pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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12,559,009 | Does wBC reduction reduce storage-associated RBC adhesion to human vascular endothelial cells under conditions of continuous flow in vitro? | {
"contexts": [
"The effects of storage duration, WBC reduction, and irradiation on RBC adherence to vascular endothelia are unknown and are investigated under conditions of continuous flow.",
"Thirty-two RBC units were collected and divided into three groups, non-WBC-reduced (NWR), WBC-reduced (WR), and irra... | Prolonged storage of NWR RBCs increases RBC adherence to endothelial cells in vitro. WBC reduction before storage abrogates the effect of storage duration on increased adhesion. Studies to assess whether an in vivo effect occurs are required. | yes |
12,528,112 | Does induction of aggrecanase 1 ( ADAM-TS4 ) by interleukin-1 occur through activation of constitutively produced protein? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the production of aggrecanase 1 (ADAM-TS4) in monolayer chondrocytes, capsular fibroblasts, and cartilage.",
"Bovine nasal and articular cartilage, monolayer chondrocytes, and capsular fibroblasts were incubated in the absence and presence of interleukin-1 (IL-1). ADAM-TS4 production... | These data support the hypothesis that ADAM-TS4 is constitutively produced in these cells and tissue, and that stimulation by IL-1 results in aggrecanase activation. Thus, the activator could be a potential target by which to control aggrecanase-mediated degradation in arthritic diseases. | yes |
12,547,850 | Does plasma adiponectin play an important role in improving insulin resistance with glimepiride in elderly type 2 diabetic subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"We investigated the effect of glimepiride, a third-generation sulfonylurea hypoglycemic agent, on insulin resistance in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes, in connection with plasma adiponectin and 8-epi-prostagrandin F2alpha (8-epi-PGF2alpha), an oxidative stress marker.",
"A total of 17 ... | Glimepiride remarkably improved insulin resistance, suggested by a significant reduction in HOMA-IR, an increase in MCR-g, and a reduction in HbA(1c) without changing extrapancreatic beta-cell function and urine CPR. Increased plasma adiponectin and decreased plasma TNF-alpha may underlie the improvement of insulin res... | yes |
12,526,938 | Is micturition associated with phase III of the interdigestive migrating motor complex in man? | {
"contexts": [
"In previous manometric studies, we observed that micturition was associated with phase III of the migrating motor complex. The present study aimed to objectify this possible relationship and to examine whether modulation of micturition frequency influences migrating motor complex phase III incide... | Micturition and phase III of the migrating motor complex are associated in time. | yes |
12,556,924 | Do temporal patterns of caregiving for preterm infants indicate individualized developmental care? | {
"contexts": [
"Individualized attention for premature infants was assessed from temporal patterns of caregiving at three very different regional NICUs.",
"Continuous time-lapse video recording of 95 premature infants under 1500 g was made over three 24-hour periods when they were 33 weeks' and 35 weeks' con... | Temporal patterns of caregiving reliably indicate individual differences, with sensitive and responsive caregiving common to typical NICU nursing environments. | yes |
12,556,920 | Does site of care influence breastmilk feedings at NICU discharge? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if site of care influences rates of breastmilk use in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs).",
"Subjects included all admissions to 124 NICUs between 1/1/1999 and 12/31/2000 who were subsequently discharged home. We reviewed discharge feeding data collected during the routine pro... | Neonates admitted to NICUs are often discharged on feedings that do not include breastmilk. Beyond previously identified risk factors, site of care significantly influences this occurrence. | yes |
12,534,636 | Is rectal ropivacaine absorbed proportionally to the dose , with low intraindividual variability? | {
"contexts": [
"This study investigated the absorption characteristics and the tolerability of rectally administered ropivacaine, a local anaesthetic, intended as a new local therapy for ulcerative colitis.",
"Thirty-two healthy volunteers participated in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. In study phas... | Plasma drug concentrations were proportional to the dose after rectally administered doses corresponding to 50-200 mg ropivacaine base in a gel formulation. The drug was well-tolerated. Mean bioavailability was about 60% and not influenced by variations in the enema volume. Initial absorption seemed to follow zero-orde... | yes |
12,548,133 | Are intravenous immunoglobulin-induced panel reactive antibody A reduction : not all preparations created equal? | {
"contexts": [
"Use of intravenous (IV) immunoglobulin (Ig) to obtain panel reactive antibody (PRA) A reduction in sensitized patients has been widely reported. Because no IVIg preparation is formulated specifically for this purpose, the authors have sought to determine whether, through laboratory testing, they ... | Laboratory screening of IVIg preparations provides a rational basis for the selection of product for administration to patients in whom the aim is to produce a PRA reduction. Experiments involving protein-A treatment of IVIg preparations indicate that immunoglobulin G is the principal factor involved in the abrogation ... | yes |
12,545,013 | Does combination of intravenously infused methylene blue and inhaled nitric oxide ameliorate endotoxin-induced lung injury in awake sheep? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of a combination of methylene blue, an inhibitor of the nitric oxide pathway, and inhaled nitric oxide on endotoxin-induced acute lung injury in awake sheep.",
"Prospective, randomized, controlled experimental study.",
"University animal laboratory.",
"Twenty-f... | In sheep, methylene blue/inhaled nitric oxide protects more efficiently against acute lung injury than inhaled nitric oxide alone, as indicated by a milder pulmonary hypertension, less extravascular lung water accumulation, and maintained gas exchange. | yes |
12,545,016 | Does endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan improve microcirculatory blood flow in splanchnic organs in septic shock? | {
"contexts": [
"Splanchnic ischemia is believed to play an important role in the development of multiple organ dysfunction in septic shock. The vasoconstrictor peptide endothelin can produce an intense and sustained splanchnic vasoconstriction and is increased in sepsis. The aim of this investigation was to stud... | The endothelin receptor antagonist bosentan significantly improved microcirculatory blood flow in many splanchnic organs and in peripheral tissues during septic shock. The results of this study are consistent with the hypothesis that endothelin plays an important role in the regulation of microcirculatory blood flow in... | yes |
12,545,015 | Does mild hypothermia during hemorrhagic shock in rats improve survival without significant effects on inflammatory responses? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the hypothesis that the survival benefit of mild, therapeutic hypothermia during hemorrhagic shock is associated with inhibition of lipid peroxidation and the acute inflammatory response.",
"Prospective and randomized.",
"Animal research facility.",
"Male Sprague-Dawley rat... | These data suggest that lipid peroxidation and systemic inflammatory responses to hemorrhagic shock are minimally influenced by mild hypothermia, although liver injury is mitigated and survival improved. Other mechanisms of benefit from mild hypothermia need to be explored. | yes |
12,545,018 | Does low-dose terlipressin improve systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics in fluid-challenged endotoxic rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Vasopressin has been used to treat arterial hypotension associated with hyperdynamic vasoplegic states, but detrimental effects on splanchnic circulation have been reported. We tested the effects of a low-dose vasopressin analogue, terlipressin (6 microg/kg), on systemic and splanchnic hemodynami... | Low-dose terlipressin in fluid-challenged endotoxic rats improved systemic and splanchnic hemodynamics and improved the ileal microcirculation. | yes |
