pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,843,025 | Is prostaglandin EP2 receptor expression increased in Barrett 's oesophagus and oesophageal adenocarcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Accumulating evidence suggests that cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2)-derived prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) is involved in oesophageal adenocarcinogenesis. PGE2 exerts its biological action by binding to specific receptors (EP1, EP2, EP3 and EP4).",
"To investigate which PGE2 receptor subtypes regulate PGE2... | Our data suggest that in addition to COX-2, EP2 and EP4 receptors could be a selective target in the prevention and/or treatment of the Barrett's-associated adenocarcinoma. | yes |
19,841,044 | Is overweight associated with impaired beta-cell function during pregnancy : a longitudinal study of 553 normal pregnancies? | {
"contexts": [
"To monitor beta-cell function and insulin sensitivity longitudinally in a large cohort of pregnant women to elucidate mechanisms that influence glycemic control in pregnancy.",
"Five hundred and fifty-three pregnant Scandinavian women underwent 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) at weeks... | beta-cell function adjusted for insulin sensitivity (DI(o)) deteriorated during pregnancy in both glucose-tolerant and glucose-intolerant women. The failure to compensate the decrease in insulin sensitivity was accentuated in overweight women. | yes |
19,857,674 | Is hyperuricemia a mediator of endothelial dysfunction and inflammation in renal allograft recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"Hyperuricemia is common in renal transplant recipients treated with calcineurin inhibitors. Uric acid induces glomerular hypertension, microvascular disease, and renal interstitial fibrosis and is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular complications. The mechanisms by which uric acid injur... | Hyperuricemia mediates endothelial dysfunction and inflammation and via this pathway, possibly contributes to chronic allograft injury and cardiovascular events in renal allograft recipients. | yes |
19,835,162 | Is [ Expression of the hrcC , hrpE and hpa3 genes regulated by the hrpG and hrpX genes in a rice pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv . oryzicola ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The hrp (hypersensitive response on nonhost plants and pathogenicity in host plants) gene cluster, which conforms Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzicola, the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak in rice, to the ability to elicit a hypersensitive response (HR) in nonhost tobacco and pathogenicity in ho... | This indicated that the expression of the hrcC, hrpE and hpa3 genes was not regulated by the hrpG and/or hrpX genes, but the expression of the hrcT gene was negatively controlled by the hrpG gene. Thus, we postulated that the expression of key type- III secretion (T3S) apparatus components was controlled by an unknown ... | no |
19,856,864 | Do human umbilical cord blood cells protect against hypothalamic apoptosis and systemic inflammation response during heatstroke in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord blood cells (HUCBC) has been shown to improve heatstroke by reducing arterial hypotension as well as cerebral ischemia and damage in a rat model. To extend these findings, we assessed both hypothalamic neuronal apoptosis and systemic inflammatory... | These findings suggest that HUCBC transplantation may prevent the occurrence of heatstroke by reducing hypothalamic neuronal damage and the systemic inflammatory responses. | yes |
19,838,143 | Are empiric antibiotics justified for infants with respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection presenting with respiratory failure : a prospective study and evidence review? | {
"contexts": [
"Although some studies indicate a low risk of serious bacterial infection in infants with respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), these studies focused on patients who did not progress to respiratory failure. We hypothesized the composite diagnosis of concomitant bacterial pneumonia (CBP) is common in ... | While the small size of this study does not permit definitive conclusions, these data, in combination with other data from the literature, suggest that composite evidence of bacterial pneumonia in otherwise low-risk infants with RSV presenting with respiratory failure is 20% or higher and the use of empirical antibioti... | yes |
19,844,141 | Is [ Prevalence of colorectal adenoma increased in patients with gastric adenoma ]? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been reported that patients with gastric cancer may be at increased risk of synchronous or metachronous colorectal cancer. However, the incidence of colorectal adenoma in patients with gastric adenoma has not been discussed earlier. The aims of this study were to investigate the incidence ... | The risk of colorectal adenoma increases significantly in patients with gastric adenoma. We suggest that colonoscopic surveillance may be necessary in patients with gastric adenoma. | yes |
19,862,601 | Does intolerance to initial orthostasis relate to systolic BP changes in elders? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the association of early symptoms of orthostatic intolerance (OI) with systolic (SBP), diastolic (DBP) and mean arterial (MAP) blood pressure changes in a sample of community-dwelling older people undergoing an active stand test; and to establish whether SBP and DBP changes have differ... | Our study suggests that orthostatic SBP changes may be more important than DBP changes as determinants of early OI during active stand. The crucial importance of the quick recovery of SBP in order to avoid OI is biologically plausible and is discussed in the context of initial OH pathophysiology. | yes |
19,861,697 | Is chondrocyte viability higher after prolonged storage at 37 degrees C than at 4 degrees C for osteochondral grafts? | {
"contexts": [
"Osteochondral allografts are currently stored at 4 degrees C for 2 to 6 weeks before implantation. At 4 degrees C, chondrocyte viability, especially in the superficial zone, deteriorates starting at 2 weeks. Alternative storage conditions could maintain chondrocyte viability beyond 2 weeks, and t... | The 37 degrees C storage of osteochondral grafts supports long-term chondrocyte viability, especially at the vulnerable surface and superficial zone of cartilage. | yes |
19,837,679 | Is visceral fat area an independent predictive biomarker of outcome after first-line bevacizumab-based treatment in metastatic colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Adipose tissue releases angiogenic factors that may promote tumour growth.",
"To determine whether body mass index (BMI), subcutaneous fat area (SFA) and visceral fat area (VFA) are associated with outcomes in patients given first-line bevacizumab-based treatment for metastatic colorectal can... | This study provides the first evidence that high VFA independently predicts a poorer outcome in patients given first-line bevacizumab-based treatment for MCC. However, this predictive biomarker needs to be validated in a different dataset. | yes |
19,843,924 | Is right-to-left ventricular diastolic delay in chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension associated with activation delay and action potential prolongation in right ventricle? | {
"contexts": [
"Delayed left ventricle (LV)-to-right ventricle (RV) peak shortening results in cardiac output reduction in patients with chronic thromboembolic hypertension (CTEPH) and other types of pulmonary arterial hypertension. Why the synchrony between LV and RV is lost is unknown. We hypothesized that RV ... | Additive effects of electrophysiological changes in RV, notably, conduction slowing and action potential prolongation, assessed by epicardial activation-recovery interval, contribute to diastolic interventricular delay in patients with CTEPH. | yes |
19,843,927 | Does left ventricular endocardial pacing improve resynchronization therapy in canine left bundle-branch hearts? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the benefits of the more physiological activation achieved by left ventricular (LV) endocardial pacing (ENDO) as compared with conventional epicardial (EPI) LV pacing in cardiac resynchronization therapy.",
"In 8 anesthetized dogs with experimental left bundle-branch block, pa... | Data from this acute animal study indicate that the use of an endocardial LV pacing electrode may increase the efficacy of resynchronization therapy as compared with conventional epicardial resynchronization therapy. | yes |
19,857,788 | Does membrane-dependent bystander effect contribute to amplification of the response to alpha-particle irradiation in targeted and nontargeted cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Free radicals are believed to play an active role in the bystander response. This study investigated their origin as well as their temporal and spatial impacts in the bystander effect.",
