pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,857,717 | Is anemia a predictor of outcome in heart transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiovascular disease and kidney disease share similar characteristics. It has been recently recognized that many patients with cardiovascular disease have anemia, which often is associated with kidney dysfunction. Even the term \"cardiorenal anemia syndrome\" was endorsed to stress the dangerou... | The prevalence of anemia is relatively high in heart allograft recipients and is not adequately treated. In patients with cardiovascular disease, GFR should be estimated because renal dysfunction and subsequent anemia are important risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Chronic heart failure is also m... | yes |
19,857,714 | Does cytomegalovirus infection accelerate microvasculopathy development in heart transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical studies with intravascular ultrasound have suggested that even subclinical cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections increase intimal hyperplasia in transplanted heart coronary arteries after 1 year. The potential influence of CMV on microvasculopathy development is not known. The Aim of our stud... | Our data do not support the thesis that CMV infection promotes microvasculopathy development among heart transplant recipients. | no |
19,857,712 | Is microvasculopathy observed in early or late endomyocardial biopsies related to angiographically confirmed transplanted heart coronary vasculopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to examine the potential relation between microvasculopathy observed in endomyocardial biopsies (EMBs) and clinical coronary vasculopathy (CAV) after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).",
"We preformed a retrospective analysis involving 68 OHT patients in whom the... | Microvasculopathy observed early or late after OHT was not related to angiographically confirmed CAV. | no |
19,850,700 | Are episodes of acute heart failure syndrome associated with increased levels of troponin and extracellular matrix markers? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased myocyte loss and extracellular matrix (ECM) turnover are central mechanisms that contribute to pathological myocardial remodeling in chronic heart failure (HF). We tested the hypothesis that episodes of acute HF syndrome (AHFS) are associated with transient increases in markers of myocy... | Episodes of AHFS are associated with transient increases in markers of myocyte injury and ECM turnover that may reflect an acceleration of pathological myocardial remodeling during AHFS. | yes |
19,845,729 | Do innate but not adaptive immune responses contribute to behavioral seizures following viral infection? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the role of innate immunity in a novel viral infection-induced seizure model.",
"C57BL/6 mice, mouse strains deficient in interleukin (IL)-1RI, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-RI, or myeloid differentiation primary response gene 88 (MyD88), or transgenic mice (OT-I) were infected... | We have implicated the innate immune response to viral infection, specifically TNF-alpha and IL-6, and concomitant inflammatory changes in the brain as contributing to the development of acute seizures. This model is a potential infection-driven model of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy with hippocampal sclerosis. | yes |
19,845,099 | Is the classification and identification of human somatic and parasympathetic nerve fibres including urinary bladder afferents and efferents preserved following spinal cord injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Single-fibre extracellular action potentials were recorded with 2 pairs of wire electrodes from lower human sacral nerve roots during surgery. The roots from which was recorded from were used for morphometry. Nerve fibre groups were identified by conduction velocity distribution histograms of sin... | 1. Single nerve fibre action potentials (APs) of lower sacral nerve roots were recorded extracellularly with 2 pairs of wire electrodes during an operation for implanting an anterior root stimulator for bladder control in 9 humans with a spinal cord injury and a dyssynergia of the urinary bladder. Roots that were not s... | yes |
19,859,542 | Does alternative processing of primary microRNA transcripts by Drosha generate 5 ' end variation of mature microRNA? | {
"contexts": [
"It is generally believed that the miRNA processing machinery ensures the generation of a mature miRNA with a fixed sequence, particularly at its 5' end. However, we and others have recently noted that the ends of a given mature miRNA are not absolutely fixed, but subject to variation. Neither the... | Thus, alternative Drosha processing might be a novel mechanism for diversification of the miRNA target gene pool. | yes |
19,847,912 | Do dopamine D2 receptor knockout mice develop features of Parkinson disease? | {
"contexts": [
"This study questions whether increased dopamine (DA) turnover in nigral neurons leads to formation of Lewy bodies (LBs), the characteristic alpha-synuclein-containing cytoplasmic inclusion of Parkinson disease (PD).",
"Mice with targeted deletion of the dopamine D(2) receptor gene (D(2)R[-/-]... | Increased sprouting and DA turnover, as observed in PD and D(2)R(-/-) mice, augments LB-like inclusions and axonal degeneration of dopaminergic neurons. These changes are associated with ER stress and autophagy. | yes |
19,837,096 | Does perinatal exposure of rats to Bisphenol A affect the fertility of male offspring? | {
"contexts": [
"The exposure to endocrine disruptor (ED) induces functional and behavioral abnormalities associated with reproduction. Humans are ubiquitously exposed to Bisphenol A (BPA), an ED, as it leaches from polycarbonate plastics into their contents. The aim of the present study was to determine the effe... | Perinatal exposure to environmentally relevant doses of BPA affects the male germ line, leading to impairments in the fertility of F(1) male offspring and their subsequent F(2) and F(3) generations. | yes |
19,852,824 | Does cD44 expression positively correlate with Foxp3 expression and suppressive function of CD4+ Treg cells? | {
"contexts": [
"CD4(+)CD25(+) regulatory T (T(reg)) cells develop in the thymus and can suppress T cell proliferation, modulated by Foxp3 and cytokines; however, the relevance of CD44 in T(reg) cell development is less clear. To address this issue, we analyzed Foxp3 expression in CD44(+) T(reg) cells by using mu... | This study indicates the presence of two novel phenotypes of T(reg) cells in the thymus, the functional relevance of CD44 in defining T(reg) cell subsets, and the role of both IL-10 and Foxp3 in modulating the function of T(reg) cells. | yes |
19,846,404 | Does nasal high-flow therapy deliver low level positive airway pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this prospective study was to determine whether a level of positive airway pressure was generated in participants receiving nasal high flow (NHF) delivered by the Optiflow system (Fisher and Paykel Healthcare Ltd, Auckland, New Zealand) in a cardiothoracic and vascular intensive care u... | This study demonstrated that a low level of positive pressure was generated with NHF at 35 litre min(-1) of gas flow. This is consistent with results obtained in healthy volunteers. Australian Clinical Trials Registry www.actr.org.au ACTRN012606000139572. | yes |
19,837,110 | Does gene expression analysis during dengue virus infection in HepG2 cells reveal virus control of innate immune response? | {
"contexts": [
"Liver damage occurs during Dengue Virus infection and constitutes a characteristic of severe forms of the disease. The present study was focused on the modulation of gene expression in a human hepatic cell lineage, HepG2, in response to Dengue Virus infection.",
"The global gene expression ch... | Our results suggest that innate immune pathways are involved in the recognition of Dengue Virus by HepG2 cells. These observations may contribute to the understanding of the inflammatory responses induced by Dengue Virus-hepatocytes interaction during dengue diseases. | yes |
19,842,889 | Does propofol with N-acetylcysteine reduce global myocardial ischemic reperfusion injury more than ketamine in a rat model? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the cardioprotective effects of propofol and ketamine with and without N-acetylcysteine (NAC).",