12,556,331 | Does expression of the DNA-PK binding protein E4-34K fail to confer radiation sensitivity to mammalian cells? | {
"contexts": [
"The adenovirus E4orf6 34 kDa protein (E4-34k) is known to disrupt V(D)J recombination as a result of its interaction with the catalytic subunit of cellular DNA-dependent protein kinase (DNA-PK(cs)), a major participant in the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSB). Previous studies have shown t... | The lack of radiosensitization by E4-34k expression is quite intriguing as it is known that E4-34k interaction with DNA-PK(cs) causes disruption of V(D)J recombination, a process dependent on DSB rejoining. These data suggest that for future studies, preferential targeting of DNA-PK(cs) DSB activity will be required to... | yes |
12,542,833 | Is laminin-5 gamma 2 chain colocalized with gelatinase-A ( MMP-2 ) and collagenase-3 ( MMP-13 ) in odontogenic keratocysts? | {
"contexts": [
"Odontogenic keratocyst (KC) differs from other epithelial odontogenic cysts in regard to increased epithelial proliferation and a strong tendency to recur. Laminin-5 (Ln-5) is an epithelial anchoring filament component, which after modulation by certain matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), like MMP-... | Our results indicate that the colocalization of Ln-5 with MMP-2 or MMP-13, but not with MMP-8, in BM zone of KCs, may be related to special characteristics of KC. | yes |
12,529,993 | Does synthetic retinoid CD437 induce cell-dependent cycle arrest by differential regulation of cell cycle associated proteins? | {
"contexts": [
"The synthetic retinoid 6-[3-(1-adamantyl)-4-hydroxyphenyl]-2-naphthalene (CD437) exhibits a wide spectrum antitumor activity through induction of cellular apoptosis and cell cycle arrest. We investigated the effects and mechanisms of CD437 on cell cycle arrest of gastric cancer cells.",
"The ... | CD437 profoundly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer cells, which was associated with cell-dependent induction of G0/G1 or G2/M arrest. The differential regulation of p21 that leads to alteration in the activity of cdks may play a critical role in cell-line-dependent regulation of cell cycle arrest following treatm... | yes |
12,530,016 | Do aTPase inhibitors suppress actinomycin D-induced apoptosis in leukemia cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Apoptosis is mediated by many kinds of enzymes such as caspases, DNase and protein kinases. Recently, ATPase has been shown to be involved in the apoptotic system, but its role is not fully understood.",
"We investigated the effect of 8 species of ATPase inhibitors on actinomycin D plus colce... | Since geldanamycin and radicicol are specific inhibitors of the ATPase in HSP90, the present result implies that ATPase activity in HSP90 plays some role in this apoptosis. | yes |
12,552,239 | Is hsp70 present in human saliva? | {
"contexts": [
"There is increasing evidence that chaperones are also present outside the cell, exerting cytokine-like effects and influencing immune recognition. Hsp70 has been found to be present in human blood sera. Chaperonins Cpn10 and Cpn60 are present in pancreatic juice, but Hsp70 is not. These observati... | Hsp70 is secreted to saliva, but unlike amylase is not transported by the exocytotic secretory mechanisms of acinar cells. Passive transport mechanisms of Hsp70 from blood serum or from salivary gland cells may be major routes of salivary Hsp70 secretion. | yes |
12,534,594 | Does molecular strain typing of Trichophyton rubrum indicate multiple strain involvement in onychomycosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Trichophyton rubrum is an important cause of onychomycosis. Molecular strain typing methods have recently been developed to address questions of epidemiology and source of relapse following treatment.",
"To determine whether T. rubrum nail infections are caused by one or more strains of this ... | This preliminary study suggests that in many cases of fungal nail infection by T. rubrum, multiple strains are involved. This has important implications for epidemiological studies and possibly for therapy. | yes |
12,535,247 | Is myocardial damage in falciparum malaria detectable by cardiac troponin T rare? | {
"contexts": [
"To estimate the prevalence of myocardial damage in falciparum malaria by serum concentration of cardiac troponin T.",
"Retrospective study of stored sera and patient files; assessment of acute myocardial damage by serum concentration or activity of cardiac troponin T, creatine kinase, creatin... | Assessed by troponin T, myocardial damage in falciparum malaria is rare. | yes |
12,542,725 | Is aldose reductase gene polymorphism associated with progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to investigate cross-sectionally and longitudinally whether polymorphism of the (A-C)n dinucleotide repeat sequence of the aldose reductase (AR) gene may modulate risk for diabetic nephropathy or retinopathy in Japanese patients with type 1 diabetes.",
"We obta... | Homozygosity for the Z+2 allele was associated with accelerated early progression of diabetic nephropathy in Japanese type 1 diabetic patients. | yes |
12,542,724 | Does rosiglitazone ( PPARgamma-agonist ) attenuate atherogenesis with no effect on hyperglycaemia in a combined diabetes-atherosclerosis mouse model? | {
"contexts": [
"The administration of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARgamma) agonists to low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-receptor-deficient mice resulted in a reduction in the atherosclerotic lesion area in male mice, but not in female mice. The male mice also exhibited reduction in insulin r... | Rosiglitazone-treated animals showed less atherosclerosis despite higher lipid levels and similar glucose levels. These data suggest a direct anti-atherogenic effect of rosiglitazone on the arterial wall. | yes |
12,546,091 | Is coverage of previously carious roots as predictable a procedure as coverage of intact roots? | {
"contexts": [
"Coverage of roots exposed by gingival recession is one of the main objectives of periodontal reconstructive surgery. A variety of highly predictable and esthetically acceptable mucogingival grafting procedures are available for treating intact root surfaces. One of the indications for root covera... | These results indicate that coverage of previously carious roots with subepithelial connective tissue grafts is a very predictable procedure with results similar to those found on intact roots. This procedure may provide a definitive biological alternative for conventional restorative treatment modalities for root cari... | yes |
12,544,450 | Does chronic antioxidant treatment improve sympathetic functions and beta-adrenergic pathway in the spontaneously hypertensive rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Correlations have been found between oxidative stress and hypertension.",
"To determine whether antioxidants can normalize sympathetic dysfunction at pre- or postsynaptic levels in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs).",
"Untreated SHRs and Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats were compared with rat... | These results suggest that NAC and melatonin decreased the MAP and heart rate and improved the chronotropic response to isoproterenol in SHRs, in association with an inhibition of sympathetic activity and the restoration of cardiac beta-adrenoceptor function. | yes |
12,546,569 | Does endovascular repair reduce early and late morbidity compared to open surgery for abdominal aortic aneurysm? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare systemic complications between standard surgery and endovascular repair of abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) for both primary and late secondary procedures.",
"At a single center between July 1993 and May 2000, 297 patients (255 men; mean age 73.4 +/- 8.1 years, range 50-93) were tr... | Endovascular stent-graft repair compared to open surgery has reduced the early and late morbidity by half. Complications that require invasive or secondary surgical procedures and hospitalization are reduced with endovascular repair. | yes |