"We employed a precise alpha-particle microbeam to target a small fraction of subconfluent osteoblastic ce... | A complex interaction of direct irradiation and bystander signals leads to a membrane-dependent amplification of cell responses that could influence therapeutic outcomes in tissues exposed to low doses or to environmental exposure. | yes |
19,845,851 | Do rapamycin and CCI-779 inhibit the mammalian target of rapamycin signalling in hepatocellular carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), which phosphorylates p70S6K and 4EBP1 and activates the protein translation process, is upregulated in cancers and its activation may be involved in cancer development.",
"In this study, we investigated the tumour-suppressive effects of rapamycin and ... | Our findings indicate that rapamycin and its clinical analogue CCI-779 possess tumour-suppressive functions towards HCC cells. | yes |
19,853,352 | Are cold saline infusion and ice packs alone effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia after cardiac arrest? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypothermia treatment with cold intravenous infusion and ice packs after cardiac arrest has been described and used in clinical practice. We hypothesised that with this method a target temperature of 32-34 degrees C could be achieved and maintained during treatment and that rewarming could be con... | Intravenous cold saline infusion combined with ice packs is effective in inducing and maintaining therapeutic hypothermia, with good temperature control even during rewarming. | yes |
19,842,982 | Is meta-analysis : increased mortality associated with hepatitis C in HIV-infected persons unrelated to HIV disease progression? | {
"contexts": [
"It is unclear whether coinfection with hepatitis C virus (HCV) increases mortality in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection during the era of highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). With use of a meta-analysis, we estimated the effect of HCV infection on HIV disease pro... | HCV coinfection did not increase mortality among patients with HIV infection before the introduction of HAART. In contrast, in the HAART era, HCV coinfection, compared with HIV infection alone, increases the risk of mortality, but not the risk of AIDS-defining events. Future studies should determine whether successful ... | yes |
19,837,768 | Does 18F-FMT uptake seen within primary cancer on PET help predict outcome of non-small cell lung cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"L-[3-(18)F]-alpha-methyl tyrosine ((18)F-FMT) is an amino-acid tracer for PET imaging. We evaluated the prognostic significance of (18)F-FMT PET in patients with non-small cell lung cancer.",
"Ninety-eight patients (80 men and 18 women; age range, 42-82 y; median age, 69 y) with stage I-IV no... | Uptake of (18)F-FMT in primary tumors was an independent prognostic factor in patients with pulmonary adenocarcinoma. | yes |
19,837,760 | Does 18F-FDG small-animal PET/CT differentiate trastuzumab-responsive from unresponsive human breast cancer xenografts in athymic mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Breast cancers (BCs) with high human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER2) expression are most likely to respond to trastuzumab; however, the mechanisms of action of trastuzumab are complex and there are no established biomarkers to accurately monitor treatment outcome in individual pati... | Changes in the tumor uptake of (18)F-FDG after therapy accurately identified responding and nonresponding human BC xenografts in athymic mice treated with trastuzumab; however, diminished glucose utilization did not precede changes in tumor volume. | yes |
19,854,496 | Does liver X receptor agonist inhibit proliferation of ovarian carcinoma cells stimulated by oxidized low density lipoprotein? | {
"contexts": [
"We previously observed an association between ovarian cancer outcome and statin use and hypothesized lipoproteins have direct effects on ovarian cancer proliferation. Here we investigate the direct effects of low density lipoprotein (LDL) and oxidized LDL (oxLDL) on proliferation and the inhibito... | OxLDL reduced ovarian carcinoma cell chemosensitivity and stimulated proliferation. These effects were reversed by LXR agonist or fluvastatin. The LXR agonist also inhibited expression of the ovarian cancer mitogen CT-1. These observations suggest a biologic mechanism for our clinical finding that ovarian cancer surviv... | yes |
19,843,665 | Does crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts induce resistance of lung cancer to epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors? | {
"contexts": [
"Lung cancers with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-activating mutations show good clinical response to gefitinib and erlotinib, selective tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) to EGFR, but these tumors invariably develop drug resistance. Host stromal cells have been found to have a considerable... | These findings indicate that crosstalk to stromal fibroblasts plays a critical role in lung cancer resistance to EGFR-TKIs and may be an ideal therapeutic target in lung cancer with EGFR-activating mutations. | yes |
19,841,297 | Is n-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide a major predictor of the development of atrial fibrillation : the Cardiovascular Health Study? | {
"contexts": [
"Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common cardiac rhythm abnormality, is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures. Elevated B-type natriuretic peptide levels have been associated with the risk of heart failure, AF, and mortality.",
"The relation between N-... | In a community-based population of older adults, NT-proBNP was a remarkable predictor of incident AF, independent of any other previously described risk factor. | yes |
19,841,591 | Are echo/Doppler-derived time intervals able to predict left ventricular reverse remodeling after cardiac resynchronization therapy? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated the predictive value of echo/Doppler derived indices, which reflect the duration of the isovolumic phases of the cardiac cycle, in identifying cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) responders.",
"In 105 patients before and 6 months after CRT the following echo/Doppler parameter... | Echo/Doppler derived indices, describing physiologic abnormalities of the isovolumic contraction and relaxation phase, are able to predict CRT-induced reverse remodeling. | yes |
19,861,363 | Does activation of central opioid receptors induce cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Small doses of intrathecal morphine provide cardioprotection similar to that conferred by IV morphine and ischemic preconditioning (IPC). We investigated the relative role of central versus peripheral opioid receptors in intrathecal morphine preconditioning (ITMPC).",
"Forty-eight anesthetize... | Intrathecally administered morphine can produce cardioprotective effects via the activation of central opioid receptors, without the apparent involvement of peripheral opioid receptors. | yes |
19,837,494 | Does extent of corpectomy determine primary stability following isolated anterior reconstruction in a thoracolumbar fracture model? | {
"contexts": [
"Based on the development of minimal-invasive techniques and introduction of new implants enabling secure reconstruction an increasing number of patients are treated by isolated anterior column surgery. Most biomechanical studies dealing with thoracolumbar fracture models use worst-case scenarios ... | Isolated anterior reconstructions of the thoracolumbar spine revealed sufficient stiffness in the partial vertebral corpus defect. In contrast, total corpectomy did not show an adequate stiffness. Especially in regard to rotational stiffness additional posterior fixation has to be recommended. | yes |
19,850,559 | Is pregnancy-associated plasma protein-A an independent short-time predictor of mortality in patients on maintenance haemodialysis? | {
"contexts": [
"Mortality of maintenance haemodialysis (HD) patients is very high due to polymorbidity, mostly from metabolic and cardiovascular disease. In order to identify patients with high risk for life-threatening complications, reliable prognostic markers would be helpful. Pregnancy-associated plasma prot... | PAPP-A is a novel and independent short-time predictor of mortality in a maintenance HD population. The pathogenetic relevance of PAPP-A, particularly in the development of cardiovascular disease, remains to be further elucidated. | yes |
19,863,820 | Does staphylococcus aureus biofilm formation at the physiologic glucose concentration depend on the S. aureus lineage? | {
"contexts": [
