text stringlengths 112 737 | label stringlengths 32 303 |
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And now it's immune.
So now scientists have a clue, and, you know, at this point, of course, you've sort of put your Sherlock Holmes hat on, you take in your virtual pipe, and you go, "What are these clues telling us?"
So, what if I take it away? | ๋ฉด์ญ๋ ฅ์ด ์๊ธด ๊ฑฐ์ฃ
์ด์ ์
๋ก ํ์ค ๋ชจ์๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ณ ๊ฐ์์ ํ์ดํ๋ฅผ ๋ฌธ ๋ค์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋ฌผ์ด์ผ ํ์ฃ '์ด ๋จ์๋ค์ด ๋ญ ๋งํด ์ค๊น?'
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ ๊ฑฐํ๋ฉด ์ด๋จ๊น์? |
You lose the resistance.
CRISPR is an immune system.
What an idea, a piece of the genome of your predator now stuck in your genome, so you can recognize it in the future. | ๋ฉด์ญ๋ ฅ์ ์์ฃ
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ๋ ๋ฉด์ญ ์ฒด๊ณ์์
๊ณต๊ฒฉ์์ ์ ์ ์ ์กฐ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ฅํด ๋์ค์ ๊ณต๊ฒฉ์๋ฅผ ์์๋ณด๋ ๊ฑฐ์์ |
Bacteria have memory.
They are able to remember invaders. Recognize them and kill them.
That was really fantastic.
but we don't know what the future holds. | ์ธ๊ท ํํ
๊ธฐ์ต๋ ฅ์ด ์์ด์
์นจ๋ต์๋ฅผ ๊ธฐ์ตํ๋ค๊ฐ ์์๋ณด๊ณ ์ฃฝ์ด๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ ๋ง ํ์์ ์ด์์ฃ
์์ผ๋ก ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ๋ ์ง ๋๊ณ ๋ด์ผ์ฃ |
We have no idea how useful another's technology is gonna be or pan out in the end.
One thing they'll write on my tombstone is,
"Told Jennifer Doudna about CRISPR-Cas."
Like, that will be the sum of my life. | ๋์ค์ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ ์ฉํ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ๋ ๊ฐ๋ฐ๋ ์ง ๋ชจ๋ฅด์์์
์ ๋น์์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์ธ ๊ฑฐ์์
'์ ๋ํผ ๋ค์ฐ๋๋ํํ
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ ์บ์ค9์ ๊ดํด ๋งํ๋ค'
๊ทธ๊ฒ ์ ์ถ์ ์์ฝ์ธ ๊ฒ์ฒ๋ผ์ |
But then you always ask yourself,
So, we've got the antibody tethered to Cas9.
It's finding the T cell-specific antigen.
We're biochemists in the lab. | ํ์ง๋ง ๋ ๋ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ์๋ฌธํ์ฃ
ํญ์ฒด๊ฐ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ์ ์ฐ๊ฒฐ๋๊ณ
T์ธํฌ ํญ์์ ์ฐพ๊ณ ์์ด์
์ฐ๋ฆฐ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ์ํํ์์์ |
We study the way molecules work.
We try to isolate them from all of the other pieces and parts of the cell.
We love to ask, "Well, what are the essential parts of this little machine?"
In nature, what CRISPR systems are doing is, they're giving bacteria immunity to viruses, so they're protecting them from viruses. | ๋ถ์์ ์๋ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ์ฃ
์ธํฌ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ ๋ถ๋ถ์ด๋ ์กฐ๊ฐ์์ ๋ถ์๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฆฌํ๋ ค๊ณ ํด์
์ฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด๋ฐ ์ง๋ฌธ์ ์ข์ํ์ฃ '์ด ์์ ๊ธฐ๊ณ์ ํต์ฌ์ด ๋ญ๊น?'
์์ฐ์์ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ๋ ์ธ๊ท ํํ
๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค์ ๋ํ ๋ฉด์ญ๋ ฅ์ ์ค ๋ฐ์ด๋ฌ์ค๋ก๋ถํฐ ๋ณดํธํด ์ค์ |
When an invader shows up, the bacterium has a way to store a small bit of the invader's DNA in its own DNA.
Cas9 is truly wondrous.
"Yes? Then I'll cut you."
As a tool, right, you could immediately see a lot of uses for something like that. | ์ธ๊ท ์ ์๊ธฐ DNA ์์ ์นจ๋ต์์ DNA ์กฐ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ฅํด์
"์บ์ค9" ์บ์ค9์ ๊ฒฝ์ด ๊ทธ ์์ฒด์์
'๊ทธ๋? ๊ทธ๋ผ ๋ ์๋ฅด๊ฒ ๋ค'
๊ทธ๊ฒ ์ผ๋ง๋ ์ ์ฉํ ๋๊ตฌ์ธ์ง ๋ฐ๋ก ์์๋ดค์ฃ |
I will never forget reading the last paragraph of Jennifer Doudna's and Emmanuelle Charpentier's deservedly--
RNA, I think about it as DNA's chemical cousin. | ๋ง์ง๋ง ๋จ๋ฝ์ ์์ ๋๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด์ฃ ๋น์ฐํ... '๋ถ๋ฉธ'์ ๊ฐํ ๋ง์ด๋๊น
RNA๋ DNA์ ํํ์ ์ฌ์ด ๊ฐ์์ |
Like DNA, it has four letters, and they can form pairs with matching letters in DNA.
The letters in the RNA allow Cas9 to find a unique DNA sequence. | DNA ์์ ๋๊ฐ์ ๋ฌธ์์ ์์ ์ด๋ฃฐ ์ ์์ฃ
RNA์ ๋ฌธ์ ๋๋ถ์ ์บ์ค9์ด ๊ณ ์ ์ DNA ์์ด์ ์ฐพ์ ์ ์์ฃ |
But because it's using these little RNA molecules, those can easily be exchanged.
RNA molecules are trivial to make in a molecular biology lab or order from a company. | ๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ์์ RNA ๋ถ์๋ฅผ ์ฐ๋๊น ์ฝ๊ฒ ๊ตํํ ์๋ ์์ด์
RNA ๋ถ์๋ ๋ถ์ ์๋ฌผํ ์คํ์ค์์ ์ฝ๊ฒ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์๊ณ ์
์ฒด์ ์ฃผ๋ฌธํ ์๋ ์์ฃ |
And I can cut any DNA I want just by changing this-- this little piece of RNA.
It was clearly a useful tool, and initially I was thinking about it that way, right? | ์์ RNA ์กฐ๊ฐ๋ง ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ฉด ์ด๋ค DNA๋ ์๋ฅผ ์ ์์ด์
ํ์คํ ์ ์ฉํ ๋๊ตฌ์๊ณ ์ฒ์์๋ ๊ทธ์ชฝ์ผ๋ก๋ง ์๊ฐํ์ด์ |
'Cause, I mean, again, I'm a biochemist, right?
I was thinking about it as a tool.
I was thinking about all the cool experiments you could now do with this tool, right? | ์ ๋ ์ํํ์๋๊น
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ก ์๊ฐํ์ฃ
๊ทธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ํ์ฉํ ์ ์๋ ๋ฉ์ง ์คํ๋ค์ ์๊ฐํ์ด์ |
I was thinking about that.
It actually allows us to change human evolution if we want to, right?
It's that profound.
It's actually millions of Cas9 molecules, and this is millions of RNA molecules. | ๋ค, ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ฐํ์ฃ
์ด๊ฑธ๋ก ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์งํ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฟ ์๋ ์์ด์
๊ทธ ์ ๋๋ก ์์ฒญ๋์ฃ
์๋ฐฑ๋ง ๊ฐ์ ์บ์ค9 ๋ถ์๊ณ ์ด๊ฑด ์๋ฐฑ๋ง ๊ฐ์ RNA ๋ถ์์์ |
You know, it was real.
You can actually use CRISPR in humans to change DNA.
You can actually do it.
Here's a copy of a human gene.
