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In molecular biology mir-331 microRNA is a short RNA molecule. MicroRNAs function to regulate the expression levels of other genes by several mechanisms. == See also == MicroRNA == References == == Further reading == == External links == Page for mir-331 microRNA precursor family at Rfam | {
"page_id": 36370584,
"title": "Mir-331 microRNA precursor family"
} |
A Criegee intermediate (also called a Criegee zwitterion or Criegee biradical) is a carbonyl oxide with two charge centers. These chemicals may react with sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides in the Earth's atmosphere, and are implicated in the formation of aerosols, which are an important factor in controlling global cl... | {
"page_id": 10877079,
"title": "Criegee intermediate"
} |
species. In the ozonolysis reaction sequence, the Criegee intermediate reacts with another carbonyl compound (generally the aldehyde or ketone byproduct of the Criegee-intermediate formation reaction itself) to form an ozonide (1,2,4-trioxolane). == References == | {
"page_id": 10877079,
"title": "Criegee intermediate"
} |
Singlet oxygen, systematically named dioxygen(singlet) and dioxidene, is a gaseous inorganic chemical with the formula O=O (also written as 1[O2] or 1O2), which is in a quantum state where all electrons are spin paired. It is kinetically unstable at ambient temperature, but the rate of decay is slow. The lowest excited... | {
"page_id": 1898647,
"title": "Singlet oxygen"
} |
energy 1Σ+g singlet state rapidly converts to the more stable, lower energy 1Δg singlet state. This more stable of the two excited states has its two valence electrons spin-paired in one π* orbital while the second π* orbital is empty. This state is referred to by the title term, singlet oxygen, commonly abbreviated 1O... | {
"page_id": 1898647,
"title": "Singlet oxygen"
} |
singlet excited states of oxygen can be described by the simple scheme in the figure below. The 1Δg singlet state is 7882.4 cm−1 above the triplet 3Σ−g ground state., which in other units corresponds to 94.29 kJ/mol or 0.9773 eV. The 1Σ+g singlet is 13 120.9 cm−1 (157.0 kJ/mol or 1.6268 eV) above the ground state. Radi... | {
"page_id": 1898647,
"title": "Singlet oxygen"
} |
field the degeneracy of the M L {\displaystyle M_{L}} levels is split into two levels with z projections of angular momenta +1ħ and −1ħ around the molecular axis. The magnetic transition between these levels gives rise to the g = 1 {\displaystyle g=1} EPR transition. == Production == Various methods for the production ... | {
"page_id": 1898647,
"title": "Singlet oxygen"
} |
oxygen participates in Diels–Alder [4+2]- and [2+2]-cycloaddition reactions and formal concerted ene reactions (Schenck ene reaction), causing photooxygenation. It oxidizes thioethers to sulfoxides. Organometallic complexes are often degraded by singlet oxygen. With some substrates 1,2-dioxetanes are formed; cyclic die... | {
"page_id": 1898647,
"title": "Singlet oxygen"
} |
electronic levels of the oxygen molecule". Nature. 122 (3075): 505. Bibcode:1928Natur.122..505M. doi:10.1038/122505a0. S2CID 4105859. Chou, Pi-Tai; Wei, Guor-Tzo; Lin, Chih-Hung; Wei, Ching-Yen; Chang, Chie-Hung (1996-01-01). "Direct Spectroscopic Evidence of Photosensitized O2 765 nm (1Σ+g → 3Σ-g) and O2 Dimol 634 and... | {
"page_id": 1898647,
"title": "Singlet oxygen"
} |
Cayman Chemical Company is an American biotechnology company founded in 1980, headquartered in Ann Arbor, Michigan. The company provides chemicals that are used primarily by universities and pharmaceutical companies for research and the development of medicines. The company is also known as a provider of reference stan... | {
"page_id": 39975065,
"title": "Cayman Chemical Company"
} |
biochemical company offering a comprehensive line of sphingolipids, glycosphingolipids, gangliosides, globotriaosylceramides, fatty acids, and sterols. == References == == External links == Cayman Chemical Official website Cayman Pharma Official website | {
"page_id": 39975065,
"title": "Cayman Chemical Company"
} |
A tippe top is a kind of top that when spun, will spontaneously invert itself to spin on its narrow stem. It was invented by a German nurse, Helene Sperl in 1898. == Description == A tippe top usually has a body shaped like a truncated sphere, with a short narrow stem attached perpendicular to the center of the flat ci... | {
"page_id": 10025116,
"title": "Tippe top"
} |
zero (i.e. there is no slippage). However, as indicated by P. Contensou, this assumption does not lead to a correct physical description of the top's motion. The unusual behavior of the top can be fully described by considering dry friction forces at the contact point. == See also == Euler's Disk – Another spinning phy... | {
"page_id": 10025116,
"title": "Tippe top"
} |
The European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility (European XFEL) is an X-ray research laser facility commissioned during 2017. The first laser pulses were produced in May 2017 and the facility started user operation in September 2017. The international project with twelve participating countries; nine shareholders at th... | {
"page_id": 14809246,
"title": "European XFEL"
} |
