pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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|---|---|---|---|---|
19,835,593 | Do ultrafine carbon particles down-regulate CYP1B1 expression in human monocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytochrome P450 monoxygenases play an important role in the defence against inhaled toxic compounds and in metabolizing a wide range of xenobiotics and environmental contaminants. In ambient aerosol the ultrafine particle fraction which penetrates deeply into the lungs is considered to be a major... | These data suggest that the P90-induced reduction of CYP gene expression may interfere with the activation and/or detoxification capabilities of inhaled toxic compounds. | yes |
19,865,061 | Is ophthalmomyiasis only a problem for rural regions of Eastern Anatolia of Turkey? | {
"contexts": [
"Ophthalmomyiasis externa results from infestation of the conjunctiva by the larval or maggot form of Oestrus ovis. It is common in sheep-farming areas, especially in Mediterranean countries.",
"A 40-year-old man was admitted to the ophthalmology outpatient clinic at State Hospital. He complai... | The authors consider ophthalmomyiasis to be not only a problem of rural areas and subsequent examination is very important to ensure that no complications have occurred. It is hoped that this case encourages physicians to be aware of the diagnosis of ophthalmomyiasis externa and its complication and treatment. | no |
19,865,060 | Do successful treatment of a critical burn patient with obstinate hyperglycemia and septic shock from pan-drug-resistant strains? | {
"contexts": [
"The treatment of critical burn patients involves fluid resuscitation, homeostasis, prevention of infection, support and maintenance of organ functions, nutritional support, and wound repair. Correct management of these problems is a fierce challenge facing burn clinicians. This report presents a ... | The critical burn patient developed a series of severe complications during the course of treatment. Correct management of these complications is crucial to success in the treatment of such patients. | yes |
19,841,995 | Do internal rotation deficits affect scapular positioning in baseball players? | {
"contexts": [
"Anecdotal evidence suggests an association between glenohumeral internal rotation deficits (GIRD) and scapular dysfunction, an observable alteration in the normal position or motion of the scapula in relation to the thoracic cage.",
"We therefore hypothesized players with GIRD (15 degrees or ... | Baseball players with more GIRD have alterations to the position and motion of their scapula. A dual goal of minimizing GIRD and strengthening the scapular stabilizers may be warranted in this population. | yes |
19,861,282 | Does [ Smad7 inhibit collagen expression in human hepatic satellite cells in vitro ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of Smad7 on the expressions of collagen I and alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) in HSC-T6 cell line activated by transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1).",
"HSC-T6 cells stably expressing M2-flag protein were selected after co-infection of the cells with pTR... | Smad7 over-expression inhibits Smad2/3 phosphorylation, and decreases the expression of collagen I and alpha-SMA in HSC-T6 cells induced by TGF-beta1 to inhibit the progression of liver fibrosis. | yes |
19,845,156 | Is gamma-delta T cell essential for allergen-induced late asthmatic response in a murine model of asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Gamma-delta (gamma-delta) T cells regulate immune responses at mucosal surfaces. Whether they can modify allergen-induced early (EAR) and late airway responses (LAR) is unknown.",
"We have tested the hypothesis that the gamma-delta T cells enhance allergen-induced airway responses in mice.",
... | gamma-delta T cells enhance LAR and airway inflammation but not EAR in this model of asthma. | yes |
19,863,700 | Is c3d immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed tissue a valuable tool in the diagnosis of bullous pemphigoid of the skin? | {
"contexts": [
"Direct immunofluorescence (DIF) testing is an important procedure in the diagnosis of autoimmune bullous dermatoses. We investigated the expression of C3d in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue of autoimmune bullous dermatoses.",
"The immunohistochemical expression of C3d in bullous pemp... | C3d immunohistochemistry is a valuable tool in the diagnosis of BP and PG of the skin with a sensitivity of at least 97%. Mixed forms of linear IgA dermatosis, and BP, DHD and linear IgA dermatosis can only be identified by DIF. A positive result may prompt serologic confirmation of BP without further need for DIF. | yes |
19,863,707 | Does family functioning at meals relate to adherence in young children with type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined associations between mealtime family functioning, dietary adherence and glycaemic control in young children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We hypothesised that poorer family functioning would correlate with poorer dietary adherence and glycaemic control.",
"Thirty-f... | This was the first study to examine the relationship between mealtime family functioning and children's dietary adherence and glycaemic control in families of young children with T1DM. Previous research has found mealtime family functioning to be impaired in families of young children with T1DM when compared with famil... | yes |
19,862,329 | Does early activation of FGF and nodal pathways mediate cardiac specification independently of Wnt/beta-catenin signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac induction, the first step in heart development in vertebrate embryos, is thought to be initiated by anterior endoderm during gastrulation, but what the signals are and how they act is unknown. Several signaling pathways, including FGF, Nodal, BMP and Wnt have been implicated in cardiac sp... | We have described an assay for investigating the mechanisms of cardiac induction by anterior endoderm. The assay was used to provide evidence for a direct, early and transient requirement of FGF and Nodal pathways. In addition, we demonstrate that Wnt/beta-catenin pathway plays no direct role in vertebrate cardiac spec... | yes |
19,854,731 | Is n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide an independent predictor of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in the general population? | {
"contexts": [
"Natriuretic peptides including N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) are established biomarkers in heart failure. However, their prognostic value in the general population is less well established. The purpose of our study was to investigate the prognostic properties of NT-proBNP ... | In this large community-based cohort, plasma NT-proBNP was a strong predictor of death and a wide range of CV events. | yes |
19,837,678 | Does low cardiac output predict development of hepatorenal syndrome and survival in patients with cirrhosis and ascites? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies suggest that cardiac dysfunction precedes development of the hepatorenal syndrome. In this follow-up study, we aimed to investigate the relation between cardiac and renal function in patients with cirrhosis and ascites and the impact of cardiac systolic function on survival.",
... | The development of renal failure and poor outcome in patients with advanced cirrhosis and ascites seem to be related to a cardiac systolic dysfunction. Other parameters may be more important than MELD score to predict prognosis. | yes |
19,839,005 | Does the heat shock protein inhibitor Quercetin attenuate hepatitis C virus production? | {
"contexts": [
"The hepatitis C viral (HCV) genome is translated through an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) as a single polyprotein precursor that is subsequently cleaved into individual mature viral proteins. Nonstructural protein 5A (NS5A) is one of these proteins that has been implicated in regulation of ... | Quercetin may allow for dissection of the viral life cycle and has potential therapeutic use to reduce virus production with low associated toxicity. | yes |
19,842,456 | Do reasons for urban trail use predict levels of trail-related physical activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Efforts to increase community levels of physical activity through the development of multiuse urban trails could be strengthened by information about factors predicting trail use. This study examined whether reasons for trail use predict levels of physical activity on urban trails.",