12,553,360 | Does overexpression of damaged-DNA-binding protein 2 ( DDB2 ) potentiate UV resistance in hamster V79 cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Ultraviolet radiation (UV) damaged-DNA binding (DDB) activity comprises two major components: damaged-DNA binding protein 1 (DDB1) and 2 (DDB2). Although the function of DDB is unclear, mutation on DDB2 is associated with cellular sensitivity to a variety of genotoxic agents including UV. It has ... | Our findings indicate that overexpression of DDB2 in V79 cell potentiates DNA repair and protects cells from UV-induced cytotoxicity. These results also suggest that DDB2 may be involved in the development of UV resistance. | yes |
12,545,333 | Are adaptive changes in the rat hippocampal glutamatergic neurotransmission observed during long-term treatment with lorazepam? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic treatment with benzodiazepines induces tolerance to most of their pharmacological effects. The best-studied neurochemical correlation to this phenomenon involves GABAergic adaptive changes. However, some compensation by excitatory neurotransmission could also be postulated.",
"The aim... | Taken together, these changes strongly suggest that a compensatory increase in the glutamatergic response develops in the hippocampus during chronic treatment with LZ. Our findings might indicate a contribution of glutamatergic mechanisms to the tolerance to hippocampal-mediated effects of LZ, such as amnesic and antic... | yes |
12,545,331 | Does electrical and chemical stimulation of the basolateral complex of the amygdala reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior in the rat? | {
"contexts": [
"The basolateral complex of the amygdala (BLC) is part of a neural circuit that is activated in humans during cocaine craving elicited by exposure to drug-related environmental cues. In animals, the BLC is necessary for cocaine-seeking behavior elicited by cocaine-associated cues. It has not been ... | BLC stimulation is sufficient to reinstate cocaine-seeking behavior in the rat. These results are congruent with the hypothesis that the basolateral complex of the amygdala is part of a neural system mediating drug-seeking behavior. | yes |
12,549,593 | Does achievement of steady state optimize results when performing indirect calorimetry? | {
"contexts": [
"The use of steady state as the endpoint for performance of indirect calorimetry (IC) is controversial. We designed this prospective study to evaluate the necessity and significance of achieving steady state.",
"Patients with respiratory failure placed on mechanical ventilation in a short- or ... | These data support the use of steady state, best defined as an interval of 5 consecutive minutes whereby VO2 and VCO2 change by <10%. The mean REE from this period correlates best to the 24-hour TEE regardless of CV. IC testing can be completed after achievement of steady state. Activity factors of 10% to 15% should no... | yes |
12,549,591 | Do preoperative albumin and surgical site identify surgical risk for major postoperative complications? | {
"contexts": [
"Although malnutrition contributes to morbidity, studies of pre- and postoperative nutrition often include well-nourished patients unlikely to benefit from therapy and usually do not stratify by the site of surgical pathology. This study evaluates whether perceived preoperative markers of nutritio... | Elective, non-emergent esophageal and pancreatic procedures performed in patients who could have had surgery delayed for preoperative nutrition, but did not, result in higher risk than colon surgery at any given level of serum albumin below 3.25 g/dL. Patient populations in trials should be stratified by operative site... | yes |
12,559,338 | Does off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery reduce gastrointestinal complications? | {
"contexts": [
"Gastrointestinal (GI) complications following on-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) are rare, but carry a high mortality rate. Prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) has been associated with a higher incidence of such complications. Little is known about the effect of avoiding CPB on GI ... | Our study suggests that off-pump and on-pump techniques are similar in the rates of GI complications. We suggest that a properly designed randomized control trial is needed to verify our findings. | no |
12,538,143 | Does cardiac positioning using an apical suction device maintain beating heart hemodynamics? | {
"contexts": [
"Cardiac positioning during off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) using deep pericardial sutures (DPS) typically results in some degree of hemodynamic compromise. We sought to determine whether cardiac positioning using an apical suction device was hemodynamically superior to DPS.",
"Five he... | DPS positioning significantly compromises hemodynamics due to reduced LV filling. The apical suction device provides good exposure with less hemodynamic compromise. | yes |
12,559,681 | Is systolic blood pressure the main etiology for poorly controlled hypertension? | {
"contexts": [
"Isolated systolic hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular events. The purpose of this study was to detect the prevalence of and to evaluate the effectiveness of currently available medications in the treatment of uncontrolled isolated systolic hypertension.",
"We randomly ... | Systolic hypertension is the etiology of uncontrolled hypertension in the majority of patients. Currently available antihypertensive medications are less effective in controlling systolic hypertension. | yes |
12,528,121 | Do human scleroderma sera contain autoantibodies to protein components specific to the U3 small nucleolar RNP complex? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether antifibrillarin autoantibodies in scleroderma patients are associated with autoantibodies to protein components specific for U3 small nucleolar RNP (U3 snoRNP).",
"Sera from 220 scleroderma patients were examined for antinucleolar autoantibodies (ANoA) and for antibodies ... | Antifibrillarin autoantibodies are associated with autoantibodies to protein components specific to U3 snoRNP, particularly Mpp10. The prevalence of anti-Mpp10 antibodies in antifibrillarin-positive patients suggests that the U3 snoRNP particle is a source of immunogenic/antigenic material for the anti-snoRNP response ... | yes |
12,528,125 | Are adenosine A2A or A3 receptors required for inhibition of inflammation by methotrexate and its analog MX-68? | {
"contexts": [
"Low-dose weekly methotrexate therapy remains a mainstay in the treatment of inflammatory arthritis. Results of previous studies demonstrated that adenosine, acting at one or more of its receptors, mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate in animal models of both acute and chronic inf... | These findings confirm that adenosine, acting at A(2A) and A(3) receptors, is a potent regulator of inflammation. Moreover, these results provide strong evidence that adenosine, acting at either or both of these receptors, mediates the antiinflammatory effects of methotrexate and its analog MX-68. | yes |
12,556,919 | Does perinatal substance abuse intervention in obstetric clinics decrease adverse neonatal outcomes? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effect of Early Start, a managed care organization's obstetric clinic-based perinatal substance abuse treatment program, on neonatal outcomes.",
"Study subjects were 6774 female Kaiser Permanente members who delivered babies between July 1, 1995 and June 30, 1998 and were scre... | Improved neonatal outcomes were found among babies whose mothers received substance abuse treatment integrated with prenatal care. The babies of SAT women did as well as control infants on rates of assisted ventilation, low birth weight, and preterm delivery. They had lower rates of these three neonatal outcomes than i... | yes |
12,559,597 | Does the aqueous extract of Solanum melongena inhibit PAR2 agonist-induced inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Solanum melongena L. (Solanaceae) has antioxidant, analgesic, hypolipidemic and antiallergic activity.",
"The anti-inflammatory effects of the water extract of the S. melongena (SMWE) were investigated in PAR2-mediated mouse paw edema. Paw edema was induced by injection of trypsin or trans-ci... | These results demonstrate that the SMWE inhibits PAR2 agonist-induced mouse paw edema. | yes |
12,542,509 | Do developmental dyslexics show altered allocation of attention in visual classification tasks? | {
"contexts": [
"Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) were recorded to investigate allocation of attention in adult developmental dyslexics.",
