pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
18,410,936 | Are endometriosis of the ureter and bladder associated diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"To verify whether bladder and ureter endometriosis had the same clinical features and disease behavior.",
"Case-control study.",
"Multidisciplinary group in Sao Paulo, Brazil.",
"A total of 690 patients were submitted to laparoscopy with histologically diagnosis of endometriosis betwe... | Ureter endometriosis is not associated with the bladder disease; however, it is associated with advanced ASRM stages and with retrocervical and rectum-sigmoid lesions. | no |
18,427,228 | Do virtual reality pain control during burn wound debridement in the hydrotank? | {
"contexts": [
"Most burn-injured patients rate their pain during burn wound debridement as severe to excruciating. We explored the adjunctive use of water-friendly, immersive virtual reality (VR) to distract patients from their pain during burn wound debridement in the hydrotherapy tank (hydrotank).",
"This... | Results provide the first available evidence from a controlled study that immersive VR can be an effective nonpharmacologic pain reduction technique for burn patients experiencing severe to excruciating pain during wound care. The potential applications of VR analgesia to other painful procedures (eg, movement or exerc... | yes |
18,417,744 | Is greater epoetin alfa responsiveness associated with improved survival in hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Among hemodialysis patients, achieved hemoglobin is associated with Epoetin alfa dose and erythropoietin responsiveness. A prospective erythropoietin responsiveness measure was developed and its association with mortality evaluated.",
"Data from 321 participants were used and randomized to th... | Lower erythropoietin responsiveness is a strong, independent predictor of mortality risk and should be considered when evaluating associations between clinical outcomes and potential prognostic indicators, such as Epoetin alfa dose and achieved hemoglobin values. | yes |
18,417,742 | Does ascertainment and epidemiology of acute kidney injury vary with definition interpretation? | {
"contexts": [
"Differences in defining acute kidney injury (AKI) may impact incidence ascertainment. We assessed the effects of different AKI definition interpretation methods on epidemiology ascertainment.",
"Two groups were studied at Texas Children's Hospital, Houston, Texas: 150 critically ill children ... | AKI definition variation causes interstudy heterogeneity. AKI definition should be standardized so that results can be compared across studies. | yes |
18,435,455 | Does membrane-associated phospholipase A1 beta ( LIPI ) be an Ewing tumour-associated cancer/testis antigen? | {
"contexts": [
"Cancer/testis antigens (CTA) represent a heterogeneous group of antigens expressed nearly exclusively in tumour cells and testis. Recently, we identified phospholipase A1 beta (a CTA also known as lipase member I, LIPI) as a gene with high expression in Ewing family tumours (EFT). In the present ... | The human cancer/testis antigen LIPI is highly expressed in Ewing family tumours and can be easily detected by RT-PCR or quantitative RT-PCR. LIPI might be an interesting target for the development of future diagnostic tools or treatment strategies. | yes |
18,422,024 | Is ala54Thr polymorphism of the fatty acid-binding protein 2 gene ( intestinal-type FABP ) associated with changes in insulin sensitivity in SGA pubertal girls? | {
"contexts": [
"Associations between FABP2 Ala54Thr polymorphism and increased fasting insulin concentration, fasting fatty acid oxidation and reduced glucose uptake have been identified in several populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association of Ala54 Thr polymorphism of the FABP2 gene with... | Our results suggest that the Thr54 variant of the FABP2 gene could be associated with a synergic effect in the SGA group regarding higher leptin levels (p < 0.05), lower insulin sensitivity by WBISI (p < 0.05) and higher insulin secretion determined by higher insulinogenic index (p < 0.01), insulin AUC (p < 0.01) and b... | yes |
18,425,795 | Does use of enoxaparin result in more haemorrhagic complications after breast surgery than unfractionated heparin? | {
"contexts": [
"Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used in preference to unfractionated heparin (UFH) for the prevention of postoperative thromboembolism in many UK surgical units. There are, however, conflicting reports on the relative risk of significant bleeding in surgical patients, and no data exist in ... | LMWH thromboprophylaxis was associated with a significant increase in haemorrhagic complications after breast surgery compared with UFH. | yes |
18,415,747 | Does dietary alpha-ketoglutarate reduce gastrectomy-evoked loss of calvaria and trabecular bone in female rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Surgical removal of the stomach (gastrectomy, Gx) leads to osteopenia in animals and in humans. In the rat, Gx adversely affects calvaria and trabecular bone. alpha-Ketoglutarate (AKG) is a precursor of hydroxyproline--the most abundant amino acid in bone collagen. The purpose of this study was t... | Gx resulted in loss of calvarial, trabecular and cortical bone in the rat. AKG counteracted the effect of Gx on calvaria and trabecular bone but not on cortical bone. | yes |
18,427,133 | Does angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition improve vascular function in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"The excess in cardiovascular risk in patients with rheumatoid arthritis provides a strong rationale for early therapeutical interventions. In view of the similarities between atherosclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis and the proven benefit of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors in atheroscler... | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition with 10 mg/d ramipril for 8 weeks on top of current antiinflammatory treatment markedly improved endothelial function in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. This finding suggests that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition may provide a novel strategy to prevent cardiovascular... | yes |
18,427,137 | Is stromal cell-derived factor-1alpha cardioprotective after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Heart disease is a leading cause of mortality throughout the world. Tissue damage from vascular occlusive events results in the replacement of contractile myocardium by nonfunctional scar tissue. The potential of new technologies to regenerate damaged myocardium is significant, although cell-base... | These findings suggest that SDF-1alpha may serve a tissue-protective and regenerative role for solid organs suffering a hypoxic insult. | yes |
18,420,362 | Does pharmacological basis for use of Pistacia integerrima leave in hyperuricemia and gout? | {
"contexts": [
"Pistacia integerrima Stew ex. Brandis is an important component of commonly dispensed traditional dosage forms. We wished to determine whether polyphenolic constituents of this plant could be useful in oxidative stress and have potential to counter hyperuricemia.",
"Radical scavenging activit... | These findings are encouraging to plan clinical studies in hyperuricemic patients. | yes |
18,422,882 | Are wet forced-air warming blankets ineffective at maintaining normothermia? | {
"contexts": [
"Forced-air warming systems have proven effective in preventing perioperative hypothermia. To date, reported adverse events relate primarily to overheating and thermal injuries. This study uses a simple model to show that forced-air warming blankets become ineffective if they get wet.",
"Tempe... | A wet forced-air warming blanket is ineffective at maintaining normothermia. Once wet, the warming blanket resulted in cooling similar to the control group. | yes |
18,419,784 | Are serum levels of adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein ( AFABP ) increased in chronic haemodialysis ( CD )? | {
"contexts": [
"Adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) was recently introduced as an adipocyte-expressed factor, serum levels of which independently correlate with the development of the metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease in humans. In the current study, we investigated renal elimination of this... | Renal filtration appears as an important route of elimination of AFABP. Future studies should elucidate whether this adipocyte-expressed factor contributes to the increased risk of cardiovascular disease found in end-stage renal disease. | yes |