"Adults ... | To increase the use of urban trails, it may be useful to promote the health and exercise benefits of recreational trail use. | yes |
19,861,464 | Does systemic inhibition of transforming growth factor-beta in glioma-bearing mice improve the therapeutic efficacy of glioma-associated antigen peptide vaccines? | {
"contexts": [
"A variety of cancers, including malignant gliomas, overexpress transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta), which helps tumors evade effective immune surveillance through a variety of mechanisms, including inhibition of CD8(+) CTLs and enhancing the generation of regulatory T (T(reg)) cells. We hy... | These data suggest that systemic inhibition of TGF-beta by 1D11 can reverse the suppressive immunologic environment of orthotopic tumor-bearing mice both systemically and locally, thereby enhancing the therapeutic efficacy of GAA vaccines. | yes |
19,861,460 | Does genomic and expression profiling of glioblastoma stem cell-like spheroid cultures identify novel tumor-relevant genes associated with survival? | {
"contexts": [
"Glioblastoma spheroid cultures are enriched in tumor stem-like cells and therefore may be more representative of the respective primary tumors than conventional monolayer cultures. We exploited the glioma spheroid culture model to find novel tumor-relevant genes.",
"We carried out array-based... | We identified a set of novel candidate genes that likely play a role in glioblastoma pathogenesis and implicate AJAP1, EMP3, and PDPN as molecular markers associated with the clinical outcome of glioma patients. | yes |
19,851,298 | Does oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuate blood pressure response to cold pressor test in young men? | {
"contexts": [
"Oral L-citrulline is efficiently converted to L-arginine, which has been shown to decrease brachial blood pressure (BP) at rest and during the cold pressor test (CPT). However, aortic BP may better reflect cardiovascular risk than brachial BP. The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis ... | We conclude that oral L-citrulline supplementation attenuates the brachial SBP, aortic SBP, and aortic PP responses to CPT in young normotensive men. Increased wave reflection time contributes to the reduction in aortic SBP response to CPT. | yes |
19,836,777 | Does primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection in patients with clinical stage be testis cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Initial management for clinical stage IS (persistently increased tumor markers) nonseminomatous germ cell tumor has evolved from primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection to induction chemotherapy at most medical centers. We analyzed the outcome in patients treated with primary retroperitonea... | Patients with clinical stage IS are at significant risk for metastatic disease and can be successfully treated with primary retroperitoneal lymph node dissection, thereby sparing chemotherapy in most of them. Retroperitoneal recurrence is essentially eliminated when retroperitoneal lymph node dissection is performed in... | yes |
19,857,659 | Does pentoxifylline augment fasting-induced nephroprotection in acute ischemic kidney injury in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Prolonged fasting exerts anti-inflammatory effects, and pentoxifylline (PTX) has similar immunomodulating properties.",
"To compare the influence of feeding status and PTX administration on the course of acute ischemic kidney injury.",
"Seven days after right-sided nephrectomy and 7 days ... | Fasting and treatment with PTX during the preischemic period exerts additive nephroprotective effects in the setting of acute ischemic kidney injury. This finding may be useful in future practices of preservation and kidney transplantation. | yes |
19,852,858 | Is bcl-2 expression altered with ovarian tumor progression : an immunohistochemical evaluation? | {
"contexts": [
"Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy. The ovarian tumor microenvironment is comprised of tumor cells, surrounding stroma, and circulating lymphocytes, an important component of the immune response, in tumors. Previous reports have shown that the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2 is... | The data suggest alterations in Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte infiltration correlate with epithelial ovarian cancer progression. Consequently, Bcl-2 expression and lymphocyte status may be important for prognostic outcome or useful targets for therapeutic intervention. | yes |
19,851,503 | Is the endo-siRNA pathway essential for robust development of the Drosophila embryo? | {
"contexts": [
"Robustness to natural temperature fluctuations is critical to proper development in embryos and to cellular functions in adult organisms. However, mechanisms and pathways which govern temperature compensation remain largely unknown beyond circadian rhythms. Pathways which ensure robustness agains... | Results presented herein uncover a novel function of the endo-siRNA pathway in temperature compensation and cell cycle regulation, and we hypothesize that the endo-siRNA pathway may regulate the degradation of maternal cell cycle regulators. Endo-siRNAs may have a more general role buffering against environmental pertu... | yes |
19,847,292 | Does p53 Amino-terminus region ( 1-125 ) stabilize and restores heat denatured p53 wild phenotype? | {
"contexts": [
"The intrinsically disordered N-ter domain (NTD) of p53 encompasses approximately hundred amino acids that contain a transactivation domain (1-73) and a proline-rich domain (64-92) and is responsible for transactivation function and apoptosis. It also possesses an auto-inhibitory function as its r... | Here, we showed that a novel chaperone-like activity resides in p53-N-ter region. This study might have significance in understanding the role of p53-NTD in p53 stabilization, conformational activation and apoptosis under heat-stress conditions. | yes |
19,851,076 | Is the longest wheal diameter the optimal measurement for the evaluation of skin prick tests? | {
"contexts": [
"Mean diameter or longest diameter are the 2 most frequently used parameters for wheal response assessment after skin prick testing (SPT). We aimed to compare these 2 parameters taking as gold standard the surface of the wheal skin response.",
"Patients suspected of having an allergic reaction... | The longest wheal diameter alone seems to be a better surrogate marker of the wheal surface in comparison with the mean diameter. In addition, it is easier and faster to measure. Therefore, we propose this as the optimal methodology to evaluate SPTs. | yes |
19,861,955 | Is diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome associated with diverticular disease : a population-based study? | {
"contexts": [
"A subset of patients with colonic diverticular disease have chronic gastrointestinal symptoms, and some have a clinical diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), but whether IBS and diverticular disease are linked is uncertain. We aimed to evaluate this association in the community.",
"A p... | There is a significantly increased odds for colonic diverticulosis in subjects with IBS (relative to those without IBS). These results suggest that IBS and colonic diverticular disease may be connected. | yes |
19,861,957 | Is pML nuclear body component Sp140 a novel autoantigen in primary biliary cirrhosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Some patients with primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) have antinuclear antibodies (ANAs). These ANAs include the \"multiple nuclear dots\" (MND) staining pattern, targeting promyelocytic leukemia protein (PML) nuclear body (NB) components, such as \"speckled 100-kD\" protein (Sp100) and PML. A new P... | Our study identifies Sp140 as a new, highly specific autoantigen in PBC for the first time. The very frequent coexistence of anti-Sp140, anti-Sp100 and anti-PML antibodies suggests that the NB is a multiantigenic complex in PBC and enhances the diagnostic significance of these reactivities, which are particularly usefu... | yes |
19,846,944 | Do mG-63 osteoblast-like cells enhance the osteoprotegerin expression of PC-3 prostate cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteoprotegerin (OPG) expression participates in the pathophysiology of osteoblastic metastasis in prostate cancer.",
"We investigated whether the expression of OPG of PC-3 prostate cancer cells grown in 3-D collagen gels is stimulated by co-culture with MG-63 osteoblast-like cells. The expre... | The enhancement of the OPG expression in PC-3 cells by MG-63 cells is not mediated by IGF-1, IL-6 and TGFbeta1. | yes |
