pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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12,552,197 | Does isoflurane alter energy substrate metabolism to preserve mechanical function in isolated rat hearts following prolonged no-flow hypothermic storage? | {
"contexts": [
"Isoflurane enhances mechanical function in hearts subject to normothermic global or regional ischemia. The authors examined the effectiveness of isoflurane in preserving mechanical function in hearts subjected to cardioplegic arrest and prolonged hypothermic no-flow storage. The role of isofluran... | Isoflurane provides additive protection of hearts subject to cardioplegic arrest and prolonged hypothermic no-flow storage and favorably alters energy substrate metabolism by modulating glycolysis during ischemia. The effects of isoflurane preconditioning on glycolysis during hypothermic no-flow storage appears to be a... | yes |
12,552,196 | Is hepatic ischemia associated with an increase in liver parenchyma nitric oxide that is in part enzyme-independent? | {
"contexts": [
"Nitric oxide (NO) might be involved in liver response to local ischemia-reperfusion injury.",
"A specific NO-sensitive electrode was inserted into liver parenchyma of anesthetized rabbits. After a 45-min period of stable NO signal, the vascular pedicle of the caudal lobe of the liver was clam... | Nitric oxide is present in liver parenchyma, and its generation is dramatically affected by an ischemia injury. The increased NO generation during local ischemia is, at least in part, independent of NO synthases. | yes |
12,552,191 | Does cardiopulmonary bypass decrease G protein-coupled receptor kinase activity and expression in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been implicated in the development of organ injury associated with cardiac surgery. At the molecular level, CPB is accompanied by a pronounced proinflammatory response including an increase in plasma interleukin (IL)-6. The IL-6 has been shown to be increased in r... | The CPB causes a profound decrease in mononuclear cell GRKs, and the recovery of these kinases on POD1 is quite variable. The significance of the variable recovery of GRKs after CPB and their potential role as a marker of clinical outcome deserves further investigation. | yes |
12,552,199 | Does isoflurane decrease ATP sensitivity of guinea pig cardiac sarcolemmal KATP channel at reduced intracellular pH? | {
"contexts": [
"Volatile anesthetics can protect the myocardium against ischemic injury by opening the adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-sensitive potassium (K(atp)) channels. However, direct evidence for anesthetic-channel interaction is still limited, and little is known about the role K(atp) channel modulators pla... | Changes in pHi appear to modulate isoflurane interaction with the cardiac K(atp) channel. At pHi 6.8, which itself facilitates channel opening, isoflurane enhances channel activity by increasing Po and reduces sensitivity to inhibition by ATP without changing the unitary amplitude of single channel current or the condu... | yes |
12,553,399 | Does restoration of teeth with more-viscous glass ionomer cement following radiation-induced caries? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the suitability of more-viscous conventional restorative glass ionomer cements (GICs) in a high-caries risk group of patients.",
"Fifteen adult patients with radiation-induced caries were treated at a dental hospital by one dentist. Two encapsulated aesthetic GICs were used in each ... | In these high-caries risk patients the placement of more-viscous GICs appeared to prevent secondary caries, even when the restorations were subsequently lost. | yes |
12,553,053 | Is a novel gene containing PDZ and LIM domains , PCD1 , overexpressed in human colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The process of colorectal cancer development involves accumulated genetic alterations affecting APC, K-ras and p53. A recently identified gene, PCD1, was reported to be up-regulated in human malignancies including colorectal cancers, but relationships between PCD1 gene expression and clinicopatho... | The PCD1 gene may play a role in colorectal cancer development from adenomas. | yes |
12,548,223 | Does relaxin cause proliferation of human amniotic epithelium by stimulation of insulin-like growth factor-II? | {
"contexts": [
"The study was conducted to determine whether relaxin has a proliferative effect on amniotic epithelial cells and to show that this effect is caused by its stimulation of the insulin-like growth factor-II (IGF-II) gene.",
"Immunolocalization and Northern analysis were used to confirm the expre... | IGF-II and relaxin both caused the proliferation of WISH cells. Concurrent treatment with an IGF-II-blocking antibody abrogated the proliferative effects of both hormones. Relaxin increased the transcription of IGF-II, and its expression levels in the fetal membranes correlated with the membrane surface area as well as... | yes |
12,548,226 | Does dexamethasone or interleukin-10 block interleukin-1beta-induced uterine contractions in pregnant rhesus monkeys? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether treatment with the immune modulators dexamethasone or interleukin-10 prevents interleukin-1beta-induced uterine contractions in a nonhuman primate model.",
"Thirteen chronically instrumented rhesus monkeys at 135 +/- 1 days of gestation (term... | Dexamethasone and interleukin-10 exert similar inhibitory effects on interleukin-1beta-induced uterine activity, which appears to be mediated by a decrease in prostaglandin production. Reduced estrogen biosynthesis or suppression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha and leukocyte migration may contribute to the tocolytic act... | yes |
12,557,149 | Does telomerase reconstitution immortalize human fetal hepatocytes without disrupting their differentiation potential? | {
"contexts": [
"The availability of in vitro expandable human hepatocytes would greatly advance liver-directed cell therapies. Therefore, we examined whether human fetal hepatocytes are amenable to telomerase-mediated immortalization without inducing a transformed phenotype and disrupting their differentiation p... | Reconstitution of telomerase activity induces indefinite replication in human fetal hepatocytes and offers unique opportunities for examining basic biologic mechanisms and for considering development of stable cell lines for liver-directed therapies. | yes |
12,557,142 | Do peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma ligands suppress colon carcinogenesis induced by azoxymethane in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) is known to regulate growth arrest and terminal differentiation of adipocytes and is used clinically as a new class of antidiabetic drugs. Recently, several studies have reported that treatment of cancer cells with PPARgamma ligands ind... | Our findings indicate that PPARgamma ligands are indeed potential chemopreventive agents for colon carcinogenesis. | yes |
12,557,146 | Does gastric electrical stimulation with short pulses reduce vomiting but not dysrhythmias in dogs? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate the acute effects of 3 different methods of electrical stimulation in the prevention of vasopressin-induced emetic response and gastric dysrhythmias.",
"Seven female hound dogs chronically implanted with 4 pairs of electrodes on gastric serosa were use... | Long-pulse stimulation normalizes vasopressin-induced slow wave abnormalities with no improvement in vomiting and behaviors suggestive of nausea. Short-pulse stimulation and electroacupuncture prevent vomiting and behaviors suggestive of nausea induced by vasopressin but have no effects on slow waves, and their effects... | yes |
12,557,145 | Does bacteroides fragilis enterotoxin induce c-Myc expression and cellular proliferation? | {
"contexts": [
"Enterotoxigenic Bacteroides fragilis that secrete a zinc-dependent metalloprotease toxin termed the B. fragilis toxin (BFT) have been associated with acute diarrheal disease. BFT rapidly cleaves the extracellular domain of E-cadherin, leading to the complete degradation of the E-cadherin protein.... | To our knowledge, BFT is the first bacterial toxin reported to activate T-cell factor-dependent beta-catenin nuclear signaling in intestinal epithelial cells. These results suggest that genetic evolution of this common colonic commensal has rendered an organism with the potential to contribute to oncogenic transformati... | yes |