"Twelve adult developmental dyslexics and 12 matched normal controls performed three visual choice reaction tasks. In the passive oddball condition, subjects watched ... | Results are discussed in the context of deviances in allocation of attentional resources in dyslexic readers. | yes |
12,559,655 | Do task instructions modulate neural responses to fearful facial expressions? | {
"contexts": [
"The amygdala, hippocampus, ventral, and dorsal prefrontal cortices have been demonstrated to be involved in the response to fearful facial expressions. Little is known, however, about the effect of task instructions upon the intensity of responses within these regions to fear-inducing stimuli.",
... | Neural responses to fearful facial expressions are modulated by task instructions. | yes |
12,544,639 | Is human albumin synthesis increased by an ultra-endurance trial? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to determine whether an ultra-endurance event is a strong stimulus to increase albumin synthesis involved in the process of intravascular albumin mass increase associated with transient hypervolemia.",
"The albumin synthetic rate was measured in six young men, 3 ... | The increase in the albumin synthetic rate the day after an ultra-endurance trial is a major event associated with a greater circulating protein mass. The impact of exercise on albumin synthesis has disappeared 8 d later, as did PV and total protein mass expansion. | yes |
12,534,367 | Is differential production of adrenal steroids by purified cells of the human adrenal cortex relative rather than absolute? | {
"contexts": [
"The adrenal cortex produces aldosterone, cortisol and androgens in response to ACTH and angiotensin II. To define the differential response of morphologically distinct cells of the adrenal cortex, we examined the phenotypical and functional characteristics of human adrenocortical cells.",
"Tu... | Our findings are consistent with the concept that all adrenocortical cells are capable of producing a range of steroids, but the relative production of cortisol, androgen and aldosterone differs. | yes |
12,559,943 | Does tissue Doppler echocardiography in patients with thalassaemia detect early myocardial dysfunction related to myocardial iron overload? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare an echocardiographic method for detecting abnormal cardiac function before development of overt cardiomyopathy with a recently validated technique of quantifying myocardial iron load.",
"We examined thalassaemia patients whose myocardial iron load had been evaluated with magnetic r... | Wall motion abnormalities may represent an early sign of cardiac disease despite preserved global function. The regional abnormalities are related to iron overload and easily detectable with tissue Doppler echocardiography. | yes |
12,534,734 | Do extra-nodal lymphoma presenting as a mimic of soft-tissue sarcoma? | {
"contexts": [
"A variety of soft-tissue tumours result in soft-tissue masses, which are all differential diagnoses of soft-tissue sarcomas. A rare cause is extra-nodal lymphoma which, unlike a soft-tissue sarcoma which it mimics, should not be excised, but rather treated by chemotherapy and/or radiotherapy. The... | The present series highlights a rare subgroup of patients with extra-nodal soft-tissue lymphoma mimicking soft-tissue sarcoma. Core biopsy is accurate in their diagnosis. Computed tomography scanning may show features suggesting the diagnosis. | yes |
12,541,354 | Does [ Cell infiltration in nasal polyps and it 's pathological significance ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the relation between inflammatory cells infiltration in nasal polyp tissues and it's pathogenesis.",
"Nasal mucosa from 10 normal individual and 4 patients of nasal polyps were studied with immunohistochemical technique and histopathologic examination.",
"The number of eosinophil... | Infiltration of inflammatory effector cells such as eosinphils and chronic inflammatory changes of the nasal mucosa might play a role in nasal polyps sprouting. | yes |
12,534,130 | Are questionnaires better than laboratory tests to screen for current alcohol abuse or dependence in a male inpatient population? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the diagnostic performance of the CAGE and AUDIT (Alcohol Use Disorder Identification Test) and its derivatives, and laboratory tests for screening alcohol abuse or dependence in a male medical hospital population.",
"A diagnostic cross-sectional prevalence study.",
"Three gener... | With a prevalence of 12.4%, our results are similar with other published studies for alcohol abuse and dependence according DSM criteria. The AUDIT as well as the Fiveshot seems to have the best diagnostic properties in this male medical inpatient population, and regarding to brief interventions, these questionnaires c... | yes |
12,556,409 | Does subconjunctival doxifluridine administration suppress rat choroidal neovascularization through activated thymidine phosphorylase? | {
"contexts": [
"Doxifluridine (5'-deoxy 5-fluorouridine) is an oral anticancer drug with antiangiogenic effects, with vasoclastic action that is enhanced by a major member of the pyrimidine phosphorylases, thymidine phosphorylase (TP). Previous studies have demonstrated that TP is upregulated in the lesions wher... | TP may be involved in the formation of CNV. Subconjunctival injection of doxifluridine significantly reduced experimental CNV activity without apparent adverse effects. These results suggest the possibility that doxifluridine can be beneficial in treating CNV. | yes |
12,555,295 | Is pancreatic leak after left pancreatectomy reduced following main pancreatic duct ligation? | {
"contexts": [
"Although much is known about the long-term outcome of patients undergoing left (distal) pancreatectomy for malignancy, comparatively little is known about the optimal management strategy for the residual transected pancreatic parenchyma and the divided pancreatic duct. Clinicopathological and ope... | Pancreatic leak remains a common complication after left pancreatectomy. The incidence of leak is reduced significantly when the pancreatic duct is identified and directly ligated during left pancreatectomy. | yes |
12,555,298 | Does systemic inflammatory response predict survival following curative resection of colorectal cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Some studies have shown that the presence of a systemic inflammatory response, as evidenced by raised circulating concentrations of C-reactive protein (CRP), predicted recurrence and overall survival in patients with colorectal cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the relationship between... | In patients who have undergone potentially curative resection for colorectal cancer, the presence of a systemic inflammatory response predicts a poor outcome. | yes |
12,537,557 | Do membrane-bound progesterone receptors contain a cytochrome b5-like ligand-binding domain? | {
"contexts": [
"Membrane-associated progesterone receptors (MAPRs) are thought to mediate a number of rapid cellular effects not involving changes in gene expression. They do not show sequence similarity to any of the classical steroid receptors. We were interested in identifying distant homologs of MAPR better ... | In view of these findings, we propose that the heme-binding cytochrome b5 domain served as a template for the evolution of membrane-associated binding pockets for non-heme ligands. | yes |
12,544,680 | Does waist circumference predict metabolic cardiovascular risk in postmenopausal Chinese women? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of the study is to compare the differences in metabolic cardiovascular risk factors among postmenopausal Chinese women with or without abdominal obesity.",
"The study is a cross-sectional, population-based, comparative cohort study. Each participant received anthropometric measure... | Postmenopausal Chinese women with abdominal obesity may carry higher metabolic cardiovascular risk than those without it. It is WC, not BMI, that predicts metabolic cardiovascular risk factors in these women. | yes |
12,530,024 | Are biological properties of biopsy specimens useful for predicting lymph node micrometastasis in esophageal carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Some studies have reported on lymph node micrometastasis (MM) by RT-PCR. We attempted to predict MM by biological means using preoperative biopsy specimens.",
