pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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12,535,753 | Do insulin resistance and adiposity correlate with acute-phase reaction and soluble cell adhesion molecules in type 2 diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the relationship of inflammation and endothelial activation with insulin resistance and adiposity in type 2 diabetes.",
"Hundred and thirty-four (45 female) type 2 diabetic subjects aged 50-75 in the Fenofibrate Intervention and Event Lowering in Diabetes Study in Helsinki were... | Endothelial activation and acute-phase reaction correlate with insulin resistance and obesity in type 2 diabetic patients. | yes |
12,544,897 | Does implementation of a tertiary trauma survey decrease missed injuries? | {
"contexts": [
"Missed injuries (MIs) adversely affect patient outcome and damage physician/institutional credibility. The primary and secondary surveys are designed to identify all of a patient's injuries and prioritize their management; however, MIs are prevalent in severely injured and multisystem trauma pati... | ICU patients-particularly brain injury victims and those undergoing emergent surgical procedures-appear to be at highest risk for MI. Implementation of a standardized TS decreased MIs by 36% in our Level I trauma center, and more timely TS would likely have further reduced MIs. A TS should be routine in trauma centers. | yes |
12,540,020 | Is effect of H1-antagonist Dithiaden on human PMN-leukocyte aggregation and chemiluminescence stimulus-dependent? | {
"contexts": [
"Contradictory data published on histamine-PMN leukocyte interactions stimulated us to study to the role of histamine and H1-antagonist Dithiaden in generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and aggregation of human neutrophils.",
"Whole blood or isolated PMN-leukocytes were exposed in a dos... | Dithiaden, depending on the stimuli applied, inhibited human neutrophils, both isolated or in whole blood, more markedly than histamine. The inhibition of aggregation and CL was dose- and stimulus-dependent. Histamine administered simultaneously abolished the effect of Dithiaden on fMLP-stimulated PMN-leukocytes. It se... | yes |
12,539,002 | Do nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation indicate free radical-mediated injury in hearts of patients subjected to cardioplegia? | {
"contexts": [
"Myocardial ischemia and reperfusion induced by cardioplegic arrest subjects the heart to free radical-mediated stress. The purpose of our study was to investigate the effect of cardioplegia-induced ischemia and reperfusion on myocardial formation and distribution of (1) nitrotyrosine as an indica... | Our data show that cardioplegia-induced myocardial ischemia and reperfusion is associated with nitrotyrosine and 8-isoprostane formation mainly in the coronary endothelium, indicating injury mediated by both peroxynitrite and oxygen-derived free radicals. Because nitric oxide synthase activation was accompanied with in... | yes |
12,539,000 | Does nuclear factor kappaB mediate a procoagulant response in monocytes during extracorporeal circulation? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to examine the mechanism of procoagulant activity and inhibition in whole blood during extracorporeal circulation.",
"In this study we examine the development of procoagulant activity and monocyte activation in heparinized whole blood passing through a closed c... | We conclude that intravascular tissue factor expression during extracorporeal circulation of blood is due to nuclear factor kappaB-mediated activation of monocytes (possibly by complement), which can be controlled pharmacologically. | yes |
12,529,492 | Are larger thigh and hip circumferences associated with better glucose tolerance : the Hoorn study? | {
"contexts": [
"A higher waist-to-hip ratio, which can be due to a higher waist circumference, a lower hip circumference, or both, is associated with higher glucose levels and incident diabetes. A lower hip circumference could reflect either lower fat mass or lower muscle mass. Muscle mass might be better reflec... | Thigh circumference in women and hip circumference in both sexes are negatively associated with markers of glucose metabolism independently of the waist circumference, BMI, and age. Both fat and muscle tissues may contribute to these associations. | yes |
12,542,102 | Does in vitro wear simulation measurements of composite versus resin-modified glass ionomer luting cement for all-ceramic restorations? | {
"contexts": [
"Although composite cements are generally indicated for cementation of all-ceramic restorations, some manufacturers of dental cements propose that resin-modified glass ionomers (RMGIs) may be used for cementation of high-strength ceramic restorations.",
"This study was undertaken to compare th... | The activation mode of resin cements did not influence their wear resistance. The RMGIs underwent higher attrition wear than the resin cements. | yes |
12,559,222 | Is intravenous levosimendan treatment cost-effective compared with dobutamine in severe low-output heart failure : an analysis based on the international LIDO trial? | {
"contexts": [
"Levosimendan, a novel calcium sensitiser, improves cardiac performance and symptoms without increasing oxygen consumption, and decreases the mortality of patients with low-output heart failure.",
"To estimate the cost-effectiveness of intravenous treatment with levosimendan compared with dobu... | Although the patients in the levosimendan group were alive for more days and thus at risk of hospitalisation for longer, there was no increase in hospitalisation or hospitalisation costs with levosimendan treatment. The cost per LYS using levosimendan compares favourably with other cost-effectiveness analyses in cardio... | yes |
12,552,038 | Is aPOE E4 a determinant for Alzheimer type pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess demographic and genetic determinants of Alzheimer type pathology in progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP).",
"From a total of 173 pathologically proven cases of PSP in the Society for PSP Brain Bank, 143 patients (mean age = 74.4 years, ranging from 42 to 98 years) were suitable for ... | APOE epsilon4 is a risk factor for Alzheimer type pathology in PSP. Alzheimer type pathology is an independent process unrelated to PSP in cases with both types of pathologies. | yes |
12,552,035 | Does the pentapeptide QYNAD block voltage-gated sodium channels? | {
"contexts": [
"An endogenous pentapeptide (Gln-Tyr-Asn-Ala-Asp; QYNAD) that is present at elevated levels in human CSF from patients with demyelinating diseases has been reported to block voltage-gated sodium channels at low (10 micro M) concentrations. Objective : Because of the potential importance of sodium ... | These experiments do not show any sodium channel blocking effect of QYNAD. The conclusion that QYNAD contributes to the pathophysiology of inflammatory neurologic disorders by blocking voltage-gated sodium channels should therefore be viewed with caution. | no |
12,559,670 | Does relative validity of food frequency questionnaire nutrient estimate in the Black Women 's Health Study? | {
"contexts": [
"The Black Women's Health Study (BWHS) was designed to investigate determinants of health and disease in US black women. More than 64,000 women are enrolled in the BWHS cohort. This study assessed the relative validity of the 68-item food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) used in the BWHS baseline que... | The BWHS FFQ will support meaningful analyses of diet-health associations for 10 of the 11 energy-adjusted nutrient intake variables analyzed. | yes |
12,559,676 | Does angiotensin II AT1 receptor blockade improve renal perfusion in hypercholesterolemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypercholesterolemia (HC) is a risk factor for renal disease that may activate the angiotensin II type 1 (AT1) receptor and accelerate renal damage. Early diet-induced HC impairs renal perfusion responses, but it is yet unknown whether the AT1 receptor is involved. This study tested the hypothesi... | The AT1 receptor blockade in HC improves renal perfusion and tubular functional responses to endothelium-dependent vasodilators, in association with a decrease in oxidative stress. These results imply involvement of the renin-angiotensin system in the blunted renal cortical perfusion responses observed in HC, and sugge... | yes |
12,556,344 | Is radiation-induced up-regulation of telomerase in KG1a cells influenced by dose-rate and radiation quality? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the influence of dose, dose-rate and radiation quality on telomerase activity (TA) in the KG1a hematopoietic cell line.",