19,846,947 | Is expression of L1 cell adhesion molecule a significant prognostic factor in pT3-stage gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"L1, a 200-220 kDa transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily, has been shown to affect prognosis of various types of cancer and was shown to enhance peritoneal metastasis in ovarian cancer in vivo.",
"Immunostaining with anti-L1 antibody was performed with 72 surgically rese... | L1 was associated with poor outcome in gastric carcinoma. However, its association with the formation of peritoneal metastases or the presence of free cancer cells in the abdominal cavity was not observed. Further study to identify the role of L1 in gastric cancer progression and metastasis is warranted. | yes |
19,840,088 | Does malnutrition associated with increased risk of frail mechanical fall among older people presenting to an emergency department? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify associations between malnutrition falls risk and hospital admission among older people presenting to ED.",
"A prospective convenience sample of patients, aged 60 years or more, presenting to an Australian tertiary teaching hospital ED were included in this cross-sectional study. M... | Older people presenting to ED should be nutritionally screened. Malnutrition prevalence of 15% was documented and was associated with an increased risk of frail mechanical falls and hospital admission. The Malnutrition Screening Tool was a simple and practical screen for ED. | yes |
19,860,919 | Does inherent promoter bidirectionality facilitate maintenance of sequence integrity and transcription of parasitic DNA in mammalian genomes? | {
"contexts": [
"Many mammalian genes are arranged in a bidirectional manner, sharing a common promoter and regulatory elements. This is especially true for promoters containing a CpG island, usually unmethylated and associated with an 'open' or accessible chromatin structure. In evolutionary terms, a primary fun... | These data strongly suggest that the selective force that shields endogenous CpG-containing promoter from epigenetic silencing can extend to exogenous foreign DNA elements inserted in close proximity in the antisense orientation, with resulting transcription and maintenance of sequence integrity of such elements in the... | yes |
19,864,112 | Do variants of the genes encoding AQP4 and Kir4.1 are associated with subgroups of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy? | {
"contexts": [
"The etiopathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and its subgroups - mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis (MTLE-HS) and TLE with antecedent febrile seizures (TLE-FS) - is poorly understood. It has been proposed that the water channel aquaporin-4 (AQP4) and the potassium ch... | Variations in the AQP4 and the KCNJ10/KCNJ9 region are likely to be associated with TLE, particularly TLE-FS, supporting the suggestion that perturbations of water and K(+) transport are involved in the etiopathogenesis of TLE. | yes |
19,861,706 | Do barriers to hospice use and palliative care services use by African American adults? | {
"contexts": [
"This study explored the reasons for low levels of hospice participation by African Americans.",
"Data about attitudes toward dying and death, advanced directives, and barriers to using hospice services were collected from 314 adults attending 11 diversely populated churches in North Carolina.... | Despite evidence of a willingness to use hospice, African Americans were unlikely to complete advanced directives or share final care wishes. However, many were more likely to use hospice if the care team were diverse suggesting the importance of culture. | yes |
19,861,560 | Are proteins from the Wnt pathway involved in the pathogenesis and progression of mammary phyllodes tumours? | {
"contexts": [
"The Wnt pathway is important in cell signalling transduction and is involved in the pathogenesis of multiple tumour types. A comprehensive analysis of the expression of Wnt signalling pathway proteins in mammary phyllodes tumours (PTs) has not been previously performed.",
"To evaluate the imm... | Results suggest that alterations in the Wnt pathway are important in the progression and in the epithelial and stromal interactions in PTs. They have important implications for understanding the pathogenesis of these uncommon but clinically important tumours. | yes |
19,858,727 | Is disease progression from chronic hepatitis C to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma associated with repression of interferon regulatory factor-1? | {
"contexts": [
"Infection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) frequently results in a persistent infection, suggesting that it has evolved efficient mechanism(s) for blocking the host cell's innate antiviral response. The immune response to virus infection results in activation or direct induction of the interferon reg... | Alterations in IRFs expression might be considered as markers associated with a higher risk of cirrhosis in patients with chronic HCV infection. Expression of IRF-1 and IRF-3 were more prevalent in patients with chronic HCV and cirrhosis, respectively, in comparison with HCC patients. Thus, IRF-1 could be nominated as ... | yes |
19,853,632 | Does serotonin transporter gene promoter polymorphism affect the severity of binge eating in general population? | {
"contexts": [
"The s-allele of the 5-HTTLPR has been suggested to lead to the development of less efficient and less flexible 5-HT system and has been associated to different forms of psychopathology. It has also been shown that alterations in serotonergic activity contribute to the pathophysiology of binge eat... | While the 5-HTTLPR genotype does not predict symptoms of eating disorder in general population, the s-allele, and especially the s/s genotype increases the risk for affective instability and symptom severity. | yes |
19,855,834 | Does blocking variant surface glycoprotein synthesis in Trypanosoma brucei trigger a general arrest in translation initiation? | {
"contexts": [
"The African trypanosome Trypanosoma brucei is covered with a dense layer of Variant Surface Glycoprotein (VSG), which protects it from lysis by host complement via the alternative pathway in the mammalian bloodstream. Blocking VSG synthesis by the induction of VSG RNAi triggers an unusually preci... | The cell-cycle arrest phenotype triggered by the induction of VSG221 RNAi is not caused by siRNA toxicity, as this arrest can be alleviated if a second different VSG is inserted downstream of the active VSG221 expression site promoter. Analysis of polysomes in the stalled cells showed that the translation arrest is med... | yes |
19,853,772 | Is bipolar scissors circumcision a safe , fast , and bloodless procedure in children? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study is to evaluate bipolar scissors circumcision by comparing it with standard freehand scalpel procedure.",
"Data were analyzed from a prospective, randomized study, comparing 2 different surgical techniques for pediatric circumcision: the bipolar diathermy scissors circumc... | Bipolar scissors circumcision approach is an effective and safe procedure alternative to the standard scalpel technique in pediatric circumcision with no significant morbidity. | yes |
19,858,720 | Do bilateral and unilateral cochlear implant users compared on speech perception in noise? | {
"contexts": [
"Compare speech performance in noise with matched bilateral cochlear implant (CICI) and unilateral cochlear implant (CI only) users.",
"Thirty CICI and 30 CI-only subjects were tested on a battery of speech perception tests in noise that use an eight-loudspeaker array.",
"On average, CICI ... | The CICI group showed significantly better performance on speech perception in noise compared with the CI-only subjects, supporting the hypothesis that CICI is more beneficial than CI only. | yes |
19,841,142 | Does use of a type I/III bilayer collagen membrane decrease reoperation rates for symptomatic hypertrophy after autologous chondrocyte implantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Autologous chondrocyte implantation is associated with a high rate of reoperation, mostly due to hypertrophy of the periosteal patch. European studies investigating the use of collagen membranes as a periosteal substitute report significant decreases in reoperation rates to less than 5%. This mul... | The use of a collagen membrane for autologous chondrocyte implantation decreased the reoperation rate for hypertrophy after autologous chondrocyte implantation from 25.7% to 5% (P < .0001). Overall 1-year failure rates were comparable between the groups (P = .2). Even though the use of a collagen membrane for autologou... | yes |