12,538,372 | Does parecoxib sodium have opioid-sparing effects in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty under spinal anaesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"This multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled study compared the opioid-sparing effectiveness and clinical safety of parecoxib sodium over 48 h, in 195 postoperative patients after routine total knee replacement surgery.",
"Elective total primary knee arthroplasty was performed under spi... | Parecoxib sodium provides opioid-sparing analgesic effects in postoperative patients. | yes |
12,559,278 | Does extent of surgery and pathology evaluation have an impact on bladder cancer outcomes after radical cystectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether the extent of surgery and of the pathology evaluation affects the outcome of patients with bladder cancer after radical cystectomy.",
"The data from 637 patients with invasive bladder cancer who underwent radical cystectomy and pelvic lymph node dissection were analyzed. A... | The extent of surgery and of the pathology evaluation has an impact on the outcome of patients with bladder cancer after cystectomy. Such information is important not only for therapy and the prognosis of individuals, but also for identifying candidates for adjuvant chemotherapy. | yes |
12,546,782 | Do phylogenetic analyses of diplomonad genes reveal frequent lateral gene transfers affecting eukaryotes? | {
"contexts": [
"Lateral gene transfer (LGT) is an important evolutionary mechanism among prokaryotes. The situation in eukaryotes is less clear; the human genome sequence failed to give strong support for any recent transfers from prokaryotes to vertebrates, yet a number of LGTs from prokaryotes to protists (uni... | Our study shows that LGT is a significant evolutionary mechanism among diplomonads in particular and protists in general. These findings provide insights into the evolution of biochemical pathways in early eukaryote evolution and have important implications for studies of eukaryotic genome evolution and organismal rela... | yes |
12,554,128 | Does aG-041R stimulate cartilage matrix synthesis without promoting terminal differentiation in rat articular chondrocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"AG-041R, a novel indolin-2-one derivative, has recently been demonstrated to induce systemic hyaline cartilage hyperplasia in rats. The aim of this study was to characterize its anabolic actions on chondrocytes.",
"Chondrocytes were isolated from knee joints of 5-week-old SD rats. Effects of ... | AG-041R stimulates cartilage matrix synthesis without promoting terminal differentiation in rat articular chondrocytes, which is mediated at least in part by endogenous BMPs and Erk. The data demonstrates that AG-041R has a potential to be a useful therapeutic agent for articular cartilage disorders. | yes |
12,552,477 | Are peripheral and central arterial haemodynamic interactions early abnormalities in young male cigarette smokers? | {
"contexts": [
"smoking, result in endothelial dysfunction and this affects systemic and local haemodynamics. The aim was to assess interactions of the left ventricle and arterial system of smokers at baseline and after a physiological stimulus--the cold pressor test (CPT) which causes a sympathetically driven v... | baseline ventriculo-vascular dynamics, are abnormal as was the evoked response to CPT. The blunted blood pressure increase of smokers compared to controls following CPT, may represent altered nitric oxide production in the macro and microcirculation through differential upregulation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase... | yes |
12,540,150 | Do effectiveness of a medical priority dispatch protocol for abdominal pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Medical Priority Dispatch System (MPDS) protocols are used to determine the appropriate level of emergency medical services (EMS) response that is sent to care for patients in the prehospital setting. The objective of this study was to determine the proportion of patients with abdominal pain who ... | Use of age- and gender-specific MPDS protocols for patients with a chief complaint of abdominal pain results in significant overtriage and overuse of ALS. Steps should be taken to develop key questions that provide more accurate classification of these patients that goes beyond age and gender classification alone. | yes |
12,552,500 | Do why patients with ESRD select self-care dialysis as a treatment option? | {
"contexts": [
"In-center hemodialysis is the most prevalent (and resource-intense) form of dialysis in North America despite many patients being capable of performing dialysis themselves. The purpose of this study is to describe reasons in-center hemodialysis patients choose not to perform self-care dialysis an... | This study identified a variety of barriers to self-care dialysis, and these results are being used to direct changes to our program aimed at increasing the uptake of self-care hemodialysis, which we believe will benefit both patients and health care providers and may offer a solution to nursing and resource shortages. | no |
12,552,505 | Is preexisting intimal hyperplasia of radial artery associated with early failure of radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula in hemodialysis patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The radiocephalic arteriovenous fistula (AVF), which provides the best vascular access for hemodialysis, continues to have a high incidence of early failure. Intimal hyperplasia (IH) of the radial artery is observed commonly in uremic patients before hemodialysis, but the impact of this preexisti... | This study suggests that early failure of radiocephalic AVFs in hemodialysis patients is closely associated with preexisting IH of the radial artery. | yes |
12,549,601 | Does 3-0 methylglucose absorption in vivo correlate with nutrient absorption and intestinal surface area in experimental short bowel syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Inert carbohydrate probes are widely used to study intestinal permeability and examine the passive uptake of markers. This study examined the use of quantifying 3-0 methylglucose (3-0 MG) absorption as a marker of intestinal surface area and active nutrient transport capability.",
"Using a ra... | 3-0 MG absorption is a useful marker of functional intestinal surface area and of the absorption of dietary fat and protein in experimental SBS. 3-0 MG may be a useful marker of nutrient absorptive capacity in patients with SBS; further study is indicated. | yes |
12,553,884 | Are changes in the 5-HT2A receptor system in the pre-mammillary hypothalamus of the ewe related to regulation of LH pulsatile secretion by an endogenous circannual rhythm? | {
"contexts": [
"We wanted to determine if changes in the expression of serotonin 2A receptor (5HT2A receptor) gene in the premammillary hypothalamus are associated with changes in reproductive neuroendocrine status. Thus, we compared 2 groups of ovariectomized-estradiol-treated ewes that expressed high vs low LH... | We conclude that these higher 5HT2A receptor gene expression and binding activity of 5HT2A receptor in the premammillary hypothalamus are associated with stimulation of LH pulsatility expressed before the development of refractoriness to short days and prior to the decline of reproductive neuroendocrine activity during... | yes |
12,544,792 | Do hydroxyapatite orbital implant vascularization assessed by magnetic resonance imaging? | {
"contexts": [
"To report hydroxyapatite (HA) implant enhancement patterns on magnetic resonance (MR) images at varying time intervals after implantation.",
"We retrospectively reviewed the records of 45 consecutive patients(from one author's practice) who underwent an MR imaging study 2 to 157 months after ... | This study demonstrated consistent central HA orbital implant enhancement on MR imaging in the 9- to 15-week group and the >31-week postoperative group. HA orbital implant drilling and peg placement should be performed after central vascularization of the spherical implant has occurred. The results of this study suppor... | yes |
12,528,027 | Does intensive care information system reduce documentation time of the nurses after cardiothoracic surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Nowadays, registration of patient data on paper is gradually being replaced by registration using an intensive care information system (ICIS). The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of the use of an ICIS on nursing activity.",
"Randomized controlled trial with a crossover design.",