18,426,835 | Does elevated serum parathyroid hormone predict impaired survival prognosis in a general aged population? | {
"contexts": [
"Short-term studies on selected patients have indicated that elevated serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) is an independent risk factor of death. However, long-term data on unselected populations are lacking, thus far. In order to evaluate the predictive value of elevated serum PTH during the last yea... | Elevated serum PTH level is an independent predictor of impaired long-term survival prognosis in unselected aged population. Serum Ca(2+) did not emerge as a significant prognostic indicator. The long-term prognostic impact of vitamin D deficiency, the most common cause of elevated PTH levels in the elderly, remains to... | yes |
18,414,424 | Is decorin a secreted protein associated with obesity and type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To characterize the expression of the small leucine-rich glycoprotein decorin in adipose tissue.",
"Real-time PCR was used to measure decorin gene expression in adipose tissue from normal glucose tolerant (NGT), impaired glucose tolerant and type 2 diabetic (T2D) Psammomys obesus. Adipose tis... | Decorin expression in adipose tissue was markedly upregulated in the obese state and may therefore play a role in adipose tissue homeostasis or in pathophysiology associated with obesity. | yes |
18,417,990 | Is liver position a prenatal predictive factor of prosthetic repair in congenital diaphragmatic hernia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether any common maternal-fetal variable has prenatal predictive value of prosthetic repair in congenital diaphragmatic hernia.",
"This was a 5-year single-center retrospective review of fetal congenital diaphragmatic hernia referrals. Multiple prenatal variables were correlate... | Liver herniation has prenatal predictive value for the need for prosthetic repair in congenital diaphragmatic hernia. This finding should be valuable during prenatal counseling for clinical trials of engineered diaphragmatic repair. | yes |
18,425,403 | Are weight-bearing bones more sensitive to physical exercise in boys than in girls during pre- and early puberty : a cross-sectional study? | {
"contexts": [
"We carried out a cross-section study of the sex-specific relationship between bone mineral content and physical activity at sites with different loading in pre- and early pubertal girls and boys. There was significant sensitivity of bone mineral content of the hip to physical exercise in boys, bu... | Sex differences in BMC during pre- and early puberty may be related to a different sensitivity of bone to physical loading, irrespective of muscle mass. | yes |
18,420,958 | Does unilateral ablation of pre-Botzinger complex disrupt breathing during sleep but not wakefulness? | {
"contexts": [
"In adult rats, bilateral ablation of pre-Bötzinger complex (preBötC) neurokinin 1-expressing (NK1R) neurons leads to a progressive and irreversible disruption in breathing pattern, initially during sleep, eventually resulting in an ataxic breathing pattern during wakefulness.",
"Here we deter... | Gradual loss of preBötC NK1R neurons may be an underlying factor of sleep-disordered breathing, in particular of central sleep apnea. | yes |
18,423,425 | Does orexin mediate the expression of precipitated morphine withdrawal and concurrent activation of the nucleus accumbens shell? | {
"contexts": [
"The lateral hypothalamic neuropeptide orexin (or hypocretin) is implicated in drug addiction. Although a role for orexin has been shown in reward and dependence, the molecular and neural mechanisms are unclear. We investigated the mechanism and neuroanatomic basis of orexin's role in morphine wit... | Altogether, these data demonstrate that orexin, acting via Ox1r, is critical for the expression of morphine withdrawal. AcbSh activation during withdrawal is dependent on Ox1r function and is likely mediated by indirect action of LH orexin neurons. | yes |
18,423,153 | Does [ Adenovirus vector encoding human KDR elicit immunity against hepatocellular carcinomas in mice ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of adenovirus vector encoding human vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (hVEGFR-2 or hKDR) on breaking the immune tolerance and inducing immunity against murine hepatocellular carcinomas.",
"Human and mouse KDR cDNA were cloned from human umbilical vein end... | Adenovirus vector-mediated xenogeneic KDR can effectively break the immune tolerance to hepatocellular carcinomas in an animal model and induce a strong antigen-specific T cell response, which is dependent on CD8+ and CD4+ T cells. | yes |
18,414,789 | Does cytosine arabinoside affect the heat and capsaicin receptor TRPV1 localisation and sensitivity in human sensory neurons? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytosine arabinoside (Ara C) is a useful chemotherapy agent, used for treating acute myeloid leukaemia, although it may be associated with side effects including painful neuropathy. It is also used for in vitro neuronal studies to limit the proliferation of non-neuronal cells and thereby select n... | It is postulated that Ara C treatment blocked insertion of TRPV1 in the cell membrane, resulting in accumulation of the receptors in the cytoplasm, loss of capsaicin sensitivity, and membrane-bound immunostaining, which was restored with a rebound on withdrawal of Ara C. The observed pattern of loss of capsaicin sensit... | yes |
18,424,908 | Does tobacco smoking and depression -- result from the WHO/ISBRA study? | {
"contexts": [
"To elucidate the relationship between tobacco smoking and depression, and to estimate the impact of other substance dependencies.",
"Cross-sectional.",
"A total of 1,849 men and women were interviewed face-to-face using a validated structured questionnaire. According to their tobacco smok... | This study adds support to the evidence that smoking is linked to depression. It also elucidates the importance of taking into account alcohol and cocaine dependence since they have a significant impact on the relationship between smoking and depression. | yes |
18,424,907 | Is val158Met polymorphism in the catechol-O-methyltransferase ( COMT ) gene associated with tardive dyskinesia in schizophrenia? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated whether the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene V158M single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) influences susceptibility to tardive dyskinesia (TD).",
"We examined 209 Korean schizophrenic patients using the Abnormal Involuntary Movement Scale (AIMS), with genotyping ... | These results suggest that the V158M SNP of the COMT gene is not associated with TD in schizophrenia. However, there is a tendency that the heterozygous genotype of the COMT gene polymorphism has a protective effect against TD. Further investigations are warranted to evaluate a molecular heterosis of this polymorphism ... | no |
18,423,746 | Is change in prostate specific antigen following androgen stimulation an independent predictor of prostate cancer diagnosis? | {
"contexts": [
"We tested the hypothesis that a single exogenous androgen injection in men with low prostate specific antigen would provoke a differential prostate specific antigen response that would correlate with the presence and volume of cancer at biopsy.",
"Following institutional review board approval... | An increase in prostate specific antigen following androgen stimulation in men with prostate specific antigen between 2.5 and 4.0 ng/ml was highly predictive of the subsequent diagnosis of prostate cancer and it correlated with disease volume. If these findings are corroborated, prostate specific antigen provocation ma... | yes |
18,414,648 | Do immunity to distinct sand fly salivary proteins primes the anti-Leishmania immune response towards protection or exacerbation of disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Leishmania parasites are transmitted in the presence of sand fly saliva. Together with the parasite, the sand fly injects biologically active salivary components that favorably change the environment at the feeding site. Exposure to bites or to salivary proteins results in immunity specific to th... | Immunization with two salivary proteins from P. papatasi, PpSP15 and PpSP44, produced distinct immune profiles that correlated with resistance or susceptibility to Leishmania infection. The demonstration for the first time that immunity to a defined salivary protein (PpSP44) results in disease enhancement stresses the ... | yes |
18,414,649 | Is lower expression of TLR2 and SOCS-3 associated with Schistosoma haematobium infection and with lower risk for allergic reactivity in children living in a rural area in Ghana? | {
