pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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18,437,078 | Does bRCA2 mutations as a universal risk factor for pancreatic cancer have a limited role in Korean ethnic group? | {
"contexts": [
"BRCA2 mutations are the well-known cause of inherited susceptibility to pancreatic cancer. However, the true association of BRCA2 mutations with pancreatic cancer may vary among different ethnic groups. As such, we aimed to determine the role of BRCA2 mutations as a risk factor for sporadic and f... | Our results suggest that the BRCA2 mutation may not contribute to increases in the risk for both sporadic and familial pancreatic cancer in Korea. | yes |
18,435,827 | Does serotonin induce vasoconstriction of smooth muscle cell-rich neointima through 5-hydroxytryptamine2A receptor in rabbit femoral arteries? | {
"contexts": [
"Smooth muscle cell (SMC)-rich intima is a morphological feature of atherosclerotic lesions that is observed in eroded plaque and spastic arteries. Arteries with SMC-rich intima are susceptible to vasoconstriction or vasospasm against some vasoactive agents.",
"The present study evaluates the ... | These results suggest that 5-HT plays a crucial role in thrombogenic vasoconstriction, and that SMC-rich intima as well as media directly contributes to the hypercontractile response of atherosclerotic vessels through the 5-HT(2A) receptor and the Rho-kinase pathway. | yes |
18,417,374 | Do histone deacetylase inhibitors suppress interleukin-1beta-induced nitric oxide and prostaglandin E2 production in human chondrocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Overproduction of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA). In the present study, we determined the effect of trichostatin A (TSA) and butyric acid (BA), two histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, on NO and PGE(2) synthes... | These data indicate that HDAC inhibitors suppressed IL-1-induced NO and PGE(2) synthesis, iNOS and COX-2 expression, as well as proteoglycan degradation. The suppressive effect of HDAC inhibitors is not due to impaired DNA-binding activity of NF-kappaB. These findings also suggest that HDAC inhibitors may be of potenti... | yes |
18,437,086 | Does pharmacologic disruption of TRPV1-expressing primary sensory neurons but not genetic deletion of TRPV1 protect mice against pancreatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Transient receptor potential subtype vanilloid 1 (TRPV1) is an ion channel that is primarily expressed by primary sensory neurons where it mediates pain and heat sensation and participates in neurogenic inflammation. In this study, we examined the role of TRPV1 during neurogenic activation of pan... | Nerves expressing TRPV1 participate in the neurogenic inflammation during acute pancreatitis. The lack of protection in TRPV1 null mice suggests that an alternate pathway to TRPV1 coexists in the same neurons. | yes |
18,439,224 | Does g protein beta3 subunit C825T polymorphism modify the presentation of temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimental studies suggest a role of G protein-mediated signaling pathways in epileptogenesis. A genetic variation affecting the G protein subunit Gbeta3 denoted the C825T polymorphism has been reported to increase the signaling efficiency through G(i) proteins and to modify responses to certai... | There was no increased frequency of TLE between the carriers of the TT genotype compared with the healthy controls and/or family members without epilepsy. However, the TLE patients with the TT genotype showed tendencies of a more severe disease phenotype. | yes |
18,427,855 | Is soy intake related to a lower body mass index in adult women? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimental and epidemiologic studies suggest that soy may promote weight loss.",
"The goal of this study was to examine the relation of soy intake with body weight over the lifespan of women with Caucasian, Japanese, and Native Hawaiian ancestry.",
"We assessed the relation between life... | In this study, women consuming more soy during adulthood had a lower BMI, but the relation was primarily observed for Caucasian and postmenopausal subjects. This indicates that the association may be due to other nutritional factors and behaviors common in women with high soy intake. | yes |
18,414,671 | Is vpr14-88-Apobec3G fusion protein efficiently incorporated into Vif-positive HIV-1 particles and inhibits viral infection? | {
"contexts": [
"APOBEC3G (A3G), a deoxycytidine deaminase, is a potent host antiviral factor that can restrict HIV-1 infection. During Vif-negative HIV-1 replication, A3G is incorporated into HIV-1 particles, induces mutations in reverse transcribed viral DNA and inhibits reverse transcription. However, HIV-1 Vi... | Our results clearly indicate that R88 delivers A3G into Vif(+) HIV-1 particles and inhibits infectivity and spread of the virions among CD4(+) T cells. This study provides evidence for an effective strategy to modify a host protein with innate anti-HIV-1 activity and rescue its potent anti-HIV potential in the presence... | yes |
18,413,832 | Is pathologic complete response to neoadjuvant chemotherapy of breast carcinoma associated with the disappearance of tumor-infiltrating foxp3+ regulatory T cells? | {
"contexts": [
"T-cell infiltration is associated with good tumor prognosis in many cancers. To assess the capacity of neoadjuvant chemotherapy to affect T-cell infiltration in breast cancer, we evaluated CD3 and CD8 infiltrates, and the Foxp3 immunosuppressive T cells.",
"CD3+, CD8+, and Foxp3+ cell infiltr... | These findings indicate that pCR to neoadjuvant chemotherapy is associated with an immunologic profile combining the absence of immunosuppressive Foxp3 cells and the presence of a high number of CD8 T cells and cytotoxic cells. These results argue for the induction of an antitumor immune response by chemotherapy. | yes |
18,413,839 | Does eXEL-7647 inhibit mutant forms of ErbB2 associated with lapatinib resistance and neoplastic transformation? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations associated with resistance to kinase inhibition are an important mechanism of intrinsic or acquired loss of clinical efficacy for kinase-targeted therapeutics. We report the prospective discovery of ErbB2 mutations that confer resistance to the small-molecule inhibitor lapatinib.",
... | Taken together, these data suggest potential target-based mechanisms of resistance to lapatinib and suggest that EXEL-7647 may be able to circumvent these effects. | yes |
18,423,053 | Does dNA demethylation-dependent enhancement of toll-like receptor-2 gene expression in cystic fibrosis epithelial cells involve SP1-activated transcription? | {
"contexts": [
"The clinical course of cystic fibrosis (CF) is characterized by recurrent pulmonary infections and chronic inflammation. We have recently shown that decreased methylation of the toll-like receptor-2 (TLR2) promoter leads to an apparent CF-related up-regulation of TLR2. This up-regulation could be... | This report implicates SP1 as a critical component of DNA demethylation-dependent up-regulation of TLR2 expression in CF epithelial cells. | yes |
18,412,861 | Does lL-37 regulate the overexpression of vascular endothelial growth factor ( VEGF ) and c-IAP-2 in human keratinocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The antimicrobial peptide PR39 is a porcine cathelicidin with angiogenic and antiapoptotic activities, as it can regulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and inhibitor apoptosis protein-2 (c-IAP-2) in endothelial cells. The human homolog LL-37 has been found to be high... | These results suggest that LL-37 may modulate the expression of VEGF and c-IAP-2 via HIF-1alpha in human keratinocytes. | yes |
18,430,768 | Are low-plasma insulin-like growth factor-I levels associated with impaired endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in a cohort of untreated , hypertensive Caucasian subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulating evidence suggests that IGF-I has protective vascular effects, supporting the possibility that IGF-I deficiency may contribute to atherosclerosis. However, the relationship between plasma IGF-I levels and endothelium-dependent vasodilatation is still unsettled.",
"We designed this... | These results demonstrate, for the first time, that low-plasma IGF-I levels are highly associated with reduced endothelial function, an early step in atherogenesis process. | yes |
18,421,078 | Does eRK/p44p42 mitogen-activated protein kinase mediate EGF-stimulated proliferation of conjunctival goblet cells in culture? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether activation of the ERK pathway by EGF leads to rat and human goblet cell proliferation.",