... | The use of the present ICIS in patients after cardiothoracic surgery alters nursing activity; it reduces the time for documentation and increases the time devoted to patient care. | yes |
12,528,020 | Does end-expiratory lung impedance change enable bedside monitoring of end-expiratory lung volume change? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to investigate the effect of lung volume changes on end-expiratory lung impedance change (ELIC) in mechanically ventilated patients, since we hypothesized that ELIC may be a suitable parameter to monitor lung volume change at the bedside.",
"Clinical trial on patients... | EIT is a simple bedside technique which enables monitor lung volume changes during ventilatory manoeuvres such as PEEP changes. | yes |
12,544,312 | Do prostate biopsy culture findings of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome differ from those of healthy controls? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous reports have identified bacteria in the prostate of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. To examine whether prostatic bacteria are more prevalent among patients with chronic pelvic pain syndrome than among those without pelvic pain, we compared 4-glass urine test and prostate biopsy re... | Bacteria cultured from transperineal prostatic biopsies do not differ between men with and without chronic pelvic pain syndrome. Prostatic bacteria obtained by biopsy are probably not etiologically related to the symptoms in the majority of men with chronic pelvic pain syndrome. | no |
12,532,158 | Is insulin resistance but not visceral adipose tissue associated with plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 levels in overweight and obese premenopausal African-American women? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1) levels and to examine the association of PAI-1 with visceral adiposity and other components of the metabolic syndrome in overweight and obese premenopausal African-American (AA) and Caucasian (CC) women.",
"Cross-sectional study... | VAT is significantly associated with circulating PAI-1 levels in overweight and obese CC but not AA premenopausal women. | yes |
12,554,602 | Does chronic ethanol consumption modulate myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury in murine AIDS? | {
"contexts": [
"The severity of cardiovascular complications in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) patients may be associated with acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury. Epidemiological studies suggest that moderate ethanol consumption has myocardial protective effects. However, it is unknown if chronic eth... | Our results indicate that multiple deleterious effects may enhance acute ischaemia-reperfusion injury in murine AIDS. The beneficial effects of chronic ethanol consumption in myocardial ischaemia-reperfusion injury may be due to modulation of neutrophil adhesion molecule expression and cytokine secretion. | yes |
12,527,241 | Do surface EMG electrodes accurately record from lumbar multifidus muscles? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated whether electromyographic signals recorded from the skin surface overlying the multifidus muscles could be used to quantify their activity.",
"Comparison of electromyography signals recorded from electrodes on the back surface and from wire electrodes within four diffe... | Accurate measurement of multifidus muscle activity requires intra-muscular electrodes. | no |
12,553,952 | Are carotenoids decreased in biopsies from colorectal adenomas? | {
"contexts": [
"A lower intake of carotenoids is associated with an increased risk of colorectal cancer. In order to take advantage of the chemopreventive properties of carotenoids, it is necessary to determine carotenoid concentration at the target tissue. As early stages in the adenoma-carcinoma sequence of co... | All carotenoids investigated are reduced in colorectal adenomas, suggesting that mucosal carotenoids could serve as biomarkers for predisposition to colorectal cancer. Moreover, anti-tumor activity exerted by carotenoids is limited due to mucosal depletion. We speculate that supplementation of a larger array of caroten... | yes |
12,542,563 | Does a targeted approach significantly increase the identification rate of patients with undiagnosed haemochromatosis? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the optimal means of identifying patients with undiagnosed haemochromatosis.",
"Case-control study where cases are defined by the presence of specific clinical diagnoses or symptoms.",
"Primary care patients were recruited from three Oxfordshire practices and secondary care p... | Patients presenting to hospital clinics with haemochromatosis associated conditions should be screened biochemically for iron overload. Only those with a serum ferritin >300 microg L-1 or Tsat >40% should subsequently go on to be genotyped for HFE mutations. The patients at greatest risk of having undiagnosed haemochro... | yes |
12,542,562 | Are phospholipid and cholesteryl ester transfer increased in lipoprotein lipase deficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"Phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) and cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) are key enzymes in lipoprotein metabolism by mediating the transfer and exchange of phospholipids (PL) and neutral lipids between lipoproteins. Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) deficiency is associated with low HDL-cholest... | In conclusion, PL and CE transfer are increased in LPL deficiency and thus, partly explain low HDL-levels in LPL-deficient subjects. Enhanced transfer seems rather to be the result of altered lipoprotein composition and concentration than altered enzyme activity. Our findings on mechanisms leading to low HDL-C levels m... | yes |
12,537,211 | Is increased S100B in blood after cardiac surgery a powerful predictor of late mortality? | {
"contexts": [
"Long-term outcome in patients who suffered stroke after undergoing a cardiac operation has been investigated sparingly, but increased long-term mortality has been reported. S100B is a biochemical marker of brain cell ischemia and blood-brain barrier dysfunction. The aim of this investigation was ... | Even slightly elevated S100B values in blood 2 days after cardiac operation imply a bad prognosis for outcome, and especially so in combination with any central nervous system complication. | yes |
12,537,215 | Does direct compression of the failing heart reestablish maximal mechanical efficiency? | {
"contexts": [
"In failing hearts, homeostatic mechanisms contrive to maximize stroke work and maintain normal arterial blood pressure at the expense of energetic efficiency. In contrast dobutamine reestablishes maximal mechanical efficiency by promoting energetically optimal loading conditions. However, dobutam... | We conclude that direct cardiac compression restores mechanical efficiency to normal maximum without wasting energy on additional nonmechanical activity. | yes |
12,537,214 | Does deferoxamine enhance neovascularization and recovery of ischemic skeletal muscle in an experimental sheep model? | {
"contexts": [
"Iron chelators have been reported to interfere with inflammatory cells and possibly enhance vascular growth factor expression. The objective of this study was to investigate the efficacy of the iron chelator deferoxamine mesylate in preventing skeletal muscle ischemia.",
"The latissimus dorsi... | Local application of deferoxamine mesylate enhances neovascularization and recovery of surgically induced skeletal muscle ischemia in a sheep model. | yes |
12,544,652 | Do eighty-four hours of sustained operations alter thermoregulation during cold exposure? | {
"contexts": [
"PURPOSE; This study examined the effects of short-term (3.5 d) sustained military operations (SUSOPS) on thermoregulatory responses to cold stress.",
"Ten men (22.8 +/- 1.4 yr) were assessed during a cold-air test (CAT) after a control week (control) and again after an 84-h SUSOPS (sleep = 2 ... | These results indicate that sustained (84-h) military operations leads to greater declines in core temperature, due to either a lag in the initial shivering response or heat redistribution secondary to an insulative acclimation. | yes |
12,530,051 | Is multifocality of renal cell tumors a factor to consider before performing a partial nephrectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"We conducted a retrospective analysis of radical nephrectomies performed in our clinic in order to evaluate the incidence of multifocality in relation to the stage, grade, size and histological type.",
