pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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19,850,154 | Are serious complications within 30 days of screening and surveillance colonoscopy uncommon? | {
"contexts": [
"The risk of serious complications after colonoscopy has important implications for the overall benefits of colorectal cancer screening programs. We evaluated the incidence of serious complications within 30 days after screening or surveillance colonoscopies in diverse clinical settings and sought... | Complications after screening or surveillance colonoscopy are uncommon. Risk factors for complications include warfarin use and polypectomy with cautery. | yes |
19,862,371 | Does prevalence and correlate of pain in the Canadian National Palliative Care Survey? | {
"contexts": [
"Pain is a common problem for people with cancer who are nearing the ends of their lives.",
"In the present multicentre Canadian study of palliative cancer care, the prevalence of pain, its perceived severity and its correlates across a range of physical, social, psychological, and existential... | Pain continues to be a difficult problem for many patients who are receiving palliative cancer care, particularly younger individuals who are nearing death. | yes |
19,836,242 | Does an unbiased screen identify DEP-1 tumor suppressor as a phosphatase controlling EGFR endocytosis? | {
"contexts": [
"The epidermal growth factor (EGF) stimulates rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of the EGF receptor (EGFR). This event precedes signaling from both the plasma membrane and from endosomes, and it is essential for recruitment of a ubiquitin ligase, CBL, that sorts activated receptors to endosomes and d... | EGFR and DEP-1 physically interact at the cell surface and maintain bidirectional enzyme-substrate interactions, which are relevant to their respective oncogenic and tumor-suppressive functions. These observations highlight the emerging roles of vesicular trafficking in malignant processes. | yes |
19,863,740 | Does an acute pain service improve postoperative pain management for children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy? | {
"contexts": [
"A continuous epidural infusion of morphine is the pain treatment modality for children undergoing selective dorsal rhizotomy (SDR) in our institution. The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of having an organized acute pain service (APS) on postoperative pain management of these children... | Although we recognize that it is possible that there were changes in care not related specifically to the introduction of a dedicated APS that occurred in our institution that resulted in improvements in general postoperative care and in length of stay, our study did show that having an organized APS allowed to signifi... | yes |
19,845,689 | Does heparin regulate colon cancer cell growth through p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase signalling? | {
"contexts": [
"Heparin acts as an extracellular stimulus capable of activating major cell signalling pathways. Thus, we examined the putative mechanisms utilized by heparin to stimulate HT29, SW1116 and HCT116 colon cancer cell growth.",
"Possible participation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)... | This study demonstrates that an extracellular glycosaminoglycan, heparin, finely modulates expression of genes crucial to cell cycle regulation through specific activation of p38 MAP kinase to stimulate colon cancer cell growth. | yes |
19,838,518 | Do mouth breathing children have cephalometric patterns similar to those of adult patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether mouth breathing children present the same cephalometric patterns as patients with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS).",
"Cephalometric variables were traced and measured on vertical lateral cephalometric radiographs. The cephalometric measurements of 52 mouth and 90 ... | Mouth breathing children present abnormal cephalometric parameters and their craniofacial morphology resembles that of patients with OSAS. | yes |
19,854,845 | Are serum hepcidin-25 levels in patients with chronic kidney disease independent of glomerular filtration rate? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepcidin is a key regulator of iron homeostasis and levels are elevated in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Hepcidin may explain the often observed imbalance in iron metabolism in patients with CKD. We evaluated the influence of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) on serum leve... | eGFR is not a major determinant of serum hepcidin-25 levels. In contrast, the hepcidin isoforms hepcidin-20 and hepcidin-22 accumulate in patients with renal impairment. | yes |
19,851,093 | Does diabetes alter mortality or hemostatic and inflammatory responses in patients with severe sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Diabetes patients have an increased risk of sepsis. Several inflammatory and coagulant pathways that are activated during sepsis are also up-regulated in diabetes patients. We tested our a priori hypothesis that the presence of diabetes adversely affects the outcome of sepsis.",
"Retrospectiv... | Although diabetes is a risk factor for sepsis, once established, the outcome of severe sepsis does not appear to be significantly influenced by the presence of diabetes. In nondiabetic patients, however, admission hyperglycemia is associated with an increased mortality. | no |
19,851,091 | Does recombinant angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 improve pulmonary blood flow and oxygenation in lipopolysaccharide-induced lung injury in piglets? | {
"contexts": [
"To study angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in a piglet model with acute respiratory distress syndrome and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of this substance in a preclinical setting, as this model allows the assessment of the same parameters required for monitoring the disease in human intensi... | Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 attenuates arterial hypoxemia, pulmonary hypertension, and redistribution of pulmonary blood flow in a piglet model of acute respiratory distress syndrome, and may be a promising substance for clinical use. | yes |
19,840,376 | Is cHD5 down-regulated through promoter hypermethylation in gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Nonhistone chromosomal proteins in concert with histones play important roles in the replication and repair of DNA and in the regulation of gene expression. The deregulation of these proteins can contribute to the development of a variety of diseases such as cancer. As a nonhistone chromosomal pr... | CHD5 was a TSG epigenetically down-regulated in gastric cancer. | yes |
19,851,463 | Is lymphoid EVA1 expression required for DN1-DN3 thymocytes transition? | {
"contexts": [
"Thymus organogenesis and T lymphocyte development are accomplished together during fetal life. Proper development and maintenance of thymus architecture depend on signals generated by a sustained crosstalk between developing thymocytes and stromal elements. Any maturation impairment occurring in ... | Our findings show that modulation of Eva1 expression in thymocytes is crucial for lymphocyte physiological developmental progression and stromal differentiation. | yes |
19,856,117 | Are serum calcium levels elevated among women with untreated postmenopausal breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Reports of an association between primary hyperparathyroidism in women and risk of breast cancer suggest an etiologic role for high serum calcium. However, data on the association between serum calcium levels and breast cancer in women without clinical hyperparathyroidism are limited.",
"We c... | The distribution of serum calcium levels among postmenopausal women with incident breast cancer was shifted significantly toward the right. These findings are consistent with an effect of early breast tumors on calcium homeostasis. However, the lack of association between serum calcium levels and tumor size or stage su... | yes |
19,850,678 | Is the exon 3-deleted growth hormone receptor associated with better response to pegvisomant therapy in acromegaly? | {
"contexts": [
"The deletion of exon 3 in the GH receptor (GHR) has been associated with a different biochemical picture and response to therapy in acromegaly.",
"The aim of the study was to determine whether or not the GHR genotype influences the efficacy of pegvisomant treatment.",
"A cross-sectional s... | The exon 3 deletion in the GHR predicts an improved response to pegvisomant therapy in acromegaly. | yes |
19,838,999 | Does diet determine features of the metabolic syndrome in 6- to 14-year-old children? | {