You give it to Cas9 and put it inside human cells. | ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ง์ง์์ด์
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ํํ
์จ์ DNA๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฟ ์ ์์ด์
์ค์ ๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฅํด์
์ด๊ฒ ์ธ๊ฐ ์ ์ ์์์
์บ์ค9๊ณผ ์์ด ์ธ๊ฐ ์ธํฌ ์์ ์ฃผ์
ํด์ |
It runs away, finds that DNA, and cuts it.
Before CRISPR, we were getting one to two percent correction.
We're now up to fifty to eighty percent of the cells. | ๊ทธ๋ผ ๋์๋ค๋๋ฉฐ ๊ทธ DNA๋ฅผ ์ฐพ์ ์๋ผ์
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฒฌํ๊ธฐ ์ ์๋ ๊ต์ ์ด 1-2ํผ์ผํธ์๋๋ฐ
์ง๊ธ์ 50-80ํผ์ผํธ์ ์ธํฌ๊ฐ ๊ต์ ๋ผ์ |
This could really work.
This could really cure a patient.
'cause I know they're working on it for other things.
And I know so many other people that have things like this, like my friend. He... uh, had leukemia. He actually-- he didn't make it out of the hospital. | ์ง์ง ์ฑ๊ณตํ ์๋ ์์ด์
ํ์๋ฅผ ์ง์ง ์น๋ฃํ ์๋ ์์ฃ
๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ชฝ์ผ๋ก๋ ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์
๋ณ์ ์๊ณ ์๋ ๊ฑฐ ์์์ ์ ์น๊ตฌ๋ ๋ฐฑํ๋ณ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ธ๋๋ฐ ๋๋ด ๋ณ์์์ ํด์ํ์ง ๋ชปํ์ด์ |
'cause that's what they're working on.
It's really a universal tool. It's often described as a kind of Swiss Army Knife.
We have a design tool online. | ๊ณผํ์๋ค์ด ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๊ณ ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์
์๋ ๋ง๋ฅ ๋๊ตฌ๋ผ ์ข
์ข
์ค์์ค ๊ตฐ์ฉ ์นผ์ ๋น์ ๋์ฃ
์จ๋ผ์ธ์ ํธ์ง ๋๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์์ด์ |
Specify a gene that you're looking to knock out.
You can specify the types of edit that you're looking to do.
You swipe your credit card, and a few days later, a couple tubes of all the materials that you need show up at your door. | ๋ณํํ๋ ค๋ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์
๋ ฅํ ๋ค์
์ํ๋ ํธ์ง ์ข
๋ฅ๋ฅผ ์ ํํด์
์ ์ฉ ์นด๋๋ก ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๋ฉด ๋ฉฐ์น ํ ํ์ํ ๋ฌผ์ง์ด ๋ด๊ธด ํ๋ธ๊ฐ ์ง๊น์ง ๋ฐฐ๋ฌ๋ฉ๋๋ค |
Meaning you're not just shipping it off?
-Correct. We don't ship to just anyone. -That's correct.
The analogy I like is automobiles.
Ford comes out with the Model T, and, suddenly, it's cheap, and it's reliable. | ๋ฌผ๊ฑด๋ง ๋ฐฐ์กํ๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๊ตฐ์
- ๋ค, ๋ฐฐ์ก๋ง ํ์ง ์์ฃ - ๋ง์์
์๋์ฐจ์ ๋น์ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ด์
ํฌ๋๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ธ T๋ฅผ ๋ด๋์ ๊ฐ์๊ธฐ ์ธ๊ณ ๋ฏฟ์ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋์ฃ |
Pretty soon, everybody's got a car.
CRISPR gives us the chance to make precise, targeted changes in the DNA of any living organism.
It's a power to change the biosphere. | ๊ณง ๋ค๋ค ์ฐจ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ฒ ๋์ด์
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ๋ ์ด๋ค ์๋ฌผ์ DNA๋ ์ ํํ๊ฒ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊พธ๋๋ก ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ์ด์ด ์คฌ์ด์
์๋ฌผ๊ถ์ ๋ฐ๊ฟ ํ์ด์ฃ |
That's what makes CRISPR revolutionary.
-Yeah, yeah, yeah. -Oh, here?
Oh, so, here is the, uh... eGenesis garage. This is our lab space.
This is literally the basement. | ๊ทธ๋์ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ๊ฐ ํ์ ์ ์
๋๋ค
- ์ฌ๊ธฐ์? - ๋ค
์ฌ๊ธฐ๋ e์ ๋ค์์ค์ ์ฐจ๊ณ ์ธ๋ฐ "e์ ๋ค์์ค" ์คํ์ค๋ก ์ฐ๊ณ ์์ด์
๋ง ๊ทธ๋๋ก ์งํ์ค์ด์์ |
I feel it's a humble start for us.
Where we embark on a very exciting journey.
The field is called xenotransplantation, transplantation of an organ from one species to the next. | ์๋ฐํ๊ฒ ์์ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ
์ฌ๊ธฐ์ ํฅ๋ฏธ์ง์งํ ์ฌ์ ์ ์์ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์์
ํ ์ข
์ ์ฅ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ค๋ฅธ ์ข
์๊ฒ ์ด์ํ๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค |
Whether we like to believe or not, we are very similar to the pig.
They tried it 20 years ago.
Novartis had had a billion-dollar investment in it sort of gracefully retreated. | ๋ฏฟ๊ณ ์ถ์ง ์์๋ ์ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ผ์ง์ ๋งค์ฐ ๋น์ทํด์
20๋
์ ์ ์๋ํ์ด์
๋
ธ๋ฐ๋ฅดํฐ์ค ์ ์ฝ ํ์ฌ๊ฐ 10์ต ๋ฌ๋ฌ๋ฅผ ํฌ์ํ๋ค๊ฐ ์์ํ ์์ ๋์ฃ |
They just didn't have the technology.
Without the CRISPRs, can't do it.
Nice to meet you, hey.
Happy Halloween... You know, I dressed up today. | ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ๋ถ์กฑํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์
ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์์ผ๋ฉด ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํด์
๋ฐ๊ฐ์์, ์๋
ํ์ธ์?
ํผ๋ฌ์ ์ถํํด์, ๋ณ์ฅํ ๊ฑฐ์์ |
Can you see anything?
Kind of. Something, not everything.
So, this is Yinan. Yinan is quite creative. Probably more creative than me.
When I first heard the story, I thought it is sci-fi, you know? | ๋ญ๊ฐ ๋ณด์ฌ์?
๋ณด์ด๊ธด ํ๋๋ฐ ์์ ์ ๋ณด์ฌ์
์ด์ชฝ์ ์ด์ธ์ด์์ ์ด์ธ์ ์๋นํ ์ฐฝ์์ ์ด์ฃ ์ ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ์ฐฝ์์ ์ด๊ธธ ๋ฐ๋ผ์
์ฒ์ ๊ทธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ค์์ ๋ ๊ผญ ๊ณต์ ๊ณผํ ์์ค ๊ฐ์์ด์ |
I mean, it really takes a lot.
As you can imagine, if you put the organ from the pig into the human there is a rejection.
We can really exercise the power of CRISPR to engineer immune compatibility by knocking out genes and knocking in genes. | ํฐ ๋
ธ๋ ฅ์ด ๋๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ
์ฌ๋ ๋ชธ์ ์ด์ํ๋ฉด ๊ฑฐ๋ถ ๋ฐ์์ด ์ผ์ด๋์
๋ฉด์ญ ๊ฑฐ๋ถ ๋ฐ์์ ์ค์ด๋ ๋ฐ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ์ ํ์ ์ด์ฉํ ์ ์์ด์ |
But instead of like deleting a few words, we have to change paragraph after paragraph.
Right now the convention of practice is doing one or two genes. | ๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ๋จ์ด ๋ช ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์ญ์ ํ๋ ๋์ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๋จ๋ฝ์ ์์ ํด์ผ ํด์
์ง๊ธ์ ํ๋ ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์กฐ์ํ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ณดํต์ด์์ |
And the record before us is five.
