pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
values |
|---|---|---|---|---|
18,420,485 | Does immunoglobulin-like transcript 3-Fc suppress T-cell responses to allogeneic human islet transplants in hu-NOD/SCID mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of our study was to explore the immunomodulatory activity of soluble immunoglobulin (Ig)-like transcript (ILT) 3-Fc in pancreatic islet transplantation and to determine its mechanism of action.",
"NOD/SCID mice in which diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection were transplante... | The data indicated that ILT3-Fc is a potent immunoregulatory agent that suppressed islet allograft rejection in humanized NOD/SCID mice. | yes |
18,439,291 | Is the severity of malarial anaemia in Plasmodium chabaudi infections of BALB/c mice determined independently of the number of circulating parasites? | {
"contexts": [
"Severe malarial anaemia is a major complication of malaria infection and is multi-factorial resulting from loss of circulating red blood cells (RBCs) from parasite replication, as well as immune-mediated mechanisms. An understanding of the causes of severe malarial anaemia is necessary to develop... | This work shows that parasite numbers are a more relevant measure of parasite levels in P. chabaudi infection than % parasitaemia, a measure that does not take anaemia into account. The lack of correlation between parasite numbers and the drop in circulating RBCs in this experimental model of malaria support a role for... | yes |
18,431,080 | Does gait reveal bilateral adaptation of motor control in patients with chronic unilateral stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Functional brain imaging has shown that bilateral brain reorganization may occur after unilateral cerebral damage. The present study searched for evidence of bilateral motor control changes in gait in patients with chronic unilateral stroke.",
"Gait variables (temporal and spatial parameters,... | Patients chose their preferred walking velocity using stereotyped, alternative gait patterns, in which the contribution of the NS was larger than that of the AS. Alternative gait patterns may partly demonstrate compensatory behavioral strategies adapted by patients. | yes |
18,429,968 | Does the ABCG2 C421A polymorphism affect oral nitrofurantoin pharmacokinetics in healthy Chinese male subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"A number of drugs are substrates or inhibitors of the efflux transporter breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP; ABCG2), which can limit systemic exposure by reducing absorption and/or increasing biliary elimination. The identification of a BCRP-selective clinical probe drug would provide a usefu... | The ABCG2 C421A polymorphism had no effect on nitrofurantoin plasma and urine pharmacokinetic parameters in healthy Chinese subjects. These results indicate that nitrofurantoin is not a suitable clinical probe substrate for assessing BCRP activity. | no |
18,432,024 | Stenosis carotid artery stenting in high risk patients with carotid artery eligible for endarterectomy : clinical outcome after 5 years? | {
"contexts": [
"Carotid artery stenting is used as an alternative to surgical endarterectomy.",
"To determine the outcome of CAS in a retrospective cohort of patients.",
"Between July 1999 and March 2003, 56 consecutive patients with carotid artery stenosis who were considered ineligible for surgery were... | This study confirms that stent procedures are beneficial for symptomatic carotid stenosis in patients not eligible for surgery. | no |
18,440,986 | Does overexpression of human truncated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha induce apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Our goal was to analyse whether truncated peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) overexpression induces apoptosis of cardiomyocytes.",
"We constructed a recombinant vector of human truncated PPARalpha and a mammalian expression vector to transfect PPARalpha into a line o... | These results demonstrate that human truncated PPARalpha overexpression induces apoptosis in HL-1 cardiomyocytes. In addition, our findings suggest that truncated PPARalpha may induce cardiomyocyte apoptosis through the inhibition of the antiapoptotic protein, Bcl-2. It is proposed that competition with CREB for coacti... | yes |
18,440,987 | Does mitochondrial fission mediate high glucose-induced cell death through elevated production of reactive oxygen species? | {
"contexts": [
"One of the main causes of cardiovascular complications in diabetes is the hyperglycaemia-induced cell injury, and mitochondrial fission has been implicated in the apoptotic process. We investigated the role of mitochondrial fission in high glucose-induced cardiovascular cell injury.",
"We use... | These findings indicate that the fission-mediated fragmentation of mitochondrial tubules is causally associated with enhanced production of mitochondrial ROS and cardiovascular cell injury in hyperglycaemic conditions. | yes |
18,411,071 | Is distractor P3 associated with attentional capture by stimulus deviance? | {
"contexts": [
"A simple distractor elicits a large P3 when the standard and target are difficult to discriminate in the three-stimulus oddball paradigm. This study investigated whether the distractor P3 reflects attentional capture by stimulus deviance or cognitive interference with maintaining the standard rep... | Distractor P3 reflects attentional capture by stimulus deviance, rather than cognitive interference with maintaining the standard representation. | yes |
18,411,072 | Does rhythmic arm cycling suppress hyperactive soleus H-reflex amplitude after stroke? | {
"contexts": [
"Rhythmic arm cycling movement suppresses the amplitude of soleus H-reflexes in neurologically intact participants. This suppression is greater when the movement frequency is increased. If rhythmic arm movement can still suppress the amplitude of H-reflexes in the legs after stroke, it could poten... | Neural activity related to arm cycling can still access interlimb pathways after stroke and activate spinal control mechanisms leading to suppression of H-reflex amplitudes. | yes |
18,422,550 | Does potassium deficiency result in accumulation of ultra-high molecular weight poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate in a methane-utilizing mixed culture? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of various single nutrient deficiencies on poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) biosynthesis in a methane-utilizing mixed culture (dominant species Methylocystis sp. GB 25 DSM 7674).",
"Poly-beta-hydroxybutyrate accumulation experiments were performed in 7 and 70 l biorea... | Biosynthesis of an ultra-high M(w) PHB in a methane-utilizing mixed culture can be induced by potassium deficiency. | yes |
18,416,964 | Do th2 cytokines associated with chronic rhinosinusitis with polyps down-regulate the antimicrobial immune function of human sinonasal epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNPs) is a disorder characterized by persistent eosinophilic Th2 inflammation and frequent sinonasal microbial colonization. It has been postulated that an abnormal mucosal immune response underlies disease pathogenesis. The relationship between Th2 in... | Expression of multiple innate immune genes by HSNEC is reduced in CRSwNP. One mechanism appears to be a direct effect of the leukocyte-derived Th2 cytokines present in the sinonasal mucosa in CRSwNP. Impaired mucosal innate immunity may contribute to microbial colonization and abnormal immune responses associated with ... | yes |
18,424,120 | Do mesenchymal stem cells enhance bone regeneration in rat calvarial critical size defects more than platelete-rich plasma? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to compare culture-expanded bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cell and PRP loaded to natural bone mineral (Bio-Oss) and beta-TCP for rat calvarial bone repair.",
"Twenty-two adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups (n = 11). In the ... | New synthetic bone substitutes may offer a better condition for bone regeneration compared to the traditional bone substitute in combination with mesenchymal stem cells. They remained in the defect and contributed bone regeneration. The use of the mesenchymal stem cell in conjunction with bone substitutes can enhance b... | yes |
18,416,455 | Does inhibition of CXCR4 activity with AMD3100 decrease invasion of human colorectal cancer cells in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect and mechanism of blockade of the CXC chemokine receptor-4 (CXCR4) signaling pathway by AMD3100, a small non-peptide CXCR4 inhibitor, on invasion and metastasis of colorectal cancer cells in vitro.",