"KG1a cells were irradiated with gamma-rays (0.5-5 Gy) at 0.025 Gy/min, 0.30 Gy/min and 1.57 Gy/min and with a neutron/gamma-ray field (5 Gy). Cell viability wa... | Radiation-induced telomerase activation depends on dose-rate. High-LET and low-LET irradiations induce similar changes in TA that differ mainly in their kinetics and their magnitude. Changes in TA are not related to cell-cycle redistribution nor to the induction of cell death; they are the consequence of specific regul... | yes |
12,558,798 | Does artificial recruitment of certain Mediator components affect requirement of basal transcription factor IIE? | {
"contexts": [
"Basal transcription factors are essential for RNA polymerase II (RNAPII)-catalysed transcription of many but not all the mRNA-encoding genes in vivo as well as in vitro. For example, copper-inducible transcription of the copper metallothionein gene CUP1 occurs independently of basal factor TFIIE ... | Our results strongly suggest that the TFIIE requirement of a gene is determined by a target(s) in Mediator through which the signal of the cognate activator is transmitted. | yes |
12,559,443 | Is aggressive resection indicated for cecal diverticulitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Because of the difficulties in preoperative diagnosis and controversies in the management, cecal diverticulitis has received much discussion in the literature. There, however, are still many questions that remain unanswered.",
"During a 5-year period, 112 patients with a clinical diagnosis of... | The natural history of cecal diverticulitis varies from benign and self-limiting to fulminant in the oriental population. Less than 40% (32 of 85) of patients were successfully treated with conservative methods initially and had no recurrence during the follow-up period. We recommend aggressive surgical resection for p... | yes |
12,556,368 | Does severe astigmatic blur interfere with spectacle lens compensation? | {
"contexts": [
"Whether either natural emmetropization or compensation for imposed spectacle lenses requires the visual system to distinguish myopic from hyperopic blur is controversial. Some have argued that the visual system need only respond to the magnitude of the blur. This study was undertaken to test whet... | Severe astigmatic blur does not interfere with spectacle lens compensation. From this it can be inferred that the average amount of blur is not an important error signal for spectacle lens compensation and therefore probably not for emmetropization either. These results strengthen the case that the sign of defocus is u... | no |
12,534,566 | Do children 's experiences of school toilets present a risk to their physical and psychological health? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain why children and parents frequently describe problems with school toilets.",
"Two contrasting cities in Northern England (Newcastle upon Tyne 394 pupils) and Southern Sweden (Goteborg/Mölndal 157 pupils)",
"Self-administered questionnaires were given to children aged 9-11 yea... | European standards are needed for school toilets in order to prevent children developing problems such as constipation, urinary tract infections and incontinence. | yes |
12,540,980 | Does recursive partitioning analysis ( RPA ) class predict survival in patients with four or more brain metastases? | {
"contexts": [
"We evaluated prognostic factors for survival in patients with four or more brain metastases in order to determine whether intense local treatment might be justified for some of them. If up to three brain metastases are present, surgical resection or radiosurgery are currently being considered in ... | Patients with four or more brain metastases seem to represent a group with unfavorable prognosis where remission of brain metastases or administration of more than 30 Gy were not associated with increased survival. The number of patients in RPA class I was too small to draw final conclusions. However, there was absolut... | no |
12,559,447 | Does additional right parasternal incision without thoracotomy provide alternative access for hepatic resection? | {
"contexts": [
"Although hepatic resections are performed with various access approaches according to the location of the tumor, the extent of resection and patient's physical constitution, the exposure of the root of the hepatic veins is not optimal in some patients by any conventional incision.",
"An addit... | This simple technique without necessitating rotation of the operating table may be useful as an alternative method of access to the liver especially when fine isolation around the root of the hepatic veins is required. | yes |
12,553,003 | Does p2P-R deficiency modify nocodazole-induced mitotic arrest and UV-induced apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Cell cycle progression from G1 through S to mitosis can be influenced by microtubule-dependent mechanisms that involve AP1 factors and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) activity. UV irradiation-induced apoptosis also involves AP1 factors and JNK activity. The current studies evaluated the outcome of ... | P2P-R may influence AP1 and/or JNK signaling pathways. | yes |
12,540,245 | Does use of the child development review increase residents ' discussion of behavioral problems? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether use of a parent questionnaire, the Child Development Review (CDR), before health maintenance examinations (HMEs) increases parent identification and increases resident discussion and documentation of behavioral issues for toddler and preschool-aged children.",
"Quasi-experim... | Use of the CDR before HMEs increased parent identification and reported discussion of behavioral topics for toddler and preschool children. | yes |
12,540,246 | Do simple feedback notes enhance specificity of feedback to learners? | {
"contexts": [
"Learners reported that physician educators give insufficient and general feedback.",
"This study analyzed faculty's use of 3 x 5-inch feedback notes (preprinted with \"well done\" or \"needs improvement\") for quantity and specificity of feedback. Learners evaluated these notes compared with ... | Cued feedback notes provided learners with detailed feedback in a format that learners prefer. Over time, simple feedback notes lead to more specific feedback for trainees. | yes |
12,544,034 | Do recurrent extrusion of cochlear implant at an interval of 5 years? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe two different types of device extrusion occurring in the same patient 1 and 6 years after cochlear implantation and to discuss the relation between the two extrusions and problems of cochlear implantation in patients with chronic suppurative otitis media.",
"Retrospective case rev... | The two extrusions occurred with a long interval in between and at two different sites. The first extrusion occurred along the skin incision, and the second extrusion occurred away from the skin incision with infection around the device. The authors assumed that the first and the second extrusion occurred independently... | yes |
12,544,898 | Do normal electrocardiography and serum troponin I levels preclude the presence of clinically significant blunt cardiac injury? | {
"contexts": [
"Uncertainty about the definition and diagnosis of blunt cardiac injury (BCI) leads to unnecessary hospitalization and cost while trying to rule it out. The purpose of this study was to examine whether the combination of two simple tests, electrocardiography (ECG) and serum troponin I (TnI) level,... | The combination of normal ECG and TnI at admission and 8 hours later rules out the diagnosis of SigBCI. In the absence of other reasons for hospitalization, such patients can be safely discharged. | yes |
12,557,110 | Does [ Sildenafil change coronary flow reserve in diabetics with erectile dysfunction ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Disturbance of the microvascular coronary circuit is common in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. We investigated effects of sildenafil on coronary flow reserve (CFR) of the left anterior descending branch.",
"43 diabetics (aged 59 +/- 7 years) with erectile dysfunction and without symptoms... | Diabetics with erectile dysfunction often have a CFR in the lower range of normal. Sildenafil did not further reduce CFR. Asymptomatic, severe coronary artery disease often can be found in diabetics with erectile dysfunction. Cardiological screening for contraindications for sildenafil seems mandatory in diabetics with... | no |
12,537,408 | Do contrast agents provide a faster learning curve in dipyridamole stress echocardiography? | {