19,850,960 | Do gut microbes define liver cancer risk in mice exposed to chemical and viral transgenic hepatocarcinogens? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) frequently results from synergism between chemical and infectious liver carcinogens. Worldwide, the highest incidence of HCC is in regions endemic for the foodborne contaminant aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. Recently, gut microbes have be... | Enteric microbiota define HCC risk in mice exposed to carcinogenic chemicals or hepatitis virus transgenes. These results have implications for human liver cancer risk assessment and prevention. | yes |
19,850,962 | Do sNAI transcription factors mediate epithelial-mesenchymal transition in lung fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal interstitial lung disease characterised by accumulation of activated (myo)fibroblasts and excessive extracellular matrix deposition. The enhanced accumulation of (myo)fibroblasts may be attributed, in part, to the process of transforming growth facto... | The results demonstrate that TGFbeta1-induced EMT in ATII cells is essentially controlled by the expression and nuclear translocation of SNAI transcription factors. Increased SNAI1 and SNAI2 expression in experimental and human IPF in vivo suggests that SNAI-mediated EMT may contribute to the fibroblast pool in idiopat... | yes |
19,840,642 | Does fibroblast growth factor-2 regulate the cell function of human dental pulp cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Homeostasis and tissue repair of dentin-pulp complex are attributed to dental pulp tissue and several growth factors. Dental pulp cells play a pivotal role in homeostasis of dentin-pulp complex and tissue responses after tooth injury. Among these cytokines, fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 has mu... | These results provide new evidence for the possible involvement of FGF-2 not only in homeostasis but also in regeneration of dentin-pulp complex. | yes |
19,853,129 | Does calcium phosphate cement improve bone density when used in osteoporotic sternums? | {
"contexts": [
"Calcium phosphate cements control bleeding and are safe to use in osteoporotic sternums during open heart surgery. We looked at the clinical and radiographic effects of this agent on bone healing.",
"Since March 2006, 18 patients had calcium phosphate cement inserted in their sternal tables a... | In each patient, cement was replaced by new bone, and there is evidence that more bone is present as a result of cement use. | yes |
19,838,118 | Does a decline in walking distance predict long-term outcome in patients with known or suspected peripheral artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the predictive value of a decline in total walking distance and ankle brachial index (ABI) on all-cause mortality and cardiac death in patients with known or suspected peripheral artery disease.",
"Two hundred and sixty-one patients, who performed single-stage treadmill walking test... | A decline in total walking distance in single-stage treadmill exercise tests is a strong prognostic predictor of all-cause mortality and cardiac death in the short term and long term. | yes |
19,841,982 | Does immediate microsurgical reconstruction after tumor ablation predict survival among patients with head and neck carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine whether or not immediate microvascular free flap reconstruction influences survival among treated patients suffering from oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), controlling for demographic, clinical, and tumor characteristics.",
"773 patients with OSCC w... | Reconstruction of defects, especially in patients presenting with higher tumor stages, is not associated with shorter overall survival rates, as revealed in this study, and should be considered when functional deficits due to tumor ablation can be expected postoperatively. | yes |
19,855,976 | Is sildenafil citrate and tamsulosin combination superior to monotherapy in treating lower urinary tract symptoms and erectile dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the efficacy of sildenafil citrate only, 25 mg. Four times/week, tamsulosin only, 0.4 mg once daily, and the combination of both on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) suggestive of benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction.",
"A total of 60 men with BPH-related L... | Treatment with the combination of tamsulosin only and sildenafil citrate only was not superior to tamsulosin only to enhance voiding symptoms. Also, sexual function improvement was similar for both the combination and sildenafil citrate only treatments. | no |
19,855,977 | Is fgf10 gene expression delayed in the embryonic lung mesenchyme in the adriamycin mouse model? | {
"contexts": [
"The adriamycin mouse model is a well-established teratogenic model of esophageal atresia/tracheoesophageal fistula. Fibroblast growth factor 10 (Fgf10) plays a key role in branching of the lung buds during lung morphogenesis. Fgf10 knockout mice exhibit the absence of the lungs. Optical projectio... | Delayed Fgf10 gene expression during the critical period of separation of the trachea and esophagus may affect lung bud formation in the adriamycin model leading to tracheoesophageal malformations. | yes |
19,856,615 | Do knee extension strength and adiposity explain some of older adults ' self-reported difficulty with mobility? | {
"contexts": [
"As adults lose strength with age and an increasing proportion of older adults are overweight or obese, this study was undertaken to examine the contribution of strength and adiposity to mobility difficulties among community-dwelling men and women at least 65 years of age.",
"The National Heal... | Adiposity and strength have relevance to the self-reported mobility difficulty of older adults. However, they leave most of such difficulty unexplained. | yes |
19,845,668 | Is fOXE1 a target for aberrant methylation in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Several cancer-related genes are silenced by promoter hypermethylation in skin cancers. However, to date the somatic epigenetic events that occur in cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) tumorigenesis have not been well defined.",
"To examine epigenetic abnormalities of FOXE1, a gene locate... | These results indicate that FOXE1 is a crucial player in development of cutaneous SCC. | yes |
19,837,913 | Is high prevalence of metabolic syndrome in first-degree male relatives of women with polycystic ovary syndrome related to high rates of obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) have twice the risk for metabolic syndrome (MetS) compared to women from the general population. Mothers and sisters of affected women also have an increased prevalence of MetS.",
"The aim of the study was to determine the prevalence of MetS in fath... | Male relatives of women with PCOS had increased prevalence rates of MetS and obesity compared to the general U.S. male population from NHANES III. In contrast to women with PCOS and their female relatives, the higher prevalence of MetS in male relatives was accounted for by elevated BMI. These findings suggest that the... | yes |
19,837,916 | Are rAS mutations the predominant molecular alteration in poorly differentiated thyroid carcinomas and bear prognostic impact? | {
"contexts": [
"Poorly differentiated carcinomas represent an aggressive group of thyroid tumors with controversial classification placement and poorly understood pathogenesis. Molecular data in this group of tumors are extremely heterogeneous, possibly reflecting different inclusion criteria. Recently homogeneo... | The present study demonstrates that strictly classified poorly differentiated carcinomas are genetically homogeneous, RAS mutations being the almost exclusive genetic event. Moreover, the detection of RAS mutations might be clinically relevant for the prognostic stratification of these tumors. | yes |
19,837,917 | Is wolcott-Rallison syndrome the most common genetic cause of permanent neonatal diabetes in consanguineous families? | {
"contexts": [
"Mutations in EIF2AK3 cause Wolcott-Rallison syndrome (WRS), a rare recessive disorder characterized by early-onset diabetes, skeletal abnormalities, and liver dysfunction. Although early diagnosis is important for clinical management, genetic testing is generally performed after the full clinical... | WRS is the most common cause of permanent neonatal diabetes mellitus in consanguineous pedigrees. In addition to testing patients with a definite clinical diagnosis, EIF2AK3 should be tested in patients with isolated neonatal diabetes diagnosed after 3 wk of age from known consanguineous families, isolated populations,... | yes |