"Lymph nodes from 60 patients with esophageal carcinoma were examined by routine histological examination and CEA-specific RT-PCR. The... | The expression of CD1 and DG1 in biopsy specimens may offer useful information on lymph node metastasis, including MM in esophageal carcinoma. | yes |
12,555,315 | Is [ Junctional tachycardia in adolescents : nodal reentry the most frequent cause ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Ventricular preexcitation syndromes are classically more common in the pediatric age group than in adults, and a latent Kent bundle may explain most cases of paroxysmal junctional tachycardia (PJT). These data stem from the results of intracardiac electrophysiologic testing, which is performed on... | Nodal reentry is very common in adolescents and can explain symptoms ascribed to "spasmophilia", as well as some cases of malaise or syncope. | yes |
12,552,206 | Do supraspinal antinociceptive effects of mu and delta agonists involve modulation of adenosine uptake? | {
"contexts": [
"The modulation of extracellular adenosine concentration by opioids provides evidence that the antinociceptive effects of these compounds involve endogenous adenosine. The aim of this study was to determine whether there is a relation between the inhibition of brain synaptosome adenosine uptake by... | The antinociceptive effects obtained with mu or delta (but not kappa) agonists administered supraspinally were indicative of the involvement of modulation of adenosine uptake. | yes |
12,552,204 | Is thermogenesis inhibition in brown adipocytes a specific property of volatile anesthetics? | {
"contexts": [
"This investigation examined the possibility that the inhibitory effect of halothane on nonshivering thermogenesis (heat production) in brown adipocytes is not a universal effect of all anesthetic agents but related to the type of anesthetic.",
"Brown adipocytes from hamster were isolated with... | There are two distinct classes of anesthetics with regard to effects on thermogenesis, thermogenesis inhibitors and thermogenesis noninhibitors. The results are important for the interpretation of studies in thermal biology in general; specifically, they indicate that conclusions concerning regulation of nonshivering t... | yes |
12,536,523 | Does [ Ischemic preconditioning inhibit ischemia/reperfusion induced myocardial apoptosis in rabbits in vivo ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the effects of ischemic preconditioning on myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion.",
"Twenty four rabbits were randomly allocated to three groups(n = 8), pseudo-operation group(group P), ischemia/reperfusion group(group IR), and ischemic preconditioning group (gro... | It suggests that ischemic preconditioning inhibits the rabbit myocardial apoptosis induced by ischemia/reperfusion in vivo. | yes |
12,542,731 | Does the influence of platelet additive solutions on cytokine levels and complement activation in platelet concentrate during storage? | {
"contexts": [
"The accumulation of platelet-derived cytokines in platelet concentrates (PC) during storage may contribute towards non-haemolytic transfusion reactions (NHTR). We investigated the effect of platelet storage medium on platelet activation, complement activation and cytokine levels in leucocyte-redu... | Our results indicate that replacing plasma in PC with unmodified PASIII for storage results in higher levels of platelet-derived cytokines in PC. Furthermore, it appears that the nature of the medium used for storage of PC has a significant impact on platelet activation and cytokine levels of the PC. These implications... | yes |
12,534,429 | Does a flicker paradigm for inducing change blindness reveal alcohol and cannabis information processing biases in social users? | {
"contexts": [
"To apply a new paradigm using transient changes to visual scenes to explore information processing biases relating to \"social\" levels of alcohol and cannabis use.",
"Male and female student volunteers (n = 200) not self-reporting substance-related problems.",
"Quiet testing areas throug... | Alcohol and cannabis processing biases are found at levels of social use, have the potential to influence future consumption and for this reason merit further research. | yes |
12,534,425 | Does the prevalence and correlate of gamma-hydroxybutyrate ( GHB ) overdose among Australian users? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to examine the correlates, context and risk perceptions regarding gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) overdose among a sample of recreational GHB users in Australia.",
"A cross-sectional survey of 76 GHB users who were administered a structured interview on GHB use. They wer... | GHB-related overdoses were common among a sample of GHB users who had only recently begun using the drug. The only apparent distinguishing factor between those who had and had not overdosed on GHB was the amount of experience with GHB use. | yes |
12,546,784 | Is loss of self-inhibition a cellular mechanism for episodic rhythmic behavior? | {
"contexts": [
"Rhythmic motor behaviors can be generated continuously (e.g., breathing) or episodically (e.g., locomotion, swallowing), when short or long bouts of rhythmic activity are interspersed with periods of quiescence. Although the mechanisms of rhythm generation are known in detail in many systems, the... | By utilizing the same intrinsic member of a CPG network in both rhythm-generation and suppression, this system has developed a simple and efficient mechanism for generating a variable level of response to suit the animal's changing behavioral demands. | yes |
12,554,121 | Are single-step adhesives permeable membranes? | {
"contexts": [
"This study tested the hypotheses that micro-tensile bond strengths of all currently available single-step adhesives to dentine are adversely affected by delayed activation of a light-cured composite, and that such a phenomenon only occurs in the presence of water from the substrate side of the bo... | These features resembled the 'overwet phenomenon' that was previously reported along the dentine-adhesive interfaces of some acetone-based three-step adhesives. The cured adhesive layer in single-step adhesives may act as semi-permeable membranes that allow water diffusion from the bonded hydrated dentine to the interm... | yes |
12,554,816 | Does healthy older adults ' sleep predict all-cause mortality at 4 to 19 years of follow-up? | {
"contexts": [
"Evidence concerning whether sleep disturbances in older adults predict mortality is mixed. However, data are limited to self-reported sleep problems and may be confounded with other comorbidities. We examined whether electroencephalographic (EEG) sleep parameters predicted survival time independe... | Older adults with specific EEG sleep characteristics have an excess risk of dying beyond that associated with age, gender, or medical burden. The findings suggest that interventions to optimize and protect older adults' sleep initiation, continuity, and quality may be warranted. | yes |
12,555,248 | Is human polyomavirus DNA detected in Guthrie cards ( dried blood spots ) from children who developed acute lymphoblastic leukemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Epidemiological evidence has suggested that some childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) may be initiated in utero and may have an infectious etiology. The human polyomavirus JC virus (JCV) has been discussed as a candidate virus, but its presence has not been demonstrated in leukemia cells ... | JCV or BKV were not found in any of the dried blood spots of children who later developed ALL or in the healthy controls. These findings suggest that it is unlikely that childhood ALL is associated with an in utero infection with JCV or BKV, although it is not possible to exclude an association with an in utero infecti... | no |
12,544,015 | Does disuse exaggerate the detrimental effects of alcohol on cortical bone? | {
"contexts": [
"Alcohol abuse is associated with an increased risk for osteoporosis. However, comorbidity factors may play an important role in the pathogenesis of alcohol-related bone fractures. Suboptimal mechanical loading of the skeleton, an established risk factor for bone loss, may occur in some alcohol ab... | Reduced weight bearing accentuates the detrimental effects of alcohol on cortical bone in adult male rats by further inhibiting bone formation. This finding suggests that reduced physical activity may be a comorbidity factor for osteoporosis in alcohol abusers. | yes |