"Human colorectal cancer cell line SW480 was treated with AMD3100 at... | The CXCL12/CXCR4 system is an important mediator of proliferation and invasion of CXCR4-expressing colorectal cancer cells. AMD3100 inhibited invasion and metastasis activity of the colorectal cancer cell line SW480 through down-regulation of VEGF and MMP-9 expression. | yes |
18,434,747 | Does cigarette smoke exposure promote arterial thrombosis and vessel remodeling after vascular injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease. However, in terms of the vessel wall, the underlying pathomechanisms of cigarette smoking are incompletely understood, partly due to a lack of adequate in vivo models.",
"Apolipoprotein E-deficient mice we... | Taken together, these findings suggest that cigarette smoking promotes arterial thrombosis and modulates the size and composition of neointimal lesions after arterial injury in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. | yes |
18,438,665 | Do dendritic cell-based vaccines suppress metastatic liver tumor via activation of local innate and acquired immunity? | {
"contexts": [
"Dendritic cell (DC)-based vaccines have been applied clinically in the setting of cancer, but tumor-associated antigens (TAAs) have not yet been enough identified in various cancers. In this study, we investigated whether preventive vaccination with unpulsed DCs or peptide-pulsed DCs could offer ... | These results demonstrate that unpulsed DC vaccines might serve as an effective therapy for treating metastatic liver tumor, for which TAA has not yet been identified. | yes |
18,425,875 | Does lumbar support for prevention and treatment of low back pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Lumbar supports are used in the treatment of low-back pain patients, to prevent the onset of low-back pain (primary prevention) or to prevent recurrences of a low-back pain episode (secondary prevention).",
"To assess the effects of lumbar supports for prevention and treatment of non-specific... | There is moderate evidence that lumbar supports are not more effective than no intervention or training in preventing low-back pain, and conflicting evidence whether they are effective supplements to other preventive interventions. It remains unclear whether lumbar supports are more effective than no or other intervent... | yes |
18,436,295 | Is cigarette smoking associated with a greater risk of incident asthma in allergic rhinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma and rhinitis are often comorbid conditions, and several studies have suggested that rhinitis often precedes asthma. Sensitization to allergen has been shown to be one of the strongest determinants of incident asthma, but little is known about the effects of cigarette smoking among individu... | The current findings support the hypothesis that cigarette smoking is an important independent risk factor for the development of new asthma cases in adults with allergic rhinitis. | yes |
18,436,294 | Is soy consumption a risk factor for peanut sensitization? | {
"contexts": [
"A recent cohort study suggested that intake of soy milk or soy formula was associated with peanut allergy. If this finding is confirmed, it suggests an avenue for modification of diet as a peanut allergy prevention strategy.",
"To investigate the relationship between soy consumption and peanu... | The association between soy consumption and peanut sensitization is not causal but merely a result of preferential use of soy milk in infants with a personal or family history of cow's milk allergy. Future studies should take the confounding effects related to dietary modifications by parents into account when investig... | no |
18,427,150 | Are higher doses of lenalidomide associated with unacceptable toxicity including life-threatening tumor flare in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Lenalidomide is a novel therapeutic agent with uncertain mechanism of action that is clinically active in myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and multiple myeloma (MM). Application of high (MM) and low (MDS) doses of lenalidomide has been reported to have clinical activity in CLL. Herein, we highlight... | Lenalidomide administered at 25 mg/d in relapsed CLL is associated with unacceptable toxicity; the rapid onset and adverse clinical effects of tumor flare represent a significant limitation of lenalidomide use in CLL at this dose. Drug-associated B-cell activation may contribute to this adverse event. Future studies wi... | yes |
18,439,505 | Is postoperative peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells promoted by carbon-dioxide pneumoperitoneum at low intraperitoneal pressure in a syngenic mouse laparoscopic model with controlled respiratory support : a pilot study? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate postoperative peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells in a syngenic mouse model with and without controlled respiratory support (CRS).",
"Randomized controlled trial (Canadian Task Force classification I).",
"Academic facility.",
"Sixty-four female C57BJ6 mice.... | Postoperative peritoneal dissemination of ovarian cancer cells is not promoted by a carbon-dioxide pneumoperitoneum with a low IPP in a mouse model with CRS when assessed on postoperative day 14. | no |
18,419,482 | Is moxifloxacin monotherapy effective in hospitalized patients with community-acquired pneumonia : the MOTIV study -- a randomized clinical trial? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to show that sequential intravenous and oral moxifloxacin monotherapy (400 mg once per day) is as efficacious and safe as a combination regimen (intravenous ceftriaxone, 2 g once per day, plus sequential intravenous and oral levofloxacin, 500 mg twice per day) in patient... | Monotherapy with sequential intravenous/oral moxifloxacin was noninferior to treatment with ceftriaxone plus levofloxacin combination therapy in patients with community-acquired pneumonia who required hospitalization. | yes |
18,422,809 | Is iron supplementation of iron-replete Indonesian infants associated with reduced weight-for-age? | {
"contexts": [
"General iron supplementation to prevent iron deficiency in infants who are iron sufficient when starting supplementation may adversely affect their health.",
"A secondary analysis to explore the effect of iron supplementation on iron-replete (IR; Hb > or =113 g/L and S-ferritin > or =33 micro... | In our study, iron supplementation of IR infants affected WAZ adversely, whereas iron supplementation to non-iron-replete infants did not affect growth. These results support a cautious approach to iron supplementation of IR infants. | yes |
18,419,722 | Does ketamine block enhancement of spinal long-term potentiation in chronic opioid treated rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Long-term opioid treatment is associated with the development of hyperalgesia. In a rat model we wanted to study if chronic opioid treatment changed the induction and maintenance of spinal long-term potentiation (LTP), a form of hyperexcitability in the spinal cord. We also wanted to investigate ... | Our results indicate that animals treated with long-term opioid show amplification of stimulus-induced central sensitisation compared to opioid naïve animals. Ketamine inhibited the morphine-induced enhancement of LTP, supporting the role of ketamine in prevention of opioid induced hyperalgesia. | yes |
18,441,175 | Does lack of inducible nitric oxide synthases attenuate leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in retinal microcirculation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of inducible nitric oxide synthases (iNOS) on inflammatory reactions during endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) in mice by studying leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions.",
"EIU was produced in immunosuppressed iNOS(-/-) mice and C57BL/6 (normal) mice by footpad inject... | A lack of iNOS suppresses leukocyte-endothelial cell interactions in the retinas of mice with EIU. This suggests that iNOS may play a role in the management of patients with uveitis and other inflammatory conditions. | yes |
18,441,176 | Do circulating fibrocytes contribute to the myofibroblast population in proliferative vitreoretinopathy epiretinal membranes? | {
"contexts": [
"Fibrocytes, circulating cells that co-express markers of haematopoietic stem cells, leucocytes and fibroblast products, traffic to sites of tissue injury, differentiate into myofibroblasts and contribute to wound healing and fibrosis. We investigated the presence of fibrocytes and the expression ... | Circulating fibrocytes may function as precursors of myofibroblasts in PVR membranes. | yes |
18,424,895 | Does organic elemental composition in fingernail plates vary between sexes and changes with increasing age in healthy humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Keratin, an alpha-helical fibrous protein, is the primary component of human nail plates. No data on age-related changes in healthy subjects are present.",