"60 rats were divided into six groups of 10 rats each. Anesthesia induction was produced with an intraperitonal injection of ketamine in Groups 1-3 and propofol in Groups 4-6. NAC (200... | In this rat model of global cardiac ischemia, propofol with NAC attenuates myocardial injury more than ketamine (with or without NAC). | yes |
19,837,786 | Is diabetes distress but not clinical depression or depressive symptoms associated with glycemic control in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the concurrent, prospective, and time-concordant relationships among major depressive disorder (MDD), depressive symptoms, and diabetes distress with glycemic control.",
"In a noninterventional study, we assessed 506 type 2 diabetic patients for MDD (Composite International Diagn... | We found no concurrent or longitudinal association between MDD or depressive symptoms with A1C, whereas both concurrent and time-concordant relationships were found between diabetes distress and A1C. What has been called "depression" among type 2 diabetic patients may really be two conditions, MDD and diabetes distress... | yes |
19,845,150 | Does inhibition of IkappaB kinase beta restrain oncogenic proliferation of pancreatic cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Pancreatic cancer is characterized by an extremely poor prognosis due to the aggressive disease course and lack of effective therapeutic intervention. IkappaB kinase (IKK), a central kinase for nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) activation, is often constitutively activated in pancreatic cancer ce... | These results identify IKKbeta as an attractive molecular target for pancreatic cancer therapy. | yes |
19,862,327 | Does rab11 help maintain apical crumbs and adherens junctions in the Drosophila embryonic ectoderm? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue morphogenesis and organogenesis require that cells retain stable cell-cell adhesion while changing shape and moving. One mechanism to accommodate this plasticity in cell adhesion involves regulated trafficking of junctional proteins.",
"Here we explored trafficking of junctional protei... | We contrast our results with what others saw when disrupting other trafficking regulators, and when disrupting Rab function in other tissues; together these data suggest distinct mechanisms regulate junctional stability and plasticity in different tissues. | yes |
19,862,325 | Are pPARG , KCNJ11 , CDKAL1 , CDKN2A-CDKN2B , IDE-KIF11-HHEX , IGF2BP2 and SLC30A8 associated with type 2 diabetes in a Chinese population? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent advance in genetic studies added the confirmed susceptible loci for type 2 diabetes to eighteen. In this study, we attempt to analyze the independent and joint effect of variants from these loci on type 2 diabetes and clinical phenotypes related to glucose metabolism.",
"Twenty-one sin... | The current study confirmed the association between PPARG, KCNJ11, CDKAL1, CDKN2A-CDKN2B, IDE-KIF11-HHEX, IGF2BP2 and SLC30A8 and type 2 diabetes. These type 2 diabetes risk loci contributed to the disease additively. | yes |
19,845,739 | Does eEG spike activity precede epilepsy after kainate-induced status epilepticus? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic epilepsy frequently develops after brain injury, but prediction of which individual patient will develop spontaneous recurrent seizures (i.e., epilepsy) is not currently possible. Here, we use continuous radiotelemetric electroencephalography (EEG) and video monitoring along with automate... | The temporal features of EEG spikes (i.e., their presence, frequency, and pattern [clusters]) when analyzed over prolonged periods, may be a predictive biomarker for the development of chronic epilepsy after brain injury. Future clinical trials using prolonged EEG recordings may reveal the diagnostic utility of EEG spi... | yes |
19,864,937 | Does impact of antithrombin III concentrate on portal vein thrombosis after splenectomy in patients with liver cirrhosis and hypersplenism? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to determine the role of antithrombin III (AT-III) in portal vein thrombosis (PVT) after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients.",
"There is no standard treatment for PVT after splenectomy in liver cirrhosis.",
"A total of 50 consecutive cirrhotic patients who underwe... | These results demonstrate that low AT-III activity and further decreases in this activity are associated with PVT after splenectomy in cirrhotic patients, and that treatment with AT-III concentrates is likely to prevent the development of PVT in these patients. | yes |
19,854,069 | Does delivery site of perivascular endothelial cell matrices determine control of stenosis in a porcine femoral stent model? | {
"contexts": [
"Endothelial cells, grown within gelatin matrices and implanted onto the adventitia of injured vessels, inhibit stenosis in experimental models. To determine if this technology could be adapted for minimally invasive procedures, the authors compared the effects of cells in an implantable sponge to... | Perivascular endothelial cell matrices reduced stenosis after stent-induced injury. The effects were not dependent on the formulation but appeared to be dependent on delivery site. Minimally invasive injections of endothelial cell matrices to the adventitia of arteries following peripheral interventions may decrease re... | yes |
19,852,816 | Is drosophila KDM2 a H3K4me3 demethylase regulating nucleolar organization? | {
"contexts": [
"CG11033 (dKDM2) is the Drosophila homolog of the gene KDM2B. dKDM2 has been known to possess histone lysine demethylase activity towards H3K36me2 in cell lines and it regulates H2A ubiquitination. The human homolog of the gene has dual activity towards H3K36me2 as well as H3K4me3, and plays an im... | Our findings indicate that dKDM2 is a histone lysine demethylase with specificity for H3K4me3 and regulates nucleolar organization. | yes |
19,861,308 | Does 17beta-Estradiol inhibit matrix metalloproteinase-2 transcription via MAP kinase in fibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"Female sex and sex hormones contribute to cardiac remodelling. 17beta-estradiol (E2) is involved in the modulation of extracellular matrix composition and function. Here, we analysed the effect of E2 on matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-2 gene expression and studied the underlying molecular mechanis... | E2 inhibits MMP-2 expression via the ER and the MAPK pathway in rat cardiac fibroblasts and in a human fibroblast cell line. These mechanisms may contribute to sex-specific differences in fibrotic processes that are observed in human heart and other diseases. | yes |
19,863,797 | Does analysis of knockout mice suggest a role for VGF in the control of fat storage and energy expenditure? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies of mixed background mice have demonstrated that targeted deletion of Vgf produces a lean, hypermetabolic mouse that is resistant to diet-, lesion-, and genetically-induced obesity. To investigate potential mechanism(s) and site(s) of action of VGF, a neuronal and endocrine secret... | We propose that VGF and/or VGF-derived peptides modulate sympathetic outflow pathways to regulate fat storage and energy expenditure. | yes |
19,846,121 | Is unifocalization of major aortopulmonary collateral arteries in pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect essential to achieve excellent outcomes irrespective of native pulmonary artery morphology? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect and major aortopulmonary collateral arteries is a complex lesion with a high rate of natural attrition. We evaluated the outcomes of our strategy of unifocalization in the management of these patients.",
"From 1989 to 2008, 216 patients entered... | By using a strategy of unifocalization, intrapericardial pulmonary artery reconstruction, and right ventricle-pulmonary artery conduit, excellent long-term survival can be achieved in this group of patients even in the absence of native intrapericardial pulmonary arteries. | yes |
19,854,744 | Is `` My story like a goat tied to a hook . '' Views from a marginalized tribal group in Kerala ( India ) on the consequences of falling ill : a participatory poverty and health assessment? | {
"contexts": [
"Indigenous populations tend to have the poorest health outcomes worldwide and they have limited opportunities to present their own perspectives of their situation and shape priorities in research and policy. This study aims to explain low healthcare utilisation rates and opportunities to cope wit... | Improving the capacity of tribal populations to present their own perspectives is likely to lead to more effective tribal development policies and consequently better health. | yes |