"Preoperative imaging studies and the final pathological results of surgical specimens were... | Although partial nephrectomies are justified from their survival rates, close follow-up is necessary because separate primary tumors may still exist in the kidney, left behind, irrespective of tumor size. | yes |
12,545,085 | Are dual infections with HIV-1 , HIV-2 and HTLV-I more common in older women than in men in Guinea-Bissau? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the association between the three human retroviruses, HIV-1, HIV-2 and HTLV-I.",
"Community-based follow-up studies of retrovirus infections in two cohorts.",
"A total of 2057 individuals aged 35 years and over were eligible for inclusion. Participants were interviewed and ... | The pattern of increased prevalence among older women could have public health implications; women of older age groups should be regarded as a potential vulnerable group and included in HIV/AIDS prevention programmes. | yes |
12,556,386 | Is the corneal stroma endowed with a significant number of resident dendritic cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Dendritic cells (DCs) comprise a system of highly efficient antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that initiate immune responses. The purpose of this study was to examine the normal stroma for the presence of DCs and other bone marrow (BM)-derived cells.",
"Normal uninflamed corneas of BALB/c and o... | This study demonstrates that, in addition to the known Langerhans cells in the corneal epithelium, at least three BM-derived cell subsets reside in the normal corneal stroma. | yes |
12,544,516 | Is nocturnal penile tumescence diminished but not ablated in postproctectomy impotence? | {
"contexts": [
"We aimed to assess objectively the integrity of the parasympathetic neural pathway that controls the inflow choke vessels to the corpora cavernosa in a group of male patients with postproctectomy erectile dysfunction.",
"The study group was male patients with erectile dysfunction after procte... | Nocturnal penile tumescence activity is diminished but not ablated by the trauma of surgical dissection. This suggests that some of the cavernous nerves that govern inflow to the corpora cavernosa are intact after surgery and that the nerve lesion responsible for erectile dysfunction is partial, and it explains why the... | yes |
12,546,084 | Is elevation of arterial potassium during acute systemic hypoxia abolished by alkalosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Small elevations in plasma potassium evoke vasodilation in the peripheral circulation. Systemic hypoxia elevates arterial potassium and also modifies arterial pH.",
"We examined the interaction between pH and potassium in blood during systemic hypoxia and the effect of pH on the uptake/releas... | The hypoxia-induced elevation of arterial potassium is abolished by increasing the pH to 7.55. This is not due to enhanced potassium uptake into peripheral tissues at high pH. Red blood cells are suggested as the most likely source of the potassium released in hypoxia. | yes |
12,534,525 | Do ocular complication of PhotoDerm VL therapy for facial port-wine stain? | {
"contexts": [
"A case of focal damage to the iris with distortion of the pupil secondary to PhotoDerm therapy in a 2-year-old boy is reported.",
"To study ocular complication of photoDerm VL therapy for facial port-wine stain. METHODS. : Observatory case report.",
"PhotoDerm VL therapy may damage ocular... | Appropriate protection during the procedure is essential. | yes |
12,553,049 | Is a proapoptotic caspase recruitment domain protein gene , TMS1 , hypermethylated in human breast and gastric cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"Conway et al. demonstrated that methylation of the proapoptotic gene, TMS1, was observed in breast cancer cell lines and tissues, resulting in decreased TMS1 gene transcription. However, whether the TMS1 gene is hypermethylated in other cancers is uncertain.",
"The expression of TMS1 mRNA was... | These results suggest a direct role for aberrant methylation of the TMS1 gene in the progression of breast and gastric cancer involving down-regulation of the proapoptotic TMS1 gene. | yes |
12,553,044 | Is hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha and 2 alpha expression independent of anemia in patients with stage I endometrial cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate whether anemia, a putative factor counteracting the efficacy of radiotherapy, up-regulates the endogenous markers of intratumoral hypoxia, the hypoxia inducible factors HIF1 alpha and HIF2 alpha.",
"Forty-two hysterectomy specimens harboring endometrial adenocarcinomas of the e... | Activation of hypoxia pathways is an intrinsic self-regulated process, independent of Hb levels in endometrial adenocarcinomas. Other factors such as microvessel density (MVD), vessel/tumor cell distance or genetic events may be important. | yes |
12,552,360 | Is buspirone-induced antinociception mediated by L-type calcium channels and calcium/caffeine-sensitive pools in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies have shown that buspirone, a partial 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist, produces antinociceptive effects in rats and mice; Ca(2+) plays a critical role as a second messenger in mediating nociceptive transmission. 5-HT(1A) receptors have been proven to be coupled functionally with various... | Decreasing neuronal Ca(2+) levels potentiated buspirone-induced antinociception; conversely, increasing intracellular Ca(2+) abolished the antinociceptive effects of buspirone. These results suggest that Ca(2+) influx from extracellular fluid and release of Ca(2+) from Ca(2+)/caffeine-sensitive microsomal pools may be ... | yes |
12,557,150 | Does delivery of matrix metalloproteinase-1 attenuate established liver fibrosis in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"During hepatic fibrogenesis, the hepatic extracellular matrix changes to fibrillar collagens types I and III, and cirrhosis is believed to produce an irreversible scar. In this study, we investigated whether gene delivery of human matrix metalloproteinase-1, which degrades collagens types I and t... | Our findings show that transient human matrix metalloproteinase-1 overexpression in the liver effectively attenuates established fibrosis and induces hepatocyte proliferation. | yes |
12,557,151 | Does antiproliferative property of sphingosine 1-phosphate in rat hepatocytes involve activation of Rho via Edg-5? | {
"contexts": [
"Sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P), a ligand for G protein-coupled endothelial differentiation gene-1 (Edg-1), Edg-3, Edg-5, Edg-6, and Edg-8, elicits a variety of responses by cells. Prominent among these is cell proliferation. S1P is abundantly stored in platelets and released upon their activation,... | S1P has an antiproliferative property in rat hepatocytes by activating Rho via Edg-5. Our results raise the possibility that S1P is a negative regulator in liver regeneration. | yes |
12,530,018 | Does bicalutamide dose-dependently inhibit proliferation in human prostatic carcinoma cell lines and primary cultures? | {
"contexts": [
"Androgen antagonists inhibit prostatic cell proliferation in normal and pathological conditions and are useful antitumor agents in prostatic carcinoma (PCa). Bicalutamide (BCLT) is a well-known non-steroidal antiandrogenic agent able to interfere with androgen receptor (AR). We tested the efficac... | BCLT, which inhibits growth in both human PCa cell lines and PCa primary cultures from patients with medium and low-grade tumors, deserves attention as a potential widely effective antiandrogenic monotherapy in prostatic carcinoma. However, its efficacy in AR-negative cells requires further research. | yes |
12,541,224 | Are mR findings of collateral circulation more accurate measures of hemodynamic significance than arm-leg blood pressure gradient after repair of coarctation of the aorta? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relationship between percent stenosis and three indicators of hemodynamic significance-arm-leg blood pressure gradient, direct visualization of collaterals, and percent increase flow from proximal to distal descending thoracic aorta-in patients with prior repair of coarctation of... | The arm-leg blood pressure gradient is not a reliable indicator of hemodynamic significance of restenosis in patients with prior repair of CoA. Direct visualization of collateral vessels by MRA and percent increase in flow from proximal to distal descending thoracic aorta are reliable indicators of hemodynamic signific... | yes |