"This study investigated whether keratin amount and composition, as indicated by organic elemental composition of fingernails, varies wit... | Results suggest that the N/S ratio is indicative of sex differences and the C/N ratio of aging in healthy humans. The increasing carbon content with ongoing age could be explained by loss of inorganic material from the nails, followed by a subsequent increase of organic material. The increasing C/N ratio gives evidence... | yes |
18,427,203 | Does insulin resistance predict endothelial dysfunction and cardiovascular risk in HIV-infected persons on long-term highly active antiretroviral therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular disease risk among persons with HIV is likely multifactorial, thus testing a variety of available noninvasive vascular ultrasound and other surrogate tests may yield differing results. To address this issue, we assessed multiple metabolic and clinical predictors of endothelial func... | In this HIV cohort on modern highly active antiretroviral therapy with well controlled HIV, there were no significant differences with regard to preclinical markers of cardiovascular disease. Insulin resistance was a strong predictor of impaired brachial artery flow-mediated vasodilation and increased carotid intima-me... | yes |
18,426,865 | Is activation of estrogen receptor crucial for resveratrol-stimulating muscular glucose uptake via both insulin-dependent and -independent pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Estradiol (E(2)) is known to modulate insulin sensitivity and, consequently, glucose homeostasis. Resveratrol (RSV), an agonist of estrogen receptor (ER), has exerted antihyperglycemic effects in streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetic rats in our previous study and was also shown to improve insul... | Collectively, these results indicate that ER is a key regulator in RSV-stimulating insulin-dependent and -independent glucose uptake, which might account for the protective effects of RSV on diet-induced insulin resistance syndrome. | yes |
18,426,864 | Does blockade of alpha4 integrin signaling ameliorate the metabolic consequences of high-fat diet-induced obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Many prevalent diseases of advanced societies, such as obesity-induced type 2 diabetes, are linked to indolent mononuclear cell-dependent inflammation. We previously proposed that blockade of alpha4 integrin signaling can inhibit inflammation while limiting mechanism-based toxicities of loss of a... | Alpha4 integrins contribute to the development of HFD-induced insulin resistance by mediating the trafficking of monocytes into adipose tissue; hence, blockade of alpha4 integrin signaling can prevent the development of obesity-induced insulin resistance. | yes |
18,416,834 | Do heterologous microarray experiments allow the identification of the early events associated with potato tuber cold sweetening? | {
"contexts": [
"Since its discovery more than 100 years ago, potato (Solanum tuberosum) tuber cold-induced sweetening (CIS) has been extensively investigated. Several carbohydrate-associated genes would seem to be involved in the process. However, many uncertainties still exist, as the relative contribution of e... | Our Global Match File strategy proved critical for accurately interpretating heterologous datasets, and suggests that similar approaches may be fruitful for other species. Transcript profiling of early events associated with CIS revealed a complex network of events involving sugars, redox and hormone signalling which m... | yes |
18,416,972 | Are orbital and cranial nerve presentations and sequelae hallmarks of invasive fungal sinusitis caused by Mucor in contrast to Aspergillus? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute fulminant invasive fungal sinusitis (IFS) is a rapidly progressing, destructive process almost exclusively affecting immunocompromised patients. Outcome differences have been found in patients with Mucor and Aspergillus. We performed this study to compare the presenting symptoms and long-te... | Patients with acute fulminant IFS present with similar sinus symptoms; however, there is a trend toward a greater prevalence of orbital and neurological symptoms in patients with Mucor versus Aspergillus. Long-term orbital and neurological morbidity is more prevalent in patients with Mucor compared with Aspergillus. Th... | yes |
18,436,805 | Is alpha2-antiplasmin a critical regulator of angiotensin II-mediated vascular remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Alpha2-antiplasmin (alpha2-AP) is the major circulating inhibitor of plasmin, which plays a determining role in the regulation of intravascular fibrinolysis. We investigated the role of alpha(2)-AP on vascular remodeling in response to angiotensin II (Ang II).",
"alpha2-AP-deficient mice were... | The results show that alpha2-AP is a critical regulator for vascular remodeling by inhibiting p53/p21 pathway, suggesting that alpha2-AP is proposed to be a potential therapeutic target for vascular remodeling. | yes |
18,421,094 | Are blood levels of vitamin C , carotenoids and retinol inversely associated with cataract in a North Indian population? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the association of blood antioxidants with cataract.",
"Cross-sectional study of people aged >or=50 years identified from a household enumeration of 11 randomly sampled villages in North India. Participants were interviewed for putative risk factors (tobacco, alcohol, biomass fuel ... | Inverse associations were found between cataract and blood antioxidants in an antioxidant-depleted study sample. | yes |
18,422,938 | Do lactobacilli antagonize biological effects of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effect of two lactobacilli on the biological activity of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) in vitro.",
"Strains CIDCA 133 (Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis) and CIDCA 83114 (Lactobacillus plantarum) were studied. Hep-2 cells were used as an in vitro model to asse... | Our results suggest that lactobacilli are antagonizing virulence mechanisms of EHEC either by modification of the microenvironment or by interfering with the signalling cascades triggered by the pathogen. | yes |
18,422,937 | Is the efficacy of the inorganic copper-based biocide CuWB50 compromised by hard water? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to explain the unexpected failure of the inorganic copper-based biocide CuWB50 to effectively decontaminate microfibre cleaning cloths that became contaminated with Acinetobacter lwoffii.",
"CuWB50 was diluted using distilled water or tap water obtained from two different ICUs. Micr... | Hard water adversely affects the biocidal efficacy of CuWB50. | yes |
18,419,549 | Are specific enfuvirtide-associated mutational pathways in HIV-1 Gp41 significantly correlated with an increase in CD4 ( + ) cell count , despite virological failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) gp41 is a crucial determinant for HIV-1 pathogenicity. We investigated the correlation of enfuvirtide (ENF)-associated gp41 mutational clusters with viroimmunological parameters, as well as the potential underlying mechanisms.",
"A total of 172 gp41... | Specific gp41 mutational clusters associated with ENF treatment significantly correlate with increases in CD4(+) cell count. Structural analysis suggests that this immunological gain is associated with mechanisms that act at both the protein level and the RNA level (even under conditions of virological failure). This r... | yes |
18,438,814 | Does the pattern of response to anti-interleukin-1 treatment distinguish two subsets of patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the clinical response to interleukin-1 (IL-1) blockade and in vitro IL-1beta and IL-18 secretion in patients with systemic-onset juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA).",
"Twenty-two patients with systemic-onset JIA were treated with the IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra) anakinra. Mono... | Two subsets of systemic-onset JIA can be identified according to patient response to IL-1 blockade. The 2 subsets appear to be characterized by some distinct clinical features. In vitro secretion of IL-1beta and IL-18 by monocytes from patients with systemic-onset JIA is not increased and is independent of both treatme... | yes |
18,416,830 | Does the Retinoic Acid Receptor-alpha mediate human T-cell activation and Th2 cytokine and chemokine production? | {
"contexts": [
"We have recently demonstrated that all-trans-retinoic acid (ATRA) and 9-cis-retinoic acid (9-cis RA) promote IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13 synthesis, while decreasing IFN-gamma and TNF-alpha expression by activated human T cells and reduces the synthesis of IL-12p70 from accessory cells. Here, we have dem... | These results strongly support a role for RAR-alpha engagement in the regulation of genes and proteins involved with human T cell activation and type 2 cytokine production. | yes |