"contexts": [
"Helminth infections are prevalent in rural areas of developing countries and have in some studies been negatively associated with allergic disorders and atopy. In this context little is known of the molecular mechanisms of modulation involved. We have characterized the innate immune responses, at... | S. haematobium infections modulate the expression of genes of the innate immune system (TLR2 and SOCS-3); these are genes that are associated with increased allergic inflammatory processes, providing a molecular link between the negative association of this infection and atopy in rural children in Ghana. | yes |
18,420,492 | Do dietary phytoestrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase with improvement in lipid and glucose metabolism? | {
"contexts": [
"Emerging evidence suggests that dietary phytoestrogens can have beneficial effects on obesity and diabetes, although their mode of action is not known. Here, we investigate the mechanisms mediating the action of dietary phytoestrogens on lipid and glucose metabolism in rodents.",
"Male CD-1 m... | Dietary soy could prove useful to prevent obesity and associated disorders. Activation of the AMPK pathway by dietary soy is likely involved and may mediate the beneficial effects of dietary soy in peripheral tissues. | yes |
18,416,609 | Does preapplication of orthodontic forces to the donor teeth affect periodontal healing of transplanted teeth? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate how the preapplication of orthodontic forces to the donor teeth affects the periodontal healing after transplantation.",
"The orthodontic force (1.5 cN) was applied to the maxillary right molars of 6-week-old male Spraque-Dawley rats (n = 21) in the experimental side, and the l... | These results suggested that the preapplication of orthodontic force to the donor teeth increased the PDL width and eased the extraction, which might decrease root resorption after replantation. | yes |
18,434,469 | Are `` Covering our backs '' : ambulance crews ' attitudes towards clinical documentation when emergency ( 999 ) patients conveyed to hospital? | {
"contexts": [
"Up to 30% of people who call for an emergency ambulance are, for various reasons, not conveyed to hospital. Across the UK, the majority of ambulance services have policies and procedures requiring ambulance crews to complete clinical documentation for these patients, as they do for patients who t... | The low rates of completion of clinical records for non-conveyed patients appeared to result from crew members not believing they were important in every circumstance, combined with a lack of management focus. Low rates of completion may lead in turn to clinical risk and a risk of litigation if things go wrong. | no |
18,434,704 | Do dNAI1 mutations explain only 2 % of primary ciliary dykinesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD) is a rare recessive hereditary disorder characterized by dysmotility to immotility of ciliated and flagellated structures. Its main symptoms are respiratory, caused by defective ciliary beating in the epithelium of the upper airways (nose, bronchi and paranasal si... | We conclude that DNAI1 gene mutation is not a common cause of PCD, and that major or several additional disease gene(s) still remain to be identified before a sensitive molecular diagnostic test can be developed for PCD. | yes |
18,437,348 | Does exercise restore endothelial function independently of weight loss or hyperglycaemic status in db/db mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Exercise ameliorates oxidative stress-mediated diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction through poorly defined mechanisms. We hypothesised that, in addition to improving metabolic parameters, upregulation of antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) mediates exercise-induced reductions of ... | Exercise reverses diabetic vascular endothelial dysfunction independently of improvements in body weight or hyperglycaemia. Our data suggest that upregulation of eNOS and specific SOD isoforms could play important roles in improving NO bioavailability, as well as in reversing endothelial dysfunction in type 2 diabetes ... | yes |
18,427,732 | Does practical approach to proteomic biomarkers within prostate cancer radiotherapy trials? | {
"contexts": [
"Proteomic biomarkers may be useful for monitoring therapeutic response and to triage cancer patients to best therapy.",
"In this review, we highlight the importance of specimen acquisition, preparation and analysis in radiotherapy proteomic studies. We also discuss practical approaches for th... | Numerous proteomic methods are being employed, including high-throughput mass spectrometry and immunoassays, and using solid tissues, blood and urine for analysis. Given the potential complexity of cytokine and other protein responses, there is a need to assess proteomic signatures within serial samples as longitudinal... | yes |
18,412,688 | Is nZ Government 's trend analysis of hospitalised self-harm misleading? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this paper is to demonstrate that the trends published in the New Zealand (NZ) Government's 2006 Suicide Trends document for hospitalised self-harm are misleading.",
"Analysis of incident self-harm events resulting in hospitalisation and reference to published material on injury ou... | The methodological challenges to producing valid indicators for the purposes of measuring trends in important non-fatal injury are substantial. Unless we accept that the usual methods of measuring trends in non-fatal injury are misleading and commit to taking up the challenge to produce and use better indicators, we wi... | yes |
18,412,684 | Is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease ( COPD ) a major personal and public health burden in Australia? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a serious disease that is increasing in prevalence, yet is under-diagnosed and under-recognised in Australia. The goal is to bring this to the attention of public health and offer recommendations in order to reduce the present and future burden from... | The reduction of the burden from COPD is contingent upon a proactive approach by public health that includes approaching it as a research priority and the provision of adequately resourced prevention and management strategies. | yes |
18,412,969 | Are dendritic cells preferentially targeted among hematolymphocytes by Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara and play a key role in the induction of virus-specific T cell responses in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Modified Vaccinia Ankara (MVA) is a highly attenuated strain of vaccinia virus (VV) that has lost approximately 15% of the VV genome, along with the ability to replicate in most mammalian cells. It has demonstrated impressive safety and immunogenicity profile in both preclinical and clinical stud... | We present the first in vivo evidence that among hematolymphoid cells, DCs are the most susceptible targets for MVA infection, and DC-mediated Ag presentation is required for the induction of MVA-specific immune responses. These results provide important information concerning the mechanisms by which strong immune resp... | yes |
18,413,163 | Is increasing severity of cardiac autonomic neuropathy associated with increasing prevalence of nephropathy , retinopathy , and peripheral neuropathy in Turkish type 2 diabetics? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN) is the most frequent and clinically important form of diabetic autonomic neuropathy. CAN is associated with increased frequency of other microvascular complications of diabetes mellitus (DM). In this study, we evaluated the prevalence diabetic nephropathy, retin... | The prevalence of other diabetic microvascular complications increase as the severity of CAN increases in patients with type 2 DM. This study emphasizes the need for an early screening for peripheral neuropathy, retinopathy, and nephropathy in type 2 diabetic patients with CAN, especially with severe involvement. | yes |
18,418,138 | Does intradiscal electrothermal therapy ( IDET ) provide effective symptom relief in patients with discogenic low back pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Single-arm, prospective clinical trial.",
"To evaluate back pain severity, physical function, and quality of life outcomes in highly selected patients with lumbar discogenic pain treated with intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET).",
"Degeneration and disruption of the intervertebral d... | The findings of this study suggest that durable clinical improvements can be realized after IDET in highly selected patients with mild disc degeneration, confirmatory imaging evidence of annular disruption, and concordant pain provocation by low pressure discography. | yes |