"contexts": [
"Interobserver variability is an important limitation of the stress echocardiography and depends on the echocardiographer training. Our aim was to evaluate if the use of contrast agents during dipyridamole stress echocardiography would improve the agreement between an experienced and a non-experie... | The use of contrast agents provides a better agreement in the evaluation of stress echo between an experienced and a non-experienced observer in stress echo. Adding routinely contrast agents could probably reduce the number of exams required for the necessary learning curve in stress echocardiography. | yes |
12,544,014 | Does zinc supplementation at the time of ethanol exposure ameliorate teratogenicity in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"We have previously demonstrated that ethanol teratogenicity in mice is related to the maternal expression of metallothionein (MT), a zinc (Zn)-binding protein. Ethanol induces maternal liver MT, which causes plasma Zn concentrations to decrease as Zn moves into the liver. During pregnancy it is s... | These findings demonstrate that Zn supplementation at the time of ethanol exposure significantly negates the deleterious effects of ethanol on the fetus. | yes |
12,529,975 | Is glut-1 glucose transporter expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma associated with tumor aggressiveness? | {
"contexts": [
"Glucose transporter (Glut) proteins, which are membrane proteins responsible for the transport of glucose across cellular membranes, have six forms. To further elucidate the role of Glut-1 expression in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, we examined the expression of Glut-1 protein immunohistoch... | In conclusion, the level of Glut-1 expression may be a useful marker that can provide information on tumor aggressiveness and prognosis in patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma. | yes |
12,538,471 | Is reduced expression of the small leucine-rich proteoglycans , lumican , and decorin associated with poor outcome in node-negative invasive breast cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine the prognostic significance of lumican and decorin, two abundant small leucine-rich proteoglycans in breast tissue stroma.",
"Lumican and decorin expression was examined in a cohort of 140 invasive breast carcinomas by Western blot analysis. All cases were axillary lymph node-negat... | These results suggest that low levels of small leucine-rich proteoglycans in breast tumors may be associated with a worse prognosis in lymph node-negative invasive breast carcinomas and warrant further study with larger patient cohorts. | yes |
12,543,898 | Is cMV infection of the renal allograft much more common than the pathology indicates : a retrospective analysis of qualitative and quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR , renal biopsy pathology and tissue CMV-PCR? | {
"contexts": [
"Quantitative blood polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for cytomegalovirus (CMV) is used to direct therapy in kidney transplant patients, but cytomegalic inclusions are rarely found in allograft renal biopsies even with an elevated serum creatinine and apparent CMV disease. The relationship between q... | CMV nephropathy is much more common than previously reported when sensitive techniques are used for detection in tissue. Acute rejection and CMV viraemia occur commonly together in patients at risk for CMV. Quantitative buffy coat CMV-PCR does not correlate with the presence of CMV inclusions. These findings have impli... | yes |
12,547,408 | Do kupffer cells modulate splenic interleukin-10 production in endotoxin-induced liver injury after partial hepatectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was conducted to investigate the implication of Kupffer cells and the spleen in interleukin (IL)-10 production in endotoxin-induced liver injury after hepatectomy.",
"Rats were divided into five groups: the S group, sham-operation; the SG group, sham-operation followed by intraveno... | Kupffer cells after hepatectomy may aggravate endotoxin-induced liver injury via down-regulation of IL-10 production in the spleen. | yes |
12,544,863 | Does expression of A20 in the vessel wall of rat-kidney allografts correlate with protection from transplant arteriosclerosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic rejection with development of transplant arteriosclerosis is the major culprit involved in loss of kidney allografts. The allografts' fate was thought to depend on the intensity of the host immune responses and the potency of immunosuppressive regimens. Recent data suggests that grafts co... | We demonstrate for the first time a strict correlation between A20 expression in the vessel and the absence of transplant arteriosclerosis in rat kidney-allograft models. This data is similar to data obtained in human kidney allografts and suggests that A20 may represent a novel therapeutic target for the prevention of... | yes |
12,535,453 | Does outcome measures and need assessment tools for schizophrenia and related disorders? | {
"contexts": [
"There has been a recent trend to encourage routine outcome measurement and needs assessment as an aid to decision making in clinical practice and patient care. Standardised instruments have been developed which measure clinical symptoms of disorders such as schizophrenia, wider health related qua... | The routine use of outcomes measures and needs assessment tools is, as yet, unsupported by high quality evidence of clinical and cost effectiveness. Clinicians, patients and policy makers alike may wish to see randomised evidence before this strategy is routinely adopted. | yes |
12,532,108 | Is there no evidence of an inverse relationship between TH2-mediated atopy and TH1-mediated autoimmune disorders : Lack of support for the hygiene hypothesis? | {
"contexts": [
"The findings of an inverse relationship between T(H)1- and T(H)2-mediated disorders would provide strong empiric support to the hygiene hypothesis.",
"We sought to investigate the relationship between T(H)2-mediated atopic allergy and T(H)1-mediated autoimmune conditions in a nationally repre... | We found no evidence of an inverse relationship between atopy and patient reports of physician-diagnosed common autoimmune disorders in the adult American population. Contrary to our initial hypothesis, reports of physician-diagnosed common allergic disorders are positively associated with reports of physician-diagnose... | yes |
12,532,103 | Is receptor internalization required for eotaxin-induced responses in human eosinophils? | {
"contexts": [
"CC chemokine receptor 3 (CCR3) is a major chemokine receptor involved in regulating eosinophil trafficking, and therefore the elucidation of ligand-induced CCR3 events has important implications in understanding the biologic and pathologic properties of eosinophils. After ligand binding to CCR3, ... | These results establish that CCR3 internalization is critically involved in select eosinophil functional responses (ie, cellular shape change and actin polymerization) but not desensitization and calcium mobilization. | yes |
12,532,105 | Does myosin light chain kinase mediate eosinophil chemotaxis in a mitogen-activated protein kinase-dependent manner? | {
"contexts": [
"Eosinophil migration in the tissue is one characteristic feature of allergic diseases. The CC chemokine eotaxin plays a pivotal role in local accumulation of eosinophils. Myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) is known to regulate cytoskeletal rearrangement and cell motility by means of phosphorylation... | These results suggest that eotaxin regulates MLCK through both extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and p38 MAP kinase. MLCK activation is a critical step in the cytoskeletal rearrangements leading to eosinophil migration. | yes |
12,532,136 | Is objective manual assessment of lumbar posteroanterior stiffness now possible? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the reliability and criterion-related validity of a revised version of the reference-based protocol for manually assessing lumbar posteroanterior (PA) stiffness. With the revised protocol, a therapist matched the stiffness of the spine to 1 of 11 stiffness references provided by a mec... | This research shows that therapists can accurately judge asymptomatic subjects' spinal stiffness using a matching task. We believe that this method may allow therapists to quantify lumbar PA stiffness in clinical practice. | yes |
12,539,655 | Does [ The disinfection efficiency comparison of different treatments on dental impression and gypsum cast ]? | {
"contexts": [