18,414,629 | Does developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls influence stroke outcome in adult rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The \"developmental origins of adult disease\" hypothesis was originally derived from evidence linking low birth weight to cardiovascular diseases including stroke. Subsequently, it has been expanded to include developmental exposures to environmental contaminants as risk factors for adult onset ... | Our data provide proof of principle that developmental exposures to environmental contaminants influence the response of the adult brain to ischemic injury and thus represent potentially important determinants of stroke susceptibility. | yes |
18,414,623 | Does transformation of human urothelial cells ( UROtsa ) by as and cd induce the expression of keratin 6a? | {
"contexts": [
"Cadmium and arsenite can directly and malignantly transform the UROtsa cell line. The tumor heterotransplants produced from these transformed cells have histologic features consistent with human bladder cancer. Previous microarray analysis of total RNA from the parental and transformed cells sugg... | Our present studies suggest that keratin 6a expression may be a biomarker for malignant urothelial cells that possess an activated EGF and or insulin growth factor pathway. | yes |
18,433,677 | Does ultrasonographic guidance improve the success rate of interscalene brachial plexus blockade? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of ultrasonography in regional anesthetic blocks has rapidly evolved over the past few years. It has been speculated that ultrasound guidance might increase success rates and reduce complications. The aim of our study is to compare the success rate and quality of interscalene brachial ple... | The use of ultrasound to guide needle placement and monitor the spread of local anesthetic improves the success rate of interscalene brachial plexus block. | yes |
18,413,843 | Does dopamine increase the efficacy of anticancer drugs in breast and colon cancer preclinical models? | {
"contexts": [
"Because neurotransmitter dopamine inhibits vascular permeability factor/vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-induced angiogenesis and as anti-VEGF agents act synergistically with anticancer drugs, we therefore investigated whether dopamine can increase the efficacies of these drugs.",
"T... | Our study shows that dopamine significantly enhances the efficacies of commonly used anticancer drugs and also indicates that an inexpensive drug like dopamine, which is being extensively used in the clinics, might have a role as an antiangiogenic agent for the treatment of breast and colon cancer. | yes |
18,423,007 | Does the IBR5 phosphatase promote Arabidopsis auxin responses through a novel mechanism distinct from TIR1-mediated repressor degradation? | {
"contexts": [
"In Arabidopsis, INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID RESPONSE5 (IBR5), a putative dual-specificity protein phosphatase, is a positive regulator of auxin response. Mutations in IBR5 result in decreased plant height, defective vascular development, increased leaf serration, fewer lateral roots, and resistance to ... | Our genetic and molecular evidence suggests that IBR5 is a phosphatase that promotes auxin responses, including auxin-inducible transcription, differently than the TIR1 auxin receptor and without destabilizing Aux/IAA repressor proteins. Our data are consistent with the possibility that auxin-responsive transcription c... | yes |
18,426,604 | Does dNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit modulate the stability of c-Myc oncoprotein? | {
"contexts": [
"C-Myc is a short-lived oncoprotein that is destroyed by ubiquitin-mediated proteolysis. Dysregulated accumulation of c-Myc commonly occurs in human cancers. Some of those cases with the dysregulated c-Myc protein accumulation are attributed to gene amplification or increased mRNA expression. Howe... | A suitable DNA-PKcs level in cells is necessary for maintaining genomic stability, while abnormal overexpression of DNA-PKcs may contribute to cell proliferation and even oncogenic transformation by stabilizing the c-Myc oncoprotein via at least the Akt/GSK3 pathway. Our results suggest DNA-PKcs a novel biological role... | yes |
18,413,828 | Do urinary biomarkers predict brain tumor presence and response to therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"A major difficulty in treating brain tumors is the lack of effective methods of identifying novel or recurrent disease. In this study, we have evaluated the efficacy of urinary matrix metalloproteinases (MMP) as diagnostic biomarkers for brain tumors.",
"Urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and tissue... | We report, for the first time, the identification of a panel of urinary biomarkers that predicts the presence of brain tumors. These biomarkers correlate with presence of disease, decrease with treatment, and can be tracked from source tissue to urine. These data support the hypothesis that urinary MMPs and associated ... | yes |
18,414,135 | Does brain hyperthermia after traumatic brain injury reduce brain oxygen? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperthermia can exacerbate outcome after traumatic brain injury (TBI). In this study, we examined the relationship between brain temperature (BT) and core body temperature and the relationship between BT and brain tissue oxygen (BtO2) to determine whether hyperthermia adversely affects BtO2.",
... | In this clinical study, hyperthermia does not seem to reduce BtO2 or increase the number of episodes of brain tissue hypoxia in patients with severe TBI. These results suggest that hyperthermia may worsen outcome after TBI through mechanisms that may be separate from compromised brain oxygen. | no |
18,422,446 | Is ascaris lumbricoides-induced interleukin-10 associated with atopy in schoolchildren in a rural area of the tropics? | {
"contexts": [
"In areas where intestinal helminth infections are endemic, infections by these parasites may protect against skin test-measured reactivity to allergens, and it has been suggested that interleukin (IL)-10 may mediate this effect. This study investigated whether IL-10 and populations of IL-10+ T ce... | The results of this study do not support the notion that IL-10 plays a role in modulating atopy in children living in a tropical area where intestinal helminth infections are endemic. | no |
18,422,444 | Do oseltamivir prophylactic regimens prevent H5N1 influenza morbidity and mortality in a ferret model? | {
"contexts": [
"Current oseltamivir prophylactic regimens may not be as effective against highly pathogenic H5N1 influenza viruses as they are against less pathogenic strains. An optimal regimen is urgently needed.",
"Ferrets were given the neuraminidase inhibitor oseltamivir orally for 10 days (5 or 10 mg/k... | An increased dose of oseltamivir or twice-daily administration effectively protects ferrets against morbidity and mortality caused by H5N1 infection and does not interfere with the development of protective antibodies against subsequent H5N1 infection. | yes |
18,423,716 | Is surgeon experience strongly associated with biochemical recurrence after radical prostatectomy for all preoperative risk categories? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously reported that there is a learning curve for open radical prostatectomy. In the current study we determined whether the effects of the learning curve are modified by patient risk, as defined by preoperative tumor characteristics.",
"The study included 7,683 eligible patients... | Cancer control after radical prostatectomy improves with increasing surgeon experience irrespective of patient risk. Excellent rates of cancer control in patients with low risk disease treated by the most experienced surgeons suggest that the primary reason that recurrence develops in such patients is inadequate surgic... | yes |
18,421,270 | Is gLP-1 ( 9-36 ) amide , cleavage product of GLP-1 ( 7-36 ) amide , a glucoregulatory peptide? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) (7-36) amide is a glucoregulatory hormone with insulinotropic and insulinomimetic actions. We determined whether the insulinomimetic effects of GLP-1 are mediated through its principal metabolite, GLP-1 (9-36) amide (GLP-1m).",
"Glucose turnover during two, 2-h... | We conclude that GLP-1m potently inhibits HGP and is a weak insulinotropic agent. These properties are particularly apparent and pronounced in obese but only become apparent in lean subjects during GLP-1 (7-36) receptor blockade. These previously unrecognized antidiabetogenic actions of GLP-1m may have therapeutic usef... | yes |
18,411,002 | Does small molecular inhibitor of transforming growth factor-beta protect against development of radiation-induced lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether an anti-transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) type 1 receptor inhibitor (SM16) can prevent radiation-induced lung injury.",