12,540,413 | Do diet in midpuberty and sedentary activity in prepuberty predict peak bone mass? | {
"contexts": [
"An average daily calcium intake of 1300 mg is recommended for North American adolescents aged 9-18 y. However, questions remain about these recommendations.",
"We assessed whether there is a stage of puberty when dietary calcium is more strongly related to peak bone mass, as indicated by youn... | Interventions should focus on ensuring adequate calcium intake in midpuberty and on minimizing sedentariness in prepuberty. | yes |
12,540,412 | Does inhibition of lipolysis improve insulin sensitivity in protease inhibitor-treated HIV-infected men with fat redistribution? | {
"contexts": [
"Fatty acid concentrations are increased in patients with HIV and fat redistribution and may contribute to insulin resistance in this population.",
"We determined the effects of acute inhibition of lipolysis on insulin sensitivity in HIV-infected patients with fat redistribution who were recei... | Acute inhibition of lipolysis and reduction in fatty acid concentrations are associated with improved insulin sensitivity in patients with HIV lipodystrophy and hyperinsulinemia. Further studies are needed to determine whether long-term antilipolytic strategies to reduce fatty acid concentrations may be useful in treat... | yes |
12,550,814 | Does radiofrequency treatment weaken the fatigue characteristics of rabbit anterior cruciate ligament? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the radiofrequency treatment applied to an intact anterior cruciate ligament, and to quantify the mechanical effects of controlled cyclic loading (simulating activities of daily living) post-treatment.",
"An in vitro radiofrequency energy application to the rabbit anterior cruciat... | Using radiofrequency treatment makes rabbit anterior cruciate ligament weaker following cyclic loading. | yes |
12,538,381 | Does sevoflurane anaesthesia induce the formation of sister chromatid exchanges in peripheral blood lymphocytes of children? | {
"contexts": [
"Compound A, a degradation product of sevoflurane, has been demonstrated to induce sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) in Chinese hamster ovary cells in vitro as a marker for possible genotoxicity. We investigated the formation of SCE in mitogen-stimulated T-lymphocytes of 40 children undergoing sevo... | Short-term administration of sevoflurane anaesthesia did not induce SCE in T-lymphocytes of children. No indication for a possible genotoxic effect has been observed. | no |
12,534,909 | Do hydrogen-potassium ATPase inhibitors induce relaxation on rabbit prostatic strips in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the relaxant effect of omeprazole and lansaprazole, hydrogen-potassium (H+-K+) ATPase inhibitors, on rabbit prostatic tissue in vitro.",
"Male New Zealand white rabbits were sacrificed and their prostatic tissues were removed. The prostatic stromal strips were mounted in organ ba... | Omeprazole and lansaprazole cause a relaxation in prostatic stromal tissue precontracted with phenyephrine, carbachol and KC1 in vitro. This relaxant effect is independent of H+-K+ ATPase inhibition. Additionally, cyclooxygenase and nitric oxide pathways do not contribute to this relaxant effect. Further studies are re... | yes |
12,547,860 | Are low birth weight and high birth weight infants both at an increased risk to have type 2 diabetes among schoolchildren in taiwan? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of birth weight on risk of type 2 diabetes in the schoolchildren in Taiwan.",
"From 1992 to 1997, all schoolchildren aged 6-18 years were screened for diabetes in Taiwan Province. This cohort consisted of 1,966 patients with diabetes and 1,780 randomly selected subjects wi... | A U-shaped relationship between birth weight and risk of type 2 diabetes was found in the schoolchildren aged 6-18 years in Taiwan. Schoolchildren with type 2 diabetes who were born with low birth weight had different metabolic phenotypes compared with those born with high birth weight. | yes |
12,547,868 | Are short-term , delayed , and working memory impaired during hypoglycemia in individuals with type 1 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the effects of acute insulin-induced hypoglycemia on short-term, delayed, and working memory in individuals with type 1 diabetes.",
"A hyperinsulinemic glucose clamp was used to maintain arterialized blood glucose level at either 4.5 mmol/l (euglycemia) or 2.5 mmol/l (hypoglycemia)... | All of the memory systems examined in the present study were affected significantly by acute hypoglycemia, particularly working memory and delayed memory. Mild (self-treated) hypoglycemia is common in individuals with insulin-treated diabetes; therefore, these observed effects of hypoglycemia on memory are of potential... | yes |
12,526,949 | Do irritable bowel syndrome patients show enhanced modulation of visceral perception by auditory stress? | {
"contexts": [
"Symptoms in irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) patients are sensitive to psychological stressors. These effects may operate through an enhanced responsiveness of the emotional motor system, a network of brain circuits that modulate arousal, viscerosomatic perception, and autonomic responses associate... | These findings confirm the hypothesis of altered stress-induced modulation of visceral perception in IBS patients. | yes |
12,559,246 | Do the cumulative effect of high click rate on monaural and binaural processing in the human auditory brainstem? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of the present study was to compare the effects of high stimulus rate and click position in the train on monaurally and binaurally evoked activities in the human auditory brainstem and suggest their possible physiological mechanism.",
"Auditory brainstem evoked potentials (ABEPs... | The progressive prolongation of latency of ABEP and BIC components with advancing position in the train may be attributed to cumulatively decreased synaptic efficacy at high stimulus rates, resulting in prolonged synaptic delays along the auditory pathway. The paradoxic enhancement of ABEP dipole III magnitude with adv... | yes |
12,559,245 | Do galvanic and acoustic vestibular stimulation activate different populations of vestibular afferents? | {
"contexts": [
"To deduce whether similar or distinct populations of vestibular afferents are activated by acoustic and galvanic vestibular stimulation by comparing the effectiveness of 'matched' stimuli in eliciting vestibulospinal reflexes.",
"Twelve subjects (5 men, 7 women) underwent individual 'matching... | Despite evoking equal-sized vestibulocollic reflexes, there was a clear dissociation between the magnitude of tone burst and galvanic-induced vestibulospinal reflexes. Galvanic stimulation evoked SL and ML reflexes in all subjects. Tone burst stimuli evoked only small SL reflexes and, in most cases, no ML reflexes. Aco... | yes |
12,534,643 | Does diabetes mellitus increase the in vivo activity of cytochrome P450 2E1 in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Cytochrome P450 2E1 (CYP2E1) is thought to activate a number of protoxins, and has been implicated in the development of liver disease. Increased hepatic expression of CYP2E1 occurs in rat models of diabetes but it is unclear whether human diabetics display a similar up-regulation. This study was... | There was a marked increase in hepatic CYP2E1 activity in obese Type II diabetics as assessed by chlorzoxazone disposition. Increased expression of CYP2E1 mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells was found in both types of diabetes mellitus. Adverse hepatic events associated with Type II diabetes may be in part a res... | yes |
12,548,061 | Does milk sphingomyelin accelerate enzymatic and morphological maturation of the intestine in artificially reared rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Sphingomyelin (SPM) is the dominant phospholipid, comprising 38% of total human milk phospholipids. Although little is known about the nutritional importance of SPM during the neonatal period, SPM may affect the growth and development of tissues in the newborn infant through mechanisms regulating... | The present results suggest that SPM, the dominant phospholipid in milk, plays an important role in neonatal gut maturation during the suckling period. | yes |
12,537,200 | Does occlusive wrap dressing reduce infection rate in saphenous vein harvest site? | {
"contexts": [