"The conjunctiva was removed from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Human conjunctiva was removed during ocular surgery. The tissue was minced and goblet cells were grown. The cells were stim... | EGF stimulated human and rat conjunctival goblet cell proliferation by activating the EGFR. EGFR stimulated ERK causing its biphasic translocation to the nucleus. The second peak response is responsible for cell proliferation, but the role of the first peak is not known. | yes |
18,418,227 | Is lipoprotein ( a ) associated with coronary heart disease independent of metabolic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess (i) the association between lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] with the likelihood of coronary heart disease and metabolic syndrome (MS) and (ii) its covariates in Turkish adults.",
"Cross-sectional evaluation of 1309 adults, who had serum Lp(a) determinations by Behring nephelometry, and follo... | Coronary heart disease likelihood, significantly associated with Lp(a) concentrations, is independent of MS and insulin resistance. Suggestive evidence was provided that intermediary Lp(a) concentrations, when accompanied by the presence of MS, could accelerate progression of vascular disease, especially in women. | yes |
18,413,500 | Do genetic components of the circadian clock regulate thrombogenesis in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Myocardial infarction, stroke, and sudden death undergo diurnal variation. Although genes relevant to hemostasis and vascular integrity undergo circadian oscillation, the role of the molecular clock in thrombotic events remains to be established.",
"A diurnal variation in the time to thrombot... | Key components of the molecular clock regulate the response to a thrombogenic stimulus in vivo. Such a phenomenon may interact with environmental variables, and together with the influence of these genes on blood pressure may contribute to the diurnal variation in cardiovascular events observed in humans. | yes |
18,420,997 | Is cholesterol absorption from the intestine a major determinant of reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissue macrophages? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the effect of ezetimibe, a cholesterol absorption (CA) inhibitor, and genetic determinants of CA on reverse cholesterol transport (RCT) from subcutaneously injected macrophages using a new dual isotope label technique.",
"Treatment of C57BL/6J mice with ezetimibe decreased dietary... | These findings indicate that pharmacological and genetic modifiers of cholesterol absorption are major determinants of reverse cholesterol transport from peripheral tissue macrophages. | yes |
18,415,651 | Is angiography indicated for every sentinel bleed after pancreaticoduodenectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Delayed massive bleeding is one of the leading causes of mortality after pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) and is often preceded by sentinel bleed. Immediate and accurate diagnosis of sentinel bleed is essential to save patients from a delayed massive hemorrhage. Angiography is probably the procedure ... | Institution of angiography for every detected sentinel bleed after PD enabled us to embolize seven pseudoaneurysms before massive hemorrhage. Most importantly, bleeding-related mortality was significantly less than in the absence of angiography. | yes |
18,418,234 | Does hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha induce the coronary collaterals for coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Marked variability exists in coronary artery collaterals in patients with ischemic heart disease. Multiple factors are thought to play a role in collateral development; however, the contribution of hypoxia inducible factor-1alpha (HIF-1alpha), which is a transcriptional activator that functions a... | These data suggest that higher inductions of HIF-1alpha are associated with coronary collaterals, thus implying that HIF-1alpha may promote coronary collateral formation. Detection of HIF-1alpha expression might be helpful to predict prognosis of patients with coronary artery disease. | yes |
18,427,204 | Does insulin resistance impair rapid virologic response in HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients on peginterferon-alfa-2a? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between insulin resistance and rapid virologic response.",
"All consecutive HIV/hepatitis C virus coinfected patients who started peg-interferon alpha-2a (180 microg/week) and ribavirin 1000-1200 mg/day were analysed.",
"Insulin resistance was defined accord... | The homeostasis model of assessment-insulin resistance score should be evaluated and possibly corrected before starting anti-hepatitis C virus therapy. | yes |
18,410,771 | Is lack of piped water and sewage services associated with pediatric lower respiratory tract infection in Alaska? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the association between the high incidence of lower respiratory tract infection (LRI) documented among young Alaskan children and the absence of modern water service (in-home piped water/septic system or water delivered by closed haul truck) found commonly in rural Alaskan communitie... | Lack of modern water service in Alaska is associated with high pediatric LRI incidence. These communities should receive modern water service, but this intervention alone may not dramatically reduce LRI burden. | yes |
18,420,963 | Does mapping of a novel susceptibility locus suggest a role for MC3R and CTSZ in human tuberculosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the developing world. A better understanding of the mechanisms of disease protection could allow novel strategies to disease management and control.",
"To identify human genomic loci with evidence of linkage to tuberculosis susc... | These results demonstrate how a genomewide approach to the complex phenotype of human tuberculosis can identify novel targets for further research. | yes |
18,420,960 | Does azithromycin improve macrophage phagocytic function and expression of mannose receptor in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Defective efferocytosis (phagocytic clearance of apoptotic cells) in the airway may perpetuate inflammation via secondary necrosis in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We have previously reported that low-dose azithromycin improved alveolar macrophage (AM) phagocytic function in vitro... | Our findings indicate a novel approach to supplement existing therapies in COPD. | yes |
18,420,961 | Do surfactant proteins A and D suppress alveolar macrophage phagocytosis via interaction with SIRP alpha? | {
"contexts": [
"Efficient removal of apoptotic cells is essential for the resolution of acute pulmonary inflammation. Alveolar macrophages ingest apoptotic cells less avidly than other professional phagocytes at rest but overcome this defect during acute inflammation. Surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D are poten... | SP-A and SP-D tonically inhibit alveolar macrophage phagocytosis by binding SIRP alpha. During acute pulmonary inflammation, defects in apoptotic cell clearance are overcome by recruited mononuclear phagocytes. | yes |
18,436,874 | Are tissue microstructural changes independently associated with cognitive impairment in cerebral amyloid angiopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral amyloid angiopathy (CAA) is a major cause of lobar intracerebral hemorrhage and cognitive impairment and is associated with white matter hyperintensities and cerebral microbleeds. MRI diffusion tensor imaging detects microstructural tissue damage in advanced CAA even in areas that appear... | Mean ADC is independently associated with preintracerebral hemorrhage cognitive impairment in CAA. The lack of correlation with other MRI markers of CAA suggests that mean ADC may be sensitive to distinct aspects of CAA pathology and its tissue consequences. These results suggest that global MRI diffusion changes are s... | yes |
18,425,832 | Does diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging allow monitoring of anticancer treatment effects in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) can be used as a surrogate marker of tumor response to anticancer therapy in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas.",
"Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) including echo-planar DWI sequences was performed prospectively in 23 consecutive patients with... | DWI can be used as a supplement to morphologic imaging for the evaluation of tumor response to anticancer therapy in patients with soft-tissue sarcomas. As cellular changes are expected to precede morphologic changes in treated tumors, DWI performed at an early stage of fractionated therapy may provide unique prognosti... | yes |
18,436,825 | Do transgenic mice expressing the Tyr437His mutant of human myocilin protein develop glaucoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To developed a genetic mouse model of primary open-angle glaucoma induced by expression of mutated human myocilin in transgenic mice and to test whether expression of mutated human myocilin in the eye angle structures produces more significant damage to the eye than does mutated mouse myocilin.",... | Expression of equivalent levels of mutated human or mouse myocilin in the eyes of transgenic mice produce comparable pathologic changes that are similar to those observed in patients with glaucoma. | yes |
18,436,829 | Does interleukin-10 gene polymorphism ( -1082G/A ) is associate with toxoplasmic retinochoroiditis? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimental data have demonstrated a relevant role for IL-10, an anti-inflammatory cytokine, in the modulation of acute ocular toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study was conducted to investigate the possible association between an IL10 gene polymorphism at position -1082 and toxoplasmic retinochor... | This study suggests that the genotypes related with a low production of IL-10 may be associated with the occurrence of TR. | yes |
18,416,850 | Does a gene set approach for identifying prognostic gene signatures for outcome prediction? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene expression profiling is a promising approach to better estimate patient prognosis; however, there are still unresolved problems, including little overlap among similarly developed gene sets and poor performance of a developed gene set in other datasets.",
"We applied a gene sets approach... | A gene sets approach is an effective method to develop prognostic gene sets to predict patient outcome and to understand the underlying biology of the developed gene set. Using the gene sets approach we identified many prognostic gene sets in breast cancer. | yes |
18,430,368 | Does chronic activation of neutral ceramidase protect beta-cells against cytokine-induced apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the activity and expression of neutral ceramidase (N-CDase) in the insulin-secreting cell line INS-1 and its role in the cellular response to cytokines.",
"HPLC, Western blotting, and quantitative real-time PCR were performed to detect the activity and expression of N-CDase in ... | The N-CDase pathway is active in INS-1 cells, and the chronic activation of N-CDase is involved in the pathological response of beta-cells to cytokines, potentially providing protection against cytokine toxicity. | yes |
18,430,361 | Does bilobalide inhibit 6-OHDA-induced activation of NF-kappaB and loss of dopaminergic neurons in rat substantia nigra? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of bilobalide on the activation of NF-kappaB, and apoptosis of dopaminergic neurons induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA).",
"A rat model of Parkinson's disease was produced with a unilateral infusion of 6-OHDA (8 mug) into the substantia nigra par compact. Bilobali... | NF-kappaB activation contributes to the 6-OHDA-induced loss of dopaminergic neurons, and the inhibition of the NF-kappaB pathway is likely to be involved in the neuroprotective effect of bilobalide. | yes |
18,430,363 | Does curcumin inhibit cellular cholesterol accumulation by regulating SREBP-1/caveolin-1 signaling pathway in vascular smooth muscle cells? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the protective effect and the possible mechanism of curcumin on anti-atherosclerosis.",
"Morphological changes of atherosclerotic lesions taken from apoE knockout (apoE-/-) mice were determined by hematoxylin- eosin staining. Intracellular lipid droplets and lipid levels were a... | Curcumin inhibits ox-LDL-induced cholesterol accumulation in cultured VSMC through increasing the caveolin-1 expression via the inhibition of nuclear translocation of SREBP-1. | yes |
18,430,367 | Is downregulation of STEAP4 , a highly-expressed TNF-alpha-inducible gene in adipose tissue , associated with obesity in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relationship between six-transmembrane epithelial antigen of the prostate 4 (STEAP4) expression and obesity.",
"RT-PCR and immunoblot analyses were performed to determine the differential expressions of STEAP4 mRNA and protein, respectively, in human omental adipose tissue fr... | STEAP4 was abundantly expressed in human adipose tissue, and the STEAP4 expression was significantly downregulated in obese patients. STEAP4 localized to the plasma membrane of adipocytes, and the STEAP4 expression was induced by TNF-alpha in adipose tissue. These data suggest that STEAP4 may play a significant role in... | yes |
18,430,366 | Does nitroglycerin enhance proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation in human mesenchymal stem cells via nitric oxide pathway? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of nitroglycerin (NTG) on cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (HBMSC) and its mechanisms.",
"Primary HBMSC were cultured in osteogenic differentiation medium consisting of phenol red-free alpha-minim... | NTG stimulates cell proliferation and osteoblastic differentiation of HBMSC through a direct release of NO, which is independent on intracellular NOS activity. | yes |
18,440,262 | Does analysis of mRNA transcripts improve the success rate of molecular genetic testing in OTC deficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"Ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC) deficiency is the most common inborn error of urea metabolism that can lead to hyperammonemic crises and orotic aciduria. To date, a total of 341 causative mutations within the OTC gene have been described. However, in about 20% of the patients with enzymatically ... | In patients with a strong suspicion of OTC deficiency despite normal results of sequencing exonic regions of the OTC gene, characterization of liver OTC mRNA is highly effective in resolving the genotype. Liver tissue sampling by needle aspiration allows for both enzymatic analysis and RNA based diagnostics of OTC defi... | yes |
18,430,197 | Is mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis associated with type-2 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of pathogenic mycobacteria in diabetes has been a focus of speculation since a decade without any meaningful insights into the mechanism of diabetes causation vis a vis mycobacterial factors. Two of our studies based on PCR identification of mycobacterial DNA and detection of antibodies ... | We found no obvious association of MAP with the incidence of T2DM in Sardinian patients. | no |
18,426,822 | Is early or advanced stage type 2 diabetes accompanied by in vivo skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Several lines of evidence support a potential role of skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and/or type 2 diabetes. However, it remains to be established whether mitochondrial dysfunction represents either cause or consequence of the disease. We exami... | The finding that in vivo skeletal muscle oxidative capacity does not differ between long-standing, insulin-treated type 2 diabetes patients, subjects with early stage type 2 diabetes and sedentary, normoglycaemic controls suggests that mitochondrial dysfunction does not necessarily represent either cause or consequence... | no |
18,426,825 | Are variations in the uncoupling protein-3 gene associated with specific obesity phenotypes? | {
"contexts": [
"Uncoupling protein 3 (UCP-3) uncouples oxidative metabolism from ATP synthesis, resulting in the production of heat instead of energy storage. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in UCP-3 might result in a reduced function or expression of UCP-3 and therefore lead to an increased capacity to s... | Our results suggest that genetic variations in the UCP-3 gene are associated with an increase in BMI. A plausible mechanism by which these SNPs lead to an increase in BMI is that due to these SNPs, the UCP-3 activity might be decreased. As a result, uncoupling activity may also decrease, which will lead to an increase ... | yes |
18,431,085 | Are platelet activating factor-acetylhydrolase ( PAF-AH ) activity and HDL levels , but not PAF-AH gene polymorphisms , associated with successful aging in Sicilian octogenarians? | {