We did 62 genes in single step.
We have a revolution going on.
We've never had a revolution like this.
Closest we've come is maybe the Internet and computer revolution, and that took us kind of unaware. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์ด์ ์ ๊ธฐ๋ก์ 5๊ฐ์์ฃ
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ ๋ฒ์ 62๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๊ฟจ์ด์
์ง๊ธ ํ๋ช
์ด ์ผ์ด๋๊ณ ์๋๋ฐ
์ด๋ฐ ํ๋ช
์ ์ฒ์์
๋๋ค
๊ฐ์ฅ ๋น์ทํ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ๋ ์ธํฐ๋ท๊ณผ ์ปดํจํฐ ํ๋ช
์ด์๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋ฅด๋ ์์ ์ผ์ด๋ฌ์ฃ |
They are coming. So, uh...
We are expecting some pig in a few weeks.
We're so excited, we even named the pig.
The first one is Laika.
It's the name of the Soviet dog, which orbit the Earth first. | ์๋ผ ๊ฐ์
๋ช ์ฃผ ์์ ๋ช ๋ง๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ค๋น๋ ๊ฑฐ์์
๋ฌด์ฒ ์ ๋์ ๋ผ์ง ์ด๋ฆ๋ ์ง์์ด์
์ฒซ ๋ฒ์งธ ๋ผ์ง๋ '๋ผ์ด์นด'์์
๊ตฌ์๋ จ์ ๊ฐ์์ง ์ด๋ฆ์ธ๋ฐ ์ฒ์์ผ๋ก ์ง๊ตฌ ๊ถค๋๋ฅผ ๋์์ฃ |
I would like to give the floor to the distinguished president of the Russian Federation,
Vladimir Vladimirovich Putin.
All right. That is good.
But there is another part to this process. | ์ด์ ๋ฌ์์ ์ฐ๋ฐฉ์ ํ๋ฅญํ ๋ธ๋ผ๋๋ฏธ๋ฅด ํธํด ๋ํต๋ น๋๊ป
๋ง์ดํฌ๋ฅผ ๋๊ธฐ๋๋ก ํ๊ฒ ์ต๋๋ค
๋ค, ๊ทธ๊ฑด ์ข์ต๋๋ค
ํ์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๊ฒ ์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ์๋๋๋ค |
It means, we can already imagine it, to create a person with the desired features.
This may be a mathematical genius.
This may be an outstanding musician. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ด๋ฏธ ์์ํ๋ ๋ฐ์ ๊ฐ์ด ์ํ๋ ํน์ง์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์๋ค๋ ๋ง์
๋๋ค
์ํ ์ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ฑฐ๋
๋ฐ์ด๋ ์์
๊ฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค ์ ์๊ฒ ์ฃ |
But this can also be a soldier.
An individual who can fight without fear or pain.
You are aware that humankind will probably enter a very complicated period of its existence and development. | ํ์ง๋ง ๊ตฐ์ธ์ ๋ง๋ค ์๋ ์์ต๋๋ค
๋๋ ค์๊ณผ ๊ณ ํต์ ๋๋ผ์ง ์๊ณ ์ธ์ธ ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋ ๋ง์ด์ฃ
์ธ๋ฅ๋ ์กด์ฌ์ ๋ฐ๋ฌ์ ์์ด ๋งค์ฐ ๋ณต์กํ ์๊ธฐ๋ก ์ ์ด๋ค ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค |
And what I have just said may be more terrifying than a nuclear bomb.
This is Aldous Huxley, a man haunted by a vision of hell on Earth.
Mr. Huxley 27 years ago wrote Brave New World. | ํตํญํ๋ณด๋ค ๋ ๋์ฐํ ์๋ ์์ต๋๋ค
๋ฏธ๋์ ์์ง์ฅ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ํ์๋ ๋ถ์ด์ฃ
27๋
์ , ํ์ฌ๋ฆฌ ์จ๋ '๋ฉ์ง ์ ์ธ๊ณ'๋ฅผ ์ฐ์
จ์ต๋๋ค |
Today, Mr. Huxley says that his fictional world of horror is probably just around the corner for all of us.
It told a story where human beings were literally manufactured to play specific roles in society. | ์์ ์ด ์ด ์์ค ์ ๊ณตํฌ์ ์ธ๊ณ๊ฐ ๊ณง ์คํ๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ๋ค๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค
์ธ๊ฐ์ด ์ ํด์ง ์ผ์ ํ๋๋ก ์์ฐ๋๋ ์ฌํ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฌํด์ |
It was so sobering to me because CRISPR makes that original worry about engineering human heredity actually feasible.
We mustn't be caught by surprise by our own advancing technology. | ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ ์ ์ ํน์ง์ ์กฐ์ํ ๊น ๋ด ๊ฑฑ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์ค์ ํ์ค๋ก ๋ค๊ฐ์๊ฑฐ๋ ์
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋ฐ์ ์ํจ ๊ธฐ์ ๋ก ์ธํด ๋ถํํ ์ผ์ ๊ฒช์ง ์์์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค |
And, again, we have to be delicate to not cross into science fiction territory.
We know that we could engineer a single gene, myostatin, in a way that could potentially make us all more muscular, but should we make that universally available? | ๊ณต์ ๊ณผํ ์์ค์ฒ๋ผ ๋์ง ์๋๋ก ์กฐ์ฌํด์ผ ํด์
๊ทธ๋ผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ๋ชจ๋ ๊ทผ์ก์ง์ ๋ชธ์ ๊ฐ์ง ์ ์์ง๋ง ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ ์ด์ฉํ ์ ์๋๋ก ํด์ผ ํ ๊น์? |
They discovered that there are people who can go by on four hours of sleep.
What would I give for that mutation?
One gene, one change, four hours of sleep, no problem. | ํ๋ฃจ์ 4์๊ฐ๋ง ์๊ณ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ฌํ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์๋๋ฐ
๊ทธ๋ฐ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ผ๋ฉด ํ์์ด์ฃ
์ ์ ์ ํ๋๋ง ๋ฐ๊พธ๋ฉด ๋ฐค์ ์ 4์๊ฐ๋ง ์๊ณ ๋ ๋๋ก์์ด์ |
So, should this be-- I don't know, a job requirement for air traffic controllers?
Do I want the world to go there?
There are people who feel no pain. | ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์๋ฅผ ๋ค์ด, ํญ๊ณต ๊ด์ ์ฌ์ ์๊ฒฉ ์๊ฑด์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค์ด์ผ ํ ๊น์?
์ ๊ฐ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ธ์์ ์ํ ๊น์?
ํต์ฆ์ ๋ชป ๋๋ผ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ์์ด์ |
He performed street theater.
He died before his 14th birthday.
He jumped, for money, off a house roof.
He knew it would be painless.
The study of his DNA revealed he has a mutation in one gene. | ๊ธธ๊ฑฐ๋ฆฌ์์ ๋ฌ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ด์
14์ด ์์ผ์ ์๋๊ณ ์ฃฝ์์ฃ
๋์ ๋ฐ๊ณ ์ง๋ถ์์ ๋ฐ์ด๋ด๋ ธ์ด์
์ํ์ง ์์ ๊ฑธ ์์๊ฑฐ๋ ์
๊ทธ ์ ์ DNA๋ฅผ ๊ฒ์ฌํ๋๋ ์ ์ ์ 1๊ฐ๊ฐ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด์์ฃ |
You get rid of that gene, you cannot transmit the signal. You feel no pain.
Why? Well, I'll give you a legitimate reason.
Pain due to cancer is terrible, especially, if it's terminal cancer and we know a person has months to live.
Why not get rid of that gene? | ๊ทธ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฑฐํ๋ฉด ํต์ฆ ์ ํธ๋ฅผ ๋ณด๋ด์ง ๋ชปํ๋๊น ํต์ฆ์ ์ ๋๋ผ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์ ์ ๊ฑฐํ๋๊ณ ์? ํ๋นํ ์ด์ ๊ฐ ์์ด์
ํนํ ๋ง๊ธฐ ์์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ ์ด๋ ์ด ๋ช ๋ฌ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋๋๋ฐ
์ ๊ทธ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ ๊ฑฐํ์ง ์์ฃ ? |
And I'm sure this will be. I am sure this will be.