"In this study, the disinfecting efficiency of five disinfecting methods to three bacterial: Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus sanguis and Bacillus subtilis were evaluated.",
"Germ free impressions and gypsum casts were divided into three teams contained 16 impressions and 5 gypsum cas... | 2% glutaraldehyde immersion, spray, 5% Eric immersion, spray are all effective disinfecting methods for impressions and ozone treatment is an effective method in disinfecting the gypsum casts. | yes |
12,532,106 | Are polymorphisms in the IL 18 gene associated with specific sensitization to common allergens and allergic rhinitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Atopy has been linked to chromosome 11q22, a region that harbors the IL18 gene. IL-18 enhances IL-4/IL-13 production and induces IgE production that is directly associated with the pathogenesis of atopic disorders.",
"We sought to investigate whether genetic abnormalities in the regulatory re... | IL18 might be responsible for the linkage effects seen in the chromosomal region 11q22, which has been found previously with the phenotype "sensitization to mite allergen." Thus a suspected direct role of IL18 in the pathogenesis of atopy has been strengthened by the presence of 8 common SNPs in the promoter regions of... | yes |
12,552,049 | Do sera from Guillain-Barré patients enhance leakage in blood-nerve barrier model? | {
"contexts": [
"In Guillain-Barré syndrome (GBS), the destruction or malfunction of blood-nerve barrier (BNB) has been considered to be the beginning of the disease process. It is unclear whether sera from patients with GBS can open the BNB, and which component of patient sera is most important in the dysregulat... | The authors found an unfavorable effect of sera from patients with GBS on BNB function, supporting involvement of humoral factors causing BNB derangement in the acute stage. Serial evaluation of permeability change using the authors' in vitro system might be useful for the clinical assessment of BNB derangement in indi... | yes |
12,559,548 | Is postprandial hypertriglyceridemia-induced endothelial dysfunction in healthy subjects independent of lipid oxidation? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the effects of postprandial hypertriglyceridemia with or without antioxidant supplementation-on endothelial function as related to lipid oxidation in healthy young subjects.",
"Ten healthy male subjects (mean age: 26 years) were examined three times in fasting state (10 hours) foll... | This study suggests that postprandial hypertriglyceridemia-induced endothelial dysfunction is not associated with lipid oxidation and that the protective effects of vitamin E on endothelial function may be due to some alternative, as of yet unknown, mechanism. | yes |
12,551,865 | Does xanthine oxidase inhibition reverse endothelial dysfunction in heavy smokers? | {
"contexts": [
"Cigarette smoking causes endothelial dysfunction, possibly through increased oxidant stress. The enzyme xanthine oxidase produces oxidative free radicals. We tested the hypothesis that xanthine oxidase contributes to endothelial dysfunction in cigarette smokers by administering the inhibitor allo... | Smoking-induced endothelial dysfunction of resistance vessels is rapidly reversed with oral allopurinol. These data suggest that xanthine oxidase contributes importantly to endothelial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoking. | yes |
12,556,371 | Does tissue differential microarray analysis of dexamethasone induction reveal potential mechanisms of steroid glaucoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify myocilin (TIGR/MYOC) properties that are specific to the human trabecular meshwork (HTM). To search for genes highly expressed in dexamethasone (DEX)-induced HTM cells that are barely expressed or absent in DEX-induced cells from other tissues.",
"TIGR/MYOC induction by DEX (10(-7... | The induction of TIGR/MYOC by DEX is HTM-specific, whereas its secretory and glycosylation characteristics are ubiquitous. The known functions of HTM-DEX-specific genes reveal the presence of protective and damaging mechanisms for regulation of IOP during DEX treatment. Besides TIGR/MYOC, other HTM-DEX-specific genes m... | yes |
12,534,926 | Does urinary oxalic acid excretion differ after oral loading of rats with various oxalate salts? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare urinary oxalate excretion after the oral administration of oxalic acid, disodium oxalate, or calcium oxalate in rats.",
"Male Wistar rats were divided into four groups of six rats each and were intravenously hydrated with normal saline, and then were administered normal saline (con... | The upper gastrointestinal tract seems to be the major site of oxalic acid absorption and only free oxalate is absorbed irrespective of whether it is the sodium salt or not. After binding to calcium in the gut, oxalic acid absorption seems to be inhibited in the presence of calcium and this means that calcium oxalate i... | yes |
12,538,451 | Are deletions in chromosome arms 3p and 11q new prognostic markers in localized and 4s neuroblastoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To find new nonrandom chromosomal changes in neuroblastoma (NB) with a potential to forecast the patient's outcome, alterations in chromosome arms 3p and 11q were investigated.",
"Frequency and prognostic potential of 3p and 11q alterations in 144 NBs were analyzed using interphase fluorescen... | Alterations in 3p and 11q are frequent nonrandom aberrations in NB and define a new high-risk subgroup in MYCN single copy stage 1-3 and 4s disease. | yes |
12,540,346 | Is alpha 1-acid glycoprotein an independent predictor of in-hospital death in the elderly? | {
"contexts": [
"to determine the contribution of the two acute phase proteins alpha 1-acid glycoprotein, and C-reactive protein to the prediction of overall mortality in hospitalised elderly patients.",
"prospective cohort study.",
"a department of geriatric medicine of Charles Richet Hospital, in the Pa... | this study shows that the increase in plasma levels at admission of two acute-phase proteins, alpha 1-acid glycoprotein and C-reactive protein, were associated with in-hospital mortality in a population of hospitalised elderly patients. Furthermore, associations of overall mortality with inflammation differed among the... | yes |
12,534,556 | Are smoking , atopy and certain furry pets major determinants of respiratory symptoms in children : the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood Study ( Ireland )? | {
"contexts": [
"Environmental, cultural and health care differences may account for variation among countries in the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms in teenagers.",
"To examine the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and the level of diagnosis, and to compare determinants of asthma and severe wh... | Cigarette smoking is closely associated with the reporting of significant respiratory symptoms together with atopy and exposure to furry pets. Some 20-37% of severe symptoms were neither diagnosed nor treated as asthma. | yes |
12,534,553 | Is interleukin-10 gene promoter region polymorphism associated with eosinophil count and circulating immunoglobulin E in adult asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"IL-10 has several functional effects relevant to asthma. It can modulate IgE production and induce apoptosis in eosinophils. Polymorphisms of IL-10 gene have been shown to affect IL-10 production.",
"To establish whether IL-10 polymorphisms are associated with asthma and phenotype-related cha... | These results suggest that the eosinophil counts and serum IgE are differently regulated by IL-10 genotype in asthmatic and in normal subjects. However, IL-10 polymorphism is not related to susceptibility in asthma. | yes |
12,534,559 | Is metalloproteinase-9 increased after toluene diisocyanate exposure in the induced sputum from patients with toluene diisocyanate-induced asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Persistent asthma symptoms are associated with airway inflammation and remodeling, which may be mediated through metalloproteinase (MMP) and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP). The aim of this study was to evaluate MMPs and TIMP involvement in toluene diisocyanate (TDI)-induced asthma."... | TDI exposure leads to overproduction of MMP-9, which may induce airway inflammation and remodeling, and then contribute to persistent asthmatic symptoms in TDI-induced asthma. | yes |
12,536,577 | Do [ The murine submandibular gland conditioned medium induce the development of CFU-GM and CFU-meg ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose is to determine whether murine submandibular gland produce hematopoietic growth factors or not and which hematopoietic growth factor are produced by murine submandibular gland.",