"contexts": [
"Insulin resistance (IR) and hypertension are common in overweight children, and the adipocyte-derived hormones resistin, adiponectin, and leptin may modulate IR and blood pressure (BP). Few data exist in children on dietary determinants of IR, BP, or leptin, and no data exist on dietary determina... | In children, dietary macronutrient composition is a predictor of IR and systolic BP, but not resistin, adiponectin, or leptin concentrations. Resistin and adiponectin concentrations are not correlated with IR or BP in this age range. | yes |
19,865,541 | Does a surgical review of the priority claim attributed to Abraham Groves ( 1847-1935 )? | {
"contexts": [
"The practice of surgery had changed little over millennia when Abraham Groves and William Osler attended medical school together in Toronto, Ontario. The invention of anesthesia sparked such rapid development that by the time of Groves' and Osler's deaths, surgical practice resembled the current ... | Although Groves' impact was reduced by his location and the limited circulation of the journals in which he wrote, he demonstrated a systematic understanding of modern surgery well ahead of his contemporaries. | yes |
19,864,636 | Does intensive coordinative training improve motor performance in degenerative cerebellar disease? | {
"contexts": [
"The cerebellum is known to play a strong functional role in both motor control and motor learning. Hence, the benefit of physiotherapeutic training remains controversial for patients with cerebellar degeneration. In this study, we examined the effectiveness of a 4-week intensive coordinative trai... | In patients with cerebellar ataxia, coordinative training improves motor performance and reduces ataxia symptoms, enabling them to achieve personally meaningful goals in everyday life. Training effects were more distinct for patients whose afferent pathways were not affected. For both groups, continuous training seems ... | yes |
19,841,105 | Does circulating ghrelin exist in both lipoprotein bound and free forms? | {
"contexts": [
"Ghrelin is a gastric peptide that has been implicated in the development of obesity and cardiovascular disease. It has been reported that ghrelin binds to lipoproteins, although the different binding patterns of acylated ghrelin (AG) and unacylated ghrelin (UAG) are still to be determined.",
... | The different binding patterns of AG and UAG may have significant implications for their biological effects, including roles in energy metabolism, the development of obesity and potentially in the modulation of cardiovascular disease. | yes |
19,847,607 | Do comparative outcomes of pars plana vitrectomy in acute postoperative endophthalmitis with 25-gauge and 20-gauge techniques? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the safety and outcomes of 25-gauge pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in the treatment of postoperative endophthalmitis and compare it with 20-gauge PPV.",
"The medical records of all patients diagnosed with acute endophthalmitis following cataract surgery who underwent PPV between Dece... | Twenty-five-gauge PPV seems to be safe and effective in the management of postoperative endophthalmitis. This sutureless technique may have some advantages over 20-gauge surgery, but controlled studies are needed to confirm the results. | yes |
19,851,062 | Do dietary phytosterols and phytostanols alter the expression of sterol-regulatory genes in SHRSP and WKY inbred rats? | {
"contexts": [
"We elucidated the molecular mechanism(s) underlying sterol trafficking by investigating alterations in gene expression in response to increased retention of dietary phytosterols and phytostanols in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive (SHRSP) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) inbred rats.",
... | Altered expression of multiple sterol-regulatory genes may contribute to the incorporation and cholesterol-lowering actions of phytosterols and phytostanols. Phytosterols and phytostanols may act through different mechanism(s) on cholesterol and phytosterol/phytostanol trafficking. | yes |
19,851,061 | Is renal protection by ischemic preconditioning associated with p50/p50 homodimers? | {
"contexts": [
"Although recent studies indicate that renal ischemia preconditioning (IPC) protects the kidney from ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, the precise protection mechanism is still unknown. It has been widely recognized that the activity of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is altered upon I/R injury... | In conclusion, our investigation suggests that: (1) the general activity of NF-kappaB is attenuated in IPC kidneys, and (2) the remaining activation of NF-kappaB is dominated with p50/p50 homodimer. Both of these effects might subsequently downregulate IL-18 expression, as well as provide renal protective effects of IP... | yes |
19,840,281 | Does low-energy laser irradiation accelerate the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Previously, the authors have reported the acceleration of tooth movement and osteoclastogenesis on the pressure site in an experimental tooth movement model by low-energy laser irradiation (LELI), which stimulated the RANK/RANKL system and c-fms/macrophage colony-stimulating factor system. Howeve... | These findings suggest that LELI accelerates the velocity of tooth movement via stimulation of the alveolar bone remodeling. | yes |
19,843,320 | Does glycogenome expression dynamics during mouse C2C12 myoblast differentiation suggest a sequential reorganization of membrane glycoconjugates? | {
"contexts": [
"Several global transcriptomic and proteomic approaches have been applied in order to obtain new molecular insights on skeletal myogenesis, but none has generated any specific data on glycogenome expression, and thus on the role of glycan structures in this process, despite the involvement of glyc... | For the first time, these results provide a broad description of the expression dynamics of glycogenes during C2C12 differentiation. Among the 37 highly deregulated glycogenes, 29 had never been associated with myogenesis. Their biological functions suggest new roles for glycans in skeletal myogenesis. | yes |
19,846,980 | Are serum levels of CA15-3 , KL-6 and BCA225 positively correlated with each other in the general population? | {
"contexts": [
"Carbohydrate antigen 15-3 (CA15-3), Kerbs von den Lungen (KL-6) and breast cancer antigen 225 (BCA225) are widely used tumor markers for breast and lung cancer respectively.",
"We analyzed 460 Japanese volunteers for 99 items on blood examination including 27 serum tumor markers. Correlations... | This is the first report to show a positive correlation among these markers in the general population. All of these are recognized as belonging to the mucin family, and this might be the reason for the positive correlation. | yes |
19,863,639 | Do hand movements at 3 months predict later hemiplegia in term infants with neonatal cerebral infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to explore the predictive value of quantitative assessment of hand movements in 3-month-old infants after neonatal stroke.",
"Thirteen infants born at term (five females, eight males; mean gestational age 39.4wks, SD 1.19, range 37-41wks; mean birthweight 3240g, SD 2... | We propose that the observed abnormalities of hand movements are the result of two different mechanisms: direct disruption of the corticospinal projection to the spinal cord, and altered modulation of the central pattern generators of general movements. | yes |
19,849,845 | Do estrogen treatment following severe burn injury reduces brain inflammation and apoptotic signaling? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients with severe burn injury experience a rapid elevation in multiple circulating pro-inflammatory cytokines, with the levels correlating with both injury severity and outcome. Accumulations of these cytokines in animal models have been observed in remote organs, however data are lacking rega... | Following severe burn injury, estrogens decrease both brain inflammation and the activation of apoptosis, represented by an increase in the levels of phospho-Akt and inhibition of caspase-3 activation and PARP cleavage. Results from these studies will help further our understanding of how estrogens protect the brain fo... | yes |
19,849,841 | Do smad4-dependent pathways control basement membrane deposition and endodermal cell migration at early stages of mouse development? | {
"contexts": [