19,863,805 | Do selenoproteins regulate macrophage invasiveness and extracellular matrix-related gene expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Selenium, a micronutrient whose deficiency in diet causes immune dysfunction and inflammatory disorders, is thought to exert its physiological effects mostly in the form of selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins). Incorporation of selenium into the amino acid selenocysteine (Sec), and subse... | Selenium status may affect immune defense and tissue homeostasis through its effect on selenoprotein expression and the trafficking of tissue macrophages. | yes |
19,861,814 | Does honey potentiate the gastric protection effects of sucralfate against ammonia-induced gastric lesions in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Natural honey is widely used all over the world as a complementary and alternative medicine in various disorders including gastrointestinal lesions.",
"To evaluate the effects of combination of low dosage of honey (0.312 g/kg) and sucralfate (0.125 or 0.250 g /kg) on gastric protection and to... | The present results suggest potentiation of gastric protection effect of sucralfate by honey and this may have a clinical value in the treatment of peptic ulcer diseases in Helicobacter pylori positive patients. | yes |
19,844,236 | Does chronic bacterial inflammation induce prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in mouse prostate? | {
"contexts": [
"Although the aetiology of prostate cancer remains unknown, we hypothesised that chronic bacterial insult has a major role in prostate carcinogenesis.",
"Male C3H/HeOuJ mice, infected with phosphate-buffered saline or Escherichia coli bacteria, were killed at 5 days, or at 12 or 26 weeks. Harv... | These data demonstrate that chronic inflammation induces focal prostatic glandular atypia and suggest a potential linkage between inflammation and prostatic neoplasia. | yes |
19,841,737 | Does nicotine promote tumor growth and metastasis in mouse models of lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Nicotine is the major addictive component of tobacco smoke. Although nicotine is generally thought to have limited ability to initiate cancer, it can induce cell proliferation and angiogenesis in a variety of systems. These properties might enable nicotine to facilitate the growth of tumors alrea... | Our earlier results indicated that nicotine could induce invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in cultured lung, breast and pancreatic cancer cells. This study demonstrates for the first time that administration of nicotine either by i.p. injection or through over-the-counter dermal patches can promote t... | yes |
19,836,995 | Does corticospinal activation confound cerebellar effects of posterior fossa stimuli? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the efficacy of magnetic stimulation over the posterior fossa (PF) as a non-invasive assessment of cerebellar function in man.",
"We replicated a previously reported conditioning-test paradigm in 11 healthy subjects. Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) at varying intensitie... | CST collaterals are known to contact cortical inhibitory interneurones; antidromic CST activation could therefore contribute to the observed suppression of cortical MEPs. | yes |
19,852,964 | Is peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin more effective than peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin for treating chronic hepatitis C virus infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection are frequently treated with a combination of pegylated interferon (peginterferon) and ribavirin. This study compared the efficacy and safety of peginterferon alfa-2a and peginterferon alfa-2b, each in combination with ribavirin.",
"A tot... | In patients with chronic HCV infection, peginterferon alfa-2a plus ribavirin produced a significantly higher SVR rate than peginterferon alfa-2b plus ribavirin. | yes |
19,851,434 | Does rituximab adversely affect the stem cell mobilization and engraftment after high-dose therapy and autologous transplantation in patients with diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in first complete or partial remission? | {
"contexts": [
"The goal was to investigate the effect of prior combined rituximab (R) and intensive chemotherapy on peripheral blood stem cell mobilization and their engraftment after stem cell transplantation (ASCT) in 69 patients with poor-risk, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL).",
"A statistically co... | Hematopoietic engraftment was rapid for both groups and no different between them. The 3-year event-free survival was 90.4 % in the R group and 67.2 % in the non-R group (p = 0.04), but there was no significant difference in the 3-year overall survival (94,7 % vs 83,5 %; p = 0.179). | no |
19,843,809 | Is ropivacaine spinal anesthesia antagonized by ondansetron pretreatment? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated a possible effect of ondansetron on the duration of sensory and motor block produced by ropivacaine.",
"Fifty male patients undergoing transurethral surgery received either 8 mg oral ondansetron the evening before surgery plus IV 8 mg ondansetron 15 min before subarachnoid ane... | Ondansetron had no effect on the subarachnoid sensory or motor block produced by ropivacaine. | no |
19,843,801 | Does mild hypothermia have no long-term impact on postischemic neurogenesis in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Postischemic improvement of functional outcome by therapeutic hypothermia may be related to cerebral regeneration by postischemic neurogenesis. We investigated whether mild peri-ischemic hypothermia leads to a long-term increase in postischemic neurogenesis.",
"Seventy male sevoflurane-anesth... | Neither intraischemic nor postischemic hypothermia affected the ischemia-induced increase in endogenous neurogenesis. Intraischemic hypothermia reduced hippocampal damage, whereas postischemic hypothermia as applied here did not prevent formation of histopathological injury. This indicates that, 28 days after cerebral ... | yes |
19,846,907 | Does cyclin-mediated G1 arrest by celecoxib differ in low-versus high-grade bladder cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Celecoxib and other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are being evaluated in the prevention of bladder and other cancers. Here we investigate molecular effects of celecoxib independent of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 expression levels in urothelial carcinoma of the bladder.",
"Low-grad... | Celecoxib induces G(1) cell cycle arrest in low- and high-grade bladder cancer by different pathways. This heterogeneous molecular response supports combination approaches to prevention and treatment. | yes |
19,849,847 | Is loss of prostasin ( PRSS8 ) in human bladder transitional cell carcinoma cell lines associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition ( EMT )? | {
"contexts": [
"The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored epithelial extracellular membrane serine protease prostasin (PRSS8) is expressed abundantly in normal epithelia and essential for terminal epithelial differentiation, but down-regulated in human prostate, breast, and gastric cancers and invasive can... | Loss of prostasin expression in bladder transitional cell carcinomas is associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and may have functional implications in tumor invasion and resistance to chemotherapy. | yes |
19,843,474 | Does meCP2 control an epigenetic pathway that promotes myofibroblast transdifferentiation and fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Myofibroblast transdifferentiation generates hepatic myofibroblasts, which promote liver fibrogenesis. The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is a negative regulator of this process. We investigated epigenetic regulation of PPARgamma and myofibroblast transdifferentiatio... | Liver fibrosis is regulated by an epigenetic relay pathway that includes MeCP2, EZH2, and miR132. Reagents that interfere with this pathway might be developed to reduce fibrogenesis in chronic liver disease. | yes |