12,547,544 | Do development and testing of a rapid diagnostic test for bubonic and pneumonic plague? | {
"contexts": [
"Plague is often fatal without prompt and appropriate treatment. It affects mainly poor and remote populations. Late diagnosis is one of the major causes of human death and spread of the disease, since it limits the effectiveness of control measures. We aimed to develop and assess a rapid diagnost... | Our RDT is a specific, sensitive, and reliable test that can easily be done by health workers at the patient's bedside, for the rapid diagnosis of pneumonic and bubonic plague. This test will be of key importance for the control of plague in endemic countries. | yes |
12,536,201 | Is rNA interference a functional pathway with therapeutic potential in human myeloid leukemia cell lines? | {
"contexts": [
"RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular pathway of gene silencing in a sequence-specific manner at the messenger RNA level. The basic mechanism behind RNAi is the breaking of a double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) matching a specific gene sequence into short pieces called short interfering RNA, which trigge... | RNAi is a functional pathway in human myeloid leukemia cell lines and combined RNAi of c-raf and bcl-2 genes may represent a novel approach to leukemia, providing a means to overcome the resistance to chemotherapeutic agents and ultimately to augment the efficacy of chemotherapy in myeloid leukemia. | yes |
12,557,138 | Do basal core promoter mutations of hepatitis B virus increase the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis B carriers? | {
"contexts": [
"Hepatitis B viral (HBV) genotype C is associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) compared with genotype B; however, the virologic factors contributing to the pathogenic differences remain unknown. We investigated the prevalence of T1762/A1764 basal core promoter mutant in a... | Our data suggest that HBV carriers with T1762/A1764 basal core promoter mutant are at increased risk for HCC and that this mutant may contribute to the pathogenesis of HBV infection. | yes |
12,544,874 | Does chemokine and chemokine receptor gene expression indicate acute rejection of human cardiac transplants? | {
"contexts": [
"Factors directing T-cell infiltration into allografts during acute rejection remain poorly defined. Chemokines have been shown to mediate leukocyte recruitment into allografts in animal models of rejection. The goal of this study was to test the presence and levels of chemokine and receptor gene ... | The expression of IP-10, Mig, I-TAC, RANTES, CXCR3, and CCR5 in cardiac allografts significantly correlates with the presence and grade of acute rejection. | yes |
12,542,608 | Does low-dose ethanol attenuate gut ischemia/reperfusion-induced liver injury in rats via nitric oxide production? | {
"contexts": [
"The acute administration of low-dose ethanol was demonstrated to attenuate liver injury elicited by gut ischemia/reperfusion (I/R). Nitric oxide (NO) has been found to be a modulator of adhesive interactions between leukocytes, platelets, and endothelial cells, but there has been much controversy... | These results suggest that low-dose ethanol attenuates the gut I/R-induced hepatic microvascular dysfunction and sequential liver injury by increasing sinusoidal NO levels. | yes |
12,542,603 | Does lafutidine increase hepatic blood flow via potentiating the action of central thyrotropin-releasing hormone in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Lafutidine, (+/-)-2-(furfurylsulfinyl)-N-[4-[4-(piperidinomethyl)-2-pyridyl]oxy-(Z)-2 butenyl]acetamide, is a newly synthesized histamine H2 receptor antagonist and possesses a cytoprotective efficacy, which comprises mucin biosynthesis and stimulation of gastric blood flow mediated through capsa... | These data suggest that lafutidine increases hepatic blood flow by sensitizing the liver to the action of central TRH via both capsaicin-sensitive sensory neurons and endogenous CGRP in urethane-anesthetized rats. | yes |
12,530,099 | Does pSC 833 modulation of multidrug resistance to paclitaxel in cultured human ovarian carcinoma cells lead to apoptosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Multidrug resistance (MDR) modulator PSC 833 has been shown to modulate multidrug resistance in Pg-p-positive human ovarian carcinoma cells A2780/ADR. Co-treatment of A2780/ADR cells with paclitaxel (PTX) and PSC 833 resulted in the restoration of PTX-sensitivity comparable to that in parental A2... | These results demonstrate the PSC 833 reduced the Pg-p-mediated multidrug resistance in human ovarian carcinoma cells to PTX-induced apoptosis in vitro. | yes |
12,551,863 | Does selective COX-2 inhibition improve endothelial function in coronary artery disease? | {
"contexts": [
"There is an ongoing debate as to whether the gastrointestinal safety of COX-2 inhibition compared with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may come at the cost of increased cardiovascular events. In view of the large number of patients at cardiovascular risk requiring chronic analgesic t... | This is the first study to demonstrate that selective COX-2 inhibition improves endothelium-dependent vasodilation and reduces low-grade chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in coronary artery disease. Thus, selective COX-2 inhibition holds the potential to beneficially impact outcome in patients with cardiovascul... | yes |
12,538,454 | Are repeated administrations of interleukin ( IL ) -12 associated with persistently elevated plasma levels of IL-10 and declining IFN-gamma , tumor necrosis factor-alpha , IL-6 , and IL-8 responses? | {
"contexts": [
"Repeated administrations of recombinant human interleukin-12 (rHuIL-12) to cancer patients are characterized by a reduction of side effects during treatment. Induction of IFN-gamma, considered a key mediator of antitumor effects of IL-12, is known to decline on repeated administrations. We studie... | Induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines and associated fluctuations in leukocyte subset counts decrease on repeated administrations of rHuIL-12. The steady increment of IL-10 plasma levels may mediate the observed down-regulation of clinical and immunological effects. | yes |
12,538,453 | Are hepatocyte growth factor receptor , matrix metalloproteinase-11 , tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-1 , and fibronectin up-regulated in papillary thyroid carcinoma : a cDNA and tissue microarray study? | {
"contexts": [
"To screen and validate the global gene expression in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC) using cDNA expression arrays and immunohistochemistry on tumor tissue microarrays in an attempt to find genes that may be of importance in the molecular pathogenesis and malignant progression of PTC.",
"Eig... | Several novel and previously undetected tumor promoting/inhibiting genes may be of importance in the molecular pathogenesis and malignant progression of PTC. Transcription of these genes may result in overexpression of proteins, such as c-MET, MMP-11, TIMP-1, and FN, which may contribute to the pathogenesis of PTC. | yes |
12,538,450 | Is the granulin-epithelin precursor/PC-cell-derived growth factor a growth factor for epithelial ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"The role of growth factors in ovarian cancer development and progression is complex and multifactorial. We hypothesized that new growth factors may be identified through the molecular analysis of ovarian tumors as they exist in their native environment.",
"RNA extracted from microdissected se... | cDNA library preparation from microdissected tumor epithelium provided a selective advantage for the identification of growth factors for epithelial ovarian cancer. Differential granulin expression in tumor samples and the antiproliferative effects of its antisense down-regulation suggest that GEP may be a new autocrin... | yes |
12,529,807 | Does lorazepam substitute for the alcohol stimulus in social drinkers? | {
"contexts": [
"The alcohol discriminative stimulus has been extensively studied in animals and demonstrated to be pharmacologically complex. In contrast, however, the alcohol stimulus has been less frequently studied in humans.",