"By using the techniques of culture of hematopoietic progenitor cells(CFU-GM, CFU-Meg) ex vivo, flow-c... | Submandibular gland can stimulate the development of CFU-GM and CFU-Meg by secreting hematopoietic growth factor-like activities. Our study provide the experimental evidences for clarifying the relationship between submandibular gland and hematopoiesis. | yes |
12,553,033 | Does endogenous tumor necrosis factor promote resistance to cellular stresses by inducing the metallothionein-1A gene? | {
"contexts": [
"Endogenous tumor necrosis factor (enTNF) acts as a resistance factor against anticancer drugs, heat and exogenous TNF via induction of manganous superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and heat shock protein 72 (HSP72), while the details of interaction with other molecules are not fully understood. We compa... | Metallothionein-1A could be induced by enTNF, resulting in resistance against various cellular stresses. | yes |
12,553,479 | Are transient rebounds of low-level viraemia among HIV-infected patients under HAART associated with virological or immunological failure? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyse whether blips are associated with a higher risk of virological or immunological failure than persistent undetectable viraemia (UND) among HIV-infected patients receiving HAART.",
"Retrospective cohort study.",
"Patients with blips or UND were selected from a prospective cohort ... | Patients under HAART with transient low-level viraemia are not at an increased risk of developing virological or immunological failure. | no |
12,527,541 | Does in-home respite intervention reduce plasma epinephrine in stressed Alzheimer caregivers? | {
"contexts": [
"Some excess morbidity and mortality in Alzheimer caregivers (CGs) may be related to chronic activation of the sympatho-adrenal-medullary (SAM) system. Authors tested the efficacy of an in-home respite intervention to reduce peripheral markers of SAM activation and psychological distress in spousa... | Findings suggest that an in-home respite program may reduce SAM activation independent of psychological symptoms. To the extent that sympathetic activation mediates pathophysiological events, these results suggest an approach that may reduce morbidity and mortality in certain caregivers. | yes |
12,544,023 | Does bone cement as adjuvant techniques for ossicular chain reconstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"The osseointegrative capacity of medical-grade bone cement can be used to improve fixation and prevent displacement of an ossicular prosthesis in a guinea pig model.",
"Successful ossiculoplasty requires a firm connection between the vibrating tympanic membrane and the inner ear. In patients ... | Hydroxyapatite and Dahllite bone cements showed evidence of osseointegration with ossicular bone in the guinea pig model. Further studies are under way to determine the osseointegrative capacity of Dahllite cement between the guinea pig malleus and a partial prosthesis, and any ototoxic effects with use in the middle e... | yes |
12,541,273 | Does stressful psychosocial work environment increase risk for back pain among retail material handlers? | {
"contexts": [
"Back pain is a major source of lost work time. Occupational physical activity only accounts for a fraction of low back pain; therefore, there is growing interest in investigating other possible causes of back pain including the psychosocial work environment.",
"Material handlers (N = 6,311) i... | Modification of the psychosocial work environment for material handlers in large retail stores may help reduce back pain among employees. | yes |
12,529,966 | Do basic HGF-like peptides inhibit generation of liver metastases in murine and human tumor models? | {
"contexts": [
"We have postulated that the peptide domain(s) of the heparin-binding cytokine(s) might have biological activity, which theoretically could be exploited for modulation of the biological behavior of cancer cells.",
"We used HGF as a model heparin-binding cytokine and synthesized two HGF beta-ch... | Recent data on the antiangiogenic effects of these basic peptides partially explain the in vivo antimetastatic activity. We suggest the small basic penta-hexapeptides as a new class of biological response modifiers which can modulate the metastatic process. | yes |
12,544,338 | Does testis histopathology in boys with cryptorchidism correlate with future fertility potential? | {
"contexts": [
"We studied the ability of testis biopsy to predict eventual fertility potential.",
"A total of 25 patients with unilateral undescended testis and 11 with bilateral undescended testes who previously underwent orchiopexy at a median age of 9 years were followed until after age 18 years. Semen a... | Testis biopsy provides useful prognostic information about semen analysis in patients with unilateral undescended testis. In the 9 patients with bilateral undescended testes testis biopsy divided them into normal and abnormal groups in terms of hormonal parameters. Testis biopsy was not able to provide additional progn... | yes |
12,556,983 | Do [ Oxygen-carrying solutions improve tissue oxygenation in striated skin muscle subjected to critical ischemia ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of the oxygen-carrying hemoglobin solution DCLHb (diaspirin-crosslinked hemoglobin) on microvascular perfusion and tissue oxygenation in striated skin muscle after the induction of critical ischemia followed by reperfusion.",
"Using ... | These results show that the oxygen-carrying solution DCLHb is significantly more efficient than the commonly used crystalloid solutions in restoration of tissue PO(2) after ischemia-reperfusion. The use of this solution therefore appears promising as a means of protecting the tissue put at risk by ischemia from reperfu... | yes |
12,556,824 | Do serendipitous findings from an Illinois ED nursing educational survey reflect a crisis in emergency nursing? | {
"contexts": [
"A survey conducted by the Research Council Of Illinois ENA was intended to assess educational needs, but it revealed some very important serendipitous findings. This survey gave a voice to the frustrations of emergency nurses.",
"A 31-question survey was distributed to 900 Illinois ENA member... | The first step toward addressing a growing crisis in emergency nursing is to listen to the voices of emergency nurses themselves and let their frustrations be heard. The spontaneous comments of emergency nurses point to serious, pervasive, systemic problems in emergency nursing. Such problems will not be solved by "qui... | yes |
12,530,612 | Is elevated monocyte chemotactic protein-1 in amniotic fluid a risk factor for pregnancy loss? | {
"contexts": [
"Pregnancy loss after mid-trimester amniocentesis occurs in 0.5-1% of cases and is frequently attributed to the procedure. Accumulating evidence implicates a pre-existing, but clinically silent, intra-amniotic inflammation in the etiology of adverse pregnancy outcome after mid-trimester amniocente... | A subset of women who had a pregnancy loss after a mid-trimester amniocentesis had higher concentrations of the chemokine MCP-1 than those who had a normal pregnancy outcome. Subclinical intra-amniotic inflammation is a risk factor for pregnancy loss after mid-trimester amniocentesis. This observation may have medicole... | yes |
12,527,661 | Is myocardial contrast echocardiography superior to other known modalities for assessing myocardial reperfusion after acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiographic flow measurements do not define perfusion accurately at a microvascular level, so other techniques which assess flow at a tissue level are to be preferred.",
"To compare intravenous myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) with other methods of assessing microvascular reperfusi... | MCE is currently the best and most accurate measure of reperfusion at a microvascular level and an excellent predictor of left ventricular function at one month following acute myocardial infarction. | yes |
12,559,603 | Is differential apolipoprotein ( a ) isoform expression in heterozygosity an independent contributor to lipoprotein ( a ) levels variability? | {
"contexts": [
"Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] levels represent an independent risk factor for cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases. Since lipoprotein(a) levels show a wide variability even in subjects with similar apolipoprotein(a) isoforms, we investigated the contribution of apolipoprotein(a) heterozygosity to lipopr... | The smaller isoforms are not always effectively dominant in heterozygosis since 40% of the subjects expressed more the larger isoform. The individual variability of apolipoprotein(a) isoform expression in heterozygosis could explain part of the lipoprotein(a) levels variability. | yes |