19,843,475 | Does diffusion tensor imaging support the cytotoxic origin of brain edema in a rat model of acute liver failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Brain edema is a severe complication of acute liver failure (ALF) that has been related to ammonia concentrations. Two mechanisms have been proposed in the pathogenesis: vasogenic edema that is secondary to the breakdown of the blood-brain barrier and cytotoxic edema caused by ammonia metabolites... | The pathogenesis of brain edema in an experimental model of ALF involves a cytotoxic mechanism: the metabolism of ammonia in astrocytes induces an increase of glutamine and lactate that appears to mediate cellular swelling. Therapeutic measures should focus on removing ammonia and improving brain energy metabolism. | yes |
19,840,496 | Does emotion suppression affect cardiovascular responses to initial and subsequent laboratory stressors? | {
"contexts": [
"The study of anger suppression and risk for cardiovascular disease has relied predominately on inspection of correlations between trait anger-in and cardiovascular risk factors and disease. This approach tells us little about whether inhibitory processes have anything to do with outcomes, and can... | Effortful suppression of negative emotion has immediate and delayed consequences for stress-induced cardiovascular reactivity. Theoretical and clinical significance of these findings are discussed. | yes |
19,845,950 | Does persistent treatment with cholinesterase inhibitors and/or memantine slow clinical progression of Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"There are no empiric data to support guidelines for duration of therapy with antidementia drugs. This study examined whether persistent use of antidementia drugs slows clinical progression of Alzheimer disease (AD) assessed by repeated measures on serial tests of cognition and function.",
"Si... | Persistent drug treatment had a positive impact on AD progression assessed by multiple cognitive, functional, and global outcome measures. The magnitude of the treatment effect was clinically significant. Positive treatment effects were even found in those with advanced disease. | yes |
19,840,513 | Is low body mass index an independent risk factor of locoregional recurrence in women with breast cancer undergoing breast conserving therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the risk factors and prognosis for locoregional recurrence (LRR) after breast conserving treatment (BCT) in women with early breast cancer.",
"Women who had undergone BCT from 1998 to 2005 at Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were retrospectively reviewed. LRR was defined as the rea... | BCT in a young population can result in good locoregional control after careful preoperative evaluation. Women with a low BMI are at high risk of LRR. | yes |
19,854,240 | Does gamma-Irradiation induce P2X ( 7 ) receptor-dependent ATP release from B16 melanoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Ionizing irradiation causes not only growth arrest and cell death, but also release of growth factors or signal transmitters, which promote cancer malignancy. Extracellular ATP controls cancer growth through activation of purinoceptors. However, there is no report of radiation-induced ATP release... | We suggest that extracellular ATP could be a novel intercellular signaling molecule released from cancer cells when cells are exposed to ionizing radiation. | yes |
19,836,925 | Does empirical evaluation suggest Copas selection model preferable to trim-and-fill method for selection bias in meta-analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Meta-analysis yields a biased result if published studies represent a biased selection of the evidence. Copas proposed a selection model to assess the sensitivity of meta-analysis conclusions to possible selection bias. An alternative proposal is the trim-and-fill method. This article reports an ... | The assumption that the most extreme studies are missing leads to excessively conservative inference in practice for the trim-and-fill method. The Copas selection model appears to be the preferable approach. | yes |
19,846,742 | Is higher serum testosterone concentration in older women associated with insulin resistance , metabolic syndrome , and cardiovascular disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Early postmenopausal women with higher testosterone (T) levels have increased insulin resistance (IR) and cardiovascular risk factors, but whether this translates into increased cardiovascular disease later in life is unknown.",
"The objective of the study was to determine whether higher T le... | Higher levels of T are associated with IR, MetSyn, and CHD in elderly women. Whether T is a marker or mediator of cardiovascular disease in this population merits further investigation. | yes |
19,840,425 | Does carbon dioxide laser cordectomy for verrucous carcinoma of vocal fold? | {
"contexts": [
"Verrucous carcinoma occurs infrequently in the vocal folds. This tumour has an excellent prognosis with proper treatment. Management strategies include surgery, radiotherapy or both.",
"To evaluate the long-term results of type I and II laser cordectomy for the treatment of verrucous carcinom... | Type I or II laser cordectomy is a safe, feasible, secure method of treating verrucous carcinoma of the vocal folds. There were no major complications in our patient series. Most recurrent disease was manageable locally with repeated surgery. | yes |
19,866,480 | Does combination of alpha-1 antitrypsin and doxycycline suppress collagen-induced arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a complex disease characterized by autoimmune inflammation and joint destruction. Despite recent advances in RA treatment, current therapies require further improvement to overcome adverse events and ineffectiveness in some cases. By targeting different pathways/molec... | The results obtained in the present study indicate that a combination therapy using AAT and doxycycline holds promising potential as a new therapy for RA. | yes |
19,846,801 | Does insulin cause hyperthermia by direct inhibition of warm-sensitive neurons? | {
"contexts": [
"Temperature and nutrient homeostasis are two interdependent components of energy balance regulated by distinct sets of hypothalamic neurons. The objective is to examine the role of the metabolic signal insulin in the control of core body temperature (CBT).",
"The effect of preoptic area admin... | Our findings demonstrate that insulin can directly modulate hypothalamic neurons that regulate thermogenesis and CBT and indicate that insulin plays an important role in coupling metabolism and thermoregulation at the level of anterior hypothalamus. | yes |
19,845,574 | Does allergen provocation increase TH2-cytokines and FOXP3 expression in the asthmatic lung? | {
"contexts": [
"Allergic asthma is caused by allergen-specific IgE and T-helper cell (Th) type 2 responses towards airborne allergens. The objective of this study was to investigate local and systemic regulatory mechanisms in the early asthmatic response to bronchial allergen provocation.",
"Birch pollen-all... | Despite an increase in CD4(+)CD25(bright) cells expressing high levels of FOXP3 in response to bronchial allergen provocation, asthmatic patients exhibit enhanced levels of Th2 cytokines in the lung, which may indicate an inability among infiltrating cells to suppress Th2 responses. | yes |
19,854,337 | Is adequacy of vitamin D replacement in severe deficiency dependent on body mass index? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity is associated with hypovitaminosis D. Whether body mass index (BMI) determines the replacement dose of vitamin D to achieve sufficiency is unclear.",
"To determine the relationship between BMI and serum 25-OH vitamin D concentrations and whether the increase in serum 25-OH vitamin D c... | Efficacy of vitamin D supplementation is dependent on BMI. Overweight and obese patients with hypovitaminosis D might require higher doses of vitamin D to achieve vitamin D repletion compared with individuals with normal body weight. | yes |
19,865,053 | Is remifentanil bolus dose a safe procedure to control intense noxious stimuli in hypertensive neurosurgical patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with hypertension may be more prone to develop hypotension as a consequence of opioid administration under general anesthesia. The hemodynamic and bispectral index responses to a remifentanil bolus in neurosurgical hypertensive patients under target-controlled infusion with propofol and ... | In a clinical situation in which high remifentanil doses may be required, hypertensive patients are expected to have hemodynamic and bispectral index responses similar to those observed in healthy patients. | yes |
19,844,580 | Does a statistical model of protein sequence similarity and function similarity reveal overly-specific function predictions? | {
"contexts": [