18,437,153 | Does nephrectomy modify renal angiotensin II effects in kidney donors? | {
"contexts": [
"Age, gender, menopausal status, a family history of hypertension, and renal vascular response to angiotensin II are involved in the progression of renal failure from its very beginning.",
"In order to investigate their importance on this progression, we measured effective renal plasma flow (E... | In normotensive donors with a normal compensatory response to nephrectomy, baseline renal reactivity to angiotensin II can influence renal and glomerular hemodynamics 1 year after nephrectomy. | yes |
18,437,151 | Are serum levels of the adipokine adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein increased in preeclampsia? | {
"contexts": [
"Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious complication of pregnancy which is associated with an increased future metabolic and cardiovascular risk for both mother and newborn. Recently, adipocyte fatty acid-binding protein (AFABP) was introduced as a novel adipokine, serum levels of which independently corr... | We demonstrate that maternal AFABP serum concentrations are significantly increased in PE. Furthermore, BMI and serum creatinine are independent predictors of circulating AFABP. | yes |
18,426,555 | Does epigallocatechin-3-gallate ( EGCG ) inhibit the migratory behavior of tumor bronchial epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Many studies associated the main polyphenolic constituent of green tea, (-)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), with inhibition of cancers, invasion and metastasis. To date, most of the studies have focused on the effect of EGCG on cell proliferation or death. Since cell migration is an important ... | Taken together, our results demonstrate that EGCG is able to inhibit the migration of bronchial tumor cells and could therefore be an attractive candidate to treat tumor invasion and cell migration. | yes |
18,427,600 | Do machine learning classifiers detect subtle field defects in eyes of HIV individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the following hypotheses: (1) eyes from patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) have retinal damage that causes subtle field defects, (2) sensitive machine learning classifiers (MLCs) can use these field defects to distinguish fields in HIV patients and normal subjects, and (3) t... | This study has confirmed that low-CD4 eyes have visual field defects and retinal damage. Ranking located important field locations superiorly near the blind spot, implying damage to the retina inferiorly near the optic disc. Though most fields appear normal in high-CD4 eyes, SVM and RVM were sufficiently sensitive to d... | yes |
18,436,250 | Is experimental congenital vesicoureteral reflux in sheep associated with reduced renal expression levels of aquaporin 1 and 2? | {
"contexts": [
"Impaired concentrating capacity has been demonstrated in human refluxing kidneys and in kidneys of growing animals with experimental congenital vesicoureteral reflux. Aquaporin water channel proteins are the principal mediators of water homeostasis in the kidney. We examined the impact of experim... | Progressively impaired renal concentrating capacity induced by experimental fetal reflux is associated with decreased levels of renal aquaporin 1 and 2 expression. This long-term down-regulation of aquaporin 1 and 2 provides important molecular evidence for a defect in resorptive capacity of water induced by vesicouret... | yes |
18,436,254 | Is the heterochromatin protein 1 family regulated in prostate development and cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The HP1 family of evolutionarily conserved proteins regulates heterochromatin packaging, in addition to a less defined role in the regulation of euchromatic genes. To examine the possible role of HP1 proteins in fetal prostate development and prostate cancer the protein expression of HP1alpha, be... | HP1 proteins are tightly regulated during prostate development. In the adult prostate HP1alpha, beta and gamma antibodies detect high levels of HP1 antigen in a contiguous layer of epithelial cells. However, the detection of HP1 in prostate cancer ranges from undetectable to inconsistent staining of noncontiguous epith... | yes |
18,435,789 | Does formation of osteoclast-like cells from peripheral blood of periodontitis patients occur without supplementation of macrophage colony-stimulating factor? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from chronic periodontitis patients differ from PBMCs from matched control patients in their capacity to form osteoclast-like cells.",
"PBMCs from 10 subjects with severe chronic periodontitis and their matched controls were cult... | Our data indicate that PBMCs from periodontitis patients do not need priming by M-CSF to become osteoclast-like cells, suggesting that PBMCs from periodontitis patients are present in the circulation in a different state of activity. | yes |
18,433,553 | Does [ Matrine inhibit the proliferation of neuroblastoma LA-N-5 cell and MYCN mRNA expression ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuroblastoma is the most common malignant solid tumor in children under 4 years. Amplification of MYCN oncogene is associated with advanced-stage disease, rapid tumor progression, resistance to treatment, and poor outcome. Matirne has the anti-tumor activity. This study was designed to investiga... | Matrine may inhibit the growth of neuroblastoma cells and down-regulate MYCN mRNA expression. It may be promising as a new drug for treatment of neuroblastoma. | yes |
18,439,425 | Do hepatic involvement and portal hypertension predict mortality in chronic granulomatous disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic granulomatous disease (CGD) is a rare genetic disorder, predisposing affected individuals to recurrent infectious complications and shortened survival. Liver involvement in CGD includes vascular abnormalities, which may lead to noncirrhotic portal hypertension.",
"To evaluate the impa... | These data suggest mortality in patients with CGD is associated with the development of noncirrhotic portal hypertension, likely owing to injury to the microvasculature of the liver from repeated systemic and hepatic infections. The slope of decline in platelet count may be a useful measure of progression of portal hyp... | yes |
18,439,662 | Does exposure to tobacco smoke increase leukotriene E4-related albuterol usage and response to montelukast? | {
"contexts": [
"Cysteinyl leukotrienes (CysLTs) are important mediators of asthma in children. Predictors of susceptibility to CysLT effects have not been developed.",
"To identify susceptibility markers to CysLT effects and montelukast response.",
"Twenty-seven schoolchildren were followed for 5 months ... | Increased individual CysLT levels are associated with subsequent albuterol usage. CysLT-related albuterol usage and montelukast responsiveness are increased in children exposed to tobacco smoke and tend to be greater in girls than boys. Measurement of LTE(4) to FENO ratios may help predict susceptibility to montelukast... | yes |
18,436,118 | Does inspiratory muscle training improve blood flow to resting and exercising limbs in patients with chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"We tested the hypothesis that inspiratory muscle loading could result in exaggerated peripheral vasoconstriction in resting and exercising limbs and that inspiratory muscle training (IMT) could attenuate this effect in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) and inspiratory muscle weakness.",
... | In patients with CHF and inspiratory muscle weakness, inspiratory muscle loading results in marked reduction of blood flow to resting and exercising limbs. Inspiratory muscle training improves limb blood flow under inspiratory loading in these patients. | yes |
18,416,983 | Is silicone tubing necessary after primary endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy : a prospective randomized study? | {
"contexts": [
"Endoscopic dacryocystorhinostomy (EN-DCR) is an effective procedure when treating saccal and postsaccal obstructions of the nasolacrimal pathway. The benefit of silicone tubing after DCR is still controversial. We conducted a prospective, randomized study to evaluate the necessity of bicanalicula... | The results of our prospective, randomized study showed that the use of silicone tubes after primary EN-DCR is not necessary. | no |