"The aim of the experiments reported here was to characterise pharmacologicall... | These results are consistent with the pre-clinical literature and indicate the cross-species generality of the GABA(A) component of the alcohol discriminative stimulus. | yes |
12,546,723 | Does ginkgo biloba leaf extract enhance levels of caspase-3 and amyloid precursor protein in normal rat hippocampus? | {
"contexts": [
"To explore the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (GbE) on the levels of caspase-3 and amyloid precursor protein (APP) in normal rats' hippocampus.",
"Immunohistochemistry method was used for qualitative analysis of the expressions of caspase-3 and APP, and an image analysis method was used for ... | GbE can raise the levels of caspase-3 and APP in the hippocampus of normal rats. | yes |
12,546,728 | Do total coumarins from fruits of Cnidium monnieri inhibit formation and differentiation of multinucleated osteoclasts of rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of TCFC (total comarins from the fruits of Cnidium monnieri) on the activity of osteoclasts in vitro.",
"Osteoclasts isolated from rat marrow cells were co-cultured with osteoblasts under the 1,25-dihydroxyvitamine D3. The tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) st... | TCFC reduced the bone lose by decreasing the osteoclast formation, its TRAP activity, and osteoclastic bone resorption. | yes |
12,535,747 | Are two polymorphisms in the fracalkine receptor CX3CR1 associated with peripheral arterial disease? | {
"contexts": [
"CX(3)CR1 is a novel chemokine receptor located on monocytes. Recently, two polymorphisms were linked to coronary artery disease (CAD), V249I and T280M. Carriers of at least one I-allele or one M-allele were found less frequently among patients with CAD compared to controls. The aim of the present... | In this study we could not detect a difference in genotype frequencies of the V249I and T280M polymorphisms in CX(3)CR1 between PAD patients and controls. CAD concomitant with PAD was also not affected by the I- or the M-allele. | no |
12,534,409 | Does baclofen decrease acid and non-acid post-prandial gastro-oesophageal reflux measured by combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH? | {
"contexts": [
"Omeprazole controls acid but not non-acid reflux. The GABA B agonist baclofen decreases acid reflux through the inhibition of transient lower oesophageal sphincter relaxations (TLESRs) and should similarly decrease non-acid reflux. Using combined multichannel intraluminal impedance and pH (MII/pH... | Baclofen reduces post-prandial acid and non-acid reflux and their associated symptoms. GABA B agonists may have a role in treating GERD. | yes |
12,534,799 | Is expression of syndecan-1 a sensitive marker for cutaneous plasmacytoma? | {
"contexts": [
"Cutaneous plasmacytoma is a well-recognized, yet infrequent, occurrence in multiple myeloma (MM). There are limitations in the morphologic assessment, and as such, the diagnosis presents some difficulty, particularly with the plasmablastic type.",
"Pathology reports of 2357 patients with a di... | Syndecan-1 was found to be a sensitive marker for plasmacytomas, independent of cytologic differentiation. | yes |
12,539,672 | Do [ The effects of CDFI and CDE high-frequency ultrasonography on diagnosis of parotid neoplasm ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the effects of high-frequency color ultrasonography on diagnosis of parotid tumors.",
"36 cases of parotid benign or malignant tumors were observed from margin to inner with color Doppler flow imaging (CDFI) and color Doppler energy (CDE) according to tumors' two dimention.",
... | CDFI and CDE show an important clinical value in diagnosing parotid neoplasm. | yes |
12,542,963 | Do animal study on expression of laminin and fibronectin in cornea during wound healing following alkali burn? | {
"contexts": [
"To observe the expression of laminin and fibronectin in alkali-burned corneas in rats.",
"A total of 18 normal Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 3 in each group). For each rat, one eye was injured by alkali burn, the other one was taken as the normal control. Then all the c... | In the process of wound healing after alkali burn, the expression of laminin and fibronectin increases dramatically, which suggests that laminin and fibronectin may participate in the process of corneal wound healing. | yes |
12,540,148 | Does emergency medical services screening of elderly fall in the home? | {
"contexts": [
"Previous studies of injury prevention among the elderly have focused on care by community-based services for the elderly. The plan for this study was to determine whether emergency medical services (EMS) could be a valuable partner in an injury prevention program for the elderly. The purposes of ... | Prospective analysis is easily gathered and identifies elderly injuries and patterns. A significant number of elderly patients whose homes were visited by EMS need help. Retrospective analysis gleans little injury prevention information. | yes |
12,558,721 | Do physicians vary in approaches to the clinical management of delirium? | {
"contexts": [
"To ascertain the variation in strategies for managing delirium of physicians with expertise in geriatrics.",
"Cross-sectional mail survey.",
"United States.",
"A probability sample of physician members of the American Geriatrics Society.",
"Management choices presented in a two-pa... | The common selection of lorazepam to treat delirium is troubling because benzodiazepines themselves are implicated in delirium. Selection of an initial dose of haloperidol higher than that recommended for geriatric patients by more than half of the respondents is also of concern. There is a paucity of sound clinical ev... | yes |
12,538,115 | Do myoblasts survive intracardiac transfer and divide further after transplantation? | {
"contexts": [
"Skeletal myoblasts have been proven to survive transplantation into myocardial scar tissue. The objective of this study was to evaluate whether these cells can also be transferred into vital myocardium and maintain their ability for cell division after transplantation. In addition, an intravital ... | Intravital fluorescence staining with PKH- 26 dye proved to be an easy and reliable method for identifying cells after cellular transplantation. Myoblasts survived an intracardiac transfer, regaining their physiologic structures and maintaining their ability for further cell division. | yes |
12,535,129 | Are microemulsions highly effective anti-biofilm agents? | {
"contexts": [
"The demonstration of the antibiofilm effects of pharmaceutical microemulsions.",
"Microemulsions were prepared as physically stable oil/water systems. Previous work by this group has shown that microemulsions are highly effective antimembrane agents that result in rapid losses of viability in... | The results indicate that the microemulsions are highly effective antibiofilm agents. | yes |
12,543,738 | Is community treatment with azithromycin for trachoma associated with antibiotic resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae at 1 year? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if macrolide resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae will be a major concern in areas that receive annual mass azithromycin distributions for trachoma.",
"A cross sectional survey was conducted of nasopharyngeal S pneumoniae isolates for susceptibility to azithromycin 1 year after adm... | The authors were unable to demonstrate that mass azithromycin therapy for trachoma produced macrolide resistant S pneumoniae that persists until the next scheduled annual treatment. | no |
12,546,615 | Does lower physician estimate of underlying asthma severity lead to undertreatment? | {
"contexts": [
"Asthma undertreatment has been linked to poor outcomes. National guidelines recommend that physicians classify asthma severity based on pretreatment symptoms and titrate care as the disease changes in the individual patient. This study evaluated the extent to which the physician estimate of under... | Physician estimates of underlying asthma severity appear to determine asthma care. For patients with inadequate symptom control, lower physician estimates of underlying severity were associated with care that is less consistent with national guidelines. To improve the quality of asthma care, physicians need to update t... | yes |
12,556,414 | Does aAV-mediated expression of vascular endothelial growth factor induce choroidal neovascularization in rat? | {
"contexts": [