"Since bacteria embedded in biofilms are far more difficult to eradicate than planktonic infections, it would be useful to know whether certain Staphylococcus aureus lineages are especially involved in strong biofilm formation. For this reason, in vitro biofilm formation of 228 clinical S. aureus ... | The adherence to polystyrene surfaces under physiologic glucose concentration (0.1%) was dependent on the clonal lineage. Strains associated with MLST CC8 were markedly more often classified as strong biofilm former at glucose concentrations of 0%, 0.1% and 0.25%. The present study reveals that the MLST CC8 associated ... | yes |
19,850,398 | Are t cells in sputum of asthmatic patients activated independently of disease severity or control? | {
"contexts": [
"T cells play an important role in bronchial asthma. Although airway CD4+ T cells have been extensively studied previously, there are hardly any studies relating CD8+ T cell activation and disease symptoms.",
"The aim of this study was to analyse the association between T cell activation in in... | Both CD4+ and CD8+ T cells are activated in the lungs and peripheral blood of asthmatic patients. However, with the possible exception of CD69+ CD8+ T lymphocytes in the sputum, there is no association between T cell activation phenotype in the target organ and disease severity or control. | yes |
19,843,336 | Does characterization of global microRNA expression reveal oncogenic potential of miR-145 in metastatic colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"MicroRNAs (MiRNAs) are short non-coding RNAs that control protein expression through various mechanisms. Their altered expression has been shown to be associated with various cancers. The aim of this study was to profile miRNA expression in colorectal cancer (CRC) and to analyze the function of s... | MiRNAs showing altered expression at different stages of CRC could be targets for CRC therapies and be further developed as potential diagnostic and prognostic analytes. The identified biological processes and signalling pathways collectively targeted by co-expressed miRNAs in CRC provide a basis for understanding the ... | yes |
19,843,795 | Does isoflurane preconditioning ameliorate endotoxin-induced acute lung injury and mortality in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of isoflurane pretreatment on pulmonary proinflammatory cytokines and survival in severe endotoxin-induced acute lung injury (ALI) have not been studied systemically. We investigated the effect of preadministration of isoflurane on ALI induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in rats.",
... | Isoflurane preconditioning can attenuate pulmonary proinflammatory cytokine release and decrease the mortality induced by severe sepsis. Early protection seems to be mediated partly through inhibition of iNOS-NO pathway activation. | yes |
19,850,215 | Is high central pulse pressure independently associated with adverse cardiovascular outcome the strong heart study? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to facilitate clinical use of central pulse pressure (PP). We sought to determine a value that might predict adverse outcome and thereby provide a target for assessment of intervention strategies.",
"We previously documented that central PP more strongly relates to car... | Central PP > or =50 mm Hg predicts adverse CVD outcome and may serve as a target in intervention strategies if confirmed in other populations and in prospective studies. | yes |
19,846,928 | Does pTP4A3 expression increase strongly in lymph node metastases from colorectal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Numerous studies have proven that protein tyrosine phosphatase type IV A member 3 (PTP4A3) plays a significant role in local lymph node metastasis from colorectal carcinoma. The aim of the current study was to assess PTP4A3 expression in colorectal carcinomas and lymph nodes in correlation with c... | The role of the PTP4A3 has not yet been fully elucidated. Our finding indicate PTP4A3 is strongly expressed in colorectal carcinoma metastases of the lymph nodes although the significance of this is unclear. | yes |
19,846,920 | Is expression of M-CSF and CSF-1R correlated with histological grade in soft tissue tumors? | {
"contexts": [
"Macrophage colony stimulating factor (M-CSF) binds to colony-stimulating factor-1 receptor (CSF-1R) and thereby stimulates the proliferation, differentiation and behaviour of monocytes, macrophages and their bone marrow progenitors. Previous studies have suggested that high expression of these ma... | The expression of M-CSF and CSF-1R in tumor cell areas and adjacent stromal areas correlate with the histological grade of soft tissue tumors. | yes |
19,853,839 | Is the ANKK1 gene associated with addictions expressed in astroglial cells and upregulated by apomorphine? | {
"contexts": [
"TaqIA, the most widely analyzed genetic polymorphism in addictions, has traditionally been considered a gene marker for association with D2 dopamine receptor gene (DRD2). TaqIA is located in the coding region of the ANKK1 gene that overlaps DRD2 and encodes a predicted kinase ANKK1. The ANKK1 pro... | Spatial and temporal regulation of the expression of ANKK1 suggest an involvement of astroglial cells in TaqIA-related neuropsychiatric phenotypes both during development and adult life. | yes |
19,860,789 | Is major mite allergen Der f 1 concentration reduced in buildings with improved energy performance? | {
"contexts": [
"Environmental conditions play a crucial role in mite growth, and optimal environmental control is key in the prevention of airway inflammation in chronic allergic rhinoconjunctivitis or asthma.",
"To evaluate the relationship between building energy performance and indoor mite allergen concen... | Major mite allergen Der f 1 preferentially accumulates in buildings not specifically designed for low energy use, reaching levels at risk for sensitization. We hypothesize that controlled mechanical ventilation present in all audited LEB may favour lower air humidity and hence lower mite growth and allergen concentrati... | yes |
19,852,861 | Does gAP-43 expression correlate with spinal motoneuron regeneration following root avulsion? | {
"contexts": [
"The growth-associated protein GAP-43 plays a crucial role in axonal regeneration in injured neurons.",
"We have used immunohistochemistry to investigate the expression of GAP-43 in spinal motoneurons during nerve reconstruction following root avulsion in the neonatal and adult rats.",
"Fo... | Close association of GAP-43 expression and capacity of regeneration in reimplanted spinal nerve of avulsed motoneurons suggests that GAP-43 is a potential therapeutic target for treatment of root avulsion of brachial plexus. | yes |
19,838,669 | Is secondary decline of cerebral autoregulation associated with worse outcome after intracerebral hemorrhage? | {
"contexts": [
"Blood pressure management in acute intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) relies on functioning cerebral autoregulation. The time course of autoregulation in acute ICH and its relation with clinical outcome are not known.",
"Twenty-six patients with spontaneous ICH were studied on days 1, 3 and 5 aft... | Cerebral autoregulation is primarily preserved in acute ICH, but a secondary decline mainly ipsilateral to the ICH can occur. This is associated with poor clinical status, ventricular hemorrhage, lower cerebral perfusion pressure and worse clinical outcome. | yes |
19,846,407 | Does repair of erosions occur almost exclusively in damaged joints without swelling? | {
"contexts": [
"Negative radiographic change scores obtained under blinded time-sequence conditions suggest that repair of joints may indeed occur. It is likely that, if repair truly exists, it would be preferentially seen in clinically inactive joints from patients treated with drugs with well-known structural ... | Repair of erosions almost exclusively occurs in joints with improvement or absence of swelling, in patients treated with etanercept. Progression is seen more frequently in joints with persistent swelling, in patients receiving methotrexate monotherapy, primarily if damage is already present. | yes |
19,846,409 | Does the lymphatic system control intestinal inflammation and inflammation-associated Colon Cancer through the chemokine decoy receptor D6? | {
"contexts": [
"Inflammatory CC chemokines have long been associated with cancer, but unequivocal evidence of a role in clinically relevant models of carcinogenesis is lacking. D6, a promiscuous decoy receptor that scavenges inflammatory CC chemokines, plays a non-redundant role in reducing the inflammatory resp... | D6 expressed on lymphatic vessels plays a key role in the control of intestinal inflammation and the development of inflammation-associated colon cancer. Our results reveal a new unexpected role for the lymphatic system in the pathogenesis of IBD and intestinal cancer, and candidate chemokines as novel players in tumou... | yes |