"Infection in the saphenous vein harvest site is a common problem. We developed an occlusive circumferential wrap dressing technique that reduces skin edge tension, eliminates dead space, and prevents external contamination. We compared the surgical site infection rate using the wrap dressing tech... | In saphenous vein harvest wounds, the occlusive wrap dressing technique has the potential to reduce the rate of infection by 50%. This simple and inexpensive technique is also readily applicable to the radial artery harvest site in the arm and may provide similar benefit. | yes |
12,537,209 | Is pancreatitis in Fontan patients related to impaired ventricular relaxation? | {
"contexts": [
"Pancreatitis following cardiopulmonary bypass is a well-known complication in adults undergoing cardiac surgery. However, the occurrence of pancreatitis in pediatric patients undergoing repair of congenital heart disease is under-appreciated. Post-Fontan patients are particularly prone to postope... | Impaired ventricular relaxation and decreased preoperative cardiac output are predictive of increased risk of postoperative pancreatitis in Fontan patients. Evaluation of preoperative diastolic function in these patients may provide additional insights in to clinical outcome following the Fontan procedure. | yes |
12,544,647 | Do five-year maintenance of bone mineral density in women master runners? | {
"contexts": [
"Prior research has suggested that chronic running may not prevent age-related bone loss in women and may inhibit the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone. The purpose of this study was to longitudinally determine the effect of chronic running exercise alone, and in conjunction w... | These data demonstrate no significant loss of bone mass over a 5-yr period in these chronic runners with relatively high calcium intakes regardless of menstrual or HRT status. Further, chronic running did not inhibit nor enhance the effect of HRT on bone in these women. | yes |
12,530,065 | Does reduced expression of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 sensitize human breast cancer cells to paclitaxel and its combination with 5-fluorouracil? | {
"contexts": [
"The favorable clinical activity of paclitaxel has prompted considerable interest in combining this agent with other clinically effective antineoplastic agents including the antimetabolite 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). Our previous studies indicated that simultaneous exposure or pretreatment with 5-FU co... | These findings suggest that the status of p53 and p21WAF1/CIP1 might play an important role in tumor cell susceptibility to paclitaxel and its combination with other drugs such as 5-FU. | yes |
12,530,062 | Is sustained tyrosine-phosphorylation of FAK through Rho-dependent adhesion to fibronectin essential for cancer cell migration? | {
"contexts": [
"Co-stimulation with lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) and fibronectin (FN) is essential for migration of rat ascites hepatoma MMI cells. We examined the roles of LPA and FN in Rho-FAK pathway to migration.",
"We evaluated the morphology, phagokinetic motility and the status of Rho activation and ty... | Rho-dependent adhesion to FN leading to sustained tyrosine-phosphorylation of FAK is essential for cancer cell migration. | yes |
12,556,074 | Does low calcium dialysate increase cardiac relaxation in CAPD patients? | {
"contexts": [
"To establish whether changes in serum calcium affect left ventricular (LV) function in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) patients.",
"This study was conducted on 28 clinically stable CAPD patients (11 females, 17 males). Left ventricular relaxation and systolic function were ec... | Left ventricular relaxation is increased with the use of low calcium dialysate compared with standard dialysate treatment. The idea of possible beneficial effects of increment in LV relaxation on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality deserves further studies. | yes |
12,556,338 | Does computer analysis of mFISH chromosome aberration data uncover an excess of very complicated metaphases? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyse spectra of chromosome aberrations induced in vitro by low LET radiation, in order to characterize radiation damage mechanisms quantitatively.",
"Multiplex fluorescence in situ hybridization (mFISH) allows the simultaneous identification of each homologous chromosome pair by its own... | Standard models of DNA damage induction/repair/misrepair explain the main trends of the data as regards the fraction of metaphases having a particular number of colours involved in colour junctions. However, all standard models systematically under-predict the observed fraction of metaphases where a large number of dif... | yes |
12,528,505 | Does [ research on morphology and anatomy of root system of Dendrobium nobile Lindl ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To understand the morphological and anatomical characteristics of Dendrobium nobile so as to provide scientific basis for its domestication and cultivation.",
"The root's morphological development and interior structure were investigated."
],
"labels": [
"OBJECTIVE",
"METHODS"
]... | Dendrobium has peculiar structure which determines that this plant requires a growing environment with high water and air ventilation properties. | yes |
12,541,345 | Do [ The normal value of DPOAE and effect of intensity differ of probe tone ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the normal value of DPOAE and effect of intensity differ of probe tone.",
"30 subjects (60 ears) age from 17 to 40 were examined in this article, and the amplitude of DPOAE were measured when using L1 = L2 = 70 dB SPL and L1 = 70 dB SPL, L2 = 65 dB SPL.",
"DPOAE was recorde... | Those results give us useful information for clinic. | yes |
12,530,095 | Does dNMT1 gene copy number influence susceptibility to development of malignant lymphoproliferative disease? | {
"contexts": [
"For many years, the methylating enzyme DNMT1 has been thought to critically influence neoplastic transformation. To determine if DNMT1 is involved in the early events of malignant transformation of lymphoid cells, we investigated whether allele-specific variation in the gene copy number of DNMT1 ... | In contrast to findings in mice, the results of this study exclude a role for DNMT1 gene copy number in susceptibility to neoplastic transformation in humans. | no |
12,538,419 | Is hemodilution common in patients with advanced heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Anemia frequently occurs in chronic heart failure (CHF) patients and is associated with a poor prognosis. A low hematocrit may result from an increased plasma volume (hemodilution) or from reduced red blood cell volume (true anemia). The prevalence and clinical outcome of CHF patients with hemodi... | Hemodilution is common in CHF patients. Anemia is associated with a poor prognosis in CHF. Patients with hemodilution tend to do worse than patients with true anemia, which suggests that volume overload may be an important mechanism contributing to the poor outcome in anemic CHF patients. | yes |
12,548,206 | Is herpes simplex virus type II a cofactor to human papillomavirus in cancer of the uterine cervix? | {
"contexts": [
"Cells that were cotransfected with herpes simplex virus-16 and the herpes simplex virus type 2 Xho -2 DNA induce tumors in nude mice. In a cross-sectional study, we investigated the role of herpes simplex virus type 2 as a cofactor to human papillomavirus in cervical cancer.",
"Cervical cells... | Although herpes simplex virus type 2 Bgl IIN transforms epithelial cells in vitro, it was not detected in cervical cancer specimens. | no |
12,548,208 | Does endometritis predict reproductive morbidity after pelvic inflammatory disease? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the association between endometritis and reproductive morbidity.",
"Participants were 614 women in the PID Evaluation and Clinical Health (PEACH) Study with pelvic pain, pelvic organ tenderness, and leukorrhea, mucopurulent cervicitis, or untreated cervicitis. We compared wome... | Among women with clinically suspected mild-to-moderate PID treated with standard antibiotics, endometritis/UGTI was not associated with reproductive morbidity. | no |
12,547,881 | Is the K121Q polymorphism of the PC-1 gene associated with insulin resistance but not with dyslipidemia? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relationship of the K121Q polymorphism of the plasma cell glycoprotein 1 (PC-1) gene with insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and lipids and lipoproteins.",
