expression in EHBDC is a new independent factor for poor prognosis and predicts the outcome of patients with EHBDC. | yes |
16,864,597 | Is combined ultrasound and isotope scanning more informative in the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism than single scanning? | {
"contexts": [
"Thyroid imaging is helpful in confirming the diagnosis of congenital hypothyroidism and in establishing the aetiology. Although isotope scanning is the standard method of imaging, ultrasound assessment may be complementary.",
"To determine the strengths and weaknesses of thyroid ultrasound an... | Isotope scanning was superior to ultrasound in the detection of ectopic tissue. However, ultrasound detected tissue that was not visualised on isotope scanning, and showed abnormalities of thyroid volume and morphology. We would therefore advocate dual scanning in newborns with TSH elevation as each modality provides d... | yes |
16,859,504 | Is timing of adequate antibiotic therapy a greater determinant of outcome than are TNF and IL-10 polymorphisms in patients with sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetic variations may influence clinical outcomes in patients with sepsis. The present study was conducted to evaluate the impact on mortality of three polymorphisms after adjusting for confounding variables, and to assess the factors involved in progression of the inflammatory response in septi... | This study emphasizes that prompt and adequate antibiotic therapy is the cornerstone of therapy in sepsis. The three polymorphisms evaluated in the present study appear not to influence the outcome of patients admitted to the hospital with sepsis. | yes |
16,859,509 | Does co-evolution of transcription factors and their targets depend on mode of regulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Differences in the transcription regulation network are at the root of much of the phenotypic variation observed among organisms. These differences may be achieved either by changing the repertoire of regulators and/or their targets, or by rewiring the network. Following these changes and studyin... | We demonstrate that the mode of regulation exerted by transcription factors has a strong effect on their evolution. Repressors co-evolve tightly with their target genes. In contrast, activators can be lost independently of their targets. In fact, loss of an activator can lead to efficient shutdown of an unnecessary pat... | yes |
16,864,410 | Do vEGF and angiopoietin-1 stimulate different angiogenic phenotypes that combine to enhance functional neovascularization in adult tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"Therapeutic angiogenesis requires an understanding of how growth factors such as vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) result in physiological neovascularization. This study determined the physiological mechanism by which adenoviral delivery of growth factor combina... | Ang-1 and VEGF use different physiological mechanisms to enhance neovascularization of relatively avascular tissue. Administration of both growth factors combines these physiological mechanisms to give greater enhancement of neovascularization than either growth factor alone. These results suggest that effective revasc... | yes |
16,864,413 | Is maintenance of heterogeneity of capillary spacing essential for adequate oxygenation in the soleus muscle of the growing rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Normal muscle growth is accompanied by capillary proliferation, which usually lags behind the increase in muscle size, causing a decline in mean capillary density (CD). It is not known, however, how the capillary distribution is affected and what impact it has on the oxygenation of the muscle.",
... | Angiogenesis during normal muscle growth does not maintain CD, but with similar heterogeneity of capillary spacing it preserves the potential for adequate intramuscular oxygenation. | yes |
16,864,414 | Do glucocorticoids inhibit the cerebral microvascular dysfunction associated with sepsis in obese mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity is associated with increased morbidity and mortality in critically ill patients. It is unclear whether this increase is due to exaggerated inflammatory response alone or due to lack of response to therapeutic agents used. The objective of this study was to determine whether low-dose stero... | Low-dose glucocorticoid therapy is beneficial in experimental sepsis in obese animals compared to lean animals. | yes |
16,864,416 | Does vEGF trap abolish shear stress- and overload-dependent angiogenesis in skeletal muscle? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine which elements of the angiogenic process are controlled by VEGF under physiological conditions.",
"VEGF Trap was administered at 10 mg x kg(-1) by subcutaneous injection twice weekly to mice, which were subject to one of two established angiogenic stimuli: (1) increasing blood fl... | VEGF is required for both models of angiogenesis, although some morphological changes lie upstream, or are independent of, VEGF involvement. The abolition of angiogenesis in a model unaffected by NO inhibition shows that NO is not required for all VEGF-dependent angiogenesis in vivo. | yes |
16,870,100 | Does short-term adalimumab therapy improve endo-thelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis refractory to infliximab? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial dysfunction has been found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study we aimed to assess whether adalimumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody directed against TNF-alpha, was able to improve endothelial function in RA patients with long-standing disease refractory to in... | Our study confirms that short-term adalimumab therapy yields an active and positive effect on endothelial function in long-standing RA patients with severe disease. This observation emphasizes the potential role of the TNF-alpha blockade in the mechanisms implicated in the development of atherogenesis in RA. | yes |
16,879,069 | Does alpha-tocopherol supplementation reduce the elevated 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine blood levels induced by training in basketball players? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of alpha-tocopherol (alpha-Te) supplementation on DNA oxidative damage induced by heavy training in basketball players.",
"Blood was obtained from 10 players before (group A) and after training (group B) and after 1 month on alpha-Te ... | alpha-Te supplementation may reduce DNA oxidation induced by training by protecting muscle cell "death" from glutamate entry and/or by elevation of TAS via amelioration of lipid peroxidation. | yes |
16,879,060 | Is poor prognosis indicated by nucleated red blood cells in peripheral blood associated with organ failure of the liver or kidney? | {
"contexts": [
"The appearance of nucleated red blood cells (NRBCs) in peripheral blood is associated with a variety of severe diseases. When NRBCs are detected in blood, this is generally associated with increased mortality.",
"In a prospective study, NRBCs and other laboratory parameters were measured dail... | The detection of NRBCs in blood of surgical intensive care patients is of prognostic power with regard to patient mortality. This prognostic significance of NRBCs was independent of some clinical and other laboratory risk parameters. The appearance of NRBCs in blood was not associated with kidney failure or lesion of t... | no |
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