"contexts": [
"Aging is associated with an increased risk of developing atherosclerosis. Subjects over 80 years of age without cardiovascular disease provide a model to investigate the protective factors increasing their resistance to atherosclerotic disease. Platelet-activating factor acetylhydrolase (PAF-AH) ... | Our results provide no evidence of a significant association between the PAF-AH gene Arg92His, Ile198Thr and Ala379Val polymorphisms and successful aging in Sicilians. They also emphasize that, in these subjects, aging is characterized by increased levels of PAF-AH activity and HDL-C. | yes |
18,433,330 | Do serum-induced iron-acquisition systems and TonB contribute to virulence in Klebsiella pneumoniae causing primary pyogenic liver abscess? | {
"contexts": [
"Klebsiella pneumoniae has become the predominant pathogen causing primary pyogenic liver abscess (PLA).",
"K. pneumoniae was stimulated by human serum, and gene expression was analyzed by microarray.",
"Three putative iron acquisition systems, Yersinia high-pathogenicity island (HPI), iuc... | Iron uptake systems were the genes in K. pneumoniae that were highly up-regulated in response to sera. Although there are multiple iron transporter systems in NTUH-K2044, a mutation in all 3 loci (irp2, iuc, and iroA) is necessary to decrease virulence. The tonB mutant is a potential vaccine candidate because it can in... | yes |
18,440,316 | Is sp1 required for glucose-induced transcriptional regulation of mouse vesicular glutamate transporter 2 gene? | {
"contexts": [
"Vesicular glutamate transporter (VGLUT) has been reported to be involved in glucose-induced insulin secretion. It has been shown that glucose stimulates the expression of VGLUT isoform 2 (VGLUT2) in beta cells via transcriptional mechanism. In this study, we identified the mouse VGLUT2 (mVGLUT2) ... | We cloned the mouse VGLUT2 promoter and showed a novel molecular mechanism of glucose-induced mVGLUT2 transcription. | yes |
18,435,836 | Is eosinopenia a reliable marker of sepsis on admission to medical intensive care units? | {
"contexts": [
"Eosinopenia is a cheap and forgotten marker of acute infection that has not been evaluated previously in intensive care units (ICUs). The aim of the present study was to test the value of eosinopenia in the diagnosis of sepsis in patients admitted to ICUs.",
"A prospective study of consecutiv... | Eosinopenia is a good diagnostic marker in distinguishing between noninfection and infection, but is a moderate marker in discriminating between SIRS and infection in newly admitted critically ill patients. Eosinopenia may become a helpful clinical tool in ICU practices. | yes |
18,412,757 | Does cannabis withdrawal predict severity of cannabis involvement at 1-year follow-up among treated adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"Controversy exists regarding the inclusion of cannabis withdrawal as an indicator of dependence in the next revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and International Classification of Diseases (ICD). This study contrasted the concurrent and predictive validity ... | All three definitions of cannabis withdrawal demonstrated some concurrent validity. Only the four-symptom and latent class-derived definitions of withdrawal predicted severity of cannabis-related problems at 1-year follow-up. No cannabis withdrawal definition predicted frequency of use at follow-up. Further research is... | yes |
18,438,852 | Do inflammatory stimuli accelerate Sjögren 's syndrome-like disease in ( NZB x NZW ) F1 mice? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was undertaken to determine whether induction of systemic inflammation accelerates the development of Sjögren's syndrome (SS) in genetically susceptible mice.",
"Female (NZB x NZW)F1 mice were treated with either Freund's incomplete adjuvant (IFA) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS)... | Our data suggest that generalized inflammatory stimuli can accelerate the development of SS-like disease in (NZB x NZW)F1 mice, and that gland dysfunction in SS can develop prior to the generation of a robust adaptive autoimmune response. | yes |
18,438,854 | Is reciprocal cross-talk between RANKL and interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 responsible for bone-erosive experimental arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Interferon-gamma-inducible protein 10 (IP-10; also called CXCL10), a chemokine important in the migration and proliferation of T cells, is induced in a wide variety of cell types. However, the role of IP-10 in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to exa... | Our findings suggest that IP-10 plays a critical role in the infiltration of CD4+ T cells and F4/80+ macrophages into inflamed joints and causes bone destruction. Our results provide the first evidence that IP-10 contributes to the recruitment of inflammatory cells and is involved in bone erosion in inflamed joints. | yes |
18,437,911 | Does genistein inhibit proliferation of human endometrial endothelial cell in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of genistein on proliferation of human endometrial endothelial cells (HEECs) and glandular epithelium.",
"In vitro HEECs and human endometrial cancer-1B cell (HEC-1B) were cultured with 0, 1, 10, 50, 100, and 200 micromol/L of genistein alone or indicated concentrations ... | Genistein at the concentration of 200 micromol/L can sufficiently inhibit the proliferation of HEECs and endometrial glandular epithelium simultaneously in vitro. | yes |
18,439,153 | Does high cholesterol feeding in C57/Blc6 mice alter expression within the VEGF receptor-ligand family in corporal tissue? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiogenesis, the growth and proliferation of blood vessels from existing vascular structures, is mediated by many cytokine growth factors and receptors, among the most important are the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) family.",
"Decreases in VEGF receptor signaling have been linked... | Cholesterol feeding in C57BL6 mice results in alterations in the VEGF receptor-ligand family that may initially serve to limit the degree of vascular injury but these adaptations fail with the continuation of cholesterol feeding. | yes |
18,414,667 | Does immature cryopreserved ovary restore puberty and fertility in mice without alteration of epigenetic marks? | {
"contexts": [
"Progress in oncology could improve survival rate in children, but would probably lead to impaired fertility and puberty. In pre-pubertal girls, the only therapeutic option is the cryopreservation of one ovary. Three births have been reported after reimplantation of cryopreserved mature ovary. Con... | These results demonstrate that immature ovarian grafting can restore spontaneous puberty and fertility. However, these data suggest that follicle depletion leads to premature ovarian failure. This study addresses the very important epigenetics issue, and provides valuable information to the study of ovarian transplanta... | yes |
18,439,461 | Does utility of spiral and cine CT scan in pediatric patients suspected of aspirating radiolucent foreign bodies? | {
"contexts": [
"To review our experience with spiral and cine CT imaging for the diagnosis of foreign body aspiration.",
"Fifty-one consecutive pediatric patients suspected of aspirating radiolucent FBs underwent chest radiography and a 3-dimensional spiral CT scan with 12 also undergoing a cine CT scan with... | These findings suggest that CT scans may be used in airway FB management of pediatric patients, especially with diagnostic dilemmas, and further prospective evaluations should be considered to assess its overall efficacy. | yes |
18,430,770 | Is serum retinol binding protein 4 related to insulin resistance and nonoxidative glucose metabolism in lean and obese women with normal glucose tolerance? | {
"contexts": [
"Retinol-binding protein (RBP) 4 is secreted by adipose tissue and is postulated to be a determinant of insulin sensitivity. The mechanisms of RBP4 insulin desensitizing action remain unclear.",
"The aim of the present study was to estimate the relationships between serum RBP4 concentration wi... | Our data indicate that serum RBP4 is related to decreased insulin sensitivity, mostly through its association with nonoxidative glucose metabolism. | yes |