"Smad4 mutant embryos arrest shortly after implantation and display a characteristic shortened proximodistal axis, a significantly reduced epiblast, as well as a thickened visceral endoderm layer. Conditional rescue experiments demonstrate that bypassing the primary requirement for Smad4 in the ex... | Smad4 functional loss results in a dramatic shift in gene expression patterns and in the endodermal cell lineage causes an excess deposition of, or an inability to breakdown and remodel, the underlying BM layer. These structural abnormalities probably disrupt reciprocal signalling between the epiblast and overlying vis... | yes |
19,840,595 | Is novelty seeking among adult women lower for the winter borns compared to the summer borns : replication in a large Finnish birth cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"Earlier general population studies have shown that novelty seeking (NS) of the Temperament and Character Inventory (TCI) of personality is lower for persons born in winter compared to those born in summer, particularly for women. Here, we investigate if this result can be replicated in another po... | Women born in winter have lower NS as adults compared to women born in summer. Because NS is modulated by dopamine, this study gives further support to the studies in the literature that show that dopamine turnover for those born in winter is higher than for those born in summer. | yes |
19,848,362 | Is sleep spindle activity correlated with reading abilities in developmental dyslexia? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze sleep architecture of children with dyslexia, by means of conventional parameters and EEG spectral analysis and to correlate sleep parameters and EEG spectra with neuropsychological measures.",
"Cross-sectional study involving validated sleep questionnaires, neuropsychological scal... | The correlation found between sleep spindle activity and reading abilities in developmental dyslexia supports the hypothesis of a role for NREM sleep and spindles in sleep-related neurocognitive processing. | yes |
19,864,397 | Does gAD antibody positivity predict type 2 diabetes in an adult population? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the significance of GAD antibodies (GADAs) and family history for type 1 diabetes (FH(T1)) or type 2 diabetes (FH(T2)) in nondiabetic subjects.",
"GADAs were analyzed in 4,976 nondiabetic relatives of type 2 diabetic patients or control subjects from Finland. Altogether, 289 (5.9%... | GADA positivity clusters in families with type 1 diabetes or latent autoimmune diabetes in adults. GADA positivity predicts diabetes independently of family history of diabetes, and this risk was further increased with high GADA concentrations. | yes |
19,853,677 | Does distraction osteogenesis induce endothelial progenitor cell mobilization without inflammatory response in man? | {
"contexts": [
"Distraction osteogenesis (DO) is a unique postnatal bone formation process, which is characterized by a profuse increase in vascularization. Recently endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have been reported to circulate in substantial numbers under physiologic conditions and to contribute to bone r... | This study demonstrates a mobilization of EPC population during distraction osteogenesis in human limb-lengthening patients. Distraction strain provoked increases in the plasma levels of EPC-mobilizing cytokines, such as, VEGF and SDF-1. These findings suggest a possibility that therapeutical approaches which modulate ... | yes |
19,864,451 | Does the exon-3 deleted growth hormone receptor polymorphism predispose to long-term complications of acromegaly? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to evaluate the impact of the genomic deletion of exon 3 of the GH receptor (d3GHR) on long-term clinical outcome of acromegaly in a well-characterized cohort of patients with long-term remission of acromegaly.",
"We conducted a cross-sectional study.",
"The prese... | In patients with long-term cured acromegaly, the d3GHR polymorphism is associated with an increased prevalence of irreversible comorbidities such as osteoarthritis, dolichocolon, and adenomatous colonic polyps, but not with other comorbidities such as cardiovascular risk factors. | yes |
19,851,654 | Does body mass index have a good correlation with proatherosclerotic profile in children and adolescents? | {
"contexts": [
"More recently, the association of different risk factors has been described as the metabolic syndrome. Different definitions are being used for the same syndrome. Regardless of the name or classification, it has been well established that a cardiovascular cluster including overweight/obesity, inc... | Excess weight evaluated by BMIP was associated with increased blood pressure, triglycerides, HOMAir index, and low HDL-cholesterol, a proatherosclerotic profile in children and adolescents. | yes |
19,852,063 | Does hyaluronic acid ameliorate bladder hyperactivity via the inhibition of H2O2-enhanced purinergic and muscarinic signaling in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"We hypothesize that increased H(2)O(2) in the urinary bladder may affect ATP and acetylcholine release and activate urothelial purinergic and muscarinic signaling consequently leading to hyperactive bladder.",
"We infused 0.3% and 1.5% H(2)O(2) to the urinary bladder to evaluate the voiding f... | These results indicate that hyaluronic acid treatment can ameliorate H(2)O(2)-induced bladder hyperactivity possibly via the antioxidant activity and the inhibition of activating purinergic and muscarinic signaling pathway. | yes |
19,847,866 | Does hospital volume influence the choice of operation for thyroid cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Many authors advocate total or near-total thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma. This study examined the relationship between hospital volume of thyroidectomies and choice of bilateral thyroidectomy for thyroid carcinoma.",
"Data were extracted from the administrative databases of all hospital ... | There is a significant relationship between hospital volume and the decision to perform bilateral surgery for thyroid carcinoma. Thyroid cancer surgery should be performed by experienced surgical teams in high-volume centres. | yes |
19,853,085 | Are plasma amyloid beta42 and amyloid beta40 levels associated with early cognitive dysfunction after cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Decreased cognitive function associated with coronary artery bypass graft surgery is common. These deficits may be similar to the cognitive dysfunction seen in the spectrum of mild cognitive impairment to Alzheimer's disease, which are believed to result from the accumulation of amyloid beta (Abe... | Decreased preoperative plasma levels of Abeta(42) and Abeta(40) in patients who exhibit postoperative cognitive dysfunction at 3 months suggest that postoperative cognitive dysfunction at this time may share a common mechanism with mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's disease. This process may be exacerbated by an... | yes |
19,853,860 | Is aortic intima media thickness an early marker of atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare aortic intima media thickness (aIMT) to carotid intima media thickness (cIMT) as a marker of early atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and to examine the associations of aIMT to known cardiovascular risk factors.",
"66 children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (a... | aIMT is an earlier marker than cIMT of preclinical atherosclerosis in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus and relates to known cardiovascular risk factors and metabolic control. | yes |
19,843,677 | Are methylation markers for CCNA1 and C13ORF18 strongly associated with high-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and cervical cancer in cervical scrapings? | {
"contexts": [
"Recently, we reported 13 possible cervical cancer-specific methylated biomarkers identified by pharmacologic unmasking microarray in combination with large-genome computational screening. The aim of the present study was to perform an in-depth analysis of the methylation patterns of these 13 cand... | Methylation of CCNA1 and C13ORF18 in cervical scrapings is strongly associated with CIN II or higher-grade lesions. Therefore, these markers might be used for direct referral to gynecologists for patients with a methylation-positive scraping. | yes |
19,854,849 | Does x-inactivation modify disease severity in female carriers of murine X-linked Alport syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Female carriers of X-linked Alport syndrome (XLAS) demonstrate variability in clinical phenotype that, unlike males, cannot be correlated with genotype. X-inactivation, the method by which females (XX) silence transcription from one X chromosome in order to achieve gene dosage parity with males (... | Our findings establish X-inactivation as a major modifier of the carrier phenotype in X-linked Alport syndrome. Thus, X-inactivation patterns may offer prognostic information and point to possible treatment strategies for symptomatic carriers. | yes |