19,837,914 | Is reduced growth hormone secretion associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness in obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity is associated with reduced GH.",
"The aim of the study was to determine whether reduced GH is associated with increased carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) in obesity.",
"A total of 102 normal-weight and obese men and women without known hypopituitarism were studied. Subjects un... | These results suggest that reduced GH secretion is associated with a more abnormal metabolic phenotype in obesity, characterized by increased cIMT, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, and inflammation. | yes |
19,852,597 | Does orthodontic treatment of malocclusion improve impaired skillfulness of masticatory jaw movements? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether individuals with malocclusion show less skillfulness, as represented by kinematic parameters that characterize masticatory jaw movement, compared with those having normal occlusion and, if so, to examine whether more skilled movements are achieved after completion of orthod... | As measured by kinematic parameters such as normalized jerk-costs, velocity profile, and variance of movement trajectories near the endpoint of movement, dental malocclusions were associated with significantly lower skillfulness of masticatory jaw motion, whereas good occlusion and orthodontically improved occlusion (e... | yes |
19,853,451 | Do the C. elegans dosage compensation complex propagates dynamically and independently of X chromosome sequence? | {
"contexts": [
"The C. elegans dosage compensation complex (DCC) associates with both X chromosomes of XX animals to reduce X-linked transcript levels. Five DCC members are homologous to subunits of the evolutionarily conserved condensin complex, and two noncondensin subunits are required for DCC recruitment to ... | A highly conserved chromatin complex is appropriated to accomplish domain-scale transcriptional regulation during C. elegans development. Unlike X recognition, which is specified partly by DNA sequence, spreading is sequence independent and coupled to transcriptional activity. Similarities to the X recognition and spre... | yes |
19,837,163 | Do gABA and valproate modulate trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission in the thalamus? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the role of GABA receptors in thalamic relay neurons in the ventroposteromedial (VPM) nucleus of the rat activated by a trigeminovascular nociceptive stimulus in relationship to migraine, and the potential modulation of nociceptive transmission by GABA acting anti-convulsants.",
"Tri... | These results indicate that GABA(A) and GABA(B) receptors on thalamic neurons can modulate trigeminovascular nociceptive transmission in the VPM nucleus. Sodium valproate can inhibit trigeminovascular nociception at the level of VPM through GABA(A) receptor mechanisms, whereas gabapentin does not alter trigeminovascula... | yes |
19,854,720 | Is photosynthetic acclimation important for post-submergence recovery of photosynthesis and growth in two riparian species? | {
"contexts": [
"Concomitant increases in O(2) and irradiance upon de-submergence can cause photoinhibition and photo-oxidative damage to the photosynthetic apparatus of plants. As energy and carbohydrate supply from photosynthesis is needed for growth, it was hypothesized that post-submergence growth recovery ma... | After sudden de-submergence the C(3) plant A. philoxeroides and the C(4) plant H. altissima were both able to maintain the functionality of the photosynthetic apparatus through rapid acclimation to changing O(2) and light conditions. The ability for photosynthetic acclimation may be essential for adaptation to wetland ... | yes |
19,861,241 | Does [ VIR576 inhibit antigen-specific T cell activation by binding to the transmembrane domain of T cell receptor ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the mechanism underlying the inhibitory effect of the anti-HIV peptide VIR576 on antigen-specific T cell activation.",
"CCK-8 assay was used to investigate the effect of VIR576 on the proliferation of splenocytes of OVA-specific DO11.10 Tg mice in response to chicken OVA. Hemolysis t... | VIR576 is effective in suppressing the antigen-specific T cell activation via TCR and can interact with TCR-TMD. VIR576 may serve as a potent microbicide candidate to block sexual transmission of HIV due to of its inhibitory effect on both HIV entry and antigen-specific T cell activation. | yes |
19,861,245 | Does [ Reactive oxygen species scavenger protect cardiac cells against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the protective effect of reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), against H9c2 cardiomyocytes from injuries induced by chemical hypoxia.",
"H9c2 cells were treated with cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a chemical hypoxia-mimetic agent, to establish the chemic... | NAC offers obvious protective effect on H9c2 cardiomyocytes against injuries induced by chemical hypoxia by decreasing in the ratio of GSSG/(GSSG+GSH) and ROS level and ameliorating MMP. | yes |
19,861,247 | Do [ Follicular cell implantation for induce hair follicle growth in nude mice ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish a convenient and reliable method for inducing hair regeneration by follicular cell implantation for the treatment of alopecia.",
"The human hair follicle stem cells were separated and purified by micromanipulation and magnetic cell sorting, and human scalp dermal papilla cells we... | Follicular cell implantation can induce hair follicle-like structures in nude mice, which provides a means for efficient hair regeneration for treatment of hair loss. | yes |
19,841,043 | Is serum 25 ( OH ) D3 vitamin status of elderly Finnish women suboptimal even after summer sunshine but is not associated with bone density or turnover? | {
"contexts": [
"Concentrations of 50 and 75 nmol/l are proposed as serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) target for older people from the view of bone health. We evaluated vitamin D status of elderly Finnish women in light of these definitions, its relationship to bone mineral density (BMD) and turnover, and impro... | Vitamin D status of elderly Finnish women is suboptimal if 25(OH)D(3) levels of 50 or 75 nmol/l are used as a threshold. It is moderately increased by supplement intake and summer sunshine. However, 25(OH)D(3) concentrations did not influence bone density in terms of serum PINP and bone turnover rate. | yes |
19,838,467 | Is lipoprotein ( a ) associated with basal insulin levels in patients with type 2 Diabetes Mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"It has not been clearly established whether insulin resistance/deficiency leads directly to atherogenesis or through its association with other risk factors such as lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)].",
"This project aimed at studying the association between basal insulin, lipids and lipoprotein(a) level... | Lp(a) levels correlate inversely with insulin levels in Type 2 diabetic patients. Lp(a) may be one of the cardiovascular risk factor in type 2 diabetic patients with longer duration of DM. | yes |
19,858,056 | Is microsatellite instability a common finding in multiple myeloma? | {
"contexts": [
"Microsatellite instability (MSI) occurs as a result of sliding in the DNA sequences from shortening or elongation of the repeat zones of DNA during replication. Such abnormalities can normally be corrected by the enzymes coded by the DNA mismatch repair (MMR) genes. Therefore, detection of MSI is... | Although our case number is small, probably the genomic instability in heavy-chain MM may be a common finding and probably plays a critical role in the MM pathogenesis. | yes |
19,858,057 | Is kyphoplasty for patients with multiple myeloma a safe surgical procedure : results from a large patient cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"Only in recent years has balloon kyphoplasty gained significance in the treatment of vertebral fractures as an adequate minimally invasive vertebral stabilization technique. Kyphoplasty has also increasingly been used to treat vertebral osteolyses caused by multiple myeloma (MM).",
"In our co... | By careful interdisciplinary indication setting and a standardized treatment model, kyphoplasty presents a very safe and effective procedure for the treatment of vertebral osteolyses and fractures caused by MM. | yes |
19,853,351 | Does cariporide given during resuscitation promote return of electrically stable and mechanically competent cardiac activity? | {