"One fraction of 28 Gy or sham radiotherapy (RT) was administered to the right hemithorax of Sprague-Dawley rats. SM16 was administered in the ... | SM16 at a dose of 0.15 g/kg reduced functional lung damage, morphologic changes, inflammatory response, and activation of TGF-beta at 26 weeks after RT. The data suggest a dose response and also suggest the superiority of long-term vs. short-term dosing. | yes |
18,411,004 | Does low-dose radiation potentiate the therapeutic efficacy of folate receptor-targeted hapten therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Human cancers frequently overexpress a high-affinity cell-surface receptor for the vitamin folic acid. Highly immunogenic haptens can be targeted to folate receptor-expressing cell surfaces by administration of folate-hapten conjugates, rendering the decorated tumor cell surfaces more recognizabl... | These results suggest that simultaneous treatment with FTHI and radiation therapy can enhance systemic antitumor activity in tumor-bearing mice. | yes |
18,439,598 | Is twin pregnancy , contrary to consensus , a desirable outcome in infertility? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the worldwide consensus that twin pregnancy after fertility treatment represents an adverse outcome to be avoided is correct.",
"Literature search via PubMed and MEDLINE, going back to 1990.",
"Academically affiliated private fertility center.",
"Mothers and offsp... | For infertile patients who want more than one child, twin deliveries represent a favorable and cost-effective treatment outcome that should be encouraged, in contrast to the current medical consensus. | yes |
18,440,625 | Does dust mite exposure modify the effect of functional IL10 polymorphisms on allergy and asthma exacerbations? | {
"contexts": [
"The allergenicity of dust mite exposure might be dependent on variants in the gene for IL-10 (IL10).",
"To evaluate whether dust mite exposure modifies the effect of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in IL10 on allergy and asthma exacerbations.",
"We genotyped 6 SNPs in IL10 in 417 C... | Our findings suggest that dust mite allergen levels modify the effect of IL10 SNPs on allergy and asthma exacerbations and may partly explain conflicting findings in this field. | yes |
18,440,621 | Is a polymorphic variant of the endoglin gene associated with increased risk for intracranial aneurysms in a Korean population? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoglin is a component of the transforming growth factor-beta receptor complex and is predominantly expressed on the cell surface of endothelial cells. It plays an important role in vascular growth and development. There have been conflicting reports on whether a polymorphic variant, in the endo... | The rs1800956 (G/C transversion with D366H substitution, National Center for Biotechnology Information SNP database) of endoglin may play an important role in the pathogenesis of IAs in the Korean population. However, the in/del of intron 7 was not associated with an increased risk for IAs, which is consistent with the... | yes |
18,410,652 | Does delayed umbilical cord clamping at birth have effects on arterial and venous blood gases and lactate concentrations? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate the influence of delayed umbilical cord clamping at birth on arterial and venous umbilical cord blood gases, bicarbonate (HCO3-), base excess (BE) and lactate in vigorous newborns.",
"University hospital.",
"Prospective observational.",
"Vaginally delivered term newborns."... | Persistent cord pulsations and delayed cord clamping at birth result in significantly different measured values of cord blood acid-base parameters. | yes |
18,434,496 | Does new onset depression following myocardial infarction predict cardiac mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies investigating the effects of depression on mortality following myocardial infarction (MI) have produced heterogeneous findings. We report on a study investigating whether the timing of the onset of depression, with regard to the MI, affected its impact on subsequent cardiac mortality.",
... | We have shown increased cardiac mortality in patients who develop depression after suffering MI. Further observational studies need to separate pre- and post-MI depression if we are to determine underlying mechanisms by which depression is associated with mortality following MI. | yes |
18,413,212 | Is tNF-alpha an independent serum marker for proliferative retinopathy in type 1 diabetic patients? | {
"contexts": [
"This study aimed to determine if there are any associations between serum levels of inflammatory markers and proliferative retinopathy (PDR) in type 1 diabetic patients.",
"A cross-sectional design was utilized for this study.",
"One hundred twenty-eight type 1 diabetic patients underwent... | The association between TNF-alpha and PDR in type 1 diabetic patients suggests that inflammation might play a role in the pathogenesis of proliferative diabetic retinopathy. | yes |
18,439,683 | Do cisplatin and dimethyl sulfoxide react to form an adducted compound with reduced cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity? | {
"contexts": [
"We present work that demonstrates that cisplatin reacts rapidly with dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) in solution and identify the structure and reactivity of the resulting compound.",
"Electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS) and NMR were used to identify the chemical structure of compoun... | From this work, we conclude that dissolving cisplatin in DMSO results in formation of an adducted compound with different therapeutic and biological characteristics. Furthermore, future studies which propose using DMSO in combination with cisplatin for chemotherapeutic treatment in patients must be reconsidered. Due to... | yes |
18,440,755 | Are intra-abdominal fat and metabolic syndrome associated with larger infrarenal aortic diameters in patients with clinically evident arterial disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Abdominal obesity and its associated metabolic consequences are major determinants for the development of vascular disease. Fat tissue close to arteries may also directly affect atherogenesis. The study examined whether intra-abdominal fat accumulation is an independent determinant of infrarenal ... | Intra-abdominal fat accumulation and metabolic syndrome are associated with larger infrarenal aortic diameters in patients with clinically evident arterial disease. These data may indicate a role for intra-abdominal fat in the development of larger aortic diameters. | yes |
18,432,587 | Do hemodialysis dialyzers contribute to contamination of air microemboli that bypass the alarm system in the air trap? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have shown that micrometer-sized air bubbles are introduced into the patient during hemodialysis. The aim of this study was to investigate, in vitro, the influence of dialysis filters on the generation of air bubbles.",
"Three different kind of dialyzers were tested: one high... | Data indicate that the air trap does not prevent air microemboli from entering the venous outlet part of the dialysis tubing (entry to the patient). More extended priming of the dialysis circuit may reduce the extent of microemboli that originate from dialysis filters. A wet filter may be favorable instead of dry-steam... | yes |
18,434,751 | Are serum levels of the advanced glycation end products Nepsilon-carboxymethyllysine and pentosidine influenced by treatment with the angiotensin receptor II type 1 blocker irbesartan in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy and hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this post-hoc analysis of a prospective study in patients with type 2 diabetic nephropathy was to investigate whether treatment with the angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker irbesartan leads to a reduction in the serum levels of the advanced glycation end products (AGEs) pentosidine ... | Irbesartan did not alter the increase in pentosidine and CML in serum of type 2 diabetic patients with progressive nephropathy. This finding suggests that angiotensin receptor blockade alone is insufficient to reduce serum levels of AGEs in diabetic nephropathy. | no |
18,439,846 | Are iL-1 and iNOS gene expression and NO synthesis in the superior region of meniscal explants dependent on the magnitude of compressive strains? | {
"contexts": [
"Partial meniscectomy is known to cause osteoarthritis (OA) of the underlying cartilage as well as alter the load on the remaining meniscus. Removal of 30-60% of the medial meniscus increases compressive strains from a maximum of approximately 10% to almost 20%. The goal of this study is to determ... | These data suggest that meniscectomies which reduce the surface area of the meniscus by 30-60% will increase the catabolic activity of the meniscus which may contribute to the progression of OA. | yes |