19,837,527 | Is a structured implicit abstraction method to evaluate whether content of counseling before prostate cancer screening consistent with recommendations by experts? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the content of counseling about prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening. Guidelines recommend informed consent before screening because of concerns about benefits versus risks. As part of the professional practice standard for informed consent, clinicians should include content custom... | Counseling varied but most transcripts included some expert-recommended facts. The absence of other facts could be a quality deficit or an effort to prioritize messages and lessen cognitive demands on the patient. | yes |
19,840,833 | Do mannose binding lectin and lung collectins interact with Toll-like receptor 4 and MD-2 by different mechanisms? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously shown that lung collectins, surfactant protein A (SP-A) and surfactant protein D, interact with Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2, TLR4, or MD-2. Bindings of lung collectins to TLR2 and TLR4/MD-2 result in the alterations of signaling through these receptors, suggesting the immunomodu... | These results suggested that MBL binds to TLR4 and MD-2 through the carbohydrate-recognition domain, and that oligosaccharide moieties of TLR4 and MD-2 are important for recognition by MBL. Since our previous studies indicated that lung collectins bind to the peptide portions of TLRs, MBL and lung collectins interact w... | yes |
19,854,077 | Is cIS a surrogate marker of genetic instability and field carcinogenesis in the urothelial mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether carcinoma in situ (CIS) lesion could be considered a surrogate marker of urothelium genetic instability and field carcinogenesis or not, we evaluated DNA content, p53 overexpression, and proliferative index (Ki-67 expression) in primary tumor, in tumor-adjacent mucosa, and ... | This study points out that CIS is a marker of genetic instability of the urothelium mucosa. The CIS surrounding morphologically normal urothelium showed a high frequency of abnormal DNA content, with high percentage of clear aneuploid cells (high 5cER), p53 mutated protein expression, and a proliferative status underly... | yes |
19,851,233 | Are associations between self-reported quality of care and county characteristics largely similar in rural and urban settings? | {
"contexts": [
"The content and spectrum of rural health care services are different from those in urban areas. The extent to which health care consumers' perceptions of the quality of these services vary across settings and the association of these perceptions with features of rural and urban settings are uncle... | Despite rural/urban differences in contextual characteristics with potential influence on health care delivery, overall consumer perception of health care quality was similar in both settings. This suggests that health care managers may be adopting setting-specific strategies to enhance consumer satisfaction despite co... | yes |
19,857,666 | Are optimal mycophenolic acid and mycophenolic acid glucuronide levels at the early period after kidney transplantation the key contributors to improving long-term outcomes? | {
"contexts": [
"Suboptimal mycophenolic acid (MPA) and its metabolite MPA glucuronide (MPAG) levels are associated with significant increased incidences of graft loss. This study assessed the influence of MPA and MPAG C(0) levels on glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values and histopathologic changes in protocol ... | Optimal MPA and MPAG exposure in the early posttransplant period may improve renal graft outcomes. | yes |
19,851,090 | Does hydrogen sulfide promote transient receptor potential vanilloid 1-mediated neurogenic inflammation in polymicrobial sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the interaction and involvement of hydrogen sulfide and transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1 in the pathogenesis of sepsis. Hydrogen sulfide has been demonstrated to be involved in many inflammatory states including sepsis. Its contribution in neurogenic inflammation has b... | The present study shows that hydrogen sulfide induces systemic inflammation and multiple organ damage characteristic of sepsis via transient receptor potential vanilloid type 1-mediated neurogenic inflammation. | yes |
19,836,722 | Do isolation of Staphylococcus aureus and black-pigmented bacteroides indicate a high risk for the development of Ludwig 's angina? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to compare clinical, microbiological, enzymatic, and host immune response variables between subjects hospitalized with facial cellulitis, with Ludwig's angina (LA) and without Ludwig's angina (WOLA).",
"Microbiological and enzymatic tests on pus, and hematological an... | Elevated levels of CRP and urea could indicate the severity of infection in patients with LA. This could be because of the highly virulent and fast-spreading organisms, S. aureus and black-pigmented bacteroides, which may be a factor indicative of LA. | yes |
19,854,761 | Are biological markers of cardiac damage related to measures of cardiac systolic and diastolic function using cardiovascular magnetic resonance and echocardiography after an acute bout of prolonged endurance exercise? | {
"contexts": [
"Seventeen male participants (mean (SD) (range): age 33.5 (6.5) years (46-26 years), body mass 80 (9.2) kg (100-63 kg), height 1.81 (0.06) m (1.93- 1.70 m)) ran a marathon to investigate the relationship between systolic function (using cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR)) and diastolic function (usi... | Biomarkers of cardiac damage after prolonged exercise are not associated with either systolic or diastolic functional measures. | no |
19,861,280 | Do [ Value of ultrasonographic grading with high-frequency probes in distinguishing breast tumors ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the value of ultrasonographic grading with high-frequency probes in differentiating benign and malignant breast tumors.",
"Sixty-four women (mean age 44.5-/+13.7 years) with 79 breast tumors underwent high-frequency ultrasonography to examine the tumor number, size, aspect rati... | Grading of breast tumors with high-frequency ultrasonography helps evaluate the nature of the tumors, and a higher score suggests increased probability of malignancy. | yes |
19,851,120 | Is selective chloride loading pressor in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat despite hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuresis? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the hypothesis that in the stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHRSP), the pressor effect of selective dietary chloride loading depends on a positive external sodium balance.",
"In 43 male SHRSP fed a Japanese style diet containing a low normal amount of NaCl (0.4%), we compa... | These results demonstrate that in the SHRSP, dietary KCl loading can induce a pressor effect despite concomitant hydrochlorothiazide-induced natriuresis that elicits a negative external sodium balance. The results provide evidence that in the SHRSP the pressor effect of selective chloride loading does not depend on a p... | yes |
19,837,095 | Does the anxiogenic drug FG7142 increase self-injurious behavior in male rhesus monkeys ( Macaca mulatta )? | {
"contexts": [
"Self-injurious behavior (SIB), which is deliberate infliction of self-injury without suicidal intent, is a significant human health problem. SIB is not unique to humans but is also manifested in a small percentage of captive macaques, typically as self-directed biting. Although the onset and main... | The present findings indicate that self-biting is anxiety-related in some but not all SIB monkeys, suggesting that this behavioral pathology is heterogeneous as has previously been suggested for SIB in humans. | yes |
19,861,434 | Does nKG2D ligand expression in human colorectal cancer reveal associations with prognosis and evidence for immunoediting? | {
"contexts": [
"NKG2D (natural killer group 2, member D) binds to cellular ligands of the MIC and ULBP/RAET family. These ligands have restricted expression in normal tissue, but are frequently expressed on primary tumors. The role of NKG2D ligands is thought to be important in carcinogenesis but its prognostic ... | The observations presented are consistent with an immunoediting mechanism that selects tumor cells that have lost or reduced their expression of NKG2D ligands. The combination of MIC and tumor-node-metastasis stage was found to be the strongest predictor of survival, splitting patients into eight groups and suggesting ... | yes |