"Predicting protein function from primary sequence is an important open problem in modern biology. Not only are there many thousands of proteins of unknown function, current approaches for predicting function must be improved upon. One problem in particular is overly-specific function predictions ... | Our model shows nearly exact function similarity for proteins with high sequence similarity (bit score >244.7, e-value >1e(-62), non-redundant NCBI protein database (NRDB)) and only small likelihood of specific function match for proteins with low sequence similarity (bit score <54.6, e-value <1e(-05), NRDB). For seque... | yes |
19,853,641 | Does proteome analysis reveal candidate markers of disease progression in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis ( ALS )? | {
"contexts": [
"In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) the pathological determinants of disease progression remain poorly understood. We aimed to identify a characteristic CSF protein pattern that could provide new candidate biomarkers of disease progression in ALS.",
"Using the two-dimensional difference in... | Fetuin-A and TTR are promising candidate markers for disease progression in ALS that warrant further evaluation on a larger cohort of patients. | yes |
19,855,107 | Do digit ratios serve as anatomical evidence of prenatal androgen exposure in clinical phenotypes of polycystic ovary syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is heterogeneous in its clinical presentation and four major phenotypes have been identified. The precise etiology of PCOS is unknown; however, variable exposure to prenatal androgens may be responsible for the spectrum of endocrine and metabolic disturbances char... | Women with PCOS do not demonstrate finger length patterns that are consistent with increased prenatal androgen exposure. These findings do not preclude a role for prenatal androgens in the development of PCOS; however, low 2D:4D are not a characteristic of PCOS. | no |
19,837,644 | Does dexamethasone inhibit tumor necrosis factor-alpha-stimulated gastric epithelial cell migration? | {
"contexts": [
"Cell migration (restitution) occurs in the early phase of gastric ulcer healing. Tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha is overexpressed at the ulcer margin and plays a physiologic role in gastric ulcer healing. Dexamethasone, which is a potent corticosteroid, delays rat gastric ulcer healing. We eval... | TNF-alpha plays a regulatory role in rat gastric epithelial cell migration and dexamethasone inhibited TNF-alpha-stimulated cell migration, which was associated with a decrease in COX-2 expression and PGE2 formation. | yes |
19,839,718 | Is dickkopf-1 autoantibody a novel serological biomarker for non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether or not there are autoantibodies for DKK1 (Dickkopf-1) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and whether this autoantibody can be used for cancer detection.",
"The levels of DKK1 autoantibodies were determined in 93 NSCLC patients and 87 healthy controls."... | Our results suggest that the detection of circulating DKK1 autoantibody could potentially serve as a useful non-invasive marker for determining lung cancer status. | yes |
19,844,578 | Are the pentameric vertex proteins necessary for the icosahedral carboxysome shell to function as a CO2 leakage barrier? | {
"contexts": [
"Carboxysomes are polyhedral protein microcompartments found in many autotrophic bacteria; they encapsulate the CO(2) fixing enzyme, ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RubisCO) within a thin protein shell and provide an environment that enhances the catalytic capabilities of the enzy... | In the absence of the CsoS4 proteins the carboxysome shell loses its limited permeability to CO(2) and is no longer able to provide the catalytic advantage RubisCO derives from microcompartmentalization. This study presents direct evidence that the diffusion barrier property of the carboxysome shell contributes signifi... | yes |
19,864,992 | Does a previous cholecystectomy increase the risk of developing advanced adenomas of the colon? | {
"contexts": [
"There is limited data assessing the relationship between cholecystectomy and colorectal adenomatous polyps (AP). Our aim was to determine if cholecystectomy was associated with an increased prevalence of advanced AP in male veterans.",
"The relationship of whether prior cholecystectomy modifi... | A prior cholecystectomy was independently associated with an increased risk of developing advanced AP. Also, there appeared to be a trend toward a greater prevalence of advanced lesions as postcholecystectomy time increased. | yes |
19,863,672 | Is viral interleukin-6 encoded by rhesus macaque rhadinovirus associated with lymphoproliferative disorder ( LPD )? | {
"contexts": [
"Rhesus macaques (RM) co-infected with simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) and rhesus macaque rhadinovirus (RRV) develop abnormal cellular proliferations characterized as extra-nodal lymphoma and retroperitoneal fibromatosis (RF). RRV encodes a viral interleukin-6 (vIL-6), much like Kaposi's sarco... | Our data support the idea that vIL-6 may be critical to the development and progression of lymphoproliferative disorder in RRV/SIV-infected RM. | yes |
19,863,673 | Does vaccination with SIVmac239Deltanef activate CD4+ T cells in the absence of CD4 T-cell loss? | {
"contexts": [
"Pathogenic HIV and SIV infections characteristically deplete central memory CD4(+) T cells and induce chronic immune activation, but it is controversial whether this also occurs after vaccination with attenuated SIVs and whether depletion or activation of CD4(+) T-cell play roles in protection ag... | We demonstrated in this study that SIVmac239Deltanef vaccination did not deplete CD4(+) T cells but transiently activated and expanded the memory cell population. However, increases in numbers and activation of memory CD4(+) T cells did not appear to influence protective immunity. | yes |
19,863,677 | Are macaca fascicularis highly susceptible to an RT-SHIV following intravaginal inoculation : a new model for microbicide evaluation? | {
"contexts": [
"Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) reverse transcriptase (RT) is a major target for antiretroviral strategy to block or curtail HIV infection. A suitable RT-SHIV/macaque model is urgently needed for the evaluation of HIV/AIDS therapies and microbicides specifically targeting HIV-1 RT.",
... | Results serve to validate the infectivity and pathogenicity of RT-SHIVtc following vaginal exposure in M. fascicularis. This RT-SHIVtc/macaque model could be suitable for the pre-clinical evaluation of non-nucleoside RT inhibitor-based anti-HIV microbicides. | yes |
19,837,825 | Do thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis at time of hospitalization predict mortality in patients with community-acquired pneumonia? | {
"contexts": [
"Platelets are inflammatory cells with an important role in antimicrobial host defenses. We speculate that an abnormal platelet count may be a marker of severity in patients with community-acquired pneumonia (CAP). The objectives of this study were to evaluate if abnormal platelet count in hospita... | Thrombocytopenia and thrombocytosis are associated with mortality in patients hospitalized with CAP. When evaluating an initial CBC test in patients with CAP, an abnormal platelet count is a better predictor of outcome than an abnormal leukocyte count. | yes |
19,837,828 | Does n-methyl-D-aspartate glutamate receptor blockade attenuate lung injury associated with experimental sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to examine the effects of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) channel blocker dizocilpine (MK-801) on lung injury in rats submitted to experimental sepsis induced by cecal ligation and perforation (CLP).",
"Adult male Wistar rats submitted to CLP were given a s... | These findings indicate that NMDAR blockade might represent a promising novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of sepsis and inflammatory disorders. | yes |
19,836,899 | Does sleep loss aggravate the deteriorating effect of hypoglycemia on neurocognitive function in healthy men? | {
"contexts": [
"Sleep deprivation (SD) impairs neurocognitive functions. Assuming that this effect is mediated by reduced cerebral glucose supply due to prolonged wakefulness inducing a progressive depletion of cerebral glycogen stores, we hypothesized that short-term sleep loss amplifies the deteriorating effec... | One night of total SD deteriorates neurocognitive function as reflected by indicators of attentive stimulus processing, but does not synergistically aggravate the impairing influence of acute hypoglycemia. The findings are not consistent with the view that neurocognitive deteriorations after SD result from challenged c... | no |