We will have gene editing of that gene to treat cancer pain.
Now, do I want a scenario where there are parts of the world where special forces soldiers are made immune to torture? | ๋ถ๋ช
ํ ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์ ํ์์ ํต์ฆ์ ๋๊ธฐ ์ํด ์ ์ ์ ํธ์ง์ ํ ๊ฑฐ์์
์ธ๊ณ ์ด๋๊ฐ์์ ๊ณ ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๊ฒฌ๋๋๋ก ํน์ ๋ถ๋ ๊ตฐ์ธ๋ค์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ํธ์งํ๋ค๋ฉด ์ด๋จ๊น์? |
I don't think my job is that different than what scientists do.
Before science gets published, it circulates among scientists.
The papers go out for review.
Someone passes it to somebody else. | ์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ ์ผ์ ๊ณผํ์์ ๋ณ๋ฐ ๋ค๋ฅด์ง ์์์
๊ณผํ ๋
ผ๋ฌธ์ ๊ณต์ ๋ฐํ๋๊ธฐ ์ ์ ๋จผ์ ๊ณผํ์๋ค ์ฌ์ด์ ๋์์
๋๋ ค ๋ณด๋ฉด์ ํ๊ฐํ๋๋ฐ
๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์๊ธฐ๋ค๋ผ๋ฆฌ ๋๋ ค ๋ณด๋ ํน์ ํ ๊ฒฝ๋ก๊ฐ ์์ฃ |
But think about what they were proposing.
Once I started digging into it,
I found more examples of people that were thinking along these lines.
He said that he was enthusiastic about the whole idea of designer babies. | ๊ทธ๋ค์ ์๋๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํด ๋ณด์ธ์
"์๋ฒฝํ ์๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ ์กฐ์" ๊ทธ๊ฑธ ์กฐ์ฌํ๋ฉด์
๊ทธ๋ฐ ์์ผ๋ก ์๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋ง๋ค๋ ๊ฑธ ์๊ฒ ๋์ด์
๊ทธ๋ ์ ์ ์ ์กฐ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ์ด๋ ฌํ ์ง์งํ๋ค๊ณ ํ์ด์ |
We will be able to correct mutations before we generate your child.
It may not be 50 years, actually. It may only be ten, the way things are going. | ์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ง๋ค๊ธฐ ์ ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ์์ ํ ์ ์๊ฒ ๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
์์ผ๋ก 50๋
๋ ์ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ๊ฑฐ์์ ์ง๊ธ ๊ฐ์์๋ 10๋
๋ฐ์ ์ ๊ฑธ๋ ค์ |
I ended up having several dreams that were very intense for me at the time, where I walked into a room and a colleague said,
And he leaned over, and he said,
"So tell me all about how Cas9 works."
I remember waking up from that dream and I was shaking. | ๋น์์ ์์ฃผ ๊ฐ๋ ฌํ๊ฒ ๋๊ปด์ก๋ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฟ์ ๊ฟจ์ด์ ๋ฐฉ์ ๋ค์ด๊ฐ๋๋ฐ ๋๋ฃ๊ฐ ๋๊ตฐ๊ฐ๋ฅผ ์๊ฐํด ์ค ํ
๋
ํํ๋ฌ๊ฐ ๋ชธ์ ๊ธฐ์ธ์ด๋ฉฐ ๋งํ์ฃ
'์บ์ค9์ ์๋ฆฌ๋ฅผ ๋ค ์ค๋ช
ํด ๋ด'
๊ฟ์์ ๊นผ๋๋ฐ ๋ชธ์ด ๋๋ ๋จ๋ ธ์ด์ |
And I thought, "Oh, my gosh. I mean, what have I done?"
Five and a half years ago, it was recognized that we could take the CRISPR system out of bacteria and move it first into a test tube and then into mammalian cells and use it as a tool for genome editing. | '๋ง์์ฌ, ๋ด๊ฐ ๋ฌด์จ ์ง์ ํ์ง?' ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์๊ฐํ์ฃ
๋จผ์ ์ํ๊ด์ ๋ฃ์ ๋ค์ ํฌ์ ๋ฅ ์ธํฌ์ ์ฃผ์
ํด์ ๊ฒ๋ ํธ์ง ๋๊ตฌ๋ก ์ธ ์ ์์์ ์๊ฒ ๋์ต๋๋ค |
The Cas9 protein is gonna make the cut in the DNA.
We are correcting the sickle mutation in blood cells.
So, if it's a woman, their eggs are not corrected.
If it's a man, the sperm is not corrected. | ์บ์ค9 ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ด DNA๋ฅผ ์ ๋จํ์ฃ
์ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด๋ฅผ ์ผ์ผํจ ๋ซํ ์ ํ๊ตฌ๋ฅผ ๊ต์ ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์์
์ฌ์๋ผ๋ฉด ๋์๋ฅผ ๊ต์ ํ์ง ์๊ณ
๋จ์๋ผ๋ฉด ์ ์๋ฅผ ๊ต์ ํ์ง ์์ฃ |
That change will not get passed along to future generations.
So, they will be cured, but their children might get the disease as well.
Now, we need to give the cell another piece of DNA, except instead of having the T, it has an A. | ๊ทธ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณํ๋ ๋ค์ ์ธ๋์ ์ ์ ๋์ง ์์ผ๋๊น
๋น์ฌ์๋ ๋ณ์ด ๋์๋ ์๋
๋ ๊ทธ ๋ณ์ ๊ฑธ๋ฆด ์ ์์ด์
์ด์ ์ด ์ธํฌ์ ๋ค๋ฅธ DNA๋ฅผ ์ค์ผ ํ๋๋ฐ ์ด๊ฑด T ๋์ ์ A๋ฅผ ๊ฐ๊ณ ์์ฃ |
So, why not just do it, so that the disease gene never gets passed along to future generations?
And there's some people out there who think that's what we should do. | ๊ทธ๋ ๋ค๋ฉด ๋ณ์ด ์์ ํ๋์ ์ ์ ๋์ง ์๊ฒ ํ๋ ๊ฑด ์ด๋จ๊น์?
๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํด์ผ ํ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๋ ์ฌ๋๋ค๋ ์์ด์ |
But we may be creating things that we can't put back into the bottle.
They're part of what we call, "the germ line."
They're passed to his son and forever. | ์ฐ๋ฆฐ ๋ค์ ์ฃผ์ ๋ด์ ์ ์๋ ๊ฑธ ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์๋์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์
๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฑธ '์์ ๊ณ์ด'์ด๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋๋ฐ
๋ ๊ทธ ์๋คํํ
์ ์ ๋๊ณ ์์ํ ๋ด๋ ค๊ฐ์ |
My colleagues and I wrote a fairly strongly worded piece in "Nature" with the fairly unequivocal title "Do Not Edit the Human Germ Line."
Don't edit human embryos.
Don't use edited sperm and eggs to make human embryos, just nothing. | ์ ๊ฐ ๋๋ฃ๋ค๊ณผ ํจ๊ป '๋ค์ด์ฒ' ์ง์ ์๋นํ ๊ฐํ ํํ์ ๊ธ์ ์ผ๋๋ฐ ์ ๋ชฉ๋ ๋จ๋์ง์
์ ์ด์์ฃ '์ธ๊ฐ ์์ ๊ณ์ด์ ํธ์งํ์ง ๋ง์' "์ธ๊ฐ ์์ ๊ณ์ด์ ํธ์งํ์ง ๋ง์"
์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์๋ฅผ ํธ์งํ์ง ๋ง๊ณ
ํธ์ง๋ ์ ์์ ๋์๋ก ์ธ๊ฐ ๋ฐฐ์๋ ๋ง๋ค์ง ๋ง๋ฉฐ ์๋ฌด๊ฒ๋ ํ์ง ๋ง์๊ณ ์ |
That's what we're doing. We're putting the recipe out into the world.