19,862,816 | Is extent of disease burden determined with magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow predictive of survival outcome in patients with multiple myeloma? | {
"contexts": [
"Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer. Treatment often is initiated at the time patients experience a progressive increase in tumor burden. The authors of this report investigated magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow (BM-MRI) as a novel approach to quantify disease burden and... | BM-MRI is a novel approach for quantifying disease burden in patients with MM. The current investigation in a large cohort of nontransplantion MM patients demonstrated that the extent of bone marrow involvement determined by BM-MRI correlates accurately with other conventional parameters of disease burden and can indep... | yes |
19,857,248 | Does superinfection occur in Anaplasma phagocytophilum infected sheep irrespective of infection phase and protection status? | {
"contexts": [
"Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in domestic ruminants is widespread in the coastal areas of southern Norway. The bacteria may persist in mammalian hosts. Several genetic variants of A. phagocytophilum exist. In the present study, we investigate whether superinfection occurs in the acute and p... | The present experiment indicates that superinfection of different genotypes occurs during the acute as well as the persistent phase of an A. phagocytophilum infection, even in lambs protected against the challenged infection. | yes |
19,852,002 | Is apathy a prominent neuropsychiatric feature of radiological white-matter changes in patients with dementia? | {
"contexts": [
"Cerebral white-matter changes (WMCs) are frequently found in dementia and have been proposed to be related to vascular factors and a certain symptomatological profile. However, few studies have included both vascular factors and a broad spectrum of cognitive, neurological and psychiatric symptoms... | The findings indicate that WMCs in patients with dementia are associated with a dysexecutive-related behavioural symptom profile, vascular factors related to small and large vessel diseases and age. | yes |
19,853,754 | Does lack of insurance negatively affect trauma mortality in US children? | {
"contexts": [
"Uninsured children face health-related disparities in screening, treatment, and outcomes. To ensure payer status would not influence the decision to provide emergency care, the Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) was passed in 1986, which states patients cannot be refused tr... | These results demonstrate that uninsured and publicly insured American children and adolescents have higher mortality after sustaining trauma while accounting for a priori confounders. Possible mechanisms for this disparity include treatment delay, receipt of fewer diagnostic tests, and decreased health literacy, among... | yes |
19,865,620 | Do the role of titanium implant surface modification with hydroxyapatite nanoparticles in progressive early bone-implant fixation in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"This study evaluated the biologic effect in vivo of hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticle surface modification on commercially pure titanium or titanium alloy (Ti-6Al-4V) implants.",
"Miniature cylindric titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants were pretreated with dual acid etching (DAE), and a subset was... | DCD-derived surface modification with HA nanoparticles on titanium and Ti-6Al-4V implants resulted in progressive osseointegration profiles that were distinctively different from those of DAE controls. Surrogate measurements such as surface roughness parameters and BIC did not predict the biologic effect of the DCD tre... | yes |
19,860,804 | Do galanin knockout mice show disturbances in ethanol consumption and expression of hypothalamic peptides that stimulate ethanol intake? | {
"contexts": [
"There is growing evidence suggesting that hypothalamic galanin (GAL), which is known to stimulate intake of a fat-rich diet, has a role in promoting the consumption of ethanol. The present study further examined this possibility in GAL knockout (GALKO) mice.",
"Two groups of female and male G... | These results provide strong support for a physiological role of PVN GAL in stimulating the consumption of ethanol, as well as a fat-rich diet. Ablation of the GAL gene produced a behavioral phenotype, particularly in females, which may reflect the functional relationship of galanin to ovarian steroids. It also altered... | yes |
19,860,801 | Does maternal alcohol use during pregnancy cause systemic oxidation of the glutathione redox system? | {
"contexts": [
"Increased systemic oxidant stress contributes to a variety of maternal complications of pregnancy. Although the antioxidant glutathione (GSH) and its oxidized component glutathione disulfide (GSSG) have been demonstrated to be significantly altered in the adult alcoholic, the effects of maternal ... | Alcohol use during pregnancy, particularly at levels >3 drinks/occasion, caused significant oxidation of the systemic GSH system in the postpartum women. The clinical ramifications of the observed alcohol-induced oxidation of the GSH redox system on high risk pregnancies or on the exposed offspring require more accurat... | yes |
19,835,584 | Is malaria associated with poor school performance in an endemic area of the Brazilian Amazon? | {
"contexts": [
"Approximately 40% of the world's population is at risk for malaria. In highly endemic tropical areas, malaria is a major cause of morbidity and mortality during infancy. There is a complex interrelationship between malaria, malnutrition and intestinal helminths, and this may impair cognitive deve... | Non-severe malaria compromises the school performance of children even during a nine-month follow-up, potentially contributing to the maintenance of underdevelopment in countries endemic for malaria. This is the first evidence of such impact in Latin America, where P. vivax is responsible for the majority of the cases. | yes |
19,857,662 | Is pretransplantation cellular alloreactivity predictive of acute graft rejection and 1-year graft function in kidney transplant recipients? | {
"contexts": [
"To study cellular alloimmunity in kidney allograft recipients using an interferon-gamma enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot assay (ELISPOT).",
"Donor splenocyte peripheral blood mononuclear cells were obtained during kidney recovery in 53 kidney recipients including 11 with positive panel-reacti... | The ELISPOT-determined capacity of donor-induced reactivity observed in recipient cells obtained just before transplantation is predictive of risk of graft rejection and 1-year allograft function. | yes |
19,857,661 | Does 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency predict poorer outcome after renal transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D status and the effect of vitamin concentration on transplantation outcome in renal allograft recipients.",
"Ninety patients underwent renal transplantation between 2002 and 2005. All received alfacalcidol supplementation before surgery. 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin ... | 1,25-Dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent in renal allograft recipients. Patients with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D deficiency are at greater risk of delayed graft function, and the graft is more likely to be lost. These findings suggest the necessity of adequate vitamin D supplementation both before and after ... | yes |
19,850,947 | Does targeted injury of type II alveolar epithelial cells induce pulmonary fibrosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Ineffective repair of a damaged alveolar epithelium has been postulated to cause pulmonary fibrosis. In support of this theory, epithelial cell abnormalities, including hyperplasia, apoptosis, and persistent denudation of the alveolar basement membrane, are found in the lungs of humans with idiop... | The development of lung fibrosis in the setting of type II cell injury in our model provides evidence for a causal link between the epithelial defects seen in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and the corresponding areas of scarring. | yes |
19,850,944 | Is beta2-Adrenergic receptor gene polymorphism associated with mortality in septic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"The CysGlyGln haplotype of the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor gene (ADRB2) is functional and associated with altered responses to adrenergic agonists in patients with asthma. Whether this functional haplotype alters outcome in patients receiving adrenergic agonists in septic shock is unknown.",
... | The AA genotype of ADRB2 rs1042717, identifying homozygotes for the CysGlyGln haplotype, was associated with increased mortality and more organ dysfunction in septic shock. | yes |