19,852,986 | Does corticotropin-releasing hormone attenuate vascular endothelial growth factor release from human HaCaT keratinocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is a central component of the local hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, which has a functional equivalent in the skin. To determine whether CRH and its receptor, CRH-R1, modulate the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), which is ove... | CRH might downregulate the expression of VEGF through the CRH-R1 and MAPK (p38 MAPK and JNK1/2) signaling pathways in human HaCaT cells. | yes |
19,855,891 | Is informatics training for clinicians more important than hardware and software? | {
"contexts": [
"The importance of training physicians and nurses in the art, skill and science of clinical informatics has never been greater. What level of training is necessary and sufficient to equip the 21st century healthcare workforce for the transformative opportunity enabled by widespread deployment of E... | The health challenges of the 21 century require that we rapidly train the clinical workforce in clinical informatics. In addition to buying hardware and software, our health systems need to sponsor this training. Two percent of every Health IT budget should be targeted for clinician education. | yes |
19,858,780 | Do gene-gene interactions in folate and adenosine biosynthesis pathways affect methotrexate efficacy and tolerability in rheumatoid arthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"As no single nucleotide polymorphism has emerged as pivotal to predict the lack of efficacy and dose-limiting toxicities to methotrexate (MTX), we evaluated the contribution of gene-gene interactions to the effects of this prodrug in rheumatoid arthritis.",
"A total of 255 patients treated wi... | These data indicate that gene-gene interactions impact MTX efficacy and tolerability in rheumatoid arthritis. | yes |
19,845,939 | Does mitomycin C induce bystander killing in homogeneous and heterogeneous hepatoma cellular models? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common cancers worldwide that is particularly refractory to chemotherapy. Several studies have proposed combination chemotherapy regimen for HCC treatment. However, these therapies are not effective in regressing tumor and prolonging survival of p... | Our results highlight the therapeutic importance of MMC in the treatment of HCC and implicate role of membrane bound and secreted forms of FasL and TRAIL in MMC induced bystander killing. | yes |
19,862,334 | Does tGF-beta-induced interleukin-6 participate in transdifferentiation of human Tenon 's fibroblasts to myofibroblasts? | {
"contexts": [
"To gain a better understanding of the roles of interleukins (ILs) in subconjunctival fibrosis, we investigated their expression in transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1)-stimulated Tenon's fibroblasts and examined their association with the transdifferentiation of fibroblasts to myofibrobla... | Our data show that autocrine IL-6 may participate in the TGF-beta1-induced transdifferentiation of human Tenon's fibroblasts to myofibroblasts, which is known to be an essential step for subconjunctival fibrosis. | yes |
19,862,336 | Is retinal ischemia-induced apoptosis associated with alteration in Bax and Bcl-x ( L ) expression rather than modifications in Bak and Bcl-2? | {
"contexts": [
"Apoptosis is known to play a key role in cell death after retinal ischemia. However, little is known about the kinetics of the signaling pathways involved and their contribution to this process. The aim of this study was to determine whether changes in the expression of molecules in the mitochond... | This study revealed that Bcl-2-related family members were differently regulated in the early and late phases after an ischemic insult. We showed that the Bax:Bcl-2 and Bax:Bcl-x(L) balances were not affected in the initial phases, but the Bax:Bcl-x(L) ratio shifted toward apoptosis during the late phase of recovery. T... | yes |
19,862,339 | Is eTX1 over-expressed in the glaucomatous trabecular meshwork? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether exon-trapped X chromosome clone 1 (ETX1) is overexpressed in the trabecular meshwork (TM) of glaucomatous human eyes compared to controls.",
"Immunohistochemical, western blot, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay analysis were used with human tissues and TM protein extr... | This is the first report demonstrating overexpression of ETX1 in glaucomatous TM. ETX1 expression may regulate TM protein interactions involved in cell adhesion, and its aberrant overexpression may be part of the pathophysiological pathway in the development of glaucoma. | yes |
19,845,724 | Does pressure recovery explain doppler overestimation of invasive pressure gradient across segmental vascular stenosis? | {
"contexts": [
"This investigation sought to discern the accuracy of Doppler predictions of pressure drops in stenotic jets mimicking aortic coarctation (AC) across a broad spectrum of conditions, using an in vitro nonpulsatile flow model.",
"The model allowed for different AC diameter and length, different ... | Caution should be used in applying the SBE to the noninvasive assessment of AC severity. Significant segmental stenosis is associated with significant underestimation of the actual pressure gradient because of viscous losses. A substantial overestimation of the actual pressure drop due to a pressure recovery effect may... | yes |
19,863,810 | Do rAD51 paralogs promote homology-directed repair at diversifying immunoglobulin V regions? | {
"contexts": [
"Gene conversion depends upon the same factors that carry out more general process of homologous recombination, including homologous gene targeting and recombinational repair. Among these are the RAD51 paralogs, conserved factors related to the key recombination factor, RAD51. In chicken and other... | These results demonstrate direct functions of RAD51D and XRCC2 in immunoglobulin gene conversion, and also suggest that modulation of levels of repair factors may be a useful strategy to promote gene correction in other cell types. | yes |
19,864,744 | Is laparoscopic cholecystectomy feasible and safe in acute cholecystitis? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic cholecystectomy in acute cholecystitis.",
"Between June 1993 and December 1996, 424 consecutive patients underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy; 45 (10.6%) had acute cholecystitis confirmed by ultrasound.",
"All 45 patients were opened ... | Laparoscopic cholecystectomy is feasible and safe in patients with acute cholecystitis, provided it is performed by experienced surgeons. Although the procedure is somewhat lengthy, it is associated with low conversion rate, no serious morbidity and zero mortality. | yes |
19,841,032 | Does dominant frequency of atrial fibrillation correlate poorly with atrial fibrillation cycle length? | {
"contexts": [
"Localized sites of high frequency during atrial fibrillation (AF) are used as target sites to eliminate AF. Spectral analysis is used experimentally to determine these sites. The purpose of this study was to compare dominant frequencies (DF) with AF cycle length (AFCL) of unipolar and bipolar rec... | DFs from unipolar and bipolar electrograms recorded during AF correlated poorly with mean, median, and mode AFCL. If a frequency gradient >25% existed, the site with highest DF corresponded to the site of shortest median AFCL in only 25% of patients. Because spectral analysis is being used to identify ablation sites, t... | yes |
19,840,272 | Does decrease in nerve fibre density in human sigmoid colon circular muscle occur with growth but not aging? | {
"contexts": [
"Studies in animals suggest that enteric neurons decrease in density or number with increasing age. Neurons containing nitric oxide (NO), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and Substance P (SP) have been implicated. In human large intestine, NO-utilizing neurons decrease during childhood or early... | In human sigmoid colon circular muscle, there are reductions in nNOS-, VIP- and SP-IR nerve fibre density with growth from newborn to late adolescence but little further change with aging. The reduction in nerve density is due to an increase in circular muscle thickness rather than a loss of nerve fibres. | yes |
19,845,571 | Are coagulation/fibrinolysis and inflammation markers associated with disease activity in patients with chronic urticaria? | {