"Altogether, 110 normoglycemic subjects (group I) underwent a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp for evaluation of ... | In healthy normoglycemic Finnish subjects, the K121Q polymorphism of the PC-1 gene is associated with insulin resistance but not with impaired insulin secretion or dyslipidemia. | yes |
12,558,230 | Does improvement of intraoperative antibiotic prophylaxis in prolonged cardiac surgery by automated alert in the operating room? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the impact of an automated intraoperative alert to redose prophylactic antibiotics in prolonged cardiac operations.",
"Randomized, controlled, evaluator-blinded trial.",
"University-affiliated hospital.",
"Patients undergoing cardiac surgery that lasted more than 4 hours aft... | The use of an automatic reminder system in the operating room improved compliance with guidelines on perioperative antibiotic prophylaxis. | yes |
12,534,806 | Does an antifungal compound produced by Bacillus subtilis YM 10-20 inhibit germination of Penicillium roqueforti conidiospores? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify and characterize an antifungal compound produced by Bacillus subtilis YM 10-20 which prevents spore germination of Penicillium roqueforti.",
"The antifungal compound was isolated by acid precipitation with HCl. This compound inhibited fungal germination and growth. Identification ... | Fluorescence staining in combination with flow cytometry and scanning electron microscopy are efficient tools for assessing the action of antifungal compounds against spores. Iturin-like compounds may permeabilize fungal spores and inhibit their germination. | yes |
12,547,403 | Is the hepatocyte a direct target for transforming-growth factor beta activation via the insulin-like growth factor II/mannose 6-phosphate receptor? | {
"contexts": [
"The cation-independent mannose 6-phosphate receptor (CIMPR) is overexpressed in hepatocytes during liver regeneration and has been implicated in the maturation of latent pro-transforming growth factor beta (TGFbeta). In this study, we have: (1) kinetically characterized the changes in CIMPR expre... | (1) The induction of the CIMPR gene during liver regeneration and hepatocyte culture occurs in mid G1 phase; and (2) the CIMPR mediates latent proTGFbeta activation and thus may act, by targeting TGFbeta to hepatocytes, as a negative regulator of hepatocyte growth. | yes |
12,547,406 | Is selective blockade of mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptors protective against acetaminophen hepatotoxicity in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"mGlu5 metabotropic glutamate receptor antagonists protect rat hepatocytes against hypoxic death. Here, we have examined whether mGlu5 receptor antagonists are protective against liver damage induced by oxidative stress.",
"Toxicity of isolated hepatocytes was induced by tert-butylhydroperoxid... | We conclude that pharmacological blockade of mGlu5 receptors might represent a novel target for the treatment of drug-induced liver damage. | yes |
12,547,404 | Does the canine copper toxicosis gene MURR1 cause non-Wilsonian hepatic copper toxicosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Non-Wilsonian hepatic copper toxicosis includes Indian childhood cirrhosis (ICC), endemic Tyrolean infantile cirrhosis (ETIC) and the non-Indian disease known as idiopathic copper toxicosis (ICT). These entities resemble the hepatic copper overload observed in livers of Bedlington terriers with r... | Our results demonstrate that copper toxicosis in Bedlington terriers is not an animal model for the non-Wilsonian hepatic copper toxicosis described in this study. | no |
12,540,719 | Do in-hospital symptoms of depression predict mortality 3 years after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"The main aim of this study was to examine the relationship between symptoms of depression following myocardial infarction (MI) and 3-year survival status.",
"The Beck Depression Inventory was completed by 288 patients hospitalized for MI. Patients' cardiological status, including indices of d... | Symptoms of depression following MI do not predict longer-term survival, although measures of disease severity and discharge medication status do. Previous positive results for depression and cardiac mortality in MI patients could reflect the occasional confounding of depression with disease severity. | no |
12,526,955 | Does nitric oxide synthase inhibition improve renal function in cirrhotic patients with ascites? | {
"contexts": [
"Based mainly on animal experiments, nitric oxide (NO) has been proposed to account for the peripheral arterial vasodilation and hyperdynamic circulation in liver cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to clarify whether a reduction of NO synthesis would ameliorate the circulatory and renal dysfunct... | Despite a partial correction of the hyperdynamic circulation, inhibition of NO synthesis does not improve sodium and water excretion in decompensated cirrhosis, probably because of an accompanying decrease in renal plasma flow. Intrarenal NO synthesis may be important for maintaining intrarenal hemodynamics in decompen... | no |
12,548,125 | Does angiotensinogen M235T genotype predict progression in chronic renal allograft dysfunction? | {
"contexts": [
"Genotypes of the renin-angiotensin system have been implicated in essential hypertension and in progression of native kidney diseases, but gene effects on progression in chronic renal allograft dysfunction are unclear.",
"To examine gene effects on long-term renal allograft function, we condu... | The AGT 235 T allele independently influences long-term decline in renal allograft function. | yes |
12,527,620 | Is nuclear accumulation of p53 a potential marker for the development of squamous cell lung cancer in smokers? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether the nuclear accumulation of p53 in patients with early bronchial neoplasia represents an altered susceptibility for the development of lung cancer.",
"We evaluated the percentage of cells accumulating nuclear p53 immunohistochemically in squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of t... | These results suggested that p53 accumulation is an early event in lung carcinogenesis and potentially could be useful in the identification of smokers who are at risk of developing SCC, but not in the estimation of survival of the disease. | yes |
12,534,355 | Does twelve months of treatment with octreotide-LAR reduce joint thickness in acromegaly? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the role of age, gender, duration and control of acromegaly on the reversibility of arthropathy.",
"30 de novo patients with active acromegaly, 30 cured patients and 30 healthy subjects were studied in a tranverse and an open longitudinal study design.",
"Shoulder, wrist and k... | Growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) suppression by 12 Months' OCT-LAR treatment is accompanied by a significant decrease in the thickness of both weight-bearing and non-weight-bearing joints (mainly in patients whose disease is controlled) regardless of disease duration. These findings suggest that ... | yes |
12,539,231 | Does selenomethionine affect PSA secretion independent of its effect on LNCaP cell growth? | {
"contexts": [
"Individuals supplemented with selenium have reduced incidence of prostate cancer. This study determines whether selenomethionine specifically affects the secretion of prostate specific antigen (PSA) in vitro.",
"LNCaP cells were supplemented with selenomethionine for 7 days. PSA secretion was... | PSA secretion is not specifically inhibited by concentrations of selenomethionine corresponding to plasma selenium concentrations found in individuals supplemented with chemopreventive concentrations of selenized yeast. These data suggest that changes in serum PSA levels in individual patients during selenium supplemen... | no |
12,528,324 | Do clinical signs of pulmonary congestion predict outcome in patients with acute chest pain? | {
"contexts": [
"Pulmonary congestion is associated with poor outcome in patients with acute coronary syndromes. In consecutive patients presenting with acute unexplained chest pain to a primary care facility, the prognostic impact of pulmonary congestion is indeterminate. Therefore, we assessed the predictive va... | Clinical signs of pulmonary congestion indicate an increased risk for poor outcome in patients with chest pain due to myocardial ischemia. Mortality of these patients is high, particularly in the first months after presentation. Therefore, hospital admission is warranted, including patients with angina pectoris, who ot... | yes |