18,433,297 | Is bone formation during distraction osteogenesis dependent on both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is characterized by the induction of highly vascularized new bone formation through an intramembranous process largely devoid of the formation of cartilage.",
"To test the hypothesis that DO is strictly dependent on vascualrization, we inhibited vascular endothel... | Both VEGFR1 and VEGFR2 are functionally essential in blood vessel and bone formation during DO and are needed to promote osteogenic over chondrogenic lineage progression. | yes |
18,433,848 | Is gain of the 3q26 region in cervicovaginal liquid-based pap preparations associated with squamous intraepithelial lesions and squamous cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Chromosomal aberrations have been documented in cervical carcinomas, especially chromosome 3q. The human telomerase RNA gene (hTERC) is located in the chromosome 3q26 region, and its product, telomerase, is involved in the maintenance of chromosome length and stability. Upregulation of telomerase... | FISH can be performed on cervicovaginal liquid-based preparations to detect gain of 3q26. Gain of 3q26 is associated with HSIL and SCCA. This test may be an adjunct to cytology screening, especially high-risk patients. | yes |
18,410,348 | Does intravenous iron attenuate postvaccination anti-HBsAg titres after quadruple hepatitis B vaccination in dialysis patients with erythropoietin therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Anaemia in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is commonly treated with recombinant human erythropoietin (rHuEPO), often in combination with an adjuvant iron supplement. There is much evidence that rHuEPO can influence the immune response by its effect on lymphocytes. Also, iron catalyse... | The levels of anti-HBsAg after hepatitis B vaccination are positively correlated with the dose of rHuEPO treatment during the vaccinated period among ESRD patients without i.v. iron supplementation. Also, i.v. iron negatively impacts the responsiveness of anti-HBsAg titre after hepatitis B vaccination in ESRD patients ... | yes |
18,433,507 | Is rex1/Zfp42 dispensable for pluripotency in mouse ES cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Rex1/Zfp42 has been extensively used as a marker for the undifferentiated state of pluripotent stem cells. However, its function in pluripotent stem cells including embryonic stem (ES) cells remained unclear although its involvement in visceral endoderm differentiation in F9 embryonal carcinoma (... | Rex1 should be regarded just as a marker of pluripotency without functional significance like the activity of alkaline phosphatase. | yes |
18,421,000 | Does acute elevation of plasma PLTP activity strongly increase pre-existing atherosclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"A transgenic mouse model was generated that allows conditional expression of human PLTP, based on the tetracycline-responsive gene system, to study the effects of an acute increase in plasma PLTP activity as may occur in inflammation.",
"The effects of an acute elevation of plasma PLTP activi... | In conclusion, acute elevation of PLTP activity destabilizes atherosclerotic lesions and aggravates pre-existing atherosclerosis. | yes |
18,414,395 | Do oxidative stress and COX cause hyper-responsiveness in vascular smooth muscle of the femoral artery from diabetic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the dysfunction of vascular smooth muscle in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats.",
"Rings without endothelium of femoral arteries were suspended in organ chambers for isometric tension recording. The production of oxygen-derived free radicals was measured with 2',7'-dichlorod... | Chronic diabetes and the resulting increased oxidative stress activate the production of COX-derived vasoconstrictor prostanoids causing hypersensitivity of vascular smooth muscle. | yes |
18,414,393 | Do standard antiepileptic drugs fail to block epileptiform activity in rat organotypic hippocampal slice cultures? | {
"contexts": [
"Earlier studies had demonstrated that tonic-clonic seizure-like events (SLEs) resembling electrographic correlates of limbic seizures in animals and humans can be induced in organotypic hippocampal slice cultures (OHSCs). We have explored OHSCs for their suitability to serve as in vitro models of... | We present a simple to establish in vitro model of tonic-clonic SLEs that is a priori pharmacoresistant and thus has an advantage over animal models of pharmacoresistant seizures in which responders and non-responders can be sorted out only after an experiment. OHSCs could be suitable for exploring mechanisms of pharma... | yes |
18,414,390 | Does chronic heart rate reduction by ivabradine prevent endothelial dysfunction in dyslipidaemic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"High resting heart rate is a predictor for total and cardiovascular mortality independent of other risk factors in patients with coronary artery disease. We tested the hypothesis that a reduction of resting heart rate with the cardiac pacemaker I(f) current inhibitor ivabradine prevents the endot... | Selective heart rate reduction with ivabradine limits cardiac dysfunction and prevents the renovascular and cerebrovascular endothelial dysfunction associated with dyslipidaemia. | yes |
18,414,391 | Is bone morphogenetic protein signalling required for the anti-mitogenic effect of the proteasome inhibitor MG-132 on colon cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Inhibition of proteasome has been emerging as a promising approach in pathway-directed cancer therapy. Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signalling, which is known to be regulated by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway in osteoblasts, plays a crucial role in the suppression of gastrointestinal carcin... | These findings suggest that inhibition of proteasome suppresses the proliferation of colon cancer cells via activation of BMP signalling. They also demonstrate a novel aspect of proteasome function in the regulation of colon cancer cell proliferation. | yes |
18,422,700 | Does triiodothyronine stimulate hepatocyte proliferation in two models of impaired liver regeneration? | {
"contexts": [
"Liver regeneration is attenuated in old age and is substantially slower after 90% than after 70% partial hepatectomy (PH). We have previously demonstrated that the proliferative response to a primary mitogen is intact in aged mice, indicating that impaired liver regeneration is not due to loss of... | These findings show in principle that mitogen-induced hyperplasia could be applied to human therapy in patients with reduced regenerative capacity or massive loss of hepatocytes. | yes |
18,422,701 | Do human adipose tissue stromal vascular fraction cells differentiate depending on distinct types of media? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiogenesis, the process of formation of blood vessels, is essential for many physiological as well as pathological processes. It has been shown that human adipose tissue contains a population of non-characterized cells, called stromal-vascular fraction (SVF) cells, which are able to differentia... | Here, we show that differentiation of SVF cells to endothelial cells or adipocyte-like cells depended on the medium used. Our work provides a clear model for analysing the differentiation capacity of SVF cells. | yes |
18,422,702 | Is ratio of Wnt3a to BMP4 doses critical to their synergistic effects on proliferation of differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate potential interactions between bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) and Wnt signalling on differentiating mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC).",
"Mouse embryonic stem cells were cultured with differing combinations of Wnt3a, BMP4 and inhibitors of Wnt, BMP, PI-3K (phosphoinositide 3-... | Relative ratio of Wnt3a to BMP4 doses is critical to their synergistic effect on differentiating mESC proliferation, which may work through PI-3K, p38, ERK1/2 and JNK pathways. | yes |
18,436,817 | Is inflammatory corneal ( lymph ) angiogenesis blocked by VEGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitor ZK 261991 , resulting in improved graft survival after corneal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze whether tyrosine kinase inhibitors blocking VEGF receptors (PTK787/ZK222584 [PTK/ZK] and ZK261991 [ZK991]) can inhibit not only hemangiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis and whether treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors after corneal transplantation can improve graft survival.",