"contexts": [
"The evaluation of disease severity and activity of chronic urticaria (CU) is essential for the adequate treatment of patients. However, there is no reliable biomarker for such evaluations. Recently, markers of blood coagulation and fibrinolysis have been revealed to be elevated in severe cases of... | The measurement of plasma FDP, d-dimer and serum CRP may be useful for the assessment of disease activity of CU. | yes |
19,836,435 | Does extracellular ATP activate MAP kinase cascades through a P2Y purinergic receptor in the human intestinal Caco-2 cell line? | {
"contexts": [
"ATP exerts diverse effects on various cell types via specific purinergic P2Y receptors. Intracellular signaling cascades are the main routes of communication between P2Y receptors and regulatory targets in the cell.",
"We examined the role of ATP in the modulation of ERK1/2, JNK1/2, and p38 M... | These findings provide new molecular basis for further understanding the mechanisms involved in ATP functions, as a signal transducer and activator of MAP kinase cascades, in colon adenocarcinoma Caco-2 cells. | yes |
19,861,589 | Do semantic event-related potential components reflect severity of comprehension deficits in aphasia? | {
"contexts": [
"Several cognitive event-related potential (ERP) components such as mismatch negativity, P300, N400, and the late positive component (LPC) have been studied in aphasia. The aim of this study was to determine whether a modified semantic incongruity paradigm can serve as a more graded differentiatio... | Semantic access and integration are performed differently in aphasic subjects with severe comprehension deficits. These differences in lexical-semantic processing must be taken into account in rehabilitation approaches that aim to improve comprehension deficits. Moreover, the findings may contribute to the design of th... | yes |
19,863,515 | Is repeated low-dose skin exposure an effective sensitizing stimulus , a factor to be taken into account in predicting sensitization risk? | {
"contexts": [
"Contact sensitization by ingredients in personal products is an important clinical problem. It is not clear how sensitization is induced by the generally low concentrations at which they occur but it might be the result of repeated exposure.",
"To compare the strength of contact sensitization... | The same degree of sensitization was induced by three exposures to DNCB 10 microg cm(-2) as by one exposure to 60 microg cm(-2) of DNCB. Thus repeated exposure to low doses of contact sensitizers may increase the sensitizing potency. This must be taken into account in future risk assessments. | yes |
19,846,912 | Does artemisinin-transferrin conjugate retard growth of breast tumors in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"Artemisinin is a compound isolated from the wormwood Artemisia annua L. It reacts with iron and forms cytotoxic free radicals. It is selectively more toxic to cancer than normal cells because cancer cells contain significantly more intracellular free iron. Previously, we found that covalently tag... | Artemisinin-transferrin conjugate could be developed into a potent therapeutic agent for cancer in humans. | yes |
19,846,913 | Does exogenous expression of caspase-14 induce tumor suppression in human salivary cancer cells by inhibiting tumor vascularization? | {
"contexts": [
"Current therapeutic approaches to salivary gland cancer are often associated with severe disfigurement and loss of glandular function, which are traumatic to the patients. Exploration of novel treatment approaches, such as gene therapy, is needed.",
"The human salivary gland cancer cell line ... | Salivary gland cancer cells underwent growth inhibition, cell death, and reduced tumorigenicity in vivo when exogenous caspase-14 was expressed, which could be due, in part, to an inhibitory effect of caspase-14 on tumor vascularization. | yes |
19,846,911 | Does xanthohumol activate the proapoptotic arm of the unfolded protein response in chronic lymphocytic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is an incurable disease with a natural history of increasing resistance to chemotherapy. A novel approach to overcome chemotherapy resistance may be targeting the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).",
"The involvement of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the ce... | X stimulates the proapoptotic arm of the UPR in ex vivo CLL cells, suggesting that ER stress may play an important role during X-induced apoptosis. | yes |
19,846,914 | Does down-regulation of 20-HETE synthesis and signaling inhibit renal adenocarcinoma cell proliferation and tumor growth? | {
"contexts": [
"We examined the ability of inhibitors of the synthesis or actions of 20-HETE, metabolite of arachidonic acid, to inhibit proliferation of human renal carcinoma cell lines.",
"786-O and 769-P cells were exposed to either 10 microM HET0016 (selective inhibitor of 20-HETE synthesis), 10 microM W... | 20-HETE is required for proliferation of human renal epithelial cancer. | yes |
19,847,394 | Does diabetes regulate mitochondrial biogenesis and fission in mouse neurons? | {
"contexts": [
"Normal mitochondrial activity is a critical component of neuronal metabolism and function. Disruption of mitochondrial activity by altered mitochondrial fission and fusion is the root cause of both neurodegenerative disorders and Charcot-Marie-Tooth type 2A inherited neuropathy. This study addres... | We propose that: (1) mitochondria undergo biogenesis in response to hyperglycaemia, but the increased biogenesis is insufficient to accommodate the metabolic load; (2) hyperglycaemia causes an excess of mitochondrial fission, creating small, damaged mitochondria; and (3) reduction of aberrant mitochondrial fission incr... | yes |
19,847,399 | Are the bispectral index and suppression ratio very early predictors of neurological outcome during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the bispectral index (BIS) and suppression ratio (SR) as very early predictors of neurological outcome during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest.",
"Demographic data, BIS1, and SR1 were recorded from 97 patients after the first dose of neuromuscular blockade, with outcom... | In our single-center cohort utilizing moderate sedation, the bispectral index and suppression ratio recorded after the first dose of intermittent neuromuscular blockade were accurate and very early predictors of neurological outcome during therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest. | yes |
19,863,831 | Does the addition of mechanical insufflation/exsufflation shorten airway-clearance sessions in neuromuscular patients with chest infection? | {
"contexts": [
"Mechanical insufflation/exsufflation (in-exsufflation) increases peak cough flow and may improve sputum clearance. No studies have compared current respiratory physiotherapy practice (manual percussion, shaking, and assisted cough) plus mechanical in-exsufflation to current physiotherapy practice... | This is a short-term study of the use of in-exsufflation as a supplement to standard NIV plus physiotherapy in a small group of patients with neuromuscular disease. The addition of mechanical in-exsufflation shortened airway-clearance sessions. The device appeared to be safe and well tolerated, and may provide addition... | yes |
19,850,631 | Does preliminary proficiency testing result for succinylacetone in dried blood spots for newborn screening for tyrosinemia type I? | {
"contexts": [
"Succinylacetone (SUAC) is the primary metabolite accumulated in tyrosinemia type I--an inborn error of metabolism that, if untreated, can cause death from liver failure during the first months of life. Newborn screening laboratories measure SUAC in dried blood spot (DBS) samples to detect asympto... | The wide ranges of SUAC concentrations reported for pilot and proficiency testing specimens demonstrate a need to harmonize quantitative results among laboratories. Although DBS matrix calibrators are important for optimizing SUAC recoveries, the preparation of these calibrators is not standardized among laboratories. ... | yes |
19,863,969 | Does metabolic risk vary according to waist circumference measurement site in overweight boys and girls? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare waist circumference (WC) values measured at 4 commonly recommended sites and examine the relationships between WC sites and markers of metabolic risk in a sample of overweight boys and girls referred for weight management.",