"To develop a small-animal model of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) by injecting adeno-associated virus (AAV)-VEGF into the subretinal space (SRS) of rats.",
"An adeno-associated viral vector encoding human VEGF(165) was injected into the subretinal space (SRS) of Sprague-Dawley or Long Eva... | In this study, a highly reproducible animal model of long-lasting CNV was developed. This model is being used to test antiangiogenic molecules to reduce or inhibit CNV and could be extended to primates. | yes |
12,540,325 | Do effectiveness of chart prompt about immunizations in an urban health center? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether a nurse-initiated chart review and prompt to physicians is an effective method to increase immunization rates.",
"This study was a controlled trial with systematic assignment of children to intervention or control groups based on chart number. Each day, a nurse reviewed t... | The chart prompt increased on-time immunizations for some antigens. | yes |
12,543,886 | Is quality of life in adults with end-stage renal disease since childhood only partially impaired? | {
"contexts": [
"Little is known about the quality of life of adults with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) since childhood. In a long-term follow-up study, we assessed quality of life in these patients and compared their outcomes with those in the general population and in dialysis patients with adult-onset of ESRD... | Dialysis patients with paediatric ESRD have an impaired physical quality of life, but in contrast to dialysis patients with adult ESRD onset, they have a normal mental quality of life. | yes |
12,545,147 | Does teriparatide have no effect on the calcium-mediated pharmacodynamics of digoxin? | {
"contexts": [
"Teriparatide (recombinant human parathyroid hormone [1-34]) stimulates bone formation and causes small transient increases in serum calcium concentration. We assessed whether teriparatide causes a change in digoxin pharmacodynamic effects by measuring systolic time intervals and heart rate.",
... | Teriparatide, 20 microg subcutaneously, does not alter the cardiac effect of digoxin. | yes |
12,530,030 | Is low p27Kip1 expression associated with poor prognosis in oral squamous cell carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"p27Kip1 is a cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor which regulates the progression of cells from the G1-into the S-phase in a cell cycle. Loss of p27Kip1 is associated with disease progression and an unfavorable outcome in several malignancies. The purpose of this study was to determine whether p27Ki... | These results suggest that reduction of p27Kip1 plays an important role in the progression of oral SCC and is considered to be a useful prognostic factor in oral SCC patients. | yes |
12,530,031 | Is expression of tissue factor associated with clinical features and angiogenesis in prostate cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Tissue factor (TF), the main initiator of blood coagulation, is involved in cancer metastasis and progression. We examined the role of TF on prostate cancer.",
"Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using the anti-TF antibody. Intra-tumoral blood vessels were visualized by staining endot... | These results suggest that increased angiogenesis associated with TF expression might cause the metastasis and progression of prostate cancer. | yes |
12,541,356 | Does [ Expression of vascular endothelial growth factor and tumor angiogenesis correlate with biological behaviors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma ]? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the correlation between tumor angiogenesis and biological behaviors of nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC).",
"Angiogenesis was assessed by the microvessel dinsity(MVD) and expression of vascular endothelial growth factor(VEGF) was detected using immunohistochemical S-P method. Paraffin-em... | MVD and expression of VEGF are highly correlated with biological behaviors of NPC, which may serve as a parameter for determining tumor biological metastatic potential and prognosis. Angiogenesis inhibitors might be helpful in preventing NPC from metastasis. | yes |
12,552,214 | Does activation of peripheral excitatory amino acid receptors decrease the duration of local anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Postsurgical wound infiltration with the -methyl-d-aspartate receptor antagonist ketamine and bupivacaine can significantly prolong the duration of local anesthesia. One possible mechanism for this effect is that increased glutamate concentrations, caused by tissue damage, sensitize nociceptive p... | These results suggest that shortened lidocaine block durations observed after glutamate injection into the masseter muscle result from sensitization of afferent fibers as well as increases of peak extracellular water content and blood flow in masseter muscle. These effects of glutamate are mediated in part through acti... | yes |
12,553,011 | Does the essential 26S proteasome subunit Rpn11 confer multidrug resistance to mammalian cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Identification of multidrug resistance (MDR) factors is crucial for designing chemotherapeutic strategies. Aberrant expression and dysfunction of proteasome subunits have been involved in malignant transformation and in cell resistance to various cytotoxic drugs.",
"We analyzed the expression... | Rpn11-overexpression in mammalian cells affects cell proliferation and the response to cytotoxic drugs, both of which may promote tumor cell escape from chemotherapeutic agents, and may serve as a marker for MDR-cells. | yes |
12,546,295 | Does prophylactic high dose methylprednisolone fail to treat severe decompression sickness in swine? | {
"contexts": [
"Controlled decompression from saturation conditions is not always an option, particularly in a disabled submarine scenario. Hypothesis Prophylactic high dose methylprednisolone (MP) would improve outcome in severe cases of decompression sickness (DCS).",
"Littermate pairs of male Yorkshire sw... | Prophylactic high dose MP exerts no protective effect against severe DCS and actually worsens mortality in this model. An earlier group of untreated controls (UC, n = 44, 30 DCS, 11 died, mean weight +/- SE = 19.9 +/- 0.3 kg) exposed to the same profile was also available for analysis. Comparison of the UC and NS anima... | yes |
12,555,609 | Do [ Plants and plant produce -- about plants as cause of diseases ]? | {
"contexts": [
"Plants and plant products may lead to a variety of skin disorders, commonly referred to as phytodermatoses.",
"On the basis of literature studies and on the author's own experience, this article discusses the main groups of phytodermatoses, focusing on Norwegian plants that may cause skin dis... | Doctors should be familiar with the term phytodermatoses and be aware of plants and plant products as possible causes of skin disorder. | yes |
12,544,002 | Does maternal separation alter acquisition of ethanol intake in male ethanol-preferring AA rats? | {
"contexts": [
"Prolonged daily maternal separation can increase the risk for developing substance abuse, whereas brief maternal separation has been reported to induce positive behavioral effects, decrease voluntary ethanol intake and induce long-lasting changes in brain opioid peptides. The ethanol-preferring A... | We have previously shown that prolonged periods of maternal separation in Wistar rats result in an increased ethanol intake later in life. This was not repeated in this study, using AA rats with an inherent high ethanol intake. However, it is shown that brief maternal separation can delay acquisition of high ethanol in... | yes |
12,535,831 | Does acute systemic inflammation enhance endothelium-dependent tissue plasminogen activator release in men? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate in vivo the effects of acute systemic inflammation on the endogenous fibrinolytic capacity in men.",
"Systemic inflammation and endogenous fibrinolysis play a major role in the pathogenesis of coronary artery disease. Although previous studies have... | Our results showed that acute systemic inflammation augmented local forearm t-PA release in men, which suggests that acute inflammation may invoke a protective response by enhancing the acute endogenous fibrinolytic capacity in healthy men. Further studies are needed to clarify whether this response is impaired in pati... | yes |
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