19,861,435 | Does comprehensive genomic analysis reveal clinically relevant molecular distinctions between thymic carcinomas and thymomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Thymomas and thymic carcinomas are rare intrathoracic malignancies that can be invasive and refractory to conventional treatment. Because these tumors both originate from the thymus, they are often grouped together clinically. However, whether the underlying biology of these tumors warrants such ... | Comprehensive genomic analysis suggests that thymic carcinomas are molecularly distinct from thymomas. These data have clinical, pathologic, and therapeutic implications for the treatment of thymic malignancies. | yes |
19,861,439 | Does intratumoral expression of mature human neutrophil peptide-1 mediate antitumor immunity in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Human neutrophil peptides (HNP1-3), small molecular antimicrobial peptides, are expressed within tumors and associated with tumor necrosis and inhibition of angiogenesis. Recent investigations have suggested that HNP1-3 are likely to be involved in the host immune responses to tumors.",
"We u... | These findings indicate that HNP1 can exert multiple antitumor effects through different mechanisms; more importantly, HNP1 mediates host immune responses to tumors in situ through the recruitment and subsequent activation of immature dendritic cells and thus shows promising potential in cancer therapy. | yes |
19,865,575 | Does strategic faculty recruitment increase research productivity within an academic university division? | {
"contexts": [
"Research is an important mandate for academic surgical divisions. However, there is widespread concern that the current health care climate is leading to a decline in research activity. A University of British Columbia (UBC) academic surgical division attempted to address this concern by strategi... | Strategic recruitment resulted in increased and sustained research productivity. Interactions between research scientists and clinicians resulted in successful program grant funding support. These results have implications for sustaining the research mission within academic departments of surgery. | yes |
19,844,945 | Does validation of diagnostic codes for outpatient-originating sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmia in Medicaid and Medicare claim data? | {
"contexts": [
"Sudden cardiac death (SD) and ventricular arrhythmias (VAs) caused by medications have arisen as an important public health concern in recent years. The validity of diagnostic codes in identifying SD/VA events originating in the ambulatory setting is not well known. This study examined the positi... | First-listed SD/VA diagnostic codes identified in inpatient or emergency department encounters had very good agreement with clinical diagnoses and functioned well to identify outpatient-originating events. Researchers using such codes can be confident of the PPV when conducting studies of SD/VA originating in the outpa... | yes |
19,844,941 | Are placental growth hormone and growth hormone binding protein first trimester maternal serum markers of Down syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Placental growth hormone (PGH) is synthesised by the placenta, and its function is modulated by growth hormone binding protein (GHBP). The potential of PGH and GHBP as maternal serum screening markers for Down syndrome (DS) was examined.",
"Maternal serum concentrations of PGH and GHBP were d... | PGH and GHBP are early first trimester maternal serum markers for DS [Correction made here after initial online publication]. | yes |
19,839,839 | Does atorvastatin prevent gentamicin-induced renal damage in rats through the inhibition of p38-MAPK and NF-kappaB pathways? | {
"contexts": [
"Gentamicin (GM) is still considered to be an important antibiotic against life-threatening, gram-negative bacterial infections despite its known nephrotoxic effects. We aimed to evaluate the potential protective effect of atorvastatin (ATO) against GM-induced nephrotoxicity in rats.",
"The ra... | ATO acts in the kidney as a potent scavenger of free radicals to prevent the toxic effects of GM via the inhibition of MAPK and NF-kappaB signaling pathways and iNOS expression. | yes |
19,839,837 | Does cyclosporine induce endothelin-1 mRNA synthesis and nitric oxide production in human proximal tubular epithelial cell cultures? | {
"contexts": [
"Cyclosporine (CsA) is implicated in the development of chronic allograft nephropathy, which is related to reduced long-term allograft survival. The activation of tubular epithelial cells is involved in the renal scarring process via stimulation of factors such as endothelin-1 (ET-1) and nitric ox... | Increased synthesis of endothelin-1 mRNA and nitric oxide as well as a significant cytotoxic effect on tubular epithelial cells under the influence of CsA might be related to the development of CsA nephrotoxicity. | yes |
19,851,117 | Does respiratory muscle strength in rheumatic mitral stenosis improve after balloon valvotomy? | {
"contexts": [
"Dyspnea is a common symptom in a patient with valvular heart disease. The mechanism underlying this disease is still uncertain. Respiratory muscle weakness has been proposed to be one of the mechanisms underlying dyspnea in heart failure, but this has not been adequately studied in valvular heart... | Improvement in dyspnea in mitral stenosis after balloon valvotomy is associated with significant improvement in respiratory muscle strength. | yes |
19,851,988 | Is late-gestation ventricular myocardial reduction in fetuses of hyperglycemic CD1 mice associated with increased apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous work in our laboratory showed reduced myocardium and dilated ventricular chambers in gestation day (GD) 17 hearts that were collected from hyperglycemic CD1 mouse dams. Pre-breeding maternal immune stimulation, using Freund's complete adjuvant (FCA), diminished the severity of these feta... | Maternal hyperglycemia causes dys-regulated apoptosis of fetal myocardial cells. Such effect may be prevented by maternal immune stimulation. | yes |
19,846,966 | Is s100A8 and S100A9 expression a crucial factor for dedifferentiation in thyroid carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"S100A8 plays a role in various functions of myeloid cells by forming a heterocomplex with S100A9. S100A8 and S100A9 are also known to be overexpressed in certain species of carcinomas.",
"In this study, the protein expression of S100A8 as well as that of S100A9 was investigated in thyroid tum... | S100A8 plays an important role in dedifferentiation of thyroid carcinoma possibly by forming a complex with S100A9. | yes |
19,863,202 | Do intermediate frequency magnetic fields generated by an induction heating ( IH ) cooktop affect genotoxicities and expression of heat shock proteins? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of intermediate frequency (IF) fields generated by induction heating (IH) cooktops from the perspective of cellular genotoxicity and stress responses.",
"We evaluated the effects of exposure to 23 kHz magnetic fields at 6.05 mT(rms) for 2 h on ... | Our results indicate that exposure to an IF magnetic field at 6.05 mT(rms) for 2 h does not cause detectable cellular genotoxicity, and does not induce detectable cellular stress. | no |
19,863,200 | Do multiple blood-proteins approach for early-response exposure assessment using an in vivo murine radiation model? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim was to evaluate the utility of multiple blood-protein biomarkers for early-response assessment of radiation exposure using a murine radiation model system.",
"BALB/c male mice (8-10 weeks old) were exposed to whole-body 60Co gamma-rays (10 cGy min(-1)) over a broad dose range (0-7 Gy)... | Results from this study represent a proof-of-concept for multiple blood-proteins biodosimetry approach. It was demonstrated for the first time that protein expression profile could be developed not only to assess radiation exposure in male BALB/c mice but also to distinguish the level of radiation exposure, ranging fro... | yes |
19,854,537 | Does [ Early visual screening appear essential to detect complete amblyopia risk and to treat strabismus earlier ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Early medical examinations performed in 2-, 4-, 9-, and 24-month-olds need to set up a technique adapted to infants and children. The aim of this study was to describe the technique and the results of screening performed by physicians of the Hauts-de-Seine district in 2004.",