The debate that's being had is whether society should go in this direction.
Should you be allowed to make a genetic change into the next generation that'll then go on to other generations? | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ธ์์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฒ์ ์๋ ค ์ฃผ๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ทธ ๋ฐฉํฅ์ผ๋ก ๋์๊ฐ์ผ ํ๋์ง ๊ทธ๋์ ๋ง์ ๋
ผ์์ด ์์์ฃ
๋ค์ ์ธ๋, ๋ ๊ทธ ๋ค์ ์ธ๋๋ก ์ ์ ๋ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณํ์ ํ์ฉํด์ผ ํ ๊น์? |
The gene pool, like nature itself, is kind of a common good.
I used to have a T-shirt, and it had a little-- a guy that was kind of a DNA spiral, right? | ์์ฐ ํ๊ฒฝ๊ณผ ๋ง์ฐฌ๊ฐ์ง๋ก ์ธ๋ฅ์ ๊ณต๋ ์ฌ์ฐ์
๋๋ค
๋์ ํ DNA๊ฐ ์์ ๋จ์์ฒ๋ผ ๊ทธ๋ ค์ ธ ์์์ด์ |
But he was the lifeguard, and he's blowing a whistle and he says, "Hey, you, get out of the gene pool!"
I loved that shirt.
Baby shopping.
Imagine being able to program the IQ of a baby. | ์ธ๋ช
๊ตฌ์กฐ์์ด์๋๋ฐ ํธ๋ฃจ๋ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ถ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋งํด์ '๋, ์ ์ ์ํ์์ ๋๊ฐ!'
์ข์ํ๋ ํฐ์
์ธ ์์
์๊ธฐ ์ผํ
์๊ธฐ์ ์์ดํ๋ฅผ ์ ํ ์ ์๋ค๊ณ ์์ํด ๋ณด์ธ์ |
Well, you know, the fear that everybody focuses on most is just this sort of designer baby business.
We're turning reproduction into production.
We're turning children into consumer products. | ์ฌ๋๋ค์ด ๊ฐ์ฅ ๋๋ ค์ํ๋ ๊ฑด ๋ง์ถค ์๊ธฐ ๋ฌธ์ ์์
"์์ ์ ๊ฐ๊ฐ? ํ๋ ๋?" ์์์ ์์ฐ์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ค๊ณ
์ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ฅผ ์๋น์ฌ๋ก ๋ง๋ค๊ณ ์์ด์ |
Every time there's a new technology, we hear the same concerns.
If there's a market for cloning, there is no force on Earth that will keep buyer and seller apart. | ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๋๊ฐ์ ๊ฑฑ์ ์ ํด์
๊ทธ ๋๊ตฌ๋ ํ๋งค์์ ๊ตฌ๋งค์๋ฅผ ๋ผ์ด ๋์ง ๋ชปํ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค |
Perhaps Saddam Hussein would like to give birth to himself.
With CRISPR, even reputable magazines could not resist the temptation.
The little thing that says "high IQ,"
as if we know what intelligence is let alone how to measure it let alone how to design it. | ์ฌ๋ด ํ์ธ์ธ๋ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณต์ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ์ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๋ช
์ฑ ์๋ ์ก์ง์กฐ์ฐจ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ์ ์ ํน์ ์ด๊ธฐ์ง ๋ชปํ์ฃ
"๋ ์ด์ฝ๋
ธ๋ฏธ์คํธ, ์ธ๋ฅ ํธ์ง" ๋์ ์์ดํ ๊ฐ์ ๊ฒฝ์ฐ
์ง๋ฅ์ ์ธก์ ํ๊ณ ์ค์ ํ๋ ๊ฑด ๊ณ ์ฌํ๊ณ ์ฐ๋ฆฐ ์ง๋ฅ์ด ๋ญ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์ |
And these nightmares, they haven't come to pass.
We are capable of really evil things, but we don't need technology to commit evil acts.
I kind of divide the world into the bio-optimists and the bio-pessimists. | ๊ทธ ์
๋ชฝ์ ์์ง ๋๋์ง ์์์ด์
๊ธฐ์ ๊น์ง ๋์ํด ์ฌ์
ํ ์ง์ ํ ํ์๋ ์์ด์
์ธ์์ ์๋ช
๊ณตํ ๋๊ด์ฃผ์์์ ๋น๊ด์ฃผ์์๋ก ๋๋์ด์ |
the final frontier...
I grew up with the original Star Trek.
I have been a devoted follower of all of the Star Treks since then.
I've read pretty much every Star Trek novel. | ์ตํ์ ๋ฏธ๊ฐ์ฒ์ง ์ฐ์ฃผ
์ ๋ ์ค๋ฆฌ์ง๋ '์คํ ํธ๋ '์ ๋ณด๋ฉฐ ์๋์ด์
๊ทธ๋๋ถํฐ ์ด๋ ฌํ '์คํ ํธ๋ ' ํฌ์ด ๋์ฃ
'์คํ ํธ๋ ' ์์ค๋ ๊ฑฐ์ ๋ค ์ฝ์์ด์ |
Don't get me started.
It is a vision of progress and the potential of science to make life better.
There are other people who have read the cautionary tales. | ๋งํ๋ฉด ๋์ด ์์ด์
์ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๊ธฐ์ ๋ฐ์ ์ ๋น์ ๊ณผ ์ถ์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ณผํ์ ์ ์ฌ๋ ฅ์ ๋ดค์ด์
๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ๊ตํ์ ์ธ ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ก ๋ณด๊ธฐ๋ ํ์ฃ |
A blade runner's job is to hunt down replicants, manufactured humans you can't tell from the real thing.
But I don't think the technologies are inherently good or evil. | ๋ธ๋ ์ด๋ ๋ฌ๋๊ฐ ํ ์ผ์ ๋ณต์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ์ถ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์ด๋ค ๋ก๋ด์ธ๋ฐ ์ธ๊ฐ๊ณผ ์ ํ ๊ตฌ๋ถ๋์ง ์๋๋ค
๊ธฐ์ ์์ฒด๋ ์ข๊ฑฐ๋ ๋์ ๊ฒ ์๋์์ |
The technologies are tools. They are power.
What you do with the power determines if the result is something that we applaud or something that we deplore. | ๊ธฐ์ ์ ๋๊ตฌ์ด๊ณ ํ์ด์ฃ
๊ทธ ํ์ ์ด๋ป๊ฒ ์ฐ๋๋์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํ์ํ ๋งํ ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ ๋๋ ์ํ๊น์ด ๊ฒฐ๊ณผ๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ๋ผ์ |
But it's not the tool that determines the end point. It's the user.
Now here are 23 representing mother's chromosomes,23 for father's.
Now we put them together. | ํ์ง๋ง ์ต์ข
๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ์ ํ๋ ๊ฑด ๋๊ตฌ๊ฐ ์๋๋ผ ์ฌ์ฉ์์์
์ฌ๊ธฐ 23์ ์ด๋จธ๋์ ์ผ์์ฒด๋ฅผ ๋ปํ๊ณ ์ด 23์ ์๋ฒ์ง์ ์ผ์์ฒด์
๋๋ค
์ด์ ํ๋ฐ ๋ฃ์ต๋๋ค |
And it's a perfectly good argument to say,
Well, I think the right way to say it is that sex is for recreation and science is for procreation.
I can't believe those barbaric people in the early 21st century, they were having kids this crazy, old-fashioned way. | ์ถ์ฒจํ๋ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ์ง์ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์ดํ๋ ๊ฑด
์ ๋๋ก ๋งํ์๋ฉด ์ด๋์ '์น์ค๋ ์ค๋ฝ์ผ๋ก ํ๊ณ ' '์์์ ๊ณผํ์ ๋งก๊ธฐ์'
์ผ๋ง์ ์ด์๋ค๊ณ ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค ์๋
๋ฅผ ๊ตฌ์์ผ๋ก ๋ณ์๋ค๊ณ ๋ง์ด์ฃ |
They were just, like, rolling the dice with their kids' lives.