... | Tyrosine kinase inhibitors blocking VEGF receptors are potent inhibitors not only of inflammatory corneal hemangiogenesis but also lymphangiogenesis in vivo. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors seem to have the ability to restrain the formation of the afferent and efferent arm of the immune reflex arc and are therefore able to ... | yes |
18,421,708 | Does creatine monohydrate attenuate body fat accumulation in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia during maintenance chemotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Corticosteroids are an important component of the treatment of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), with known significantly negative effects on bone and muscle. Creatine monohydrate (CrM) supplementation may be an adjunctive therapeutic strategy to attenuate some of these adverse effects.",
"... | Children with ALL treated with corticosteroids as part of a maintenance protocol of chemotherapy showed an increase in % BF that was attenuated by CrM supplementation. | yes |
18,422,989 | Does topical application of statin affect bone healing around implants? | {
"contexts": [
"3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) are widely used for hyperlipidemia. Recent studies demonstrate that statins stimulate bone morphogenetic protein-2 expression and lead to bone formation. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the topical application of s... | Our histomorphometrical and mechanical evaluations revealed the positive effect of topically applied fluvastatin on the bone around the implant. | yes |
18,419,894 | Is smoking behavior among former tuberculosis patients in Indonesia : intervention needed? | {
"contexts": [
"Five lung clinics in Jogjakarta Province, Indonesia.",
"To document smoking patterns among tuberculosis (TB) patients before diagnosis and following treatment, to identify smoking-related messages given by health professionals and DOTS providers and to identify predictors of smoking relapse."... | Physicians and DOTS providers should be actively involved in smoking cessation activities among TB and ex-TB patients. Based on these data, the Quit Tobacco Indonesia Project is mounting a pilot intervention to train DOTS providers, who are mostly family members of patients, to deliver smoking cessation messages and re... | yes |
18,413,008 | Are arterial blood gas derangement and level of comorbidity predictors of long-term mortality of COPD patients treated with mechanical ventilation? | {
"contexts": [
"Limited and inconsistent data exist on simple, readily available predictors of long-term mortality of critically ill chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients requiring invasive mechanical ventilation. We therefore examined the influence of arterial blood gas derangement and burden of comorb... | Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients treated with invasive mechanical ventilation have substantial long-term mortality. Neither the levels of arterial blood gas values measured immediately before invasive mechanical ventilation was initiated nor the burden of comorbidity were strong determinants of long-term ... | no |
18,435,790 | Does interleukin-6 receptor superantagonist Sant7 inhibit TGF-beta-induced proliferation of human lung fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"Both interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta) are crucially involved in fibrotic events that characterize interstitial lung diseases (ILD). Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate in primary cultures of normal and fibrotic human lung fibroblasts (HLF), expos... | These findings suggest that, in HLFs derived from patients with ILDs, the proliferative mechanisms activated by TGF-beta1 are at least in part mediated by an increased release of IL-6, leading to phosphorylation-dependent MAPK activation. Such preliminary findings may thus open new therapeutic perspectives for fibrogen... | yes |
18,410,682 | Does extracellular heat shock protein 70 inhibit tumour necrosis factor-alpha induced proinflammatory mediator production in fibroblast-like synoviocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"It was recently suggested that heat shock protein (HSP)70, an intracellular protein, is a potential mediator of inflammatory disease when it is released into the extracellular compartment. Although elevated HSP70 levels have been identified in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) synovial tissues and RA syn... | Extracellular HSP70 has an anti-inflammatory effect on RA by downregulating production of IL-6, IL-8 and MCP-1 in fibroblast-like synoviocytes, which is mediated through inhibited activation of the MAPKs and NF-kappaB signal pathways. | yes |
18,419,441 | Does doxycycline treatment of Brugia malayi-infected persons reduce microfilaremia and adverse reactions after diethylcarbamazine and albendazole treatment? | {
"contexts": [
"The efficacy of doxycycline for treating the causal agent of human lymphatic filariasis, Brugia malayi, is unknown. Standard treatment with diethylcarbamazine-albendazole is associated with adverse reactions. We assessed whether doxycycline alone or in combination with diethylcarbamazine-albendaz... | A 6-week course of doxycycline, either alone or in combination with diethylcarbamazine-albendazole, leads to a decrease in microfilaremia and reduces adverse reactions to antifilarial treatment in B. malayi-infected persons. | yes |
18,416,823 | Do raisins and additional walking have distinct effects on plasma lipids and inflammatory cytokines? | {
"contexts": [
"Raisins are a significant source of dietary fiber and polyphenols, which may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk by affecting lipoprotein metabolism and inflammation. Walking represents a low intensity exercise intervention that may also reduce CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to dete... | This research shows that simple lifestyle modifications such as adding raisins to the diet or increasing steps walked have distinct beneficial effects on CVD risk. | yes |
18,422,865 | Is arterial blood lactate a useful guide to when rehabilitation should be instigated in COPD? | {
"contexts": [
"Systemic effects of COPD include skeletal muscle dysfunction; the lactate threshold (LT) is an index of such dysfunction. However, it is not feasible in daily clinical practice to accurately determine the LT in all patients with COPD. There is no simple, practical and non-invasive index for deter... | In daily clinical practice, a 0.5 mmol/L or greater increase in lactate from baseline to post-12-min walk test may be utilized as an index to determine when COPD patients should start rehabilitation, or to assess muscle alterations in the lower extremities in COPD patients undergoing rehabilitation. | yes |
18,440,344 | Does hypertensive response with exercise increase the prevalence of abnormal Tc-99m SPECT stress perfusion images? | {
"contexts": [
"Systemic hypertension and an exaggerated blood pressure (BP) response with exercise have been associated with 'false-positive' findings on stress electrocardiography and echocardiography; however, limited data is available for stress myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI). The purpose of this study w... | A hypertensive BP response to exercise is not associated with increased rates of ischemic ECG changes, higher-risk Duke treadmill scores, greater degrees of abnormal MPI or worse clinical outcome. | no |
18,440,347 | Does high-dose atorvastatin negatively influence clinical outcomes among clopidogrel treated acute coronary syndrome patients -- a Pravastatin or Atorvastatin Evaluation and Infection Therapy-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 22 ( PROVE IT-TIMI 22 ) analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Clopidogrel is inactive in vitro and is metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450-3A4 to produce active metabolites. Unlike pravastatin, atorvastatin is a statin that is subject to metabolism by cytochrome P-450-3A4, and drug-drug interactions with other potent inhibitors of this cytochrome system ... | In conclusion, the beneficial affects of atorvastatin 80 mg in reducing the primary end point at 2 years is independent of coadministration with clopidogrel. | no |
18,440,348 | Is left ventricular remodeling associated with the severity of mitral regurgitation after inaugural anterior myocardial infarction -- optimal timing for echocardiographic imaging? | {
"contexts": [
"Although mitral regurgitation (MR) has been associated with an increased risk of death and heart failure after myocardial infarction (MI), the relationship between post-MI MR and left ventricular (LV) remodeling has not been entirely clarified. In addition, the optimal timing for assessing MR aft... | After an inaugural anterior MI, MR is associated with LV remodeling and adverse clinical outcome. For prognostic purpose, the optimal timing for assessing MR is the chronic post-MI stage rather than the early post-MI period. | yes |