12,542,917 | Does quantitative detection of peripheral thyroglobulin mRNA have limited clinical value in the follow-up of thyroid cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"As recurrences after treatment for differentiated thyroid cancer can occur many years after thyroidectomy, periodic monitoring of serum thyroglobulin (Tg) levels is performed in these patients. However, autoantibodies that can interfere with Tg immunoassays occur in the blood of approximately 25%... | We were not able to confirm earlier positive reports on the clinical value of Tg mRNA measurement for the monitoring of patients treated for thyroid cancer. | yes |
12,528,093 | Does acupuncture inhibit sympathetic activation during mental stress in advanced heart failure patients? | {
"contexts": [
"In heart failure (HF) patients, muscle sympathetic nerve activity is increased, and HF patients with the greatest sympathetic activation have the poorest prognosis. In animals, acupuncture is sympathoinhibitory, and the most profound sympathoinhibition occurs in animals with the highest resting s... | Acute acupuncture attenuates sympathoexcitation during mental stress in advanced HF patients. | yes |
12,531,758 | Are glenohumeral translations only partially restored after repair of a simulated type II superior labral lesion? | {
"contexts": [
"The effect on joint stability of repair of type II superior labrum and biceps anchor lesions is unknown.",
"Increased translations of the glenohumeral joint after a simulated type II lesion will be reduced after the lesion is repaired.",
"Controlled laboratory study.",
"A robotic/univ... | Repair of a type II lesion only partially restored glenohumeral translations to that of the vented joint. | yes |
12,552,296 | Does prevalence and correlate of irritable bowel symptoms in a New Zealand birth cohort? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the prevalence and correlates of bowel symptoms and the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) in a birth cohort of young New Zealanders.",
"Participants in the Dunedin Multidisciplinary Health and Development Study at age 26 completed a validated Bowel Disease Questionnaire expressing t... | Bowel-related abdominal symptoms, including those required for a diagnosis of IBS, are very common in 26-year-old New Zealanders; the prevalence of these symptoms is very similar to that recorded previously in Europe and the USA. | yes |
12,537,602 | Does tumor necrosis factor-alpha +489G/A gene polymorphism is associate with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by a chronic inflammatory process, in which the pro-inflammatory cytokine Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)-alpha is considered to play a role. In the present study the putative involvement of TNF-alpha gene polymorphisms in pathogenesis of ... | Based on the reported data, it is concluded that COPD, and especially a subgroup of COPD patients without radiological emphysema, is associated with TNF-alpha +489G/A gene polymorphism. | yes |
12,537,604 | Does insulin utilize the PI 3-kinase pathway to inhibit SP-A gene expression in lung epithelial cells? | {
"contexts": [
"It has been proposed that high insulin levels may cause delayed lung development in the fetuses of diabetic mothers. A key event in lung development is the production of adequate amounts of pulmonary surfactant. Insulin inhibits the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A), the major surfactant-... | Insulin inhibition of SP-A gene expression in lung epithelial cells probably occurs via the rapamycin-sensitive PI 3-kinase signaling pathway. | yes |
12,528,113 | Is induction of matrix metalloproteinase 1 gene expression regulated by inflammation-responsive transcription factor SAF-1 in osteoarthritis? | {
"contexts": [
"To identify specific transcription factors that are activated in the cartilage tissue of osteoarthritis (OA) patients and are involved in the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP-1).",
"DNase I footprint and electrophoretic mobility shift assays were performed to identify active elem... | The results indicate that SAF-1 is involved in the regulation of MMP1 gene expression and it is highly abundant in the articular cartilage chondrocytes of OA patients. The data also demonstrate that control of SAF-1 activity can suppress induced expression of MMP-1. Conceivably, SAF-1 could be a potential therapeutic t... | yes |
12,543,878 | Does creatine supplementation affect kidney function in an animal model with pre-existing renal failure? | {
"contexts": [
"Creatine is widely used as an ergogenic substance among athletes. Safety of prolonged creatine intake has been questioned, based upon case reports and animal data. We investigated the effect of prolonged creatine ingestion on renal function in animals with normal kidney function or pre-existing k... | Creatine supplementation at a dosage of 2% w/w for 4 weeks does not impair kidney function in animals with pre-existing renal failure or in control animals. | no |
12,543,879 | Does hMG-CoA reductase inhibitor ameliorate diabetic nephropathy by its pleiotropic effects in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"An inflammatory process may be one of the critical factors that contribute to the development of diabetic nephropathy (DN). We reported previously that intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is up-regulated and promotes macrophage infiltration in the glomeruli of diabetic rats. 3-Hydroxy-3-me... | Statin treatment prevented glomerular injury, independent of the cholesterol-lowering effects. Our findings suggest that the beneficial effect might be mediated by pleiotropic effects including an anti-inflammatory action through a reduction of oxidative stress, NF-kappaB activation, ICAM-1 expression and macrophage in... | yes |
12,552,248 | Is supine body position an important factor influencing postprandial ambulatory blood pressure? | {
"contexts": [
"Although body position is known to be an important factor influencing the results of ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM), even very recent studies assessing postprandial blood pressure (BP) have not taken into account the possibility that the examined subjects were lying down after a meal... | Our results indicate that supine body position is an important factor, which may influence postprandial BP investigated by ABPM. Body position should always be taken into consideration when ABPM results are analysed. | yes |
12,534,547 | Does german cockroach extract increase bronchial epithelial cell interleukin-8 expression? | {
"contexts": [
"Cockroach exposure has been recognized as a common trigger for asthma. While dust mite and Aspergillus fumigatus aeroallergens have been noted to have direct effects on airway epithelium, direct effects of cockroach proteins have not been determined.",
"The purpose of this study was to invest... | German cockroach extract contains novel serine protease activity which has a direct pro-inflammatory effect on airway epithelial cells | yes |
12,534,549 | Does allergen-specific conventional immunotherapy decrease immunoglobulin E-mediated basophil histamine releasability? | {
"contexts": [
"Allergen-specific immunotherapy has proven to be clinically effective in the treatment of patients with atopic asthma; however, the mechanisms are still unclear. Several noted immunological changes include an increase of the allergen-specific IgG antibody, a reduction in the allergen-specific IgE... | Basophils have the potential to play an important role in the early clinical improvement of conventional immunotherapy in children with atopic asthma, which may be a result of the decreased IgE-mediated histamine releasability during immunotherapy. | yes |
12,543,199 | Does frosted branch angiitis associated with Harada disease-like manifestations recur 10 years later? | {
"contexts": [
"To describe a case with frosted branch angiitis occurring in association with manifestations of Harada disease.",
"A 41-year-old man developed marked iridocyclitis, frosted branch angiitis and retinal white dots, together with serous detachment of the sensory retina in the posterior pole of b... | Fluorescein angiography and spinal tap supported the diagnosis of Harada disease in the patient. The present patient could be diagnosed as having either Harada disease with frosted branch-like response or frosted branch angiitis with serous retinal detachment as occurs in Harada disease. | yes |