We've gone through in vitro fertilization.
We've harvested the eggs.
It's not uncommon to produce multiple viable embryos.
Which one do you choose? | ์์ด๋ค ๋ชฉ์จ์ผ๋ก ๋๋ฐ์ ํ๋ค๊ณ ํ๊ฒ ์ฃ
์ฒด์ธ ์์ ๋จ๊ณ๋ฅผ ๊ฑฐ์ณค๊ณ
๋์ ์ฑ์ทจ๋ ๊ฒฝํํ์ด์
๋ฐฐ์๋ฅผ ์ฌ๋ฌ ๊ฐ ๋ง๋๋ ๊ฒ๋ ๋๋ฌผ์ง ์์ ์ผ์ธ๋ฐ
์ฌ๋ฌ๋ถ์ ๋ญ ์ ํํ์๊ฒ ์ด์? |
One possibility is, "Yeah, just- We'll just roll the dice.
We'll just-- I'll just point at one.
Another option would be I run some fancy genetic tests. | ํ ๊ฐ์ง ๊ฐ๋ฅ์ฑ์ ๊ทธ๋ฅ ์ฃผ์ฌ์๋ฅผ ๋์ง ๋ค์
ํ๋๋ฅผ ๊ณ ๋ฅด๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ
์๋๋ฉด ๋ณต์กํ ์ ์ ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ์๋ ์์ด์ |
Pre-implantation genetic diagnosis is the process of doing genetic tests on an embryo.
In the future, let's imagine that CRISPR gets really, really good. | ๋ฐฐ์์ ์ ์ ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ์ค์ํ๋ ๊ณผ์ ์
๋๋ค
๋ฏธ๋์ ํฌ๋ฆฌ์คํผ ๊ธฐ์ ์ด ์์ฃผ ์ข์์ง๋ค๊ณ ์์ํด ๋ณด์ฃ |
Maybe you don't need to produce lots of embryos.
Maybe you just produce one, but you can make whatever edits you want to it.
So, the carrier screening that I was talking about earlier tends to focus on disorders that show up early. | ๋ฐฐ์๋ฅผ ๋ง์ด ๋ง๋ค ํ์ ์์ด
ํ๋๋ง ๋ง๋ค์ด์ ํ์์ ๋ฐ๋ผ ํธ์งํ๋ฉด ๋ ๊ฑฐ์์
์ ๊ฐ ์๊น ์ด์ผ๊ธฐํ๋ ๋ณด๊ท ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ ๋๊ฐ ์กฐ๊ธฐ ๋ฐ๋ณํ๋ ์ฅ์ ์๋ง ์ด์ ์ ๋ง์ถฐ์ |
Everyone wants to have a healthy, perfect baby.
I think that's a universal truth.
Looking at this family history, certainly I...
I actually first heard about genetic counseling from my mother. | ๋๊ตฌ๋ ์๋ฒฝํ๊ฒ ๊ฑด๊ฐํ ์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณ๊ณ ์ถ์ดํด์
๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋ณดํธ์ ์ธ ์ง์ค์ด์ฃ
๊ฐ์กฑ๋ ฅ์ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ฉด...
์ ์ ์๋ด์ ๊ดํด ์ ์ด๋จธ๋ํํ
์ฒ์ ๋ค์์ด์ |
Hemophilia A is the condition that runs in my family.
It's a genetic bleeding disorder.
There is a gene on the X chromosome. It encodes for a protein called factor VIII. | Aํ ํ์ฐ๋ณ์ ์ ์ง์์ ๋ด๋ ค์ค๋ ๋ณ์ธ๋ฐ
์ ์ ์ ์ธ ์ถํ์ฑ ์งํ์ด์ฃ
X ์ผ์์ฒด์ ์ 8์ธ์๋ ๋จ๋ฐฑ์ง์ ๋ง๋๋ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ์์ด์ |
When factor VIII isn't working, you can have a bleed that will lead to death.
If I decide to have children naturally without reproductive technology,
I am putting that child at 25 percent risk to have a really severe disorder. | ํผ๊ฐ ์๊ณ ๋์ง ์์ ์ฃฝ์ ์๋ ์์ด์
์ ๊ฐ ์์ ๊ธฐ์ ์ ์์กดํ์ง ์๊ณ ์์ฐ์ ์ผ๋ก ์์ ํ๋ฉด
๊ทธ ์์ด๋ ์ฌ๊ฐํ ์ฅ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ง ํ๋ฅ ์ด 25ํผ์ผํธ๋ ๋ผ์ |
That responsibility feels like it's on me.
It takes it from the universe's decision to my decision.
Today, I'm unusual because I know that
I'm a carrier of a genetic condition, but soon, everyone will know genetic information about themselves. | ๊ทธ ์ฑ
์์ด ์ ํํ
์๋ ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์ฃ
์์ฐ์ ๊ฒฐ์ ์ ์ ๊ฐ ๋ ๋งก์์ผ ํ๋ ๊ฑฐ์์
์ง๊ธ์ ์ ์ ๋ณ์ด ์๋ค๋ ๊ฑธ ์๋ ์ ๊ฐ ์ด๋ก์ ์ด์ง๋ง
๋จธ์ง์์ ๋ชจ๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ์์ ์ ์ ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ฅผ ์๊ฒ ๋๊ฒ ์ฃ |
What about the cost of it?
So, I kind of hope for a future where government makes it free for everybody.
What is the bearing of the laws of heredity upon human affairs? | ๋น์ฉ ๋ฌธ์ ๋ ์ด๋์?
์ ๋ถ๊ฐ ๋ชจ๋์๊ฒ ๋ฌด๋ฃ๋ก ์ ๊ณตํ๋ ๋ ์ด ์ค๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ผ์
์ ์ ๋ฒ์น์ด ์ธ๊ฐ์ฌ์ ๋ฌด์จ ๊ด๋ จ์ด ์์๊น์? |
Eugenics provides the answer, so far as this is known.
Eugenics seeks to apply the known laws of heredity, so as to prevent the degeneration of the race and improve its inborn qualities. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์๋ ํ ์ฐ์ํ์ด ๊ทธ ํด๋ต์ ์ ๊ณตํฉ๋๋ค
์ข
์กฑ์ ํด๋ณด๋ฅผ ์๋ฐฉํ๊ณ ์ ์ฒ์ ์ธ ์์ง์ ๊ฐ์ ํ๋ ๊ฒ์
๋๋ค |
Well, the concept of eugenics, if you go way back, it really just means good genes.
The idea is that the human race could improve itself.
Children are not brought into the world just for their own sake. | ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ๋ฅผ ๋์๋ณด๋ฉด ์ฐ์ํ์ ๊ฐ๋
์ ๊ทธ์ ์ข์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ปํด์
์ธ๋ฅ๊ฐ ์ค์ค๋ก ๋์์ง๋ ค๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ
์ด๋ฆฐ์ด๋ ์์ ์ ์ํด ์ด ์ธ์์ ํ์ด๋๋ ๊ฒ ์๋๋๋ค |
Rather, they should be healthy, worthwhile people.
And that's why it's important that we make sure that our bodies are physically and genetically healthy. | ์คํ๋ ค ๊ฑด๊ฐํ๊ณ ๊ฐ์น ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๋๊ธฐ ์ํด ํ์ด๋์ฃ
๋ฐ๋์ ์ ์ฒด์ ์ผ๋ก ์ ์ ์ ์ผ๋ก ๊ฑด๊ฐํด์ผ ํฉ๋๋ค |
And that we investigate whether the genetics of our ancestors are fit to pass on.