12,559,515 | Does gene therapy delivery of endostatin enhance the treatment efficacy of radiation? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate whether sustained expression of mouse endostatin by adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene transfer can enhance the treatment efficacy of ionizing radiation.",
"Mouse endostatin was cloned into recombinant AAV (rAAV) under the control of CMV beta-actin promoter. Recombinant mo... | The delivery of endostatin via rAAV vectors may provide an effective means of enhancing the anti-tumor efficacy of radiation therapy. | yes |
12,558,568 | Is the effect of electrical stimulation of the subthalamic nucleus on seizures frequency dependent? | {
"contexts": [
"Animal studies and anecdotal human case reports have indicated that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) may be a site of anticonvulsant action.",
"We tested the hypothesis that continuous electrical stimulation of the STN inhibits seizures acutely. We determined the effects of three stimulation fre... | We conclude that electrical stimulation of the STN can be anticonvulsant, but the effects appear to depend on the stimulation frequency and the type of seizure. | yes |
12,558,567 | Does gabapentin increase the hyperpolarization-activated cation current Ih in rat CA1 pyramidal cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Gabapentin (GBP) is a commonly used drug in the treatment of partial seizures, but its mode of action is still unclear. The genesis of seizures in temporal lobe epilepsy is thought to be crucially influenced by intrinsic membrane properties. Because the Ih substantially contributes to the intrins... | These results suggest that GBP increases the Ih through a cAMP-independent mechanism. Because the applied GBP concentrations were in a clinically relevant range, the observed effect may contribute to the anticonvulsant action of GBP in partial seizures and may represent a new concept of how this anticonvulsant drug wor... | yes |
12,530,079 | Is down-regulation of TRF1 , TRF2 and TIN2 genes important to maintain telomeric DNA for gastric cancers? | {
"contexts": [
"The maintenance of telomeres may be required for long-term proliferation of tumors. Activity of telomerase, a ribonucleoprotein complex that elongates telomeres, has been found in almost all human tumors but not in adjacent normal cells. Several factors which regulate telomere length, TRF1 and 2,... | Down-regulation of TRF1, TRF2 and TIN2 gene expression may be important to maintain telomeres in gastric cancer. | yes |
12,538,482 | Does zoledronic acid exhibit inhibitory effects on osteoblastic and osteolytic metastases of prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"In this study we have examined the effects of zoledronic acid (ZA), a new-generation bisphosphonate, on prostate cancer (CaP) cells in vitro, and on both osteoblastic and osteolytic CaP metastases in animal models.",
"In vitro, CaP cells were treated with ZA, and the effects on proliferation,... | In conclusion, we have shown that ZA has significant antitumor effects on CaP cells in vitro and in vivo. Antiosteolytic activity and the antitumor effects of this compound could benefit CaP patients with bone metastases. | yes |
12,531,953 | Are transient ischaemic attacks associated with increased rates of global cerebral atrophy? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether patients presenting with a first transient ischaemic attack (TIA) subsequently show increased rates of brain atrophy compared with age matched controls; and to assess potential risk factors for brain atrophy in this group.",
"60 patients with a first, isolated TIA and 26 ... | Patients presenting with a first TIA have excess global brain atrophy compared with age matched controls over the subsequent year. Increased atrophy rates following a TIA may be directly or indirectly related to increasing white matter disease and diastolic hypertension. Future studies should assess whether this atroph... | yes |
12,537,548 | Does hap4p overexpression in glucose-grown Saccharomyces cerevisiae induce cells to enter a novel metabolic state? | {
"contexts": [
"Metabolic and regulatory gene networks generally tend to be stable. However, we have recently shown that overexpression of the transcriptional activator Hap4p in yeast causes cells to move to a state characterized by increased respiratory activity. To understand why overexpression of HAP4 is able... | We show that overproduction of a single nuclear transcription factor enables cells to move to a novel state that displays features typical of, but clearly not identical to, other derepressed states. | yes |
12,541,786 | Do [ Use X-ray or CR to evaluate the operation result of the cochlear implant ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the cochlear implant operation by the use of X-ray or CR.",
"There are 15 ears 15 cases which were completed the cochlear implant operation, after operation the implant electrode array was shown by the use of X-ray or CR.",
"The shape and station of those were normal, average ... | It was an economic, convenient, objective and worthy method to evaluate the cochlear implant. | yes |
12,554,822 | Does presurgical depression predict medical morbidity 6 months after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Depression has been related to poor medical prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and to diminished quality of life after coronary artery bypass graft surgery (CABG). However, prior studies have not fully examined the impact of depression on medical outcomes after CABG. The purpose o... | Depression is an important independent contributor to medical and psychosocial morbidity up to 6 months after CABG. These findings warrant replication with larger and more diverse populations. | yes |
12,543,748 | Is blood flow per unit retinal nerve fibre tissue volume lower in the human inferior retina? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if perfusion per unit tissue volume of retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head in the inferior sector is lower than in the superior sector.",
"Heidelberg retinal tomogram (HRT) for topographic measurement of optic nerve head and retinal nerve fibre layer and Heidelberg ret... | The inferior sector of retinal nerve fibre layer and optic nerve head may have lower blood flow per unit nerve tissue volume compared to the superior sector. This result suggests that the inferior sector is more vulnerable to elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and ischaemic insults in glaucomatous optic neuropathy. | yes |
12,540,390 | Does a fermented milk high in bioactive peptides have a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE; EC 3.4.15.1) plays a dual role in the regulation of hypertension: it catalyzes the production of the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II and it inactivates the vasodilator bradykinin. By inhibiting these processes, ACE inhibitors have antihypertensive effects. Pepti... | L. helveticus LBK-16H fermented milk containing bioactive peptides in normal daily use has a blood pressure-lowering effect in hypertensive subjects. | yes |
12,552,364 | Does high glucose impair superoxide production from isolated blood neutrophils? | {
"contexts": [
"Superoxide (O(2)(-)), a key antimicrobial agent in phagocytes, is produced by the activity of NADPH oxidase. High glucose concentrations may, however, impair the production of O(2)(-) through inhibition of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD), which catalyzes the formation of NADPH. This stud... | High extracellular glucose concentrations acutely reduce O(2)(-) production from activated neutrophils possibly through inhibition of G6PD. If this occurs in vivo, microbial killing by neutrophils may be impaired during acute hyperglycemia, as observed after major surgery, trauma, or severe infection. | yes |
12,552,361 | Is increased extracellular serotonin level in rat hippocampus induced by chronic citalopram augmented by subchronic lithium : neurochemical and behavioural studies in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"A substantial number of patients do not respond sufficiently to antidepressant drugs and are therefore often co-medicated with lithium as an augmentation strategy. However, the neurochemical rationale behind this strategy needs to be further clarified.",
"We examined the effect of chronic cit... | The present results support the assumption that increases in hippocampal 5-HT neurotransmission may be important in the augmentatory effect of lithium. | yes |
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