"Over 1 year, 17... | This screening has led to quadrupling the number of children wearing corrective lenses and monitoring the others presenting visual abnormalities, confirming the advantages of early visual screening for children under 3 years of age. | yes |
19,846,044 | Is tolerance to ethanol sedation and withdrawal hyper-excitability mediated via neuropeptide Y Y1 and Y5 receptors? | {
"contexts": [
"Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is widely distributed throughout the brain and has been implicated in some of the actions of ethanol. The aim of the present study was to characterize the subtypes of NPY receptors in ethanol induced sedation, tolerance and withdrawal hyper-excitability.",
"The loss of ri... | The results underscore a role for NPY Y1 and Y5 receptors in the ethanol induced sedation, tolerance and withdrawal hyper-excitability. We suggest that modulation of NPY Y1 and Y5 receptors may be a strategy to address the ethanol withdrawal conditions. | yes |
19,849,856 | Does leptin interfere with 3',5'-cyclic adenosine monophosphate ( cAMP ) signaling to inhibit steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Obesity has been linked to an increased risk of female infertility. Leptin, an adipocytokine which is elevated during obesity, may influence gonadal function through modulating steroidogenesis in granulosa cells.",
"The effect of leptin on progesterone production in simian virus 40 immortaliz... | In the present study, we investigated the cellular mechanisms underlying leptin-regulated steroidogenesis in human granulosa cells. We show that leptin inhibits 8-bromo cAMP-stimulated progesterone production in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, we show that leptin inhibits expression of the cAMP-stimulate... | yes |
19,849,855 | Is canonical Wnt signaling antagonized by noncanonical Wnt5a in hepatocellular carcinoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"beta-catenin mutations that constitutively activate the canonical Wnt signaling have been observed in a subset of hepatocellular carcinomas (HCCs). These mutations are associated with chromosomal stability, low histological grade, low tumor invasion and better patient survival. We hypothesized th... | Differential expression of Wnt ligands in HCC cells is associated with selective activation of canonical Wnt signaling in well-differentiated, and its repression in poorly differentiated cell lines. One potential mechanism of repression involved Wnt5a, acting as an antagonist of canonical Wnt signaling. Our observation... | yes |
19,840,698 | Does injuries due to fall from hunters ' tree stands in Pennsylvania? | {
"contexts": [
"People who hunt deer from elevated tree stands may improve the chances of a successful hunt but also risk serious injury from a fall to the ground.",
"The objective of the current investigation is to estimate the rates of injuries from falls from tree stands using a population-based study des... | Falls from tree stands associated with deer hunting are an increasing and important cause of injuries, especially for older hunters. Surveillance for tree stand-related injuries should be enhanced and preventive initiatives developed and tested. | yes |
19,843,342 | Does chronic kidney disease increase cardiovascular unfavourable outcomes in outpatients with heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic heart failure (CHF) has a high morbidity and mortality. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) has consistently been found to be an independent risk factor for unfavorable cardiovascular (CV) outcomes. Early intervention on CKD reduces the progression of CHF, hospitalizations and mortality, yet the... | In this cohort of patients with CHF stages B and C, CKD was prevalent and independently associated with increased risk of hospitalization and death secondary to cardiac decompensation, especially in asymptomatic patients. | yes |
19,860,865 | Does genetic and pharmacological inhibition of calcineurin correct the BDNF transport defect in Huntington 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Huntington's disease (HD) is an inherited neurogenerative disease caused by an abnormal expansion of glutamine repeats in the huntingtin protein. There is currently no treatment to prevent the neurodegeneration caused by this devastating disorder. Huntingtin has been shown to be a positive regula... | Our results validate calcineurin as a target for the treatment of HD and provide the first demonstration of the restoration of huntingtin function by an FDA-approved compound. | yes |
19,843,288 | Does immunomonitoring of graft-versus-host minor histocompatibility antigen correlate with graft-versus-host disease and absence of relapse after graft? | {
"contexts": [
"After HLA-identical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation, minor histocompatibility (mH) antigen alloreactivity plays a dominant role in the development of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) and graft versus leukemia (GVL).",
"We have analyzed the mH alloreactivity (enzyme-linked immunospot [... | Our results provide a robust method to monitor mH antigen graft-versus-host reaction and suggest that current identified mH have predictive value on GVHD and GVL. | yes |
19,836,783 | Is fine needle aspiration using improved agar microbiopsy highly concordant with renal mass final diagnosis and subclassification? | {
"contexts": [
"Computerized tomography and ultrasound are usually sufficient for preoperative evaluation of renal masses greater than 5 cm. For renal masses less than 5 cm additional histological evaluation could improve diagnosis and treatment decisions. We investigated the concordance between an improved agar... | Ex vivo fine needle aspiration using an improved agar microbiopsy block technique is highly concordant (98%) with the final diagnosis and subclassification of renal masses. Future validation using an in vivo pretreatment setting is needed to determine its clinical value. | yes |
19,837,536 | Are joint torques and powers reduced during ambulation for both limbs in patients with unilateral claudication? | {
"contexts": [
"Symptomatic peripheral arterial disease (PAD) results in significant gait impairment. In an attempt to fully delineate and quantify these gait alterations, we analyzed joint kinematics, torques (rotational forces), and powers (rotational forces times angular velocity) in patients with PAD with un... | Patients with PAD with unilateral claudication demonstrate significant gait impairments in both limbs that are present even before they experience any claudication symptoms. Overall, our data demonstrate significantly reduced ankle plantar flexion torque and power during late stance with reduced knee power during early... | yes |
19,838,881 | Do breast cancer and cervical cancer control program enrollees inform the kin keeper curriculum? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study is to present the methodology of developing the Kin Keeper Cancer Prevention Curriculum Guide and Workbook through participatory engagement of women from underserved communities.",
"It was developed to cross train community health workers (CHWs) from public health pr... | The methodology was validated; the curriculum was well-informed and CHWs were effectively cross trained using the curriculum. | yes |
19,837,544 | Is recovery from hind limb ischemia less effective in type 2 than in type 1 diabetic mice : roles of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and endothelial progenitor cells? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to directly compare the effects of type 1 and type 2 diabetes on postischemic neovascularization and evaluate the mechanisms underlying differences between these groups. We tested the hypothesis that type 2 diabetic mice have a greater reduction in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNO... | Type 2 diabetic mice displayed a significantly less effective response to hind limb ischemia than type 1 diabetic mice. | yes |
19,835,575 | Does the VEGF -634G > C promoter polymorphism is associate with risk of gastric cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Both TGF-beta1 and VEGF play a critic role in the multiple-step process of tumorgenesis of gastric cancer. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the TGFB1 and VEGF genes have been associated with risk and progression of many cancers. In this study, we investigated the association between pote... | Our data suggested that the VEGF-634G>C SNP may be a marker for susceptibility to gastric cancer, and this finding needs to be validated in larger studies. | yes |