19,841,744 | Does comprehensive gene and microRNA expression profiling reveal a role for microRNAs in human liver development? | {
"contexts": [
"microRNAs (miRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that regulate cognate mRNAs post-transcriptionally. miRNAs have been implicated in regulating gene expression in embryonic developmental processes, including proliferation and differentiation. The liver is a multifunctional organ, which undergoes rapid ... | Our results uncover multiple regulated miRNAs and genes throughout human liver development, and our algorithm assists in identification of novel miRNA targets with potential roles in liver development. | yes |
19,838,130 | Is short-term administration of the CCR5 antagonist vicriviroc to patients with HIV and HCV coinfection safe and tolerable? | {
"contexts": [
"CCR5 antagonists block HIV cell entry through competitive binding to the CCR5 receptor present on the surface of CD4(+) cells. The CCR5 receptor is also present on CD8(+) cells involved in clearing hepatitis C virus (HCV). The goal of the present study was to examine the short-term safety of a CC... | Short-term treatment with vicriviroc as part of a ritonavir-containing protease inhibitor-based regimen was safe and well tolerated in HIV/HCV-coinfected subjects. HIV/HCV coinfection also did not affect vicriviroc pharmacokinetics. | yes |
19,853,323 | Does [ Changes in the incidence of fall in an intermediate and long-term care center ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The characteristics of falls in older patients admitted to an institution in 2 different periods.",
"We performed a prospective study of falls among inpatients admitted to an intermediate and long-term care center. Age, sex, Barthel index, main diagnoses, medication at the time of the fall, p... | a) the incidence of falls increased in the second period of the study; b) in period A, risk factors for falls related to rehabilitation (moving from bed to chair, use of walking aids) were more frequent. In period B, risk factors related to the characteristics of psychogeriatric patients were predominant (neurological ... | yes |
19,858,980 | Do surgeons and their patients disagree regarding cosmetic and overall outcomes after surgery for high-energy lower extremity trauma? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether surgeons' and patients' perceptions of outcomes after high-energy lower-extremity trauma are similar and to identify factors associated with disagreement.",
"Prospective study.",
"Eight level 1 trauma centers.",
"Four hundred sixty-three patients treated for limb-... | Surgeons' perceptions of patients' cosmetic and overall outcomes differed significantly from those of patients. Agreement was significantly worse for certain subgroups of patients. Further study of this discordance might improve our understanding of patient dissatisfaction and allow development of a more patient-center... | yes |
19,853,519 | Does predictability of painful stimulation modulate subjective and physiological responses? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical observations suggest that the perceived intensity of a painful event increases as the unpredictability of its occurrence increases. We examined the effect of varying stimulus predictability on the Somatosensory Evoked Potential (SEP), Pupil Diameter Response (PDR), Pain Report (PR), and ... | Patients undergoing painful procedures experience more distress when the occurrence of a painful event is unpredictable. Poor predictability increases pain, fear, and associated physiological arousal. Maximizing the predictability of painful events may improve the quality of patient care by minimizing associated levels... | yes |
19,855,955 | Is elevated PAI-1 associated with poor clinical outcomes in pediatric patients with acute lung injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Deposition of fibrin in the alveolar space is a hallmark of acute lung injury (ALI). Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) is an antifibrinolytic agent that is activated during inflammation. Increased plasma and pulmonary edema fluid levels of PAI-1 are associated with increased mortality in ... | Higher PAI-1 levels are associated with increased mortality and fewer ventilator-free days among pediatric patients with ALI. These findings suggest that impaired fibrinolysis may play a role in the pathogenesis of ALI in pediatric patients and suggest that PAI-1 may serve as a useful biomarker of prognosis in patients... | yes |
19,856,632 | Is measurement of gait speed of older adults feasible and informative in a home-care setting? | {
"contexts": [
"Although gait speed is widely recommended as a measure of activity limitation, it is not routinely used clinically with older adults. This retrospective study was undertaken to determine whether the measurement of gait speed is feasible and informative in a home care setting.",
"The therapy r... | Measurement of the gait speed of older adults is feasible in a home care setting. Its sensitivity to limitations not revealed by other measures provides support for broader use. | yes |
19,866,507 | Does cardiac function index provided by transpulmonary thermodilution behave as an indicator of left ventricular systolic function? | {
"contexts": [
"To test whether cardiac function index could actually behave as an indicator of left ventricular systolic function by testing if 1) it increased with inotropic stimulation; 2) it was not altered by fluid loading; 3) it correlated with the echographic left ventricular ejection fraction, considered... | Cardiac function index fulfilled the criteria required from a clinical indicator of left ventricular global systolic function. Thus, it could serve as an easy bedside detection of the alteration in left ventricular ejection fraction that should alert the physician and incite to perform an echocardiography. Furthermore,... | yes |
19,863,648 | Do diffusion-weighted imaging findings differ between stroke attributable to spontaneous cervical artery dissection and patent foramen ovale? | {
"contexts": [
"Spontaneous cervical arterial dissection and patent foramen ovale (PFO) are important causes of stroke in younger patients. We tested whether characteristics of cerebral ischaemia visible on diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) aid in differentiating between these two aetiologies.",
"Diffusion-we... | Diffusion-weighted imaging characteristics differ between PFO and dissection, suggesting differences in the pathogenesis of brain infarction between these aetiologies. A single non-territorial infarct seems to favour PFO as stroke aetiology. Whether this or other features are distinctive enough to diagnose PFO or disse... | yes |
19,837,545 | Is aggressive lipid-lowering more effective than moderate lipid-lowering treatment in carotid plaque stabilization? | {
"contexts": [
"Atherosclerotic plaque stabilization is a promising strategy to prevent cerebrovascular events in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. Vascular calcification inhibitors, known osteopontin (OPN) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), have emerged as novel cardiovascular biomarkers. This open-label, prospect... | Among patients with moderate carotid stenosis, an aggressive atorvastatin regimen enhanced carotid plaque echogenicity and reduced serum OPN and OPG levels to a greater extent than respective moderate atorvastatin therapy. Most importantly, those atorvastatin-induced effects were associated with OPN and OPG suppression... | yes |
19,848,443 | Does prevalence and correlate of high body mass index in rural Appalachian children aged 6-11 years? | {
"contexts": [
"In rural regions of the United States of America, estimates of pediatric obesity often exceed national averages. This problem may be particularly pronounced in Appalachian regions, where significant health and economic disparities abound. This study presents the findings of a body mass index (BMI... | Consistent with expectations, prevalence of high BMI in this sample of rural Appalachian children exceeds national averages. Prevalence of overweight varied by age and sex; boys are particularly vulnerable to developing obesity, especially as they age. Preliminary survey data suggest that eating breakfast at home and a... | yes |
19,858,320 | Are serum markers of bone turnover increased at six and 18 months after Roux-en-Y bariatric surgery : correlation with the reduction in leptin? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to examine serum markers of bone turnover at 6 and 18 months after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass surgery.",
"Ten women and 10 men [body mass index (BMI), 50.2 +/- 8.4 kg/m(2)] were studied at 6 months; 10 women and nine men (BMI, 47.2 +/- 6.6 kg/m(2)) were studied at 18 mo... | Weight loss after bariatric surgery is associated with long-term increase in serum markers of bone turnover. The increase in NTX is related to the decrease in leptin, which may signal caloric restriction to the skeleton. | yes |