12,548,604 | Are moderate sun exposure and nevus counts in parents associated with development of melanocytic nevi in childhood : a risk factor study in 1,812 kindergarten children? | {
"contexts": [
"Melanocytic nevi have been identified as the most important risk factor for cutaneous melanoma. Sun exposure, sunburns, and light pigmentation have been found to be associated with their development in childhood. To the authors' knowledge, nevus proneness of parents and the exact type of ultravio... | The authors found a strong association between nevus development in children and the number of parental moles, which most likely points to an inherited factor. Moderate sun exposure such as outdoor activities during a German summer without sunburns seemed to be sufficient for induction of melanocytic nevi. The authors ... | yes |
12,548,606 | Does low expression of p27 indicate a poor prognosis in patients with high-grade astrocytomas? | {
"contexts": [
"Two families of tumor suppressor genes, Cip/Kip (p21, p27, and 57) and INK4 (p15, p16, p18, and p19), regulate cell proliferation and neoplastic transformation. p27 exerts its suppressor effect through cyclin E-dependent kinase (CDK2) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of pRb by CDK2, which, in tu... | Although p27 and p21 are parallel cell-cycle regulators, only p27 has independent prognostic value in patients with malignant astrocytomas. It appears that decreased levels of p21/p27 are associated with a poor prognosis and short survival. | yes |
12,545,684 | Are activated satellite cells present in uninjured extraocular muscles of mature mice? | {
"contexts": [
"We recently demonstrated that there is a continuous process of myonuclear addition into normal, uninjured adult myofibers in rabbit extraocular muscles (EOM). This phenomenon is not seen in skeletal muscles from normal, adult limbs. These features may explain the selective involvement of the EOM ... | These data indicate that the process of continuous myonuclear addition is also active in mouse EOM. These findings will allow various mutant mouse models to be used to study the pathogenesis and treatment of various muscle disorders. The existence of continuous myonuclear addition in adult, uninjured EOM fundamentally ... | yes |
12,546,072 | Do s100B blood levels correlate with rewarming time and cerebral Doppler in pediatric open heart surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Brain hyperthermia, accompanying the rewarming phase of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), has been involved in the genesis of postoperative brain damage. Blood S100B levels are emerging as a marker of brain distress, and could offer a reliable monitoring tool at different times during and after open ... | The present results show a significant correlation between a biochemical marker of brain damage and an index of increased cerebrovascular resistance, with higher levels during the rewarming CPB phase in pediatric open heart surgery. | yes |
12,528,762 | Is circulating oxidized low-density lipoprotein ( LDL ) associated with risk factors of the metabolic syndrome and LDL size in clinically healthy 58-year-old men ( AIR study )? | {
"contexts": [
"Hypothetically the atherogenic effect of the metabolic syndrome may be mediated through the increased occurrence of small LDL-particles which are easily modified to atherogenic oxidized LDL (ox-LDL). The aim of this study was to test this concept by examining the association between circulating o... | The metabolic syndrome was accompanied by high plasma ox-LDL concentrations compared with those without the syndrome. Ox-LDL levels were associated with most of the risk factors constituting the metabolic syndrome and was, in addition related to small LDL-particle size. To our knowledge the present study is the first o... | yes |
12,541,778 | Does [ Different sampling method affect the voice assessment results for the patient with vocal polyp ]? | {
"contexts": [
"In order to definitude the influence caused by the different sampling in voice assessment.",
"We comparing the results acquired by total section and subsection sampling.",
"The results acquired by subsection tended to normal more than those acquired by total section."
],
"labels": [
... | Subsection sampling voice assessment might conceal the degree of the disease state of patients. | yes |
12,543,285 | Are valvular flow abnormalities often identified by a resting focused Doppler examination performed at the time of stress echocardiography? | {
"contexts": [
"Patients are usually referred for stress echocardiography to assess whether there is inducible myocardial ischemia. At some centers, a focused Doppler examination is also performed. We sought to determine the clinical value of this additional study by examining how often valvular flow abnormaliti... | Focused Doppler documents valvular flow abnormalities in 17% of patients referred for stress echocardiography, thereby enhancing the potential overall value of the test. The frequency of new findings was independent of the time interval from the previous Doppler study. These data should be considered when clinicians ch... | yes |
12,538,490 | Does interleukin-6 promote androgen-independent growth in LNCaP human prostate cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Prostate cancer frequently progresses from an initial androgen dependence to androgen independence, rendering the only effective androgen ablation therapy useless. The mechanism underlying the androgen-independent progression is incompletely understood. Interleukin (IL)-6 has been implicated in t... | These studies clearly provide experimental evidence that IL-6 initiates and/or enhances the transition of prostate cancer cells from an androgen-dependent to an androgen-independent phenotype. | yes |
12,538,994 | Is continuous retrograde blood cardioplegia associated with lower hospital mortality after heart valve surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Myocardial preservation studies comparing blood and crystalloid cardioplegia techniques were almost exclusively performed on patients undergoing coronary bypass, and they were unable to show a difference in hospital mortality. We investigated possible factors, including cardioplegia techniques, i... | This study shows that continuous retrograde blood cardioplegia is associated with lower hospital mortality in heart valve operations. | yes |
12,541,081 | Does erythropoietin prevent ischemia-reperfusion from inducing oxidative damage in fetal rat brain? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to show the effect of erythropoietin on ischemia-reperfusion-induced oxidative damage in fetal rat brain.",
"Fetal brain ischemia was induced by clamping the utero-ovarian artery bilaterally for 20 min, and reperfusion was achieved by removing the clamps for 30 min. ... | Recombinant human erythropoietin has been shown to have neuroprotective effect in intrauterine ischemia-reperfusion-induced fetal brain damage in rats. | yes |
12,534,663 | Does valid assessment of the clinical features of depression by relatives appear to slip under the RADAR? | {
"contexts": [
"We report on the development of an observational measure designed for completion by relatives, the Recent Appearance of Depression Assessed by Relatives (RADAR), and consider its validity.",
"One hundred and one patients with a current major depressive episode had a relative or close friend c... | Results are consistent with previous findings of poor agreement between clinicians and corroborative witnesses in assessing clinical depressive features, and argue against reliance on corroborative witness reports. | yes |
12,533,152 | Do use of AlloDerm implant to prevent frey syndrome after parotidectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effectiveness of AlloDerm, an acellular human dermal matrix graft, as an interpositional physical barrier to prevent the development of Frey syndrome after parotidectomy.",
"The 30 patients included in the study were divided into 3 groups of 10. In group 1 (study group), patie... | The use of AlloDerm graft as an interpositional barrier improves parotidectomy outcome by reducing the incidence of Frey syndrome. | yes |
12,527,675 | Are exercise systolic blood pressures of questionable value in the assessment of the adult with a previous coarctation repair? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of exercise testing in the follow up of adults with a coarctation repair is unclear. Exercise induced systolic hypertension has been advocated as an indication for further investigation; however, the value of exercise testing in this role has been questioned, especially in paediatric pop... | Measurements of upper limb blood pressure during exercise are of limited value in the assessment of the post-repair coarctation patient. If routine exercise testing is to be advocated in this population it must be for another indication. | yes |