18,417,977 | Does feticide modify duration of labor induction in cases of medical termination of pregnancy? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare the general characteristics and clinical outcome of women who underwent medical termination of pregnancy preceded or not by feticide.",
"A total of 146 women of diverse gestational ages, who had received a sonographic or genetic diagnosis of fetal abnormality incompatible with post... | Feticide does not alter the clinical obstetrical course of women undergoing medical termination of pregnancy, and poses no risk to maternal health regardless of gestational age. | no |
18,410,999 | Do hdm2 and nitric oxide radicals contribute to the p53-dependent radioadaptive response? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this work was to characterize the radioadaptive response at the molecular level.",
"We used wild-type (wt) p53 and mutated (m) p53-containing cells derived from the human lung cancer H1299 cell line, which is p53-null. Cellular radiation sensitivities were determined with a colony-... | These findings suggest that NO radicals are initiators of the radioadaptive response, acting through the activation of Hdm2 and the depression of p53 accumulations. | yes |
18,430,259 | Does systemic 5-fluorouracil treatment cause a syndrome of delayed myelin destruction in the central nervous system? | {
"contexts": [
"Cancer treatment with a variety of chemotherapeutic agents often is associated with delayed adverse neurological consequences. Despite their clinical importance, almost nothing is known about the basis for such effects. It is not even known whether the occurrence of delayed adverse effects requir... | Our studies demonstrate that systemic treatment with a single chemotherapeutic agent, 5-FU, is sufficient to cause a syndrome of delayed CNS damage and provide the first animal model of delayed damage to white-matter tracts of individuals treated with systemic chemotherapy. Unlike that caused by local irradiation, the ... | yes |
18,434,058 | Is pharmacokinetic MR analysis of the cartilage influenced by field strength? | {
"contexts": [
"To study if the pharmacokinetic parameters derived from dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance (DCE-MR) images of the patellar cartilage are influenced by the main magnetic field strength.",
"DCE-MR images of the knee were obtained from 16 normal male subjects (eight cases in each 1.5 a... | Cartilage vascular permeability values are influenced by the MR field strength. This should be taken in consideration when analyzing this biomarker. | yes |
18,431,005 | Does trkB gene transfer alter hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive deficits following traumatic brain injury in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The ability of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to attenuate secondary damage and influence behavioral outcome after experimental traumatic brain injury (TBI) remains controversial. Because TBI can result in decreased expression of the trkB receptor, thereby preventing BDNF from exerting ... | These data suggest that neither overexpression of trkB, BNDF infusion or their combination affects neuronal survival or behavioral outcome following experimental TBI in mice. | no |
18,433,305 | Does calcium and vitamin d supplementation decrease incidence of stress fractures in female navy recruits? | {
"contexts": [
"Stress fractures (SFx) are one of the most common and debilitating overuse injuries seen in military recruits, and they are also problematic for nonmilitary athletic populations. The goal of this randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled study was to determine whether a calcium and vitamin D in... | Generalizing the findings to the population of 14,416 women who entered basic training at the Great Lakes during the 24 mo of recruitment, calcium and vitamin D supplementation for the entire cohort would have prevented approximately 187 persons from fracturing. Such a decrease in SFx would be associated with a signifi... | yes |
18,433,303 | Is cortical bone loss in androgen-deficient aged male rats mainly caused by increased endocortical bone remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypogonadism is considered to be one of the major risk factors for osteoporosis in men. Here, we sequentially studied the effects of androgen deficiency on cortical bone in aged orchiectomy (ORX) rats.",
"One hundred seventy 13-mo-old male Fischer-344 rats were either ORX or sham-operated. Af... | We conclude that androgen deficiency-induced cortical bone loss in aged, nongrowing rats is mainly caused by augmented endocortical bone remodeling. | yes |
18,436,478 | Is transplantation of adipose derived stromal cells associated with functional improvement in a rat model of chronic myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of transplantation of undifferentiated and cardiac pre-differentiated adipose stem cells compared with bone marrow mononuclear cells (BM-MNC) in a chronic model of myocardial infarction.",
"Ninety-five Sprague-Dawley rats underwent left coronary artery ligation and aft... | These results indicate that transplantation of adipose derived cells in chronic infarct provides a superior benefit to cardiac pre-differentiated ADSC and BM-MNC. | yes |
18,417,980 | Is human placental growth hormone increased in maternal serum in pregnancies affected by Down syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the relationship between maternal serum levels of human placental growth hormone (hPGH) and fetal Down syndrome at gestational midtrimester.",
"We retrospectively analyzed samples of serum from 21 women with Down syndrome pregnancies detected at gestational midtrimester. The sampl... | The hPGH levels in maternal serum were found to be higher at 16-23 weeks' gestation in pregnancies affected by fetal Down syndrome. Further investigation is needed to examine if maternal serum hPGH could be used as an additional marker in prenatal screening of Down syndrome at gestational midtrimester. | yes |
18,440,398 | Are management of knee osteoarthritis in primary care : pain and depression the major obstacles? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteoarthritis (OA) management is a challenge, as OA consists of a spectrum of pathologies requiring a multifaceted treatment approach. Patient education programmes (PEP) are attractive, as they may be cost effective and potentially efficacious. The goals of the study were to determine what may h... | A complex interrelationship between depression, pain, disease knowledge, and physical ability in patients with knee OA has been demonstrated. Specifically, the treatment of depression and pain may be paramount to the successful treatment of knee OA, and these factors should be considered in each patient and management ... | yes |
18,422,976 | Does desmocollin expression in oral atrophic lichen planus correlate with clinical behavior and DNA content? | {
"contexts": [
"Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a chronic mucocutaneous inflammatory disease, with some tendency toward malignant transformation. Markers are needed to identify the lesions at risk.",
"A series of 82 biopsies from 70 patients with atrophic OLP was analyzed for desmocollin-1, E-cadherin, cyclin-de... | In atrophic OLP, desmocollin-1 is a powerful predictor of an important intermediate endpoint marker (dysplasia) in the causal pathway toward oral cancer. | yes |
18,414,066 | Do black and white female adolescents lose vitamin D metabolites into urine? | {
"contexts": [
"The black American population has a higher prevalence of salt sensitivity compared with the white American population. Dahl salt-sensitive rats, models of salt-induced hypertension, excrete protein-bound vitamin D metabolites into urine, a process that is accelerated during high salt intake. We t... | Urinary loss of vitamin D metabolites may be one cause of low vitamin D status, in addition to low dietary intake and reduced skin synthesis. | yes |
18,424,803 | Does lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonist propranolol increase the hypnotic and anti-nociceptive effects of isoflurane in a swine model? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously reported that landiolol, an ultra-short-acting beta1-adrenoceptor antagonist, does not alter the anaesthetic effects of isoflurane. Here, we investigated the influence of propranolol on the electroencephalographic (EEG) effects and minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflu... | Propranolol alters both the hypnotic and anti-nociceptive effects of isoflurane. In contrast to landiolol, lipophilic beta-adrenoceptor antagonists may increase the potency of inhalational anaesthetics. | yes |