18,426,079 | Are hematological malignancies associated with a lower interferon-a blocking activity than solid tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"Interferon (IFN) and especially IFN-alpha exhibit clinical anti-tumor activity against various types of malignant diseases. Natural inhibitors to various cytokines and IFNs have been documented in vitro as well as in vivo. IFN inhibitors have been implicated for the ineffectiveness of IFN treatme... | The fact that IFN inhibitors were detected at a significantly lower percentage in sera from patients with haematological malignancies versus patients with solid tumours, could explain in part the better response of the haematological malignancies to IFN treatment. | yes |
18,422,963 | Does polaprezinc attenuate liver fibrosis in a mouse model of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect of polaprezinc, a zinc-carnosine chelate compound, on the development of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) was investigated in dietary methionine and choline deficient (MCD) mice.",
"Mice were fed the MCD diet with or without polaprezinc (2.2 g/kg diet) for 10 weeks. Liver histo... | These results suggest that polaprezinc attenuates fibrosis in NASH by reducing inflammation and lipid peroxidation and, during a later phase, promoting fibrolysis via the inhibition of TIMP expression in the liver. Further investigation is required to clarify the clinical efficacy of polaprezinc in patients with NASH. | yes |
18,421,237 | Does anterior uveitis accompany joint disease in a murine model resembling ankylosing spondylitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Uveitis is often associated with a systemic inflammatory disease such as ankylosing spondylitis. Our understanding of the eye's susceptibility to immune-mediated uveitis as in the apparent absence of infection has been limited by a relative lack of experimental models. Here we sought to assess wh... | Although these data are preliminary, this model has the potential to clarify the mechanisms accounting for the coexistence of eye and sacroiliac inflammation as occurs in patients with ankylosing spondylitis. | yes |
18,434,886 | Are sepsis syndrome and death in trauma patients associated with variation in the gene encoding tumor necrosis factor? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients encountering severe trauma are at risk of developing sepsis syndrome and subsequent multiple organ failure. This is often associated with fatal outcome despite survival of the initial injury. We postulate that variation of the gene coding for tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is associat... | Common TNF gene variants are associated with sepsis syndrome and death after severe injury. These findings are strongly supported by functional data and may be important for developing preemptive anti-inflammatory interventions in carriers of the risk-associated allele. | yes |
18,434,887 | Does polydeoxyribonucleotide improve angiogenesis and wound healing in experimental thermal injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Polydeoxyribonucleotide contains a mixture of nucleotides and interacts with adenosine receptors, stimulating vascular endothelial growth factor expression and wound healing. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of polydeoxyribonucleotide on experimental burn wounds.",
"Ran... | Our study suggests that polydeoxyribonucleotide may be an effective therapeutic approach to improve clinical outcomes after thermal injury. | yes |
18,434,617 | Is rust urine after intense hand drumming caused by extracorpuscular hemolysis? | {
"contexts": [
"During Carnival, groups of > or =60 drummers go drumming with their hands and marching for periods of 2 to 4 h. The objective of this study was to determine the frequency and type of urinary abnormalities after candombe drumming and to evaluate possible pathogenic mechanisms.",
"For analysis ... | Taken together, these data confirm that rust urine is caused by extracorpuscular hemolysis. | yes |
18,419,742 | Does globular adiponectin induce platelet activation through the collagen receptor GPVI-Fc receptor gamma chain complex? | {
"contexts": [
"The adipocyte-derived cytokine, adiponectin (Ad), exerts potent vascular effects, although the direct effects of Ad on blood platelets are unclear.",
"The influence of globular Ad (gAd) on blood platelet function was investigated.",
"We measured platelet aggregation and tyrosine phosphory... | We identify gAd as a novel ligand for GPVI that stimulates tyrosine kinase-dependent platelet aggregation. Our data raise the possibility that gAd may promote unwanted platelet activation at sites of vascular injury. | yes |
18,419,744 | Does food-entrained rhythmic expression of PER2 and BMAL1 in murine megakaryocytes correlate with circadian rhythms in megakaryopoiesis? | {
"contexts": [
"Circadian rhythms control a vast array of biological processes in a broad spectrum of organisms. The contribution of circadian rhythms to the development of megakaryocytes and the regulation of platelet biology has not been defined.",
"This study tested the hypothesis that murine megakaryocyt... | Normal megakaryopoiesis requires synchrony between food- and light-entrained circadian oscillators. | no |
18,417,956 | Do lymphoma and leukemia cells possess fractal dimensions that correlate with their biological features? | {
"contexts": [
"Living cells can be viewed as complex adaptive systems that exhibit non-linear dynamics and fractal features. We investigated the fractal qualities of normal and malignant hematological cells and their potential as a tool for characterizing cell phenotype and clinical behavior.",
"A mathemati... | Hematological cells possess fractal dimensions that correlate with their biological properties. Measurement of fractal dimension seems to be a sensitive method to assess the hematological cell phenotype and to define a clinical group. This tool may be potentially useful for the evaluation of clinical behavior of hemato... | yes |
18,427,126 | Is thymosin beta4 an essential paracrine factor of embryonic endothelial progenitor cell-mediated cardioprotection? | {
"contexts": [
"Prolonged myocardial ischemia results in cardiomyocyte loss despite successful revascularization. We have reported that retrograde application of embryonic endothelial progenitor cells (eEPCs) provides rapid paracrine protection against ischemia-reperfusion injury. Here, we investigated the role ... | Our findings show that short-term cardioprotection derived by regional application of eEPCs can be attributed, at least in part, to Tbeta4. | yes |
18,440,081 | Are genetic variants at the resistin locus associated with the plasma resistin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the relation of the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the resistin gene on the plasma resistin concentration and cardiovascular risk factors.",
"Plasma resistin concentrations were measured and SNP -420C>G, +157C>T, and +299G>A genotyped in our Finnish population-based coho... | The results imply that genetic variation seems to have a role in the determination of plasma resistin level. SNP -420C-C homozygozity status seems to be associated with more deleterious metabolic profile. | yes |
18,430,372 | Does berberine inhibit cyclin D1 expression via suppressed binding of AP-1 transcription factors to CCND1 AP-1 motif? | {
"contexts": [
"To verify the suppressive effect of berberine on the proliferation of the human pulmonary giant cell carcinoma cell line PG and to demonstrate the mechanisms behind the antitumoral effects of berberine.",
"The proliferative effects of PG cells were detected by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5... | Berberine suppresses the activity of the AP-1 signaling pathway and decreases the binding of transcription factors to the CCND1 AP-1 motif. This is one of the important mechanisms behind the antitumoral effects of berberine as a regulator of cyclin D1. | yes |
18,430,370 | Does adenovirus-mediated expression of SSAT inhibit colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To construct a recombinant adenovirus that can express human spermidine/ spermine N1-acetyltransferase (SSAT) and detect its inhibitory effect on colorectal cancer cell growth in vitro.",
"A 516 bp cDNA of SSAT was amplified and cloned into a pGL3-hTERT plasmid. The pGL3-hTERT-SSAT recombinan... | The successfully constructed recombinant adenovirus Ad-hTERT-SSAT could accelerate polyamine catabolism and inhibit the colorectal cell growth in vitro. It also has therapeutic potential in the treatment of colorectal cancer. | yes |