"contexts": [
"Episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) and myocardial dysfunction commonly occur after cardiac resuscitation compromising the return of stable circulation. We investigated in a pig model of VF whether limiting Na(+)-induced cytosolic Ca(2+) overload using the sarcolemmal sodium-hydrogen exchan... | Cariporide administered at the start of chest compression may help restore electrically and mechanically stable circulation after resuscitation from cardiac arrest. | yes |
19,845,761 | Does lipidome of narrow-band ultraviolet B irradiated keratinocytes show apoptotic hallmarks? | {
"contexts": [
"UV light triggers a variety of biological responses in irradiated keratinocytes that might be associated with global perturbation of their lipidome. However, lipids that are specifically affected and the exact molecular mechanisms involved remain poorly understood.",
"To characterize time-dep... | NB-UVB affected the cellular lipidome of keratinocytes in strictly apoptosis-specific manner. | yes |
19,840,187 | Does robotically assisted ablation produce more rapid and greater signal attenuation than manual ablation? | {
"contexts": [
"Robotic remote catheter ablation potentially provides improved catheter-tip stability, which should improve the efficiency of radiofrequency energy delivery. Percentage reduction in electrogram peak-to-peak voltage has been used as a measure of effectiveness of ablation. We tested the hypothesis ... | Robotically assisted ablation appears to be more effective than manual ablation at signal amplitude reduction, therefore may be expected to produce improved clinical outcomes. | yes |
19,865,478 | Does gain in brain immunity in the oldest-old differentiate cognitively normal from demented individuals? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent findings suggest that Alzheimer's disease (AD) neuropathological features (neuritic plaques and NFTs) are not strongly associated with dementia in extreme old (over 90 years of age) and compel a search for neurobiological indices of dementia in this rapidly growing segment of the elderly p... | These results suggest that disruption of the robust immune homeostasis that is characteristic of oldest-old individuals who avoided dementia may be directly associated with dementia in the oldest-old and contrast with the synaptic and neurotransmitter system failures that typify dementia in younger old persons. | yes |
19,837,697 | Are mice lacking the glutamate-cysteine ligase modifier subunit susceptible to myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Glutamate-cysteine ligase (GCL), a rate-limiting enzyme for glutathione (GSH) synthesis, is composed of catalytic and modifier subunits. This study examined the pathogenic role of GCL modifier subunits (GCLM) in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury using mice lacking the GCLM (GCLM(-/-))... | GCLM(-/-) mice were susceptible to myocardial I/R injury partly through an increased vulnerability of mitochondria to oxidative damage owing to mitochondrial GSH reduction. | yes |
19,843,006 | Does exogenous soluble VEGF receptor-1 ( sFlt-1 ) regulate Th1/Th2 cytokine production from normal placental explants via intracellular calcium? | {
"contexts": [
"The increase of soluble VEGF-Receptor 1 (sFlt-1) is thought to contribute to the pathogenesis of preeclampsia. Soluble VEGF-Receptor 1 binds to circulating free VEGF and PLGF and this cascade is associated with endothelial dysfunction, a prominent feature of preeclampsia. Preeclampsia is also ass... | Exogenous sFlt-1 can increase TNF-alpha and IL-10 production from normal placental explants. The change in Th1/Th2 cytokine level may be mediated by intracellular free calcium. | yes |
19,854,578 | Do cutaneous microcirculatory assessment of the burn wound is associated with depth of injury and predicts healing time? | {
"contexts": [
"Current trends for the treatment of deep partial thickness and full-thickness burns include early excision and skin grafting. In this study we retrospectively evaluated the ability of Laser Doppler Flowmetry (LDF), taken within 24h of the burn to predict: (1) burn wound depth and (2) wounds which... | LDF can provide immediate results for early determination of burn wound depth and is useful in selecting patients for conservative treatment of their burn wounds. | yes |
19,856,197 | Do long chain saturated fatty acids increase haptoglobin gene expression in C57BL/6J mice adipose tissue and 3T3-L1 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dietary lipids are directly related to the composition of adipose tissue, aetiology of obesity and arousal of obesity-related pathologies, like chronic inflammation states. Haptoglobin is an acute phase protein secreted by the liver and white adipose tissue, and its blood levels vary according to... | The type of lipids in the diet can differently modulate the white adipose tissue gene expression of haptoglobin, and saturated fatty acids play a major role in promoting a pro-inflammatory environment. This response is fat pad specific and dependant on the duration of treatment. | yes |
19,860,881 | Is tetrapisispora phaffii killer toxin a highly specific beta-glucanase that disrupts the integrity of the yeast cell wall? | {
"contexts": [
"Killer yeasts have been used to combat contaminating wild yeasts in food, to control pathogenic fungi in plants, and in the medical field, to develop novel antimycotics for the treatment of human and animal fungal infections. Among these killer yeasts, Tetrapisispora phaffii (formerly known as Kl... | Collectively, these data indicate that the mode of action of Kpkt is directed towards the disruption of cell-wall integrity, and that this is mediated by a highly specific beta-glucanase activity. In this, Kpkt differs from other microbial beta-glucanases that do not show killer activities. | yes |
19,854,697 | Are diagnostic strategies using physical examination minimally useful in defining carpal tunnel syndrome in population-based research studies? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the utility of physical examination manoeuvres in the prediction of carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) in a population-based research study.",
"We studied a cohort of 1108 newly employed workers in several industries. Each worker completed a symptom questionnaire, a structured physical... | Our study found that physical examination, alone or in combination with symptoms, was not predictive of CTS in a working population. We suggest using specific symptoms as a first-level screening tool, and nerve conduction study as a confirmatory test, as a case definition strategy in research settings. | yes |
19,835,986 | Do algorithms outperform metabolite tests in predicting response of patients with inflammatory bowel disease to thiopurines? | {
"contexts": [
"Levels of the thiopurine metabolites 6-thioguanine nucleotide (6-TGN) and 6-methylmercaptopurine commonly are monitored during thiopurine therapy for inflammatory bowel disease despite this test's high cost and poor prediction of clinical response (sensitivity, 62%; specificity, 72%). We investig... | Algorithms that use age and laboratory values can differentiate clinical response, nonadherence, and shunting of thiopurine metabolism among patients who take thiopurines. This approach was less costly and more accurate than 6-TGN metabolite measurements in predicting clinical response. If validated, this approach woul... | yes |
19,837,359 | Does one size fit all : identifying risk profiles for overweight in adolescent population subsets? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study is to identify population subgroups of adolescents who are homogenous with respect to sociodemographic factors and potentially modifiable risk and protective factors related to overweight status in a nationally representative sample of adolescents ages 12-17.",
"The ... | Our results demonstrate how risk and protective factors related to obesity emerge differently among sociodemographic subgroups and the relative importance of these risk and protective factors in relation to adolescent overweight status. Interventions that work for one population subgroup may not work for another. | no |
19,844,792 | Are sleep duration and regularity associated with behavioral problems in 8-year-old children? | {
"contexts": [
"Relatively little is known about the significance of normal variation in objectively assessed sleep duration and its regularity in children's psychological well-being.",