18,427,784 | Does subchronic and chronic PCP treatment produce temporally distinct deficits in attentional set shifting and prepulse inhibition in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously demonstrated that subchronic (five daily administrations of 2.6 mg/kg PCP) and chronic intermittent administration of 2.6 mg/kg PCP to rats produces hypofrontality and other neurochemical changes akin to schizophrenia pathology (Cochran et al., Neuropsychopharmacology, 28:265-2... | The temporally distinct behavioral effects of these PCP treatment regimes suggest that PPI deficits relate directly to acute NMDA receptor antagonism, whereas the more enduring set shifting deficits relate to the longer term consequences of NMDA receptor blockade. Therefore, these subchronic and chronic PCP treatment r... | yes |
18,427,129 | Is noncanonical Wnt11 signaling sufficient to induce cardiomyogenic differentiation in unfractionated bone marrow mononuclear cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Despite the frequent clinical use of adult unfractionated bone marrow mononuclear cells (BMMNCs) for cardiac repair, whether these cells are capable of undergoing cardiomyogenic differentiation in vitro remains uncertain. In addition, the role of Wnt signaling in cardiomyogenic differentiation of... | In adult density-gradient separated BMMNCs, canonical Wnt3a promotes stemness, proliferation, and hematopoietic commitment, whereas noncanonical signaling via Wnt11 induces robust cardiomyogenic differentiation in a protein kinase C- and c-Jun-N-terminal kinase-dependent manner. | yes |
18,426,814 | Is retinol-binding protein-4 strongly associated with insulin sensitivity in normal pregnancies? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently, experimental and clinical studies suggest that retinol-binding protein-4 (RBP4) may provide a link between obesity and insulin resistance. However, no previous studies have investigated the impact of circulating RBP4 on measures of insulin resistance in normal pregnant women, and the ob... | The increased fat mass and insulin resistance during normal pregnancy was best explained by measures of fat mass. However, the increase in RBP4 from early to late pregnancy, associated with a decline in insulin sensitivity, potentially indicates interactions with glucose metabolism. | no |
18,438,950 | Does imaging correlate of decreased axonal Na+/K+ ATPase in chronic multiple sclerosis lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Degeneration of chronically demyelinated axons is a major cause of irreversible neurological decline in the human central nervous system disease, multiple sclerosis (MS). Although the molecular mechanisms responsible for this axonal degeneration remain to be elucidated, dysfunction of axonal Na+/... | Chronically demyelinated axons that lack Na+/K+ ATPase cannot exchange axoplasmic Na+ for K+ and are incapable of nerve transmission. Loss of axonal Na+/K+ ATPase is likely to be a major contributor to continuous neurological decline in chronic stages of MS, and quantitative magnetization transfer ratios and T1 contras... | yes |
18,417,083 | Is the use of radiation therapy after breast-conserving surgery in hormonally treated breast cancer patients dependent on patient age , geographic region , and surgeon specialty? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of radiation therapy (RT) after breast-conserving surgery (BCS) is inconsistent in patients treated with hormonal therapy (HT). We sought to identify factors influencing the decision to use RT in this setting.",
"Patients in the North American Fareston vs. Tamoxifen Adjuvant (NAFTA) t... | Patient age, geographic region, and surgeon training influence the decision to use RT after BCS in patients receiving HT. | yes |
18,420,487 | Is hyperglycemia-induced reactive oxygen species toxicity to endothelial cells dependent on paracrine mediators? | {
"contexts": [
"This study determined the effects of high glucose exposure and cytokine treatment on generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and activation of inflammatory and apoptotic pathways in human retinal endothelial cells (HRECs).",
"Glucose consumption of HRECs, human retinal pigment epithelial ... | Our in vitro results indicate that HRECs respond to cytokines rather than high glucose, suggesting that in vivo diabetes-related endothelial injury in the retina may be due to glucose-induced cytokine release by other retinal cells and not a direct effect of high glucose. | yes |
18,421,185 | Does plasma gamma-glutamyl transferase activity predict homocysteine concentration in a large cohort of unselected outpatients? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the association between gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT) and homocysteine in plasma.",
"Combined results of GGT, total homocysteine, vitamin B12, folate and creatinine levels were analyzed in outpatients referred for laboratory testing over the past 5 years.",
"Cumulative resu... | Plasma GGT activity might be a useful means to predict homocysteine concentration in the general population. | yes |
18,427,819 | Does low-dose X-irradiation promote mineralization of fracture callus in a rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated the hypothesized beneficial effect of low-dose irradiation (LDI) on fracture callus mineralization in a rat model.",
"Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were averagely randomized into LDI group (rats treated with LDI) and SHAM group (rats treated with sham irradiatio... | The results indicated LDI promoted mineralization at the stage of hard callus formation in a rat fracture model. | yes |
18,422,480 | Does omega-3 fatty acid concentrate in the treatment of moderate hypertriglyceridemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Moderate hypertriglyceridemia is fairly common, and elevated triglycerides are a risk factor for coronary heart disease. The omega-3 fatty acids EPA and DHA have been shown to lower triglycerides in many clinical studies. Prescription omega-3 fatty acid concentrates (P-OM3) are indicated for use ... | P-OM3 are effective in reducing triglycerides by approximately 30% in this population and are likely to be combined with other drugs (e.g., statins) to treat combined dyslipidemia. | yes |
18,422,484 | Do mouse neuroblastoma cells release prion infectivity associated with exosomal vesicles? | {
"contexts": [
"TSEs (transmissible spongiform encephalopathies) are neurodegenerative disorders affecting humans and animals. PrP(Sc), a conformationally altered isoform of the normal prion protein (PrP(C)), is thought to be the pathogenic agent. However, the biochemical composition of the prion agent is still ... | The dissemination of prions in N2a cell culture is mediated through the exosomal pathway. | yes |
18,411,040 | Does trial sequential analysis reveal insufficient information size and potentially false positive results in many meta-analyses? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate meta-analyses with trial sequential analysis (TSA). TSA adjusts for random error risk and provides the required number of participants (information size) in a meta-analysis. Meta-analyses not reaching information size are analyzed with trial sequential monitoring boundaries analogous ... | TSA reveals insufficient information size and potentially false positive results in many meta-analyses. | yes |
18,438,689 | Does [ Topical application of morphine and buprenorphine gel have no effect in the sunburn model ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this placebo-controlled double-blinded cross-over study was to investigate the antihyperalgesic effect of topical morphine and buprenorphine in the sunburn pain model.",
"The study was designed as a double-blind, placebo-controlled cross-over trial, separated into 2 parts each with... | The topical application of opioids in this form has no effect on inflamed skin. | yes |
18,414,890 | Does the neuropeptide NAP provide neuroprotection against retinal ganglion cell damage after retinal ischemia and optic nerve crush? | {
"contexts": [
"NAP, an 8-amino acid peptide (NAPVSIPQ=Asn-Ala-Pro-Val-Ser-Ile-Pro-Gln) derived from activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), plays an important role in neuronal differentiation and the survival of neurons in different pathological situations. We already discovered that NAP increases th... | NAP acts neuroprotectively in vivo after retinal ischemia and optic nerve crush, and may have potential in treating optic nerve diseases. | yes |
18,416,630 | Do orthodontic adhesives induce human gingival fibroblast toxicity and inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the null hypothesis that the resin base and the resin hybrid glass ionomer base adhesives do not cause inflammation after contacting primary human gingival fibroblasts in vitro.",