There was shock last month over the revelation that the state of Virginia sterilized thousands of persons between 1922 and '72 in a program aimed at ridding the state of so-called misfits. | ๋ฐ๋ผ์ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ ์กฐ์์ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ํ๋์ ์ ํด์ง๋์ง ์ฐ๊ตฌํ๋ ๊ฒ ์ค์ํฉ๋๋ค
์์ฒ ๋ช
์๊ฒ ๋ถ์ ์์ ์ ๋ฐ๊ฒ ํ ์ฌ์ค์ด ๋ฐํ์ ธ ์ถฉ๊ฒฉ์ ์คฌ์ต๋๋ค ์ด๋ ์์ ๋ถ์ ์์ ์ ๊ฑฐ ํ๋ก๊ทธ๋จ์ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ์กฐ์น์์ต๋๋ค |
I think, not just stupid but actually insane.
We didn't want-- I mean, diseases, yes,
You want to give your child the best possible start.
Now, keep in mind, this child is still you, simply the best of you. | ๋จ์ํ ๋ฉ์ฒญํ ๊ฒ ์๋๋ผ ๋ฏธ์น ๊ฑฐ์์
๋ฌผ๋ก ์ง๋ณ์ ์ํ์ง๋ ์์ง๋ง...
์๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ต๊ณ ์กฐ๊ฑด์ ๊ฐ๊ณ ํ์ด๋๊ธธ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฒ๋๋ค
๊ฐ์ฅ ์ข์ ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ |
Okay, good job. Not too much water. Oh, careful, sweetie.
With Ruthie, I started seeing that she kind of wasn't tracking.
When I would feed her, her eyes would slide back and forth. | ์ํ๋ค, ๋ฌผ์ด ๋ง์ ์กฐ์ฌํด, ์ฌ๋ณด
๋ฃจ๋๊ฐ ์ ๋์ ์ณ๋ค๋ณด์ง ์๋๋ค๋ ๊ฑธ ์์์ด์
์ ์ ๋จน์ผ ๋ ๋๋์๊ฐ ์๋ค ๊ฐ๋ค ํ์ด์ |
Hi.
We did genetic testing.
She inherited one mutated copy of this OCA2 gene from me and one from Palmer.
I don't think I even really understood that people with albinism had such impairment of their vision. | ์๋
?
์ ์ ์ ๊ฒ์ฌ๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์๋๋
๋ฃจ๋๊ฐ ์ ์ ํ๋จธํํ
์ ๋์ฐ๋ณ์ด OCA2 ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ 1๊ฐ์ฉ ๋ฐ์๋ค๋๊ตฐ์
๋ฐฑ์์ฆ์ ์๋ ์ฌ๋์ด ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ์ฌํ ์๋ ฅ ์ฅ์ ๋ฅผ ๊ฐ์ก๋ค๋ ๊ฑธ ์์ง๋ ๋ชปํ์ด์ |
It's kind of like wrapping Saran Wrap over your eyes with Vaseline, very, very hard for her to see.
Hi.
Now I just, like, wanted to protect her. Like, this isn't true. This isn't happening. | ๋์ ๋ฐ์
๋ฆฐ ๋ฐ๋ฅธ ๋ฉ์ ์์ด ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์ ๋ณด๋ ๊ฒ ๊ทน๋๋ก ํ๋ค์ฃ
์๋
?
์๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ๋ณดํธํ๊ณ ์ถ์์ด์ ํ์ค์ด ์๋๋ผ๊ณ ๋ถ์ ํ๊ณ ์ถ์์ฃ |
It was horrible...
It was bad.
One, two, three, four.
Okay, where is he? Where is he?
Whoa.
Hi.
She was really easy and happy.
And early on, I think we wondered if she was sort of, I don't know, protected by the fact that she couldn't see a lot. | ์ ๋ง ๋์ฐํ์ด์
ํ๋ค์์ฃ
ํ๋ ๋ ์
๋ท
๋ฃจ๋, ์ํ๋ค
์!
์๋
?
๋ฃจ๋๋ ์์ฃผ ์ํ๊ณ ๋ฐ์์ด์
๋์ด ์ ์ ๋ณด์ด๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ์คํ๋ ค ๋ณดํธ๋ฐ๋์ง ๊ถ๊ธํ์ฃ |
Look, I have a flashlight!
The world wasn't as noisy to her.
-Blue. -Light it. Light it.
She was smart and talkative.
Come here, Yoda.
Super curious. | ์์ ๋ฑ์ด์์!
์ ํํ
๋ ์ธ์์ด ์๋๋ฝ์ง ์์์ด์
- ํ๋์ด์์ - ์ผ ๋ด
๋ฃจ๋๋ ์๋ฆฌํ๊ณ ์๋ค์ค๋ฌ์ ์ฃ
์ด๋ฆฌ ์, ์๋ค
ํธ๊ธฐ์ฌ๋ ๋ง๊ณ ์ |
Oops... You don't know what you don't know.
I want to be a professional basketball player, but I don't think that's gonna happen.
Can I hold him? | ๊ฒช์ด ๋ณด์ง ์์ผ๋ฉด ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ฃ
ํ๋ก ๋๊ตฌ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋๊ณ ์ถ์๋ฐ ํ๋ค ๊ฒ ๊ฐ์์
๋ด๊ฐ ๋ค์ด๋ ๋ผ? |
"Mission is simply one..."
Oh, they come to teach the natives.
I don't know where you draw the line between not having albinism and deciding your kid needs to be an extra foot taller so they can be a good oarsman and go to Yale. | '์๋ฌด๋ ๋จ์ํ...'
์์ฃผ๋ฏผ์ ๊ฐ๋ฅด์น๋ฌ ์์ด
์๋
์ ๋ฐฑ์์ฆ์ ์๋ฐฉํ๋ ๊ฒ๊ณผ ํค๋ฅผ 30์ผํฐ์ฏค ๋์ฌ ์์ผ๋์ ๋ณด๋ผ ์กฐ์ ์ ์๋ก ํค์ฐ๋ ๊ฒ ์ค์์ |
You know, where is that line? Who's going to draw that?
We're maybe a society who is afraid of things that are different or afraid of people who are different, afraid of people who have needs. | ์ด๋์ ์ ์ ๊ทธ์ด์ผ ํ๊ณ ๊ทธ๊ฑด ๋๊ฐ ๊ฒฐ์ ํ์ฃ ?
์๋ค๋ฅธ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๋ ค์ํ๋ฉฐ ์ด๋ ค์์ ์ฒํ ์ฌ๋์ ๋๋ ค์ํ๋์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์ |
You know, we as a society may think that doing better on the SATs is better than doing worse.
Being taller, being handsomer, being more creative, being more courageous, those are traits that we would want to potentially select for. | ์ฐ๋ฆฌ๋ ํ๋์ ์ฌํ๋ก์ ๋ํ ์๋ฅ ์ํ์ ์ ๋ณด๋ ๊ฒ ์ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ๊ฒ๋ณด๋ค ๋ซ๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํด์
์ฐฝ์์ ์ด๊ณ ์ฉ๊ฐํ๊ณ ... ์ฌ๋๋ค์ ์์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ๋ฐ ํน์ฑ์ ์ ํํ๋ ค ํ ๊ฒ๋๋ค |
Should we go there?
Is there an inevitability to going there?
That was an incredibly interesting talk, but don't you think there's a problem with all this?
"Won't every parent just select their kids to be tall and blonde?"
The geeks all come up to me and say, "Isn't this dangerous,
'cause that's what the geeks think is... | ๊ทธ๋ ๊ฒ ํด์ผ ํ ๊น์?
๊ทธ๋์ผ ํ ํ์ฐ์ฑ์ด ์์๊น์?
'์์ฃผ ํฅ๋ฏธ๋ก์ด ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ์ธ๋ฐ ๋ฌธ์ ๊ฐ ํ๋ ์๋ค์'
'๋ชจ๋ ๋ถ๋ชจ๊ฐ ํค ํฐ ๊ธ๋ฐ ์๋
๋ฅผ ์ํ์ง ์์๊น์?'
๋ฒ์์ด๋ค์ ์ด๋ ๊ฒ ๋งํ์ฃ
๋ฒ์์ด๋ค์ ๊ทธ๊ฒ ๋ฉ์ง๋ค๊ณ ์๊ฐํ๊ฑฐ๋ ์ |
Let a million flowers bloom.