"We explored the associations between sleep duration and regularity and behavioral and emotional problems in 8-year-old chi... | The results highlight the importance of sufficient sleep duration and regular sleep patterns from weekdays to weekends. Short sleep duration was associated specifically with problems related to attentional control and externalizing behaviors, whereas irregularity in sleep duration was, in particular, associated with in... | yes |
19,852,145 | Is pathogen burden in degenerative aortic valves associated with inflammatory and immune reactions? | {
"contexts": [
"The presence of five pathogens was assessed, together with a possible correlation of the total pathogen burden on inflammation and (auto)immunity in aortic stenosis (AS) and degenerative aortic valve bioprosthesis (BP).",
"Diseased valve specimens from a total of 68 patients (52 with AS, 16 w... | The pathogen burden may contribute to valvular degeneration by promoting further deleterious inflammatory and (auto)immune processes at the level of the valvular fibrosa. | yes |
18,437,476 | Is laparoscopic colectomy associated with decreased postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Major abdominal surgery is associated with early postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction, which may lead to abdominal distention and vomiting, requiring nasogastric (NGT) tube insertion. This study aimed to compare the rates of early postoperative NGT insertion after open and laparoscopic colo... | Laparoscopic colorectal surgery is associated with decreased postoperative gastrointestinal dysfunction, resulting in a significantly lower NGT reinsertion rate. | yes |
18,420,180 | Is sensorimotor gating of schizophrenia patients influenced by 5-HT2A receptor polymorphisms? | {
"contexts": [
"Schizophrenia patients exhibit impairment in prepulse inhibition (PPI) of the acoustic startle response (ASR), suggesting a sensorimotor gating deficit. The serotonin-2A receptor (5-HT(2A)R) has been implicated in both the pathogenesis of schizophrenia and the PPI deficits of schizophrenia patien... | Our findings suggest that PPI and habituation are modulated by 5-HT(2A)R A-1438G and T102C genotype in schizophrenia. Consequently, alterations within brain 5-HT(2A)Rs may contribute to the PPI deficits in schizophrenia. | yes |
18,427,132 | Are cardioprotective and vasodilatory actions of glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor mediated through both glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor-dependent and -independent pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"The glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor (GLP-1R) is believed to mediate glucoregulatory and cardiovascular effects of the incretin hormone GLP-1(7-36) (GLP-1), which is rapidly degraded by dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) to GLP-1(9-36), a truncated metabolite generally thought to be inactive. Novel d... | These data describe cardioprotective actions of GLP-1(7-36) mediated through the known GLP-1R and novel cardiac and vascular actions of GLP-1(7-36) and its metabolite GLP-1(9-36) independent of the known GLP-1R. Our data suggest that the extent to which GLP-1 is metabolized to GLP-1(9-36) may have functional implicatio... | yes |
18,413,824 | Is amphiregulin a promising prognostic marker for liver metastases of colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Aberrant activation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGFR/HER1) by ligand stimulation or heterodimerization with human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2) is considered to play an important role in the development of colorectal carcinoma. Amphiregulin (AR) is a ligand of EGFR that might be rela... | AR expression in primary lesions of colorectal cancer is an important predictive marker of liver metastasis. | yes |
18,413,826 | Does activation of placenta-specific transcription factor distal-less homeobox 5 predict clinical outcome in primary lung cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets for lung cancers, we screened for genes that were highly transactivated in lung cancers using a cDNA microarray representing 27,648 genes. DLX5 gene, a member of the human distal-less homeobox transcriptional factor family that is expressed dur... | These data implied that DLX5 is useful as a target for the development of anticancer drugs and cancer vaccines as well as for a prognostic biomarker in clinic. | yes |
18,434,853 | Is vascular endothelial growth factor gene 460 polymorphism associated with pterygium formation in female patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Pterygium is composed of proliferating fibrovascular tissue, and its formation and progression require neovascularization. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a specific mitogen for vascular endothelial cells and is essential for neovascularization. Recently, the VEGF-460 polymorphism wa... | VEGF-460C polymorphism is associated with pterygium formation in female patients. Females who carried the C allele have increased risk of developing pterygium at a younger age. | yes |
18,413,428 | Do reductions in basal metabolic rate and physical activity contribute to hypothalamic obesity? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity after hypothalamic damage is often severe and resistant to lifestyle changes. It is postulated that differences in basal metabolic rate (BMR) and physical activity may contribute to hypothalamic obesity (HO).",
"Our objective was to investigate the role of energy expenditure, BMR, and... | Energy expenditure, rather than energy intake, has a greater role in the development of obesity after cranial tumor therapy. Reductions in BMR and physical activity, leading to a positive energy balance and weight gain despite an age-appropriate calorie intake, may contribute to hypothalamic obesity. | yes |
18,412,293 | Does sacral nerve stimulation for faecal incontinence alter colorectal transport? | {
"contexts": [
"Sacral nerve stimulation reduces the frequency of defaecation in patients with faecal incontinence. The aim of this study was to examine the mechanism behind the reduced number of bowel movements in incontinent patients treated with sacral nerve stimulation.",
"The study included 20 patients ... | Sacral nerve stimulation reduces antegrade transport from the ascending colon and increases retrograde transport from the descending colon at defaecation. This may prolong colonic transit time and increase the storage capacity of the colon. | yes |
18,439,171 | Does elevated serum creatinine at baseline predict poor outcome in patients receiving cardiac resynchronization therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"Renal insufficiency is recognized as a predictor of mortality and poor outcome in heart failure patients. We sought to study the impact of baseline serum creatinine on subsequent outcome in cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) recipients.",
"We retrospectively reviewed hospital records of ... | In an unselected cohort of CRT recipients, the baseline creatinine was found to predict worse survival and poor outcome over a modest follow-up duration. | yes |
18,426,592 | Does nav1.7 expression is increase in painful human dental pulp? | {
"contexts": [
"Animal studies and a few human studies have shown a change in sodium channel (NaCh) expression after inflammatory lesions, and this change is implicated in the generation of pain states. We are using the extracted human tooth as a model system to study peripheral pain mechanisms and here examine ... | This study identifies the increased axonal expression and augmentation of Nav1.7 at intact and remodeling/demyelinating nodes within the painful human dental pulp where these changes may contribute to constant, increased evoked and spontaneous pain responses that characterize the pain associated with toothache. | yes |
18,413,370 | Is x-linked ichthyosis ( steroid sulfatase deficiency ) associated with increased risk of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder , autism and social communication deficits? | {
"contexts": [
"X-linked ichthyosis (XLI) (steroid sulfatase deficiency) is caused by deletions or point mutations of the steroid sulfatase (STS) gene on chromosome Xp22.32. Deletions of this region can be associated with cognitive behavioural difficulties including autism. Animal work suggests the STS gene may ... | STS deficiency may be a risk factor for ADHD with predominantly inattentive symptoms. Boys with XLI and large deletions encompassing STS and NLGN4 are at increased risk of developing autism and related disorders. | yes |
18,410,445 | Do the opiorphin gene ( ProL1 ) and its homologues function in erectile physiology? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if ProL1, a member of the opiorphin family of genes, can modulate erectile physiology, as it encodes a peptide which acts as a neutral endopeptidase inhibitor, other examples of which (Vcsa1, hSMR3A) modulate erectile physiology.",