19,841,301 | Does cC chemokine receptor-1 activate intimal smooth muscle-like cells in graft arterial disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Graft arterial disease (GAD) limits long-term solid-organ allograft survival. The thickened intima in GAD contains smooth muscle-like cells (SMLCs), leukocytes, and extracellular matrix. The intimal SMLCs in mouse GAD lesions differ from medial smooth muscle cells in their function and phenotype.... | These studies provide a novel mechanistic insight into the formation of vascular intimal hyperplasia and suggest a novel therapeutic strategy for preventing allograft arteriopathy. | yes |
19,864,885 | Is physical activity a determinant of circadian blood pressure variation in chronic kidney disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Circadian variation in blood pressure (BP), which is commonly blunted among patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), has been associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The causes of this blunted circadian variation remain incompletely understood.",
"We hypothesized that physical activ... | Physical activity is an independent determinant of circadian variation in BP. We speculate that among patients with CKD, a sedentary lifestyle, rather than non-dipping, mediates increased cardiovascular risk. | yes |
19,837,071 | Is famotidine inferior to pantoprazole in preventing recurrence of aspirin-related peptic ulcers or erosions? | {
"contexts": [
"Little is known about the efficacy of H(2)-receptor antagonists in preventing recurrence of aspirin-related peptic ulcers. We compared the efficacy of high-dose famotidine with that of pantoprazole in preventing recurrent symptomatic ulcers/erosions.",
"We performed a randomized, double-blind... | In patients with aspirin-related peptic ulcers/erosions, high-dose famotidine therapy is inferior to pantoprazole in preventing recurrent dyspeptic or bleeding ulcers/erosions. | yes |
19,853,100 | Does saddle shape of the mitral annulus reduce systolic strains on the P2 segment of the posterior mitral leaflet? | {
"contexts": [
"The three-dimensional saddle shape of the mitral annulus is well characterized in animals and humans, but the impact of annular nonplanarity on valve function or mechanics is poorly understood. In this study, we investigated the impact of the saddle shaped mitral annulus on the mechanics of the P... | Nonplanar shape of the mitral annulus significantly reduced the mechanical strains on the posterior leaflet during systolic valve closure. Reduction in strain in both the radial and circumferential directions may reduce loading on the suture lines and potentially improve repair durability, and also inhibit progression ... | yes |
19,839,522 | Do cHEK2 germline mutations correlate with recurrence rate in patients with superficial bladder cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Some bladder cancers can be the result of genetic predisposition or chromosomal abnormalities, but no clinical useful molecular marker exists to identify patients with higher risk ofrecurrence. We analyzed the recurrence rate in patients with three variants of tumor suppressor gene mutation, chec... | The results indicate that patients with CHEK2 mutation may present poorer clinical course with several recurrences of SBC. It also suggests a possible prognostic significance of CHEK2 analysis in identifying patients with higher risk of recurrence, which may imply more aggressive treatment modalities or necessity of mo... | yes |
19,861,310 | Does tubulin polymerization modify cardiac sodium channel expression and gating? | {
"contexts": [
"Treatment with the anticancer drug taxol (TXL), which polymerizes the cytoskeleton protein tubulin, may evoke cardiac arrhythmias based on reduced human cardiac sodium channel (Na(v)1.5) function. Therefore, we investigated whether enhanced tubulin polymerization by TXL affects Na(v)1.5 function ... | Enhanced tubulin polymerization reduces sarcolemmal Na(v)1.5 expression and I(Na) amplitude in a beta1-subunit-independent fashion and causes I(Na) fast and slow inactivation impairment in a beta1-subunit-dependent way. These changes may underlie conduction-slowing-dependent cardiac arrhythmias under conditions of enha... | yes |
19,854,759 | Are some sex hormone profiles consistent over time in normal menstruating women : implications for sports injury epidemiology? | {
"contexts": [
"It is unclear whether sex hormone profiles obtained in two consecutive months are consistent within women. Month-to-month consistency in daily, nadir, peak and mean hormone concentrations during the early follicular and luteal phases in recreationally active, young eumenorrheic women was prospect... | Hormone profiles were reproducible over two consecutive months. To reduce month-to-month intraindividual variations and improve measurement consistency, it is recommended that multiple samples be taken over consecutive days as opposed to a single sample. | yes |
19,861,299 | Do preoperative NT-proBNP and CRP predict perioperative major cardiovascular events in non-cardiac surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether simple and non-invasive measurement of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and/or C-reactive protein (CRP) can predict perioperative major cardiovascular event (PMCE).",
"Prospective, single-centre, cohort study.",
"A 1900-bed tertiary-care universi... | High preoperative NT-proBNP or CRP is a strong and independent predictor of perioperative major cardiovascular event in non-cardiac surgery. The predictive power of current clinical risk evaluation system would be strengthened by these biomarkers. | yes |
19,843,744 | Does cT colonography predictably overestimate colonic length and distance to polyps compared with optical colonoscopy? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine the discrepancy between CT colonography (CTC) and optical colonoscopy (OC) measurements for both anus-to-cecum length and anus-to-polyps distance and then determine whether a conversion factor could be generated to equate these CTC and OC distances.",
... | Anus-to-cecum and anus-to-polyp distances are disparate but comparable using a conversion factor of 0.57 for the CTC anus-to-cecum measurement and 0.59 for right-sided CTC anus-to-polyp or 0.78 for left-sided CTC anus-to-polyp measurements. These anus-to-polyp conversion factors could potentially augment current CTC gu... | yes |
19,853,943 | Is mechanism of lapatinib-mediated radiosensitization of breast cancer cells primarily by inhibition of the Raf > MEK > ERK mitogen-activated protein kinase cascade and radiosensitization of lapatinib-resistant cells restored by direct inhibition of MEK? | {
"contexts": [
"We recently showed that lapatinib, an EGFR/HER2 inhibitor, radiosensitized breast cancer cells of the basal and HER2+ subtypes. The purpose of this study was to identify the downstream signaling pathways responsible for lapatinib-mediated radiosensitization in breast cancer.",
"Response of EG... | These data suggest that radiosensitization by lapatinib is mediated largely through inhibition of MEK/ERK and that direct inhibition of this pathway may provide an additional avenue of radiosensitization in EGFR+ or HER2+ breast cancers. | yes |
19,838,638 | Does l-arginine reverse cigarette-induced reduction of fractional exhaled nitric oxide in asthmatic smokers? | {
"contexts": [
"Complex mechanisms regulate nitric oxide (NO) synthesis. Cigarette smoking decreases fractional exhaled NO (FE(NO)), while asthmatic inflammation increases FE(NO). To assess whether the smoking-induced decrease in FE(NO) levels was reversible, asthmatic and non-asthmatic smokers inhaled the NO sy... | In asthmatic smokers, L-arginine increases FE(NO) after cigarette smoking but not in non-asthmatic smokers. The decrease in FE(NO) after aminoguanidine and subsequent partial reversal by L-arginine in both groups, suggests that Type II NOS contributes to the FE(NO) in both. | yes |
19,836,804 | Is operator an independent predictor of detecting prostate cancer at transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated whether interoperator differences exist in the setting of prostate cancer detection by transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy. Our secondary aim was to investigate whether a learning curve exists for prostate cancer detection.",
"A prospective database from 2000 to 2008... | Significant differences in prostate cancer detection exist among operators who perform transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy even in the same setting. The volume of previously performed transrectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsies does not appear to influence the positive prostate cancer detection rate, nor ... | yes |