12,543,999 | Do high- and low-alcohol-preferring mice show differences in conditioned taste aversion to alcohol? | {
"contexts": [
"Genetic differences in sensitivity to the aversive effects of alcohol may contribute to alcohol drinking behavior. The present study examined the development of conditioned taste aversion (CTA) to various doses of alcohol in two pairs of mouse lines selectively bred for high (HAP) and low (LAP) a... | These data suggest that mice selectively bred for low alcohol preference are more sensitive to the development of alcohol CTA than mice selectively bred for high alcohol preference. The present findings indicate that common genes mediate both alcohol preference and the aversive effects of alcohol as measured in the CTA... | yes |
12,553,945 | Is the liver an important organ in the metabolism of asymmetrical dimethylarginine ( ADMA )? | {
"contexts": [
"Asymmetrical dimethylarginine (ADMA) is an endogenous inhibitor of nitric oxide (NO) synthase enzymes, whereas symmetrical dimethylarginine (SDMA) competes with arginine transport. Although both dimethylarginines may be important regulators of the arginine-NO pathway, their metabolism is largely ... | The liver plays an important role in the metabolism of ADMA by taking up large amounts of ADMA from the systemic circulation. | yes |
12,552,203 | Does the alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist dexmedetomidine converge on an endogenous sleep-promoting pathway to exert its sedative effects? | {
"contexts": [
"The authors investigated whether the sedative, or hypnotic, action of the general anesthetic dexmedetomidine (a selective alpha -adrenoceptor agonist) activates endogenous nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep-promoting pathways.",
"c-Fos expression in sleep-promoting brain nuclei was assessed i... | The authors propose that endogenous sleep pathways are causally involved in dexmedetomidine-induced sedation; dexmedetomidine's sedative mechanism involves inhibition of the LC, which disinhibits VLPO firing. The increased release of GABA at the terminals of the VLPO inhibits TMN firing, which is required for the sedat... | yes |
12,542,581 | Are inpatient transfers to the intensive care unit : delays associated with increased mortality and morbidity? | {
"contexts": [
"To examine if delayed transfer to the intensive care unit (ICU) after physiologic deterioration is associated with increased morbidity and mortality.",
"Inception cohort.",
"Community hospital in Ogden, Utah.",
"Ninety-one consecutive inpatients with noncardiac diagnoses at the time o... | Slow transfer to the ICU of physiologically defined high-risk hospitalized patients was associated with increased risk of death. Slow response to physiologic deterioration may explain these findings. | yes |
12,558,554 | Does vasopressin increase milk flow and milk fat concentration in the goat? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to investigate whether physiological doses of vasopressin affect milk flow and milk composition in goats.",
"Six goats were given vasopressin intravenously at doses of 0.1 ng kg(-1) min(-1) (a low dose, VL), 0.3 ng kg(-1) min(-1) (a medium dose, VM) and 1.0 ng kg(-1)... | We conclude that vasopressin increases milk flow and milk fat concentration and suggest that vasopressin, like oxytocin, acts on the myoepithelial cells. | yes |
12,548,417 | Are plasma levels of soluble CD40 ligand elevated in inflammatory bowel diseases? | {
"contexts": [
"CD40/CD40 ligand (CD40L) interaction is important for induction of T cell dependent antibody production and cell-mediated immune responses. Overexpression of CD40/CD40L in the intestinal mucosa is likely to be involved in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). A soluble form of CD4... | Elevated plasma levels of sCD40L in CD patients supposedly reflect activation of functional CD40L in the intestine and might be a marker of intestinal inflammation. | yes |
12,529,971 | Does iFN gamma-induced up-regulation of PD-ECGF/TP enhance the cytotoxicity of 5-fluorouracil and 5'-deoxy-5-fluorouridine in bladder cancer cells? | {
"contexts": [
"PD-ECGF/TP is an essential enzyme in converting 5'DFUR and 5FU to their active metabolites and can be up-regulated by some cytokines.",
"PD-ECGF/TP mRNA and protein expressions were determined by RT-PCR and Western blot, respectively. The cytotoxicity of 5FU, 5'DFUR or MMC against RT-4 and T2... | IFN gamma enhances the cytotoxicity of 5FU and 5'DFUR against human bladder cancer cells through induction of PD-ECGF/TP. The results imply that an IFN gamma/5FU or IFN gamma/5'DFUR combination therapy may be applicable to clinical bladder cancers. | yes |
12,545,074 | Is live attenuated , nef-deleted SIV pathogenic in most adult macaques after prolonged observation? | {
"contexts": [
"A live attenuated SIV vaccine strain, termed SIVmac239Delta3 and containing large deletions in, and the negative regulatory element, was previously shown to cause AIDS mostly in monkeys vaccinated as infants. In the present study, we demonstrate that SIVmac239Delta3 is pathogenic in most vaccinat... | Our data demonstrate that with time, a live attenuated, multiply deleted SIV vaccine can cause immune dysregulation in most vaccine recipients, even in initially immune competent, healthy adults. Immune dysfunction can progress to full AIDS. However, pathogenic effects became evident only several years after vaccinatio... | yes |
12,545,077 | Are human Leydig cells productively infected by some HIV-2 and SIV strains but not by HIV-1? | {
"contexts": [
"With the use of highly active antiretroviral therapy, the identification of HIV reservoirs within the body has become an important issue. However, the testis has been largely ignored despite representing a pharmacologic sanctuary which could act as a viral reservoir.",
"Because alterations in... | Our results suggest that Leydig cells do not represent a target for HIV-1 infection within the testis. In contrast, Leydig cells support HIV-2 and SIV infection and thus represent a potential target for infection. Receptor use and significance of HIV-2/SIV infection of Leydig cells remain to be determined. | yes |
12,534,445 | Does short-term cortisol infusion in the brachial artery , with and without inhibiting 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase , alter forearm vascular resistance in normotensive and hypertensive subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Vascular tone is increased in primary hypertension, and glucocorticoids affect vascular tone. Local cortisol availability is modulated by activity of 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (11 beta-HSD). As this activity may be decreased in patients with primary hypertension, vascular sensitivity t... | In both normotensive and hypertensive subjects, high-dose cortisol infusion both with and without 11 beta-HSD inhibition did not change FVR either immediately or after 2 h. We could not demonstrate in vivo 11 beta-HSD activity in the forearm vascular tissues. When binding of cortisone to CBG is changed, e.g. during cor... | no |
12,534,444 | Is methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene C677T mutation related to the defects in the internal elastic lamina of the artery wall? | {
"contexts": [
"The C677T mutation of the methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene leads to C/C, C/T and T/T genotypes, which affect the plasma homocysteine concentration in humans. In mini-pigs, high serum homocysteine levels are associated with defects in the internal elastic lamina (IEL) of the artery... | Our result suggests that MTHFR polymorphism may be involved in the fragmentation of the IEL. | yes |
12,539,689 | Do [ Acute toxicity and local stimulate test of cucurbitacinBE polylactic acid nano-particles of targeting cervical lymph nodes ]? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this experiment was to study acute toxicity and local stimulation of cucurbitacinBE poly-lactic acid nano-particles (CuBE-PLA-NP) for targeting cervical lymph node.",
"Various doses of CuBE-PLA-NP lyophilization injection and cucurbitacinBE (CuBE) were hypodermically or veno-inject... | The acute toxicity of CuBE-PLA-NP is lower than that of CuBE. Both CuBE-PLA-NP and CuBE are adequate for local injection, but the local stimulation of CuBE-PLA-NP is smaller than that of CuBE. | yes |
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