19,840,952 | Does fractalkine have anti-apoptotic and proliferative effects on human vascular smooth muscle cells via epidermal growth factor receptor signalling? | {
"contexts": [
"Fractalkine (CX3CL1) is a membrane-bound chemokine that signals through the G protein-coupled receptor CX3CR1 that is implicated in the development of atherosclerosis. We have previously reported that CX3CR1 is expressed by primary human coronary artery smooth muscle cells (CASMC), where it media... | We have demonstrated two novel and important functions of CX3CL1 on primary human SMCs: anti-apoptosis and proliferation, both mediated via epiregulin-induced EGFR signalling. Our data have important implications in vascular pathologies including atherosclerosis, restenosis, and transplant accelerated arteriosclerosis,... | yes |
19,839,737 | Is sLP-2 overexpression associated with tumour distant metastasis and poor prognosis in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the role of stomatin-like protein 2 (SLP-2), a novel cancer-related gene, in pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma (PSCC) and its implications.",
"Immunohistochemical detection of SLP-2 was performed on 96 cases of PSCC with a tissue microarray.",
"SLP-2 was overexpressed in lu... | SLP-2 overexpression is associated with tumour distant metastasis and poor prognosis in PSCC. SLP-2 could be regarded as a new significant prognostic biomarker for patients with PSCC. | yes |
19,855,873 | Do a bio-medical informatics perspective on human factors understanding human factors influence in HIT-enabled institutions? | {
"contexts": [
"To summarize current excellent research in the field of bio-medical informatics human factors.",
"We provide a synopsis of the articles selected for the IMIA yearbook 2009, from which we attempt to derive a synthetic overview of the activity and new trends in the field. A special attention wa... | Convincing the clinicians of the HIT potential gains is still a challenge. But the HIT community will also have to give birth to interdisciplinary research and clear methods to optimize implementations and subsequent achievement of managerial objectives. The best paper selection of articles on human factors shows examp... | yes |
19,856,417 | Does shorter difference between myocardium and blood optimal inversion time suggest diffuse fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy? | {
"contexts": [
"To find evidence of diffuse fibrosis in dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM) patients by comparing measurements on clinical late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) studies between DCM and healthy subjects.",
"LGE-CMR and the Look-Locker images from 20 DCM patients an... | DCM patients have reduced blood-myocardium DeltaTI and DeltaT(1), and lower CNR as compared to controls, suggesting the presence of diffuse fibrosis. This may impact the interpretation of LGE data. | yes |
19,861,261 | Does [ Small interfering RNA-mediated islet neogenesis associated protein gene silencing inhibit the proliferation of INS-1 islet cells ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effect of small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated islet neogenesis associated protein (INGAP) gene silencing on the proliferation of islet cells.",
"Different siRNAs targeting INGAP gene were designed and transfected into INS-1 islet cells, and the expression levels of INGAP... | siRNA targeting INGAP can effectively down-regulate INGAP expression and inhibit the proliferation of INS-1 cells. | yes |
19,845,749 | Are growth hormone and ghrelin secretion associated with clinical severity in Huntington 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Huntington's disease (HD) is a fatal hereditary neurodegenerative disorder caused by an increased CAG repeat size in the huntingtin gene. Apart from neurological impairment, the disease is also accompanied by progressive weight loss, abnormalities in glucose homeostasis and a higher prevalence of... | These findings suggest changes in the regulation of GH and ghrelin secretion dynamics in early stage HD patients that could become more prominent in the later stages of the disease. | yes |
19,841,584 | Does new approach for quantitating the inhibition of HIV-1 replication by antiviral drugs in vitro and in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"With highly active antiretroviral therapy, HIV-1 infection has become a manageable lifelong disease. Developing optimal treatment regimens requires understanding how to best measure anti-HIV activity in vitro and how drug dose-response curves generated in vitro correlate with in-vivo efficacy.",
... | Among in-vitro measures of antiviral activity, single-round infection assays have the advantage of measuring instantaneous inhibition by a drug. Re-evaluating the antiviral activity of approved HIV-1 drugs has shown that the slope parameter is an important factor in drug activity. Determining the instantaneous inhibito... | yes |
19,852,840 | Does internal sphincterotomy reduce postoperative pain after Milligan Morgan haemorrhoidectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Over the last few years, there has been increasing attention on surgical procedures to treat haemorrhoids. The Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy is still one of the most popular surgical treatments of haemorrhoids. The aim of the present work is to assess postoperative pain, together with other e... | internal sphincterotomy: reduces significantly pain only in the first postoperative period, but not in the medium-long term follow up; does not increase the incidence of continence impairment when performed; does not influence the incidence of the other postoperative complications especially as regard medium and long t... | yes |
19,839,850 | Does long-term online hemodiafiltration reduce the frequency and severity of acquired cystic kidney disease in hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Acquired cystic kidney disease (ACKD) is a frequent complication in chronic hemodialysis (HD) patients and a risk factor for renal cell carcinoma. Online hemodiafiltration (HDF) provides better clearance of middle molecular weight solutes, but its effect on ACKD has not been investigated.",
"... | Our results suggest that long-term online HDF does not reduce the frequency and severity of ACKD in dialysis patients. Duration of renal replacement therapy is the most important risk factor for ACKD. Factors that cannot be corrected by use of HDF may contribute to the formation of renal cysts. | no |
19,857,263 | Does transcriptome analysis of differentiating trypanosomes reveal the existence of multiple post-transcriptional regulons? | {
"contexts": [
"Trypanosome gene expression is regulated almost exclusively at the post-transcriptional level, with mRNA degradation playing a decisive role. When trypanosomes are transferred from the blood of a mammal to the midgut of a Tsetse fly, they transform to procyclic forms: gene expression is reprogram... | Trypanosome genes form post-transcriptional regulons in which mRNAs with functions in particular pathways, or encoding components of protein complexes, show almost identical patterns of regulation. | yes |
19,857,260 | Do tRPV6 alleles influence prostate cancer progression? | {
"contexts": [
"The transient receptor potential, subfamily V, member 6 (TRPV6) is a Ca(2+) selective cation channel. Several studies have shown that TRPV6 transcripts are expressed in locally advanced prostatic adenocarcinoma, metastatic and androgen-insensitive prostatic lesions but are undetectable in healthy... | Our results show that the frequencies of trpv6 alleles in healthy control individuals and prostate cancer patients are not significantly different. Although expression of trpv6 transcripts correlates with aggressive potential of prostate cancer, the TRPV6 genotype does not correlate with the onset of prostate cancer, w... | no |
19,852,569 | Does lateral episiotomy protect primiparous but not multiparous women from obstetric anal sphincter rupture? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify the risk factors for obstetric anal sphincter rupture (OASR).",
"Retrospective population-based register study.",
"A total of 514,741 women with singleton pregnancy and vaginal delivery between 1997 and 2007 in Finland.",
"Primiparous (n = 2,315) and multiparous women (n =... | The results support the restrictive use of episiotomy, since 909 episiotomies appear to be needed to prevent one OASR among primiparous women. Equivalent estimate in vacuum assisted deliveries among primiparous women was 66, favoring routine use of episiotomy in such cases. | yes |
19,859,077 | Does indirect lifestyle intervention through wives improve metabolic syndrome components in men? | {
"contexts": [