"The resin base and resin hybrid glass ionomer base adhesives were used to treat human gingival fibroblas... | The hypothesis is rejected. For orthodontic patients with gingival inflammation, except for those with oral hygiene problems, the activation of COX-2 expression by orthodontic adhesive may be one of the potential mechanisms. | yes |
18,431,494 | Is mitochondrial membrane potential in human neutrophils maintained by complex III activity in the absence of supercomplex organisation? | {
"contexts": [
"Neutrophils depend mainly on glycolysis for their energy provision. Their mitochondria maintain a membrane potential (Deltapsi(m)), which is usually generated by the respiratory chain complexes. We investigated the source of Deltapsi(m) in neutrophils, as compared to peripheral blood mononuclear ... | We show that neutrophils can maintain Deltapsi(m) via the glycerol-3-phosphate shuttle, whereby their mitochondria play an important role in the regulation of aerobic glycolysis, rather than producing energy themselves. This peculiar mitochondrial phenotype is acquired during differentiation from myeloid precursors. | yes |
18,410,653 | Is lactate concentration in umbilical cord blood gestational age-dependent : a population-based study of 17 867 newborns? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the influence of gestational age on lactate concentration in arterial and venous umbilical cord blood at birth and to define gestational age-specific reference values for lactate in vigorous newborns.",
"Population-based comparative.",
"University hospitals.",
"Vigorous newbo... | Lactate concentrations in arterial and venous umbilical cord blood are increasing significantly with advancing gestational age. | yes |
18,431,350 | Does heparin-coated extracorporeal circulation in combination with low dose systemic heparinization reduce early postoperative blood loss in cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"According to a recently performed meta-analysis, heparin-bonded circuits do not reduce blood loss in cardiac surgery patients compared to nonheparin-bonded circuits within the first 24 h postoperatively. We investigated the effects of heparin-coated circuits in combination with a reduced systemic... | The combined use of heparin-coated circuits and low dose systemic heparinization is able to reduce early postoperative blood loss without enhancing the risk of complications. | yes |
18,436,331 | Do financial incentives always work : an example of cesarean sections in Taiwan? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that cesarean sections are less likely to be performed after equalizing the fees for vaginal births and cesarean sections.",
"Population-based National Health Insurance inpatient claims in Taiwan are used. Pre-periods and post-periods are identified to investigate the i... | Cesarean section rates are greater for the higher-order births because of the practice "once a cesarean section, always a cesarean section". Against the background of a rapidly declining fertility rate, females play a more important role in the mode of delivery than ever before. As such, financial incentives designed s... | no |
18,420,866 | Are poor visualization during direct laryngoscopy and high upper lip bite test score predictors of difficult intubation with the GlideScope videolaryngoscope? | {
"contexts": [
"The GlideScope videolaryngoscope allows equal or superior glottic visualization compared with direct laryngoscopy, but predictive features for difficult GlideScope intubation have not been identified. We undertook this prospective study to identify patient characteristics associated with difficul... | Despite a high success rate, intubation with the GlideScope is likely to be more challenging in patients with high Cormack and Lehane grade during direct laryngoscopy, high upper lip bite test score, or short sternothyroid distance. | yes |
18,422,471 | Do a review of irritable bowel syndrome and an update on therapeutic approaches? | {
"contexts": [
"Irritable bowel syndrome is a common disorder that is associated with a significant impact on both affected individuals and society. While the pathophysiology of irritable bowel syndrome remains unknown, knowledge regarding the normal and abnormal functions of the gut and its complex interactions... | The therapeutic options for irritable bowel syndrome are rapidly evolving beyond traditional symptom-based therapies, such as fiber, antispasmodics, antidiarrheals and laxatives and are moving towards agents with organ-specific receptor selectivity directed, in many cases, at specific gastrointestinal functions. | yes |
18,434,715 | Does initial glucose load predict technique survival in patients on chronic peritoneal dialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"A high glucose content in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution may result in unfavorable changes on peritoneal character and worsened metabolic profiles. We conducted this retrospective cohort analysis to investigate the impact of initial glucose load on long-term outcomes of PD patients.",
"A t... | Higher glucose load during the initial period of PD was associated with higher prevalent diabetes mellitus, lower serum albumin, and lower residual renal function, and effectively predicted worse survival of PD therapy. | yes |
18,434,710 | Does prolonged endoplasmic reticulum stress induce apoptotic cell death in an experimental model of chronic cyclosporine nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Apoptosis contributes to cyclosporine (CsA)-induced renal cell death. This study tested the effects of CsA-induced endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on apoptotic cell death in an experimental model of chronic CsA nephropathy.",
"CsA (15 mg/kg per day) was given to rats for 7 or 28 days. The E... | Prolonged CsA-induced ER stress causes apoptotic cell death by depleting molecular chaperones and activating the proapoptotic pathway. | yes |
18,426,787 | Do guidelines improve general trend of lowered cholesterol levels in type 2 diabetes patients in spite of low adherence? | {
"contexts": [
"New guidelines were introduced in Sweden in 1999 to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease among diabetes patients. The impact of the new guidelines on lipid levels in a diabetes patient population has not been extensively studied. Our aim was to study whether the introduction of treatment goa... | Since the introduction of the guidelines, an increasing number of diabetes patients are receiving lipid-lowering drugs, which enhance a strong general trend of lowered cholesterol levels. Yet, the vast majority of diabetes patients with hypercholesterolaemia still do not receive medical treatment in accordance with the... | yes |
18,426,783 | Are why older people living with a spouse less likely to be institutionalized : the role of socioeconomic factors and health characteristics? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine whether the lower risk of institutionalization among older adults living with a spouse as compared with those living alone or with other persons could be explained by socioeconomic factors, housing, and chronic medical conditions.",
"We used population-based follow-up data on Finni... | As controlling for socioeconomic factors, housing and health characteristics explained only 35-43% of the lower risk of institutionalization among those living with a spouse as compared to those living alone, having a spouse seems to have a major independent role in preventing and delaying institutionalization among ol... | yes |
18,439,488 | Do tumor necrosis factor-alpha and endothelial cells modulate Notch signaling in the bone marrow microenvironment during inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Homeostasis of the hematopoietic compartment is challenged and maintained during conditions of stress by mechanisms that are poorly defined. To understand how the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment influences hematopoiesis, we explored the role of Notch signaling and BM endothelial cells in provid... | Our results provide the first evidence that BM endothelial cells promote expansion of hematopoietic progenitor cells by a Notch-dependent mechanism and that TNF-alpha and LPS can modulate the levels of Notch ligand expression and Notch activation in the BM microenvironment in vivo. | yes |
18,435,576 | Do apoptotic bodies convey activity capable of initiating osteoclastogenesis and localized bone destruction? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteocyte apoptosis co-localizes with sites of osteoclastic bone resorption in vivo, but to date, no causal molecular or signaling link has been identified between these two processes.",