19,839,820 | Do elevated plasma levels of PAI-1 predict cardiovascular events and cardiovascular mortality in prevalent peritoneal dialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"Elevated plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels are associated with increased cardiovascular (CV) risk in the general population. It has been shown that peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients have increased plasma levels of PAI-1. The aim of this study was to investigate whether PAI-1 indepe... | Plasma levels of PAI-1 41 ng/mL is a significant predictor of CV mortality and CVEs in PD patients. | yes |
19,839,824 | Do metabolic factors and microinflammatory state promote kidney injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients? | {
"contexts": [
"This study examined the associations among the factors of metabolic syndrome, microinflammatory state, and kidney injury in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients.",
"A retrospective study was conducted on 914 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients from January 2007 to May 2008. We observed the prevale... | The abnormality of metabolic factors in type 2 diabetes mellitus had a close relationship to the microinflammatory state and chronic kidney disease. Hypertension and hyperlipidemia were independent factors of chronic kidney disease in type 2 diabetes mellitus. | yes |
19,846,141 | Does unilateral ureteral obstruction alter expression of acid-base transporters in rat kidney? | {
"contexts": [
"Unilateral ureteral obstruction is a common clinical problem that is often associated with a urinary acidification defect caused by decreased net H(+) secretion and/or HCO(3)(-) reabsorption. To clarify the molecular mechanisms of these defects we examined expression levels of key acid-base trans... | The expression of renal acid-base transporters is markedly decreased in the obstructed kidney, which may be responsible for the contribution of impaired renal H(+) excretion and HCO(3)(-) reabsorption to the urinary acidification defect in response to unilateral ureteral obstruction. | yes |
19,846,148 | Is functional transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 expressed in human urothelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the expression and functional status of TRPV1 receptor in human urothelial cells.",
"Human urothelium was cultured and TRPV1 receptor expression was studied by immunocytochemistry and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction. The influence of inflammatory mediators on T... | TRPV1 receptors expressed by human urothelial cells respond to capsaicin and thermal stimuli. Capsaicin evoked release of adenosine triphosphate suggests that human urothelial TRPV1 is involved in the afferent branch of the micturition reflex. Inflammatory mediators decrease the TRPV1 thermal threshold of activation to... | yes |
19,865,485 | Do mice chronically fed high-fat diet have increased mortality and disturbed immune response in sepsis? | {
"contexts": [
"Sepsis is a potentially deadly disease that often is caused by gram-positive bacteria, in particular Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). As there are few effective therapies for sepsis, increased basic knowledge about factors predisposing is needed.",
"The purpose of this study was to study th... | Our findings imply that chronic HFD disturb several innate immune functions in mice, and impairs the ability to clear S. aureus and survive sepsis. | yes |
19,848,361 | Do sleep stage dynamics differ between children with and without obstructive sleep apnea? | {
"contexts": [
"Analysis of sleep dynamics--distributions of contiguous sleep and sleep stage durations--reveal exponential distributions and potential clinical utility in adults. We sought to examine these polysomnographic variables for the first time in children, and in the context of childhood sleep disordere... | Durations of uninterrupted sleep and specific sleep stages appear to follow exponential distributions in children with or without SDB. Parameters that describe these distributions--particularly mean duration of stage 2 sleep periods--may provide useful additions to standard sleep stage analyses. | yes |
19,863,580 | Do antiepileptic drugs combined with high-frequency electrical stimulation in the ventral hippocampus modify pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of high-frequency electrical stimulation (HFS) in both ventral hippocampi, alone and combined with a subeffective dose of antiepileptic drugs, during the status epilepticus (SE) induced by lithium-pilocarpine (LP).",
"Male Wistar rats, stereotactically implanted in bot... | Subeffective doses of antiepileptic drugs that increase the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic neurotransmission may represent a therapeutic tool to augment the HFS-induced anticonvulsant effects. | yes |
19,857,409 | Is urinalysis reliable to detect a urinary tract infection in febrile infants presenting to the ED? | {
"contexts": [
"Urinary tract infections are a common source of serious bacterial infections in febrile infants younger than 2 years. Our objective was to compare urinalysis with urine culture in the emergency department evaluation of febrile infants.",
"A febrile infant registry was instituted at a tertiary... | Urinalysis is not reliable for the detection of urinary tract infections in febrile infants when compared with urine cultures. | no |
19,835,719 | Are implanon users less likely to be satisfied with their contraception after 6 months than IUD users? | {
"contexts": [
"The study was conducted to perform a direct comparison of the satisfaction of intrauterine device (IUD) users and Implanon users after 6 months.",
"Women were recruited to this study in the contraception clinics of Southern Health and Family Planning Victoria. Each woman completed a questionn... | IUD users reported a higher level of satisfaction than did Implanon users at 6 months. Side effects in women using IUDs and Implanon are common. The range of likely side effects should be included in counseling women about long-term reversible contraception. | yes |
19,847,303 | Is anemia of inflammation related to cognitive impairment among children in Leyte , the Philippines? | {
"contexts": [
"Many studies have addressed the relationship between iron deficiency anemia (IDA) and cognitive impairment, but none have evaluated the role of non-iron deficiency anemia (NIDA). One of the main causes of NIDA in developing countries is AI, largely due to infectious diseases, whereby iron is shun... | NIDA, predominantly due to AI in this context, was related to lower performance on two tests of cognitive function. This is likely due to decreased delivery of iron to host tissues in this context, including the CNS. | yes |
19,847,308 | Does hypoxia transiently sequester mps1 and polo to collagenase-sensitive filaments in Drosophila prometaphase oocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"The protein kinases Mps1 and Polo, which are required for proper cell cycle regulation in meiosis and mitosis, localize to numerous ooplasmic filaments during prometaphase in Drosophila oocytes. These filaments first appear throughout the oocyte at the end of prophase and are disassembled after e... | These findings identify both a novel cellular structure (the ooplasmic filaments) as well as a new localization pattern for Mps1 and Polo and demonstrate that hypoxia affects Polo localization in Drosophila. | yes |
19,862,499 | Does the endothelin receptor antagonist avosentan ameliorate nephropathy and atherosclerosis in diabetic apolipoprotein E knockout mice? | {
"contexts": [
"There is convincing evidence that the endothelin system contributes to diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular disease. This study aimed to assess the effects of the non-peptidergic endothelin receptor A (ETA) antagonist avosentan in a mouse model of accelerated diabetic nephropathy and atheroscl... | This study demonstrates that ETA blockade with avosentan may provide an alternate therapeutic strategy for the treatment of diabetic micro- and macrovascular complications. | yes |
19,840,396 | Are plasma protein C levels in immunocompromised septic patients significantly lower than immunocompetent septic patients : a prospective cohort study? | {
"contexts": [
"Activated Protein C [APC] improves outcome in immunocompetent patients with severe sepsis particularly in those who are perceived to have high mortality risk. Before embarking on a trial of APC administration in immunocompromised septic patients, a preliminary study on plasma levels of protein C ... | Protein C levels were significantly lower in immunocompromised patients when compared to immunocompetent patients in severe sepsis and sepsis categories. Our study suggests a plausible role for APC in severely septic immunocompromised patients which need further elucidation. | yes |
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