"It is well known that body weight loss through a direct (supervised) lifestyle intervention (LSI) improves obesity-related metabolic disorders. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of an indirect LSI on weight loss and metabolic syndrome (MetS) in spouses of LSI participants."... | Indirect LSI in abdominally obese men whose wives were undergoing LSI led to loss of weight and a decreased incidence of MetS, suggesting that indirect LSI may be an effective program for eliciting beneficial change in health status. | yes |
19,851,039 | Do chronic exposures to cholinesterase-inhibiting pesticides adversely affect respiratory health of agricultural workers in India? | {
"contexts": [
"The impact of long term exposure to cholinesterase (ChE)-inhibiting organophosphate (OP) and carbamate (C) pesticides on the respiratory health of agricultural workers in India was investigated.",
"Three hundred and seventy-six nonsmoking agricultural workers (median age 41 yr) from eastern I... | Long-term exposure to cholinesterase-inhibiting agricultural pesticides currently in use in India is associated with a reduction in lung function, COPD and a rise in respiratory symptoms. | yes |
19,861,015 | Do interferon-gamma release assay test characteristics depend upon the prevalence of active tuberculosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) may be negative in the absence of latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) or in the presence of active tuberculosis (TB). The same phenomenon likely holds for interferon-gamma release assays (IGRAs).",
"A mathematical model of LTBI test specificity was developed usin... | As a result of the markedly dissimilar health statuses associated with a negative LTBI test, IGRA specificity for LTBI and sensitivity to active TB depend upon TB and LTBI prevalence. A trade-off exists between the specificity of IGRAs to LTBI and sensitivity to active TB. Field studies of IGRAs will require standardiz... | yes |
19,861,012 | Does quantitative differences in sputum smear microscopy result for acid-fast bacilli by age and sex in four countries? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the influence of age and sex on the grading of tuberculosis (TB) sputum smear microscopy results.",
"Laboratories in Moldova, Mongolia, Uganda and Zimbabwe.",
"Data from nationally representative samples of laboratory registers were double-entered and validated, and discordance... | Differences in the frequency of low-grade positivity between the four countries were striking. Females tended to have lower bacillary counts, and low-grade positivity was more frequent at the extremes of age. These results reinforce the need for appropriate instructions on how to produce high-quality sputum to improve ... | yes |
19,843,787 | Does propofol inhibit aquaporin 4 expression through a protein kinase C-dependent pathway in an astrocyte model of cerebral ischemia/reoxygenation? | {
"contexts": [
"Aquaporin 4 (AQP4) plays a key role in maintaining water balance in the central nervous system, and its dysfunction may lead to brain edema. Previous studies have suggested that propofol may be involved in neuroprotection by preventing brain edema. In this study, we examined the effects of propof... | Propofol, administered during OGD, provided neuroprotective effects and down-regulated AQP4 expression in the OGD/reoxygenation model of cultured rat astrocytes. Activation of the PKC pathway may block the effects of propofol. | yes |
19,843,788 | Are isoflurane-induced changes in righting response and breathing modulated by RGS proteins? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent evidence suggests that G protein-coupled receptors, especially those linked to G(alpha)(i), contribute to the mechanisms of anesthetic action. Regulator of G protein signaling (RGS) proteins bind to activated G(alpha)(i) and inhibit signal transduction. Genomic knock-in mice with an RGS-in... | Modulation of G(alpha)(i2) signaling by RGS proteins alters loss and resumption of wakefulness and state-dependent changes in breathing. | yes |
19,843,789 | Do volatile anesthetics attenuate oxidative stress-reduced activity of glutamate transporter type 3? | {
"contexts": [
"Volatile anesthetics enhance the activity of glutamate transporter Type 3 (also called excitatory amino acid transporter Type 3, EAAT3), the major neuronal EAAT. In addition to glutamate, EAAT3 can also uptake L-cysteine, the rate-limiting substrate for the synthesis of glutathione. Our previous ... | Our results suggest that volatile anesthetics preserve EAAT3 function to transport L-glutamate and L-cysteine under oxidative stress, which may be a mechanism for the neuroprotective effects of volatile anesthetics. | yes |
19,844,204 | Is clostridium difficile associated with poor outcomes in patients with cirrhosis : A national and tertiary center perspective? | {
"contexts": [
"Clostridium difficile-associated disease (CDAD) is associated with antibiotic use, acid suppression, and hospitalization, all of which occur frequently in cirrhosis. The aim was to define the effect of CDAD on outcomes and identify risk factors for its development in cirrhosis.",
"Case-contro... | Cirrhotics with CDAD have a higher mortality, LOS, and charges on the NIS 2005 compared with those without CDAD. Antibiotic and PPI use are risk factors for CDAD development in hospitalized cirrhotics. | yes |
19,857,102 | Does calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 attenuate events prior to angiogenesis in cultured human retinal endothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is an important regulator of angiogenesis and microvascular permeability. VEGF-induced cytoskeletal reorganization plays a crucial role in angiogenesis. Cytoskeletal organization in endothelial cells is regulated by calpain proteases (EC 3.4.22.17). Calpa... | Inhibition of angiogenesis by specific calpain inhibitor in the presence of VEGF supported our hypothesis that calpains may be involved in VEGF-mediated angiogenesis in retinal endothelial cells. Therefore, manipulating calpain activity by calpain inhibitor SNJ-1945 might provide a promising therapy for management of p... | yes |
19,854,450 | Does ethanol preconditioning reduce hepatic I/R injury by inhibiting the complement system activation? | {
"contexts": [
"Ethanol preconditioning (EtOH-PC) refers to a phenomenon in which cerebral, intestinal, and myocardial tissues are protected from the deleterious effects of ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) by prior ingestion of ethanol at low to moderate levels. Whether EtOH-PC can offer protective effects against hep... | Ethanol preconditioning reduces hepatic I/R injury, and the effect is associated with inhibition of complement activation. | yes |
19,846,932 | Is cDK10 a target for aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Loss of cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) 10 expression may be an important mechanism of tamoxifen resistance and the 5' CpG island associated with the CDK10 gene has been suggested to be a target for aberrant methylation in breast cancer.",
"The methylation status of CDK10, RASSF1A (Ras associat... | CDK10 is not a target for aberrant DNA methylation in breast cancer. | no |
19,841,299 | Does iloprost prevent contrast-induced nephropathy in patients with renal dysfunction undergoing coronary angiography or intervention? | {
"contexts": [
"The prevention of contrast-induced nephropathy, which accounts for considerable morbidity and mortality, remains a vexing problem. Contrast-induced renal vasoconstriction is believed to play a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of contrast-induced nephropathy. The aim of this study was to examine t... | Prophylactic administration of iloprost may protect against contrast-induced nephropathy in high-risk patients undergoing a coronary procedure. | yes |
19,862,936 | Does cOX-2 inhibition attenuate cough reflex sensitivity to inhaled capsaicin in patients with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclooxygenase (COX) is an enzyme that converts arachidonic acid to prostanoids. There are two isoforms of COX, namely COX-1 and COX-2. COX-2 is highly inducible by several stimuli and is associated with inflammation. Recent studies have shown that COX-2 is upregulated in the airway epithelium of... | These findings indicate that COX-2 may be a possible modulator augmenting airway cough reflex sensitivity in asthmatic airways. | yes |
19,862,937 | Is the A-444C polymorphism in the leukotriene C4 synthase gene associated with aspirin-induced urticaria? | {
"contexts": [
"Cysteinyl leukotriene production seems to be dysregulated in patients with hypersensitivity to aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). However, the underlying pathogenic mechanisms of these reactions are poorly understood. Previous studies have suggested a role for the A-... | The C allele of the A-444C polymorphism is a risk factor for AIU in our population and could be a genetic marker for this phenotype. Furthermore, this single-nucleotide polymorphism is mainly associated with the cutaneous clinical pattern and with low skin response to histamine. | yes |