"Osteocyte apoptotic bodies (OABs) derived from the MLO-Y4 osteocyte-like cell line and primary murine ost... | These data point to a mechanism by which dying osteocytes might target bone destruction through the distribution of OAB-associated signals and give further physiological meaning to the apoptotic process in bone. | yes |
18,435,575 | Does osteoblast-derived TGF-beta1 stimulate IL-8 release through AP-1 and NF-kappaB in human cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The bone marrow microenvironment is further enriched by growth factors released during osteoclastic bone resorption. It has been reported that the chemokine interleukin (IL)-8 is a potent and direct activator of osteoclastic differentiation and bone resorption. However, the effect of bone-derived... | In this study, we provide evidence to show that the osteoblasts release growth factors, including TGF-beta1, BMP-2, and IGF-1. TGF-beta1 is the major contributor to the activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), p38, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), leading to the activation of AP-1 and NF-kappaB on the... | yes |
18,419,719 | Does isoflurane attenuate myoglobin release during ischemic and/or reperfusion periods? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently, we have developed cardiac microdialysis for detection of protein leakage from the injured myocardium. We examined whether the exposures to isoflurane would exert a beneficial effect on myocardial injury caused by ischemia or reperfusion.",
"A dialysis probe was implanted into the le... | Repeated exposure to isoflurane suppressed myocardial myoglobin release caused by both ischemia and reperfusion injury. Isoflurane may provide protection against myocardial ischemia/reperfusion and hypoxic injuries. | yes |
18,419,717 | Does sirtinol attenuate hepatic injury and pro-inflammatory cytokine production following trauma-hemorrhage in male Sprague-Dawley rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Although studies have demonstrated that sirtinol administration following adverse circulatory conditions is known to be protective, the mechanism by which sirtinol produces the salutary effects remains unknown. We hypothesized that sirtinol administration in male rats following trauma-hemorrhage ... | The salutary effects of sirtinol administration on attenuation of hepatic injury following trauma-hemorrhage are, at least in part, related to reduction of pro-inflammatory mediators. | yes |
18,438,645 | Do inter-individual differences in novelty-seeking behavior in rats predict differential responses to desipramine in the forced swim test? | {
"contexts": [
"Antidepressant medications are effective only in a subpopulation of patients with depression, and some patients respond to certain drugs, but not others. The biological bases for these clinical observations remain unexplained.",
"To investigate individual differences in response to antidepres... | Taken together, our results suggest that the HR-LR model is a useful tool to investigate individual differences in responses to norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (NRIs) and that a differential activation of PFC and/or PVN could underlie some of the inter-individual differences in the efficacy of NRIs. | yes |
18,412,310 | Is palindromic rheumatism a common disease : comparison of new-onset palindromic rheumatism compared to new-onset rheumatoid arthritis in a 2-year cohort of patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prevalence of palindromic rheumatism (PR) compared to new-onset rheumatoid arthritis (RA).",
"We reviewed 145 patients that had been newly diagnosed by a rheumatologist with either RA or PR between May 2004 and May 2006.",
"Of these 145 patients, 51 were diagnosed with PR... | Palindromic rheumatism occurs more frequently than previously recognized. | yes |
18,412,315 | Does lIGHT induce cell proliferation and inflammatory responses of rheumatoid arthritis synovial fibroblasts via lymphotoxin beta receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of LIGHT (lymphotoxin-like, exhibits inducible expression and competes with herpes simplex virus glycoprotein D for herpes virus entry mediator, a receptor expressed by T lymphocytes) on the proliferation and gene expression of fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLS) from pa... | Our findings suggest that LIGHT signaling via LTbetaR plays an important role in the pathogenesis of RA by affecting key processes such as the proliferation and activation of RA-FLS. Regulation of LIGHT-LTbetaR signaling may represent a new therapeutic target for RA treatment. | yes |
18,417,962 | Is glutathione peroxidase 1 C593T polymorphism associated with lobar intracerebral hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Oxidative stress plays an important role in vascular pathology and contributes to the pathophysiology of primary intracerebral hemorrhage (PICH). Glutathione peroxidase 1 (GPX1) is a key enzyme of the antioxidant system. Here, we investigated whether a functional C593T polymorphism of GPX1 gene i... | We found a positive association between the studied GPX1 polymorphism and lobar PICH in a Polish population. | yes |
18,417,963 | Does danqi Piantan Jiaonang modify hemostasis , hematology , and biochemistry in normal subjects and stroke patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies on Danqi Piantan Jiaonang (DPJ, NeuroAid), a traditional Chinese medicine, in stroke patients showed promising results. Our aim was to determine the safety of DPJ in normal subjects and stroke patients through a series of studies assessing its immediate and long-term effects, alo... | DPJ does not significantly modify hematological, hemostatic, and biochemical parameters in normal subjects and stroke patients. | no |
18,433,932 | Does physician clinical impression rule out spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in patients undergoing emergency department paracentesis? | {
"contexts": [
"We determine whether clinical characteristics and physician assessment are useful in the exclusion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in emergency department (ED) patients with ascites requiring paracentesis.",
"We conducted a prospective, observational study of ED patients with ascites und... | Clinical characteristics and physician assessment were insufficient in the diagnosis or exclusion of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in the ED patient undergoing diagnostic or therapeutic paracentesis. This finding supports routine laboratory fluid analysis after ED paracentesis. | no |
18,440,561 | Is activation of C-transactivation domain essential for optimal HIF-1 alpha-mediated transcriptional and angiogenic effects? | {
"contexts": [
"HIF-1 is a transcription factor that regulates genes involved in oxygen homeostasis. In normoxia, degradation of the HIF-1 alpha subunit is enabled by two prolyl hydroxylations at residues P402 and P564, while inactivation occurs through asparaginyl hydroxylation at residue N803 within its C-tran... | Constitutive activation of the HIF-1 alpha C-TAD, and not merely stabilization of the HIF-1 alpha molecule, is essential for optimal HIF-mediated transcriptional and angiogenic effects. This finding could have important implications for therapeutic angiogenesis using HIF-1 alpha. | yes |
18,423,258 | Do multiple antithrombotic agents increase the risk of postoperative hemorrhage in dermatologic surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies show that holding single antithrombotic agents perioperatively increases the risk of acute thrombotic events and does not significantly decrease the risk of bleeding complications in dermatological surgery. Recent data suggest that selected patients may benefit from combination therapy in... | Small sample size and retrospective nature were limitations. | yes |
18,439,915 | Does hypoxia-inducible factor augment experimental colitis through an MIF-dependent inflammatory signaling cascade? | {
"contexts": [
"Colon epithelial cells are critical for barrier function and contain a highly developed immune response. A previous study has shown hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) as a critical regulator of barrier protection during colon epithelial injury. However, the role of HIF signaling in colon mucosal immu... | The present study shows that a chronic increase in HIF signaling in the colon epithelial cells initiates a hyperinflammatory reaction that may have important implications in developing therapeutic strategies for inflammatory bowel disease. | yes |
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