18,427,566 | Does selective activation of muscle and skin nociceptors trigger exaggerated sympathetic responses in spinal-injured subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Measurement of sympathetic effector organ responses to selective activation of muscle and skin nociceptors below lesion in spinal cord-injured (SCI) subjects.",
"To test whether selective noxious stimulation below lesion causes exaggerated sympathetic responses in human SCI.",
"Prince of ... | While hypertonic saline injected into muscle or skin induces strong pain, cutaneous vasoconstriction and sweat release in able-bodied subjects, we saw no evidence of exaggerated sympathoexcitation when these same noxious stimuli were delivered below lesion in subjects with SCI. This suggests that certain types of somat... | no |
18,421,087 | Are multiple gene polymorphisms in the complement factor h gene associated with exudative age-related macular degeneration in chinese? | {
"contexts": [
"Variants in the complement factor H (CFH) gene have been shown to be strongly associated with age-related macular degeneration (AMD). In this study, sequence alterations in CFH were investigated in 163 Chinese patients with exudative AMD and 155 unrelated Chinese control subjects.",
"All the ... | The findings support prior evidence that the CFH gene is one of the AMD-associated genes. There is a different distribution pattern of CFH variants in the Chinese compared with other populations. Individual SNP and haplotype analyses revealed that the ancient alleles at the 5' end of CFH contribute to an increased susc... | yes |
18,435,848 | Does use of the ThinPrep Imaging System alter the frequency of interpreting Papanicolaou tests as atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance? | {
"contexts": [
"Automated screening of Papanicolaou tests (Pap tests) improves the productivity of cytopathology laboratories. The ThinPrep Imaging System (TIS) has been widely adopted primarily for this reason for use on ThinPrep Pap tests (TPPT). However, TIS may also influence the interpretation of Pap tests,... | Use of the ThinPrep Imaging System did not appreciably change ASC-US rates or follow-up reflex HPV test results in our laboratory. This demonstrates that the benefits of automated screening may be obtained without increasing the rate of referral to colposcopy for ASC-US follow-up. | no |
18,424,953 | Does acoustic attenuation by contrast agent microbubbles in superficial tissue markedly diminish petechiae bioeffects in deep tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"To measure how ultrasound attenuation by contrast agent microbubbles (MBs) in superficial tissue affects petechiae creation in underlying deep tissue.",
"Studies using Sprague-Dawley rats were approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee. MBs were injected intravenously, and 12 ultrasound pu... | Acoustic attenuation by MBs in skin markedly reduces petechiae creation in deep muscle. Petechiae inhibition is dependent on [MB]2.1 and, therefore, dominates the otherwise proportional relationship between petechiae and [MB] in muscle. The drop of peak-negative pressure below a critical microvessel rupturing threshold... | yes |
18,415,767 | Are hand function tests important and sensitive tools for assessment of treatment response in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the usefulness of hand function measurements in a study of treatment effects of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) blockers and to define the relationship between different hand function tests and also relate hand function to general disability and disease activity.",
"The study group con... | Patients with advanced RA attained considerable improvement in hand function that was only partly reflected by measures of general disability and disease activity. Focused assessment of hand function is therefore important for optimal evaluation of treatment response. | yes |
18,427,229 | Are treatment expectancy and credibility associated with the outcome of both physical and cognitive-behavioral treatment in chronic low back pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients' initial beliefs about the success of a given pain treatment are shown to affect final treatment outcome. The Credibility/Expectancy Questionnaire (CEQ) has recently been developed as measure of treatment credibility and expectancy.",
"The objectives of this study were (1) to investi... | Although the associations found were low to modest, these results underscore the importance of expectancy and credibility for the outcome of different active interventions for CLBP and might contribute to the development of more effective treatments. | yes |
18,431,702 | Does [ Validity of information relevant to research in routine medication claim data from 2000 to 2006 ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Claims data of German statutory health insurance companies have been used increasingly over the last years for various research purposes. However, little is known about the validity of these data. Aim of this study was to analyse whether information relevant for research purposes is accurately re... | The accuracy of variables analysed in this study is very good for those which are immediately related to the flow of money in German out-patient medication claims data. Recording of dates of prescription and dispensing are fairly good quality. | yes |
18,438,809 | Does innovative web-based multimedia curriculum improve cardiac examination competency of residents? | {
"contexts": [
"Proper diagnosis of cardiac disorders is a core competency of internists. Yet numerous studies have documented that the cardiac examination (CE) skills of physicians have declined compared with those of previous generations of physicians, attributed variously to inadequate exposure to cardiac pat... | A Web-based interactive educational program with minimal hospitalist involvement led to significant improvement in CE competence and was better than clinical training alone. | yes |
18,415,909 | Does [ Recurrence of Crohn 's disease after surgery -- cause and risks ]? | {
"contexts": [
"In spite of the important role of conservative treatment, up to 90 % of all patients with Crohn's disease will undergo an operation during the course of their illness. Up to 50 % even need a second operation or further surgical procedures - with an increasing risk for perioperative complications.... | On the basis of defined risk factors, patients with a high risk for recurrence can be identified. This is very important because of the higher risk for complications caused by reoperations compared to primary procedures. That is why interdisciplinary cooperation including postoperative care and optimal conservative tre... | yes |
18,436,015 | Do hepatic macrophages promote the neutrophil-dependent resolution of fibrosis in repairing cholestatic rat livers? | {
"contexts": [
"Cholestatic liver injury from extrahepatic biliary obstruction is well characterized by inflammatory and fibrogenic mechanisms. Little is known, however, about mechanisms required to reverse injury and effect liver repair. We sought to determine the cellular and molecular requirements for repair ... | We conclude that the macrophage population is not directly involved in fibrotic liver repair. Rather, hepatic macrophages regulate the influx of neutrophils, which may play a direct role in matrix degradation. | yes |
18,431,278 | Does therapeutic hypothermia with a novel surface cooling device improve neurologic outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest in swine? | {
"contexts": [
"Devices for rapid induction of mild hypothermia after cardiac arrest are needed. We hypothesized that the Life Recovery Systems' ThermoSuit System provides effective core cooling by pumping ice water over the skin surface and improves neurologic outcome after prolonged cardiac arrest.",
"Pros... | The Life Recovery Systems' ThermoSuit System rapidly and safely induced mild therapeutic hypothermia. Hypothermia improved neurologic outcome in swine after cardiac arrest as compared with normothermia. Further studies are warranted to compare the device with established cooling methods. | yes |
18,431,273 | Does differential gene profiling in acute lung injury identify injury-specific gene expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Acute lung injury can result from distinct insults, such as sepsis, ischemia-reperfusion, and ventilator-induced lung injury. Physiologic and morphologic manifestations of disparate forms of injury are often indistinguishable. We sought to demonstrate that acute lung injury resulting from distinc... | These results demonstrate the application of functional genomics to the molecular "fingerprinting" of acute lung injury and the potential for decoupling biophysical from biochemical injury. | yes |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.