19,860,904 | Is hypothalamic FTO associated with the regulation of energy intake not feeding reward? | {
"contexts": [
"Polymorphism in the FTO gene is strongly associated with obesity, but little is known about the molecular bases of this relationship. We investigated whether hypothalamic FTO is involved in energy-dependent overconsumption of food. We determined FTO mRNA levels in rodent models of short- and long... | We conclude that FTO mRNA is present mainly in sites related to hunger/satiation control; changes in hypothalamic FTO expression are associated with cues related to energy intake rather than feeding reward. In line with that, neurons involved in feeding termination express FTO. Interestingly, baseline FTO expression ap... | yes |
19,843,115 | Is short disease-free interval a significant risk factor for intrapulmonary recurrence after resection of pulmonary metastases in colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Surgical resection has been the first choice of treatment for resectable pulmonary metastases from colorectal cancer. However, early intrapulmonary recurrence is often observed and appropriate assessment of prognostic factors is controversial. The aim of this study was to define the factors affec... | A short DFI was a risk factor for early tumour recurrence after resection for pulmonary metastases. The DFI might reflect oncological characteristics such as the tumour doubling time in colorectal cancer. | yes |
19,858,456 | Do cSF biomarkers predict rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"CSF biomarkers amyloid beta 1-42 (Abeta(42)), total tau (tau), and tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau-181) are useful diagnostic markers for Alzheimer disease (AD). Less is known about these biomarkers as predictors for further cognitive decline in patients with AD. We hypothesized that h... | At the time of diagnosis, a combination of high CSF tau without proportionally elevated p-tau-181 is associated with a faster rate of cognitive decline. | yes |
19,858,457 | Is diabetes associated with a slower rate of cognitive decline in Alzheimer disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous epidemiologic studies indicate that diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with cognitive decline and an increased risk of developing Alzheimer disease (AD) in people who do not have dementia. However, little is known about the effect of DM on the rate of cognitive decline in established A... | In a cohort of community-dwelling patients with Alzheimer disease (AD), the presence of diabetes mellitus (DM) was associated with a lower rate of cognitive decline. Future studies will need to address the potential impact of DM in the cerebral aging process and to assess the neuropathologic variations in patients with... | yes |
19,862,801 | Are both nongenomic and genomic effects involved in estradiol 's enhancing the phenotype of smooth muscle cells in cultured prostate stromal cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Stromal smooth muscle cells (SMCs) play an important role in the pathogenesis and clinical symptom of benign prostatic hyperplasia. We had reported that estrogen enhances the phenotype of SMC in cultured prostate stromal cells (PRSCs). Here we further investigate the mechanism by which estrogen a... | Estrogen could promote the expression of TGF-beta1 in PRSCs through nongenomic activation of MAPK pathway, and in turn enhance the SMC phenotype. Besides for this nongenomic effect, estrogen can also enhance the SMC phenotype through classical genomic action. | yes |
19,857,547 | Is coexpression of CD44 variant isoforms and receptor for hyaluronic acid-mediated motility ( RHAMM , CD168 ) an International Prognostic Index and C-MYC gene status-independent predictor of poor outcome in diffuse large B-cell lymphomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Expression of CD44 variant (v) isoforms substantiates poor prognosis in patients with hematological malignancies. We have previously shown that CD44v6 expression in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) correlates with advanced disease stage and is predominantly detected in non-germinal center B-... | Evaluation of CD44v-RHAMM coexpression may improve the accuracy of DLBCL prognosis and identify a subgroup of patients who will benefit from therapeutic alternatives to cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone. | yes |
19,846,737 | Does association of serum TSH with high body mass differ between smokers and never-smokers? | {
"contexts": [
"Recent studies have suggested that the association of low thyroid function with high body mass is restricted to nonsmokers.",
"The aim was to study the association of thyroid function with body mass separately for smokers and never-smokers.",
"We conducted a cross-sectional, population-ba... | The association of low thyroid function with high body mass was as least as strong in current smokers as in never-smokers, and our results clearly show that the association is not limited to nonsmokers, as previously suggested. | yes |
19,846,733 | Is serum insulin-like growth factor-I concentration associated with leukocyte telomere length in a population-based cohort of elderly men? | {
"contexts": [
"Both leukocyte telomere length and IGF-I are associated with the aging process. A previous in vitro study suggested that IGF-I may modulate telomerase activity in white blood cells, but little is known whether these two systems interact in vivo.",
"Leukocyte telomere length was determined usi... | In this large population-based, cross-sectional study, leukocyte telomere length was positively associated with serum IGF-I concentration in elderly men. The mechanisms underlying the association between serum IGF-I concentration and leukocyte telomere length remain to be determined. | yes |
19,865,632 | Do effects of implant design and surface roughness on crestal bone and soft tissue levels in the esthetic zone? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of implant geometry and collar macrostructure and microstructure on crestal bone height, mobility values, and attachment levels using two different types of radiographic analysis.",
"Subjects included in this study were those who had single-tooth implants restored in t... | Implants with straight collars had less bone loss at the 5-year interval than implants with stepped collars. Bone level changes were greater when the implant was placed further subcrestal. The digitally converted radiographic method was significantly more precise for evaluating changes in bone levels. These findings su... | yes |
19,848,587 | Does streptococcus suis enolase function as a protective antigen displayed on the bacterial cell surface? | {
"contexts": [
"Streptococcus suis serotype 2 (SS2) has evolved into a highly infectious entity, posing a great threat to public health. Screening for and identification of protective antigens plays an important role in developing therapies against SS2 infections.",
"Multiple strategies were used to investig... | We conclude that S. suis enolase functions as a protective antigen displayed on the bacterial cell surface and that it can be used to develop new strategies to combat SS2 infections. | yes |
19,863,778 | Is anti-proliferative action of vitamin D in MCF7 still active after siRNA-VDR knock-down? | {
"contexts": [
"The active form of Vitamin D, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25D), has strong anti-proliferative effects, yet the molecular mechanisms underneath this effect remain unclear. In contrast, the molecular mechanism of 1,25D for the regulation of calcium homeostasis has principally been resolved, demonst... | In conclusion, siRNA and genome wide studies both suggest that the anti-proliferative effects of 1,25D in MCF7 breast tumor cell lines do not rely on classical Vitamin D pathway per se. | yes |
19,835,595 | Does lactobacillus casei modulate the inflammation-coagulation interaction in a pneumococcal pneumonia experimental model? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously demonstrated that Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 administration improved the resistance to pneumococcal infection in a mouse model.",
"This study examined the effects of the oral administration of Lactobacillus casei CRL 431 (L. casei) on the activation of coagulation and fibr... | L. casei proved effective to regulate coagulation activation and fibrinolysis inhibition during infection, leading to a decrease in fibrin deposits in lung. This protective effect of L. casei would be mediated by the induction of higher levels of IL-4 and IL-10 which could regulate the anti-inflammatory, procoagulant a... | yes |
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