18,436,790 | Does mitochondrial respiratory complex I regulate neutrophil activation and severity of lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Mitochondria have important roles in intracellular energy generation, modulation of apoptosis, and redox-dependent intracellular signaling. Although reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in the regulation of intracellular signaling pathways, including activation of nuclear factor (NF)-kappaB,... | These results demonstrate that mitochondrial complex I plays an important role in modulating Toll-like receptor 4-mediated neutrophil activation and suggest that metformin, as well as other agents that inhibit mitochondrial complex I, may be useful in the prevention or treatment of acute inflammatory processes in which... | yes |
18,436,791 | Does insulin-like growth factor-1 improve survival in sepsis via enhanced hepatic bacterial clearance? | {
"contexts": [
"Both insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1 and bacterial clearance by Kupffer cells are significantly reduced in severe sepsis. Kupffer cell apoptosis is triggered by tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha and activation of the PI-3 kinase pathway prevents TNF-induced Kupffer cell death.",
"We evalua... | These studies show that the decline in IGF-1 levels in sepsis is related to bacterial clearance and that replacement of IGF-1 in a murine model of sepsis improves overall survival. | yes |
18,437,689 | Does vasculature-targeted tumor necrosis factor-alpha increase the therapeutic index of doxorubicin against prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Poor penetration and uneven distribution of doxorubicin in tumors limits the efficacy of this drug in patients with prostate cancer (PC). Aim of the study was to investigate whether pre-treatment with NGR-TNF, a tumor necrosis factor-alpha derivative able to target tumor vessels and alter vessel ... | Pre-treatment with NGR-TNF significantly expanded the therapeutic index of doxorubicin in mouse models of hormone-dependent and -independent PC. | yes |
18,431,123 | Does hypertonic resuscitation improve neuronal and behavioral outcomes after traumatic brain injury plus hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
": Resuscitation with hypertonic saline or hypertonic saline plus l-arginine acutely improves cerebral blood flow after traumatic brain injury (TBI) followed by hemorrhagic hypotension. The authors investigated whether hypertonic saline or hypertonic l-arginine would improve long-term neuronal sur... | : Hypertonic saline and hypertonic l-arginine were both effective at promoting long-term neuronal survival and behavioral recovery. The slightly earlier improvement in Morris water maze performance in the hypertonic l-arginine group warrants further studies to determine whether higher doses of l-arginine provide additi... | yes |
18,422,954 | Do gaseous environments modify physiology in the brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae during batch alcoholic fermentation? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the impact of different gaseous atmospheres on different physiological parameters in the brewing yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae BRAS291 during batch fermentation.",
"Yeasts were cultivated on a defined medium with a continuous sparging of hydrogen, helium and oxygen or without ... | The use of gas led to drastic changes in the cell size, primary energy metabolism and internal redox balance and E(h). These changes were different depending on the gas applied throughout the culture. | yes |
18,440,278 | Does outcomes and presurgery correlate of lumbar discectomy in Utah Workers ' Compensation patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Lumbar discectomy is the most common type of back surgery performed in the United States. Outcomes after this procedure can be variable and it appears that Workers' Compensation patients might be at increased risk for poor outcomes.",
"To examine long-term multidimensional outcomes of lumbar ... | Results of this study suggest that compensated back surgery patients are at greater risk for poor lumbar discectomy outcomes than noncompensation patients. Presurgery correlates of poor outcomes may be useful in identifying high-risk compensation patients. | yes |
18,436,882 | Do vascular subcortical hyperintensities predict conversion to vascular and mixed dementia in MCI patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) have an increased risk of dementia. The identification of predictors of conversion to dementia is therefore important. The aim of our study was to test the hypothesis that subcortical hyperintensities (SH) are associated with an increased rate of conv... | The risk of vascular or mixed dementia, but not of other types of dementia, was significantly increased in MCI patients with a large amount of subcortical hyperintensities at baseline. | yes |
18,422,859 | Is toxicity related to autologous peripheral blood haematopoietic progenitor cell infusion associated with number of granulocytes in graft , gender and diagnosis of multiple myeloma? | {
"contexts": [
"We prospectively evaluated the infusion-related toxicity of autologous peripheral blood progenitor cells (PBPC) in 215 patients with haematologic malignancies or solid tumours.",
"PBPCs were collected by apheresis after mobilization with chemotherapy and/or granulocyte-colony-stimulating fact... | Our results indicate that beside the infused DMSO dose, the composition of graft as well as patient's diagnosis are also very important factors for infusion-related toxicity. | yes |
18,427,399 | Do men with atherosclerotic stenosis of the carotid artery have lower testosterone levels compared with controls? | {
"contexts": [
"There is evidence to suggest an inverse association between serum levels of testosterone and coronary heart disease. The aim of this study was to compare endogenous sex hormone levels of men with severe internal carotid artery (ICA) atherosclerosis with age-matched controls.",
"Metabolic para... | This study provides evidence of a positive association between low serum androgen levels and severe ICA atherosclerosis in men. It suggests that higher, but physiological, levels of androgens could have a protective role in the development of atherosclerosis. | yes |
18,426,834 | Does letrozole once a week normalize serum testosterone in obesity-related male hypogonadism? | {
"contexts": [
"Isolated hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (IHH) is frequently observed in severely obese men, probably as a result of increased estradiol (E(2)) production and E(2)-mediated negative feedback on pituitary LH secretion. Aromatase inhibitors can reverse this process. This study evaluates whether letro... | Letrozole 2.5 mg once a week produced a sustained normalization of serum total testosterone in obese men with IHH. However, free testosterone frequently rose to supraphysiological levels. Therefore, a starting dose <2.5 mg once a week is recommended. | yes |
18,426,831 | Are body mass index and ovarian function associated with endocrine and metabolic abnormalities in women with hyperandrogenic syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to evaluate associations of clinical features, such as hirsutism, polycystic ovaries (PCOs), ovulatory dysfunction, and body mass index (BMI) > or =25 kg/m(2), with metabolic abnormalities in hyperandrogenic women.",
"Hirsutism was based on the modified Ferriman-Gall... | In women with hyperandrogenic syndrome, BMI> or =25 kg/m(2) and amenorrhea appear to be associated with severe endocrine and metabolic abnormalities. | yes |
18,431,091 | Is diffuse musculoskeletal pain associated with low vitamin D levels or improved by treatment with vitamin D? | {
"contexts": [
"Uncontrolled studies have suggested that vitamin D insufficiency causes diffuse musculoskeletal pain.",
"Comparison of vitamin D levels in patients with diffuse musculoskeletal pain with controls; evaluation of the effect of treatment with vitamin D on diffuse pain.",
"25-Hydroxyvitamin D... | Low vitamin D levels are not associated with diffuse musculoskeletal pain, and treatment with vitamin D does not reduce pain in patients with diffuse pain who have low vitamin D levels. | no |
18,426,936 | Are maternal smoking habits associated with differences in infants ' long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in whole blood : a case-control study? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effects of maternal smoking on the status of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) in infants' whole-blood lipids.",
"A case-control matched study planned on the basis of preliminary observations.",
"Maternity ward.",
"A total of 159 healthy, term, breastfed inf... | Maternal smoking is associated with a reduction in LCPUFA pools in infants, which might have structural and functional consequences. | yes |