"Overweight (mean body mass index percentile, 98.7; SD, 1... | In our sample, we observed differences in 4 commonly recommended WC measurement sites and found that all sites were not equivalently associated with metabolic risk. Our findings provide preliminary support suggesting that WC measured at the narrowest waist and midpoint between the floating rib and iliac crest may repre... | yes |
19,864,164 | Does pre-implantation basiliximab reduce incidence of early acute rejection in pediatric heart transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Basiliximab is an anti-CD25 monoclonal antibody used as induction therapy in solid-organ transplantation. In this study we aim to determine whether pre-operative administration of basiliximab is beneficial in preventing early heart allograft rejection.",
"In this investigation we assess the e... | The results of this study confirm that basiliximab is effective at suppressing CD25 count whether given pre- or post-CPB. Basiliximab before transplantation appeared to reduce acute rejection, whereas post-CPB administration did not suggest similar effects. These findings require independent validation in randomized tr... | yes |
19,842,220 | Is short-term celecoxib intervention a safe and effective chemopreventive for gastric carcinogenesis based on a Mongolian gerbil model? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the optimal intervention point of a selective cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitor, celecoxib, for inhibiting Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric carcinogenesis in Mongolian gerbils (MGs).",
"One hundred and twelve MGs were divided into six groups (A-F). One hundred g... | Short-term treatment with celecoxib has an anti-carcinogenic effect, and resulted in less severe inflammation and inhibited the invasive degree of gastric cancer. | yes |
19,845,949 | Does increased cardiac index due to terbutaline treatment aggravate capillary-alveolar macromolecular leakage in oleic acid lung injury in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"We assessed the in vivo effects of terbutaline, a beta2-agonist assumed to reduce microvascular permeability in acute lung injury.",
"We used a recently developed broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) technique to repeatedly measure (every 15 min. for 4 hours) the time-course of capillary-alveolar le... | As cardiac index increased with terbutaline infusion, we speculate that terbutaline recruits leaky capillaries and increases FITC-D70 leakage after OA injury. These findings suggest that therapies inducing an increase in cardiac output and a decrease in pulmonary vascular resistances have the potential to heighten the ... | yes |
19,842,229 | Is a new polymorphism in the GRP78 associated with HBV invasion? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the association between -86 bp (T > A) in the glucose-regulated protein 78 gene (GRP78) and hepatitis B virus (HBV) invasion.",
"DNA was genotyped for the single-nucleotide polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction followed by sequencing in a sample of 382 unrelated HBV carriers an... | -86 bp T > A polymorphism in GRP78 gene is not related to the clinical risk and acute exacerbation of HBV invasion. | no |
19,860,797 | Does systemic administration of arecoline reduce ethanol-induced sleeping through activation of central muscarinic receptor in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiological evidence of co-use of alcohol and areca nuts suggests a potential central interaction between arecoline, a major alkaloid of areca and a muscarinic receptor agonist, and ethanol. Moreover, the central cholinergic system plays an important role in the depressant action of ethanol a... | These results suggest that central muscarinic receptor is a pharmacological target for the action of arecoline to modulate ethanol-induced hypnosis. | yes |
19,865,796 | Does tumor irrigation fluid enhance diagnostic efficacy in endoscopic biopsies of intracranial space-occupying lesions? | {
"contexts": [
"Intraventricular neuroendoscopic CNS biopsiesare small, fragmented, and tissue is frequently inadequate for diagnosis. We have attempted to increase cellular yield using tumor irrigation fluid (TIF) and a cyto-histological approach for diagnosis of intracranial tumors, cysts, and infections.",
... | Additional tissue from TIF preserves the original biopsy, provides more material for diagnosis and gives a better morphological picture in smears. Hence diagnosis of endoscopic CNS biopsies can be rendered in more cases and with greater degree of confidence. | yes |
19,840,000 | Is cigarette smoking associated with suicidality in bipolar disorder? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoking in individuals with bipolar disorder has been associated with suicidal behavior, although the precise relationship between the two remains unclear.",
"In this prospective observational study of 116 individuals with bipolar disorder, we examined the association between smokin... | In this study, current cigarette smoking was a predictor of current and nine-month suicidal ideation and behavior in bipolar disorder, and it is likely that impulsivity accounts for some of this relationship. | yes |
19,849,863 | Does expression profiling identify genes involved in neoplastic transformation of serous ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The malignant potential of serous ovarian tumors, the most common ovarian tumor subtype, varies from benign to low malignant potential (LMP) tumors to frankly invasive cancers. Given the uncertainty about the relationship between these different forms, we compared their patterns of gene expressio... | These results highlight several genes that may play an important role across the spectrum of serous ovarian tumorigenesis. | yes |
19,860,817 | Does increased vascular permeability precede cellular inflammation as asthma control deteriorates? | {
"contexts": [
"Airway microcirculation is abnormal in asthma but the role of vascular changes in asthma deteriorations remains poorly defined. We prospectively assessed the vascular changes accompanying worsening of asthma control by using an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) dose-reduction model.",
"To evaluate... | Our results suggest that airway vascular leakage is a major pathophysiologic feature of early asthma deterioration, occurring before recrudescence of cellular inflammation. | yes |
19,860,818 | Does midostaurin ( PKC412 ) inhibit immunoglobulin E-dependent activation and mediator release in human blood basophils and mast cells? | {
"contexts": [
"KIT tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI), such as nilotinib or midostaurin (PKC412), are increasingly used in clinical trials to counteract neoplastic cell growth in patients with aggressive mast cell (MC) disorders. However, these patients suffer not only from MC infiltration and consecutive organ d... | Midostaurin may be a beneficial drug in aggressive systemic mastocytosis not only because of its growth-inhibitory effects but also because of its additional effects on activation and mediator release in MC and basophils. | yes |
19,851,748 | Do single pancreatic beta cells co-express multiple islet hormone genes in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"It is widely accepted that production of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in islet cells is specific to beta, alpha, delta and pancreatic polypeptide cells, respectively. We examined whether beta cells express other genes encoding islet hormones.",
"Nested RT-PCR was... | This study shows co-expression of multiple hormone genes in beta cells of adult mice as well as in embryos and neonates. This finding could: (1) represent residual expression from beta cell precursors; (2) result from alternative developmental pathways for beta cells; or (3) denote the differentiation potential of thes... | yes |
19,839,062 | Does bH3-only protein bid participate in the Bcl-2 network in healthy liver cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Bcl-2 homology domain 3 (BH3)-only protein Bid is posttranslationally cleaved by caspase-8 into its truncated form (tBid) and couples with stress signals to the mitochondrial cell death pathway. However, the physiological relevance of Bid is not clearly understood. Hepatocyte-specific knockout (K... | Bid, originally considered to be a sensor for apoptotic stimuli, is constitutively active in healthy liver cells and is involved in the Bak/Bax-dependent mitochondrial cell death pathway. Healthy liver cells are addicted to a single Bcl-2-like molecule because of BH3 stresses, and therefore special caution may be requi... | yes |
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