The bank's founder will consider for fertilization only women of high intelligence.
You don't know about the Nobel sperm bank? | ๋ค์ํ ์๊ฒฌ์ ์กด์คํด์ผ์ฃ
์ง๋ฅ์ด ๋์ ์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์๊ฒ๋ง ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋ค๊ณ ํฉ๋๋ค
๋
ธ๋ฒจ์ ์์์ ์ ์ ์ํ์ ๋ชจ๋ฅด์ธ์? |
Businessman inventor Robert Graham adds liquid nitrogen once a week to a lead-shielded sperm repository in an underground concrete bunker in his backyard. | ๋ท๋ง๋น ์งํ ์ฝํฌ๋ฆฌํธ ๋ฒ์ปค์ ์๋ ๋ฉ ์ฐจํ ์ ์ ์ ์ฅ์์ ์ผ์ฃผ์ผ์ ํ ๋ฒ์ฉ ์ก์ฒด ์ง์๋ฅผ ๋ถ์ต๋๋ค |
The more good genes in the human gene pool, the more good individuals will come out of it.
We aren't even thinking in terms of the super race.
The so-called genius sperm bank, a sperm bank to provide women, for free, with donor semen from men that they viewed as geniuses. | ์ธ๊ฐ ์ ์ ์ํ์ ์ข์ ์ ์ ์๊ฐ ๋ง์์๋ก ์ฐ์ํ ์ธ์ฌ๊ฐ ํ์ด๋ ํ๋ฅ ์ด ๋์ต๋๋ค
์ฐ๋ฆฐ ์ฐ์ ์ธ์ข
์ ๊ด์ ์์ ์๊ฐํ์ง๋ ์์ต๋๋ค
์ฌ์ฑ๋ค์๊ฒ ๋ฌด๋ฃ๋ก ์ ์๋ฅผ ์ ๊ณตํ๋๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋ค์ด ์ฒ์ฌ๋ผ๊ณ ํ๋จํ ๋จ์๋คํํ
๊ธฐ์ฆ๋ฐ์ ์ ์์์ |
"Who's Who of Emerging Leaders."
I did a tour of sperm banks for the U.S. Congress.
I think I'm the only person who's ever gone on a congressionally financed tour of California sperm banks. | '์ฐจ์ธ๋ ์ง๋์ ์ธ๋ช
์ฌ์ '์ด์ฃ
์ ๊ฐ ๋ฏธ๊ตญ ์ํ ๋ํ๋ก ์ฌ๋ฌ ์ ์ ์ํ์ ๋ฐฉ๋ฌธํ์ฃ
์ํ ๊ฒฝ๋น๋ก ์บ๋ฆฌํฌ๋์์ฃผ์ ์ ์ ์ํ์ ๊ตฌ๊ฒฝํ ์ฌ๋์ ์ ๋ฟ์ผ ๊ฑฐ์์ |
But what if you could take that guy's sperm and edit those specific things out?
Could I change his sperm so it's still him but a better him?
- Exactly, yeah. -Right? | ๊ทธ์ ์ ์๋ฅผ ๋ฐ์ ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ฝ์ ์ ํธ์งํ๋ฉด ์ด๋์?
์ ์๋ฅผ ํธ์งํด์ ๊ฐ์ผ๋ฉด์๋ ๋์ ์ฌ๋์ผ๋ก ๋ง๋ ๋ค๊ณ ์?
- ๋ง์์ - ๋ค |
Yeah.
So, maybe that will happen.
This committee's gonna be looking at both somatic and germ line applications of gene editing.
Can this be achieved by germ line gene editing? | ๋ค
๊ฐ๋ฅํ ์ผ์ด ๋ ์ง๋ ๋ชฐ๋ผ์
์ด ์์ํ๋์ฒด์ธํฌ์ ์์ ์ธํฌ์ ๋ํ ์ ์ ์ ํธ์ง์ ์ดํด๋ณด๋ ค ํฉ๋๋ค
์์ ์ธํฌ ํธ์ง์ผ๋ก ๊ทธ ๋ชฉํ๋ฅผ ๋ฌ์ฑํ ์ ์์๊น์? |
My view is no.
But they all said those things at a time when it couldn't be done, so it was easy to say. It was a gimme, right?
Huntington's lurks in our DNA like a time bomb. | ์ ๊ฐ ๋ณผ ๋๋ ์๋๋๋ค
๊ทธ๋ฐ๋ฐ ๊ทธ๋๋ ๊ทธ๊ฒ ๋ถ๊ฐ๋ฅํ๊ธฐ ๋๋ฌธ์ ๋งํ๊ธฐ๊ฐ ์ฌ์ ์ด์ ์์ฃผ ์ฌ์ด ์ผ์ด์์ฃ
ํํ
ํด ๋ฌด๋๋ณ์ด ์ํํญํ์ฒ๋ผ ์ฐ๋ฆฌ DNA ์์ ์จ์ด ์์ต๋๋ค |
It would really eliminate a scourge in the world, so I would say go for it.
I say, yes, it is worth pursuing in a safe and rational manner.
Definitely. Let's go. | ๊ทธ๋ฐ ์ง๋ณ์ ์์ ๋ ๊ฑฐ๋ผ๋ฉด ์ ๋ ์ฐฌ์ฑ์
๋๋ค
์ ๋ ์ฐฌ์ฑ์ด์์ ์์ ํ๊ณ ํฉ๋ฆฌ์ ์ธ ๋ฐฉ์์ผ๋ก
์ถ์งํด์ผ ํด์ |
Anything that will stop my child from suffering,
I'm for.
You know, draw this ethical line wherever you want, but don't draw it in front of my disease. | ์ ์์ด๋ฅผ ๊ณ ํต์์ ๊ตฌํด ์ค ์ ์๋ค๋ฉด
์ฐฌ์ฑ์
๋๋ค
์ค๋ฆฌ์ ์ ์ ๊ธ๋ ๊ฑด ์ข์ง๋ง ๋ด ์ง๋ณ ์์๋ ๊ธ์ง ๋ง๋ผ๋ ๊ฑฐ์ฃ |
He was six days old.
I remember one woman told a story about a child that she had and died of an inheritable disease.
He had seizures every day. | ๊ทธ ์ ๋ 6์ด์ด์์ด์
ํ ์ฌ์ฑ์ด ์ ์ ๋ณ์ผ๋ก ์ฌ๋งํ ์๊ธฐ ์๋ค ์ด์ผ๊ธฐ๋ฅผ ํ์ด์
๋งค์ผ ๋ฐ์์ ์ผ์ผ์ผฐ์ฃ |
We donated his body for research.
If we have--
The skills and the knowledge to fix these diseases, then freaking do it.
but we understood that this was now a break from the past in the thinking on this topic, yes. | ์์ด ์์ ์ ์ฐ๊ตฌ์์ ๊ธฐ์ฆํ์ด์
์ด๋ฐ ์ง๋ณ์
์ง์์ด ์๋ค๋ฉด ์ ๋ฐ ๊ณ ์ณ ์ฃผ์ธ์
ํ์ง๋ง ์ฐ๋ฆฐ ์ด์ ์ด ๋ฌธ์ ์ ๋ํ ๊ด์ ์ด ๊ณผ๊ฑฐ์ ์์ ํ ๋ฌ๋ผ์ก์์ ์์์ด์ |
In Genesis 1, we discovered the concept of the Imago Dei, being in the image and likeness of God.
Are we playing God?
This is Laika, this is Nova and this is Joy. | ํ๋๋์ ๋ฎ์ ์ธ๊ฐ์ ๋ชจ์ต์์ ์์์ต๋๋ค
์ฐ๋ฆฌ๊ฐ ์ ๋์ด๋ฅผ ํ๋์?
์๋ ๋ผ์ด์นด, ์๋ ๋
ธ๋ฐ ์๋ ์กฐ์ด์์ |
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