18,440,308 | Are plasma levels of myeloperoxidase elevated in patients with stable coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Plasma and serum levels of myeloperoxidase (MPO), a redox-active hemoprotein released by polymorphonuclear neutrophils (PMN) upon activation, is now recognized as a powerful prognostic determinant of myocardial infarction in patients suffering acute coronary syndromes. However, there is limited i... | In conclusion, plasma MPO levels were not elevated in patients with stable CAD, suggesting that systemic release of MPO is not a characteristic feature of asymptomatic CAD. | no |
18,435,468 | Is ribavirin exposure after the first dose predictive of sustained virological response in chronic hepatitis C? | {
"contexts": [
"The impact of ribavirin exposure on sustained virological response (SVR) in patients with chronic hepatitis C is unknown. Preliminary studies showed marked inter-individual variability of ribavirin concentrations despite dose adjustment for body weight (BW) and suggested there was a correlation b... | Ribavirin exposure at D0 is significantly related to SVR. To our knowledge, this is the first study to give an early pharmacokinetic predictor of SVR. We propose a minimum AUC(0-4h) threshold of 1755 microg/hour/L at D0 as a target for ribavirin dose adjustment. | yes |
18,439,241 | Are axon-bearing and axon-less horizontal cell subtypes generated consecutively during chick retinal development from progenitors that are sensitive to follistatin? | {
"contexts": [
"Horizontal cells are retinal interneurons that modulate the output from photoreceptors. A rich literature on the morphological classification and functional properties of HCs in different animals exists, however, the understanding of the events underlying their development is still limited. In mo... | The results imply that the axon-bearing and axon-less HC subgroups are defined early and are generated consecutively from a retinal progenitor cell population that is sensitive to the inhibitory action of follistatin. The results are consistent with a model wherein added follistatin causes HC-generating progenitors to ... | yes |
18,433,785 | Does nicotinic signaling ameliorate acute bladder inflammation induced by protamine sulfate or cyclophosphamide? | {
"contexts": [
"Nicotinic afferent pathways may be involved in the regulation of bladder inflammation. Based on that hypothesis we investigated the role of nicotinic signaling in a comparative analysis of 2 models of experimental bladder inflammation using protamine sulfate and cyclophosphamide.",
"Protamine... | Acutely cyclophosphamide treatment results in a greater frank bladder inflammation model in mice than protamine sulfate. However, cholinergic signaling can inhibit inflammation by either mechanism of induced bladder injury. Interleukin-6 gene expression is present and it can be regulated by afferent neuronal signaling ... | yes |
18,437,904 | Does intrathecal glycine significantly decrease the minimum alveolar concentration of isoflurane in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of intrathecal administration of glycine on the minimum alveolar concentration (MAC) of isoflurane in rats.",
"Intrathecal catheters were implanted in 40 adult male rats anesthetized with isoflurane. Baseline MAC of isoflurane was measured during the infusion of artific... | Intrathecal administration of glycine decreases anesthetic requirement This result supports the idea that glycine receptors may be important to the immobilizing effect of anesthetics that enhance glycine receptor function such as isoflurane. | yes |
18,417,198 | Is alveolar macrophage phagocytosis impaired in children with poorly controlled asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Lower respiratory tract infection is a differentiating feature of children with poorly controlled asthma.",
"Given the role of alveolar macrophages (AMs) in innate immunity, we hypothesized that AM phagocytosis might be impaired in poorly controlled asthma.",
"Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid... | AM function is compromised in children with poorly controlled asthma and is characterized by decreased phagocytosis and increased apoptosis. | yes |
18,427,407 | Does energy expenditure of submaximal running increase after cycle-run transition? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was performed to determine the relationship between increased fat oxidation and decreased running efficiency following intense cycling exercise.",
"Twenty-two middle-level triathletes were studied during submaximal running before and after submaximal cycling exercise. All subjects ... | We suggest that the decrease in RER drop may be a result of greater lipid oxidation as metabolic substrate after cycling exercise. | no |
18,420,484 | Does plasma C5 glucose-to-2H2O ratio provide an accurate assessment of gluconeogenesis during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps in either nondiabetic or diabetic humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Measurement of plasma C2 glucose enrichment is cumbersome. Therefore, the plasma C5 glucose-to-(2)H(2)O rather than the plasma C5-to-C2 glucose ratio commonly has been used to measure gluconeogenesis and glycogenolysis during hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamps. The validity of this approach is un... | Plasma C5 glucose-to-(2)H(2)O ratio does not provide an accurate assessment of gluconeogenesis in nondiabetic or diabetic subjects during a traditional (i.e., 2-3 h) hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. The conclusions of studies that have used this approach need to be reevaluated. | no |
18,420,486 | Is mAPK kinase kinase-1 essential for cytokine-induced c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB activation in human pancreatic islet cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The transcription factor nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) and the mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) c-Jun NH(2)-terminal kinase (JNK) 1/2 are known to play decisive roles in cytokine-induced damage of rodent beta-cells. The upstream events by which these factors are activated in response... | MEKK-1 mediates cytokine-induced JNK- and NF-kappaB activation, and this event is necessary for iNOS expression and cell death. | yes |
18,419,027 | Do contract case managers prove cost effective in federal workers ' compensation programs? | {
"contexts": [
"This pilot study examined whether contract case managers are cost effective in reducing workers' compensation (WC) costs and preventing injuries.",
"We placed contract medical case managers at four installations where they employed private industry best practices. A needs assessment was perfo... | This study of medical case managers demonstrates they can reduce WC costs. | yes |
18,433,491 | Do mDM2 gene SNP309 T/G and p53 gene SNP72 G/C influence diffuse large B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma onset or survival in central European Caucasians? | {
"contexts": [
"SNP309 T/G (rs2279744) causes higher levels of MDM2, the most important negative regulator of the p53 tumor suppressor. SNP72 G/C (rs1042522) gives rise to a p53 protein with a greatly reduced capacity to induce apoptosis. Both polymorphisms have been implicated in cancer. The SNP309 G-allele has... | In contrast to the previous study on Ashkenazi Jewish Caucasians, DLBCL in pre-menopausal women of central European Caucasian ethnicity was not associated with SNP309 G. Neither SNP309 nor SNP72 seem to be correlated with age of onset, diagnosis, or survival of patients. | no |
18,417,549 | Are triphalangeal thumb-polysyndactyly syndrome and syndactyly type IV caused by genomic duplications involving the long range , limb-specific SHH enhancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The Sonic hedgehog (SHH) protein produced in the zone of polarising activity (ZPA) is a major determinant of the identity and numbers of digits in early limb development. Preaxial polydactyly types II (PPD2) and III (PPD3) have been mapped to a critical region at 7q36, and subsequently shown to b... | Both TPTPS and SD4 are due to duplications involving ZRS, the limb specific SHH enhancer. Point mutations in the ZRS and duplications encompassing the ZRS cause distinctive limb phenotypes. | yes |
18,412,953 | Is drosophila Uri , a PP1alpha binding protein , essential for viability , maintenance of DNA integrity and normal transcriptional activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) is involved in diverse cellular processes, and is targeted to substrates via interaction with many different protein binding partners. PP1 catalytic subunits (PP1c) fall into PP1alpha and PP1beta subfamilies based on sequence analysis, however very few PP1c binding pro... | Uri is the first PP1alpha specific binding protein to be described in Drosophila. Uri protein plays a role in transcriptional regulation. Activity of uri is required to maintain DNA integrity and cell survival in normal development. | yes |