"We cloned members of the opiorphin family of ge... | All members of the human opiorphin family of genes can potentially modulate erectile physiology. Both hSMR3 and ProL1 are down-regulated in the corpora of men with ED, and therefore both genes can potentially act as markers of ED. | yes |
18,410,769 | Does neonatal vaccination with an acellular pertussis vaccine accelerate the acquisition of pertussis antibodies in infants? | {
"contexts": [
"Because young infants are at highest risk of pertussis complications, this study assessed whether neonatal acellular pertussis (aP) vaccination could provide earlier immunity.",
"Neonates (n = 121) were randomly assigned (1:1) to receive either aP or hepatitis B vaccine (HBV) (controls) vacci... | Early neonatal immunization with aP was safe, well tolerated, and resulted in earlier antibody responses, seen after the first dose of a DTaP combination vaccine. Birth dose of aP did not induce immunologic tolerance to pertussis antigens but appear to dampen responses to Hib and HBV vaccines. | yes |
18,441,306 | Are vEGF polymorphisms associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) gene are associated with severity of diabetic retinopathy.",
"A case-control study was conducted in which 45 individuals with type 1 or 2 diabetes with proliferative diabetic retinopat... | A clear association was demonstrated between VEGF SNPs and severity of diabetic retinopathy. Furthermore, two of the htSNP haplotypes appear to be more generalized markers for angiogenesis, in that these have been found in prior work to be associated with neovascular age-related macular degeneration. | yes |
18,421,530 | Are serum S100B but not NSE levels increased in morbidly obese individuals affected by obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is considered a comorbidity associated with morbid obesity, mainly because of the large neck circumference. Depending on its severity, OSAHS can interfere in many homeostasis systems, for example, the central nervous system (CNS). Neuron-specific ... | Our study shows a significant increase in S100B level after PSG compared to before. This suggests that there is a CNS astrocyte reaction because of possible cerebral hypoxemia in morbidly obese patients with OSAHS. | yes |
18,427,397 | Do monocytes contribute to the atherosclerotic cap by transformation into fibrocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The stability of an atherosclerotic plaque is a key-determining factor in the clinical outcome of cardiovascular disease. In this respect, smooth muscle (SM) alfa actin positive cells play an important role in maintaining plaque stability through formation of a fibrous cap. Recent evidence sugges... | Our results demonstrate that fibrocytes contribute to formation of the fibrous cap. With fibrocytes being a monocyte derived cell, we suggest that monocytes may play a more crucial role in the clinical outcome of atherosclerosis than previously realized as they not only contribute directly to plaque instability (throug... | yes |
18,436,500 | Does risk factors for fall among elderly men in a veterans home? | {
"contexts": [
"Falls are major causes of mortality and morbidity in the elderly. Cognitive dysfunction, poor physical function and medical comorbidities are associated with many factors contributing to falls. The main purpose of this study was to explore the risk factors of falls among older institutionalized C... | The prevalence of fall in the past 180 days was 8.2% among elderly residents in a veterans care home in northern Taiwan. The independent risk factors for falls in this setting included poorer functional status and hypnotic use. | yes |
18,431,088 | Does dexamethasone reduce tumor recurrence and metastasis after pancreatic tumor resection in SCID mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucocorticoids are among the most potent anti-inflammatory agents that act by inhibiting the synthesis of almost all known cytokines and influencing multiple transduction pathways. Inflammation accompanies most solid cancers including pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), one of the most fata... | DEX has a profound influence on the malignant phenotype of PDAC tumor cells in vitro in terms of inhibition of invasiveness and pro-inflammatory signaling. This was approved in vivo by reduced metastasizing capacity and reduced size of local tumor recurrence. Therefore, DEX-treatment appears to be an interesting therap... | yes |
18,418,598 | Are iDO1 and IDO2 expressed in human tumors : levo- but not dextro-1-methyl tryptophan inhibits tryptophan catabolism? | {
"contexts": [
"Indoleamine-2,3-Dioxygenase (IDO) is an immunosuppressive molecule inducible in various cells. In addition to classic IDO (IDO1), a new variant, IDO2, has recently been described. When expressed in dendritic cells (DCs) or cancer cells, IDO was thought to suppress the immune response to tumors. A... | Although IDO2 is expressed in human tumors, tryptophan degradation is entirely provided by IDO1. Importantly, D-1MT does not inhibit the IDO activity of malignant cells. If ongoing clinical studies show a therapeutic effect of D-1MT, this cannot be attributed to inhibition of IDO in tumor cells. | yes |
18,436,838 | Is thyroid hormone action required for normal cone opsin expression during mouse retinal development? | {
"contexts": [
"The expression of S- and M-opsins in the murine retina is altered in different transgenic mouse models with mutations in the thyroid hormone receptor (TR)-beta gene, demonstrating an important role of thyroid hormone (TH) in retinal development.",
"The spatial expression of S- and M-opsin was... | The results show, for the first time, that the expression of S- and M-opsin is dependent on normal thyroid hormone levels during development. | yes |
18,436,433 | Is multidrug resistance in patients undergoing resective epilepsy surgery associated with C3435T polymorphism in the ABCB1 ( MDR1 ) gene? | {
"contexts": [
"The C3435T polymorphism in the gene coding for P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) has been correlated with drug resistance in patients with epilepsy. However, replication studies have revealed conflicting results and the reason for this is not clear. We investigated the frequency of C3435T polymorphism in ep... | Our findings failed to prove an association between C3435T polymorphism and drug resistance in a sample of Turkish patients with refractory epilepsy who underwent resective brain surgery. | no |
18,414,418 | Are actigraphic sleep duration and fragmentation related to obesity in the elderly : the Rotterdam Study? | {
"contexts": [
"The epidemiological evidence for the association between sleep duration and obesity in the elderly is inconsistent and has not been investigated with objective measures. Furthermore, the role of sleep fragmentation in this relationship is unknown. Our aim was to investigate the association of sle... | Sleep duration, as measured with actigraphy, had a U-shaped relationship with BMI and obesity in an elderly population. A highly fragmented sleep is associated with a higher BMI and a higher risk of obesity, and may explain why short sleep is related to obesity. To preclude bias that can be introduced by self-report me... | yes |
18,425,697 | Is arterial wave reflection elevated in evening hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular disease constitutes a major cause of death in patients with chronic kidney diseases and is related to enhanced arterial stiffness. It has been reported that daytime hemodialysis patients show better prognosis than evening hemodialysis patients.",
"Aortic augmentation index (AI)... | Although a larger scale study is required to draw a definite conclusion, our findings suggest that a better prognosis in daytime hemodialysis non-diabetic patients is related to the lower AI. | yes |
18,410,284 | Is mitochondrial electron transport inhibition in full genomic hepatitis C virus replicon cells restored by reducing viral replication? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatitis C virus (HCV) core protein has been shown to inhibit mitochondrial electron transport and to increase reactive oxygen species (ROS) in vitro and in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate whether inhibiting HCV replication could restore the mitochondrial redox state and electron ... | Our results show that the mitochondrial redox state and electron transport activity can be restored by reducing HCV replication. | yes |
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