18,412,956 | Does myeloproliferative disorder FOP-FGFR1 fusion kinase recruit phosphoinositide-3 kinase and phospholipase Cgamma at the centrosome? | {
"contexts": [
"The t(6;8) translocation found in rare and agressive myeloproliferative disorders results in a chimeric gene encoding the FOP-FGFR1 fusion protein. This protein comprises the N-terminal region of the centrosomal protein FOP and the tyrosine kinase of the FGFR1 receptor. FOP-FGFR1 is localized at ... | These results delineate a particular type of oncogenic mechanism by which an ectopic kinase recruits its substrates at the centrosome whence unappropriate signaling induces continuous cell growth and MPD. | yes |
18,438,268 | Does hemostatic agent microporous polysaccharide hemospheres ( MPH ) affect healing or intact sinus mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"Absorbable hemostatic agents are used routinely following sinus surgery. Recent studies suggest that current biomaterials, such as FloSeal Matrix Hemostatic Sealant (Fusion Medical Technologies, Mountain View, CA) may interfere with mucosal regeneration. This study was designed to evaluate the ef... | Absorbable hemostatic materials have starkly different effects on mucosal healing. Unlike other agents, MPH is rapidly cleared and has no negative effects on healing or intact sinus mucosa. | no |
18,427,315 | Do static electromagnetic fields generated by corrosion currents inhibit human osteoblast differentiation? | {
"contexts": [
"Human osteoblast cultures were exposed to a very low intensity static magnetic fields (SMF) to investigate its effects on osteoblast growth and differentiation.",
"Analysis of the effects of periprosthetic SMF on the growth and differentiation of human osteoblast cell cultures in vitro.",
... | Continuous low-intensity electromagnetic field comparable to the one that generates around metal devices because of the generation of corrosion currents inhibits osteoblasts differentiation pattern and might contribute at least in part to a decrease in periprosthetic bone formation occurring in vivo. | yes |
18,423,565 | Does grass pollen immunotherapy induce Foxp3-expressing CD4+ CD25+ cells in the nasal mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"Regulatory T (Treg) cells play an important role in controlling allergic inflammation. The transcription factor Foxp3 regulates the development and function of natural and adaptive CD4(+)CD25(+) Treg cells.",
"We sought to examine the effect of grass pollen injection immunotherapy on the numb... | The presence of local Foxp3(+)CD25(+)CD3(+) cells in the nasal mucosa, their increased numbers after immunotherapy, and their association with clinical efficacy and suppression of seasonal allergic inflammation support a putative role for Treg cells in the induction of allergen-specific tolerance in human subjects. | yes |
18,423,564 | Does yin-Yang 1 regulate effector cytokine gene expression and T ( H ) 2 immune responses? | {
"contexts": [
"The transcription factor Yin-Yang 1 (YY-1) binds to the promoter regions of several T-cell cytokine genes, but the expression and contribution of this factor to cytokine gene expression and T-cell activation in vivo is not clear.",
"We sought to better define the role of YY-1 in T-cell gene r... | These data indicate that YY-1 regulates T-cell cytokine gene expression and allergic immune responses in a gene dose-dependent manner. | yes |
18,413,173 | Is cardiorespiratory capacity associated with favourable cardiovascular risk profile in patients with Type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to examine the interaction between cardiorespiratory capacity and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).",
"A total of 92 patients with T2DM (40 men, 52 women) performed a symptom-limited exercise test on ergocycle, with continu... | Low cardiorespiratory fitness seems to be independently associated with most traditional and emerging cardiovascular risk factors in patients with T2DM. Even a moderate increase of cardiorespiratory fitness exerts beneficial effects on cardiovascular risk profile. | yes |
18,411,215 | Does bolus infusion of human urinary trypsin inhibitor improve intractable interstitial pneumonia in patients with connective tissue diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"Interstitial pneumonia (IP) associated with CTDs often progresses despite conventional immunosuppressive treatment. We investigated the efficacy of human urinary trypsin (UT) inhibitor (ulinastatin) on refractory IP.",
"Five patients with IP received UT inhibitor (3 x 10(5) U) infusion into t... | UT inhibitor bolus infusion therapy is a potentially useful therapeutic strategy for intractable IP based on the different mechanism of action relative to conventional immunosuppressive therapy and lack of serious treatment-related adverse effects. | yes |
18,438,639 | Are blood vessels of human islets of Langerhans surrounded by a double basement membrane? | {
"contexts": [
"Based on mouse study findings, pancreatic islet cells are supposed to lack basement membrane (BM) and interact directly with vascular endothelial BM. Until now, the BM composition of human islets has remained elusive.",
"Immunohistochemistry with specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies ... | The present results disclose a hitherto unrecognised BM organisation and adhesion mechanisms in human pancreatic islets as distinct from mouse islets. | yes |
18,423,915 | Are mDM2 SNP 309 and p53 codon 72 polymorphisms associated with the outcome of oral carcinoma patients receiving postoperative irradiation? | {
"contexts": [
"The p53 tumor suppression pathway is important in effects associated with radiotherapy. The mouse double minute 2 (MDM2) plays a pivotal role in this pathway by down regulating p53. A functional T-to-G polymorphism at nucleotide 309 in MDM2 promoter intron 1 (SNP309) has been identified which inf... | Advanced OSCC has high mortality and recurrence. We identified that both MDM2 SNP309 and p53 codon 72 SNP could be useful factors for evaluating the outcome of advanced OSCC treated with adjuvant radiation. | yes |
18,421,080 | Does lovastatin inhibit TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human tenon fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"The transdifferentiation of Tenon fibroblasts to myofibroblasts is a pivotal step in filtering bleb scarring. It is mediated by the cytokine TGF-beta, Rho-dependent contractility, and cell-matrix interactions in an interdependent fashion. HMG-CoA-reductase inhibitors (statins) have been shown to ... | Lovastatin inhibits TGF-beta-induced myofibroblast transdifferentiation in human Tenon fibroblasts, most likely by interfering with Rho-signaling. Statins may, therefore, serve to inhibit scarring after filtering glaucoma surgery. | yes |
18,413,639 | Is breast cancer subtype approximated by estrogen receptor , progesterone receptor , and HER-2 associated with local and distant recurrence after breast-conserving therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether breast cancer subtype is associated with outcome after breast-conserving therapy (BCT) consisting of lumpectomy and radiation therapy.",
"We studied 793 consecutive patients with invasive breast cancer who received BCT from July 1998 to December 2001. Among them, 97% had ... | Overall, the 5-year local recurrence rate after BCT was low, but varied by subtype as approximated using ER, PR, and HER-2 status. Local recurrence was particularly low for the luminal A subtype, but was less than 10% at 5 years for all subtypes. Although further follow-up is needed, these results may be useful in coun... | yes |
18,426,443 | Does resting magnetocardiography predict 3-year mortality in patients presenting with acute chest pain without ST segment elevation? | {
"contexts": [
"Magnetocardiography (MCG) as a noninvasive, noncontact and risk-free diagnostic method predicts ischemic coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with acute chest pain at admission with high accuracy. However, it remains unclear whether MCG findings can add prognostic information.",
"A cohor... | Resting MCG at hospital admission predicts 3-year mortality in patients presenting with acute chest pain without ST segment elevation in the ECG. MCG seems to be valuable in identifying chest pain patients at highest risk. | yes |
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