by self-amplified spontaneous emission (SASE), where electrons interact with the radiation that they or their neighbours emit. Since it is not possible to build mirrors to reflect the X-rays for multiple passes through the electron beam gain medium, as with light lasers, the X-rays are generated in a single pass throug... | {
"page_id": 14809246,
"title": "European XFEL"
} |
magnets. Scientific applications include the investigation of matter such as that found inside exoplanets, high-density plasmas and matter under extreme pressures or high magnetic fields. The first user experiment took place in May 2019. Since then, further devices have been put into operation and optimised, such as th... | {
"page_id": 14809246,
"title": "European XFEL"
} |
DEPMOS Sensor with Signal Compression (DSSC) detector. SCS offers a variety of different optical sources to be used as a pump to induce transient states or photoactivated reactions in the samples. All the end-stations are equipped with an optical laser in-coupling which allows for spatial and temporal overlap of the X-... | {
"page_id": 14809246,
"title": "European XFEL"
} |
a 3D representation of the investigated structure. By phase retrieval methods it is possible to pass from the measured diffraction patterns in reciprocal space to a real space visualization of the scattering object. Dynamics Complex nanoscale dynamics is an ubiquitous phenomenon of fundamental interest at the forefront... | {
"page_id": 14809246,
"title": "European XFEL"
} |
that built and operates the facility was founded in 2009. Civil construction of the facility began on 8 January 2009. Construction of the tunnels was completed in summer 2012, and all underground construction was completed the following year. The first beams were accelerated in April 2017, and the first X-ray beams wer... | {
"page_id": 14809246,
"title": "European XFEL"
} |
Human to animal breastfeeding has been practiced in some different cultures during various time periods. The practice of breastfeeding or suckling between humans and other species occurred in both directions: women sometimes breastfed young animals, and animals were used to suckle babies and children. Animals were used... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
The suckling of infants by animals was a repeated theme in classical mythology. Most famously, twin brothers Romulus and Remus (the former founded Rome) were portrayed as having been raised by a she-wolf which suckled the infants, as depicted in the iconic image of the Capitoline Wolf. The Greek god Zeus was said to ha... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
milk was widely held; the Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus thought that being suckled by lionesses conferred great courage. Goats were thought to transmit a libidinous character and some preferred to employ donkeys as wet nurses instead, as they were thought to be more moral animals. In modern Egypt, though, donkeys wer... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
village trained his goat to jump on a table, where he had laid his motherless child on a pillow. The goat would stand waiting until the baby drank its fill of her milk. One important use of goats for suckling concerned the feeding and attempted cure of babies born with congenital syphilis inherited from their mothers. ... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
and infants used goat's milk exclusively, as it was easier than cow's milk to digest. In France, homes for foundlings (abandoned babies) often kept large numbers of goats to feed the infants, as they were considered less problematic than lower-class wet nurses. In some institutions, nurses (nannies) carried the infants... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
animals == The breastfeeding by humans of animals is a practice that is widely attested historically and continues to be practised today by some cultures. The reasons for this are varied: to feed young animals, to drain a woman's breasts, to promote lactation, to harden the nipples before a baby is born, to prevent con... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
with her and suckling it as a symbol of the Lamb of God. In far northern Japan, the Ainu people are noted for holding an annual bear festival at which a captured bear, raised and suckled by the women, is sacrificed. === For the mother's sake === English and German physicians between the 16th and 18th centuries recommen... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
skilled person to carry out this task rather than an animal. === Other or undetermined reasons === Tribal peoples around the world have breastfed many types of animal. Travelers in Guyana observed native women breastfeeding a variety of animals, including monkeys, opossums, pacas, agoutis, peccaries and deer. Native Ca... | {
"page_id": 35715231,
"title": "Human–animal breastfeeding"
} |
Robert Lutece and Rosalind Lutece, collectively known as the Lutece twins, are a duo of characters from the BioShock video game series created by Ken Levine, published by 2K Games. They debut in the 2013 video game BioShock Infinite, where they serve as the drivers for the game's events and often materialize under myst... | {
"page_id": 51050653,
"title": "Lutece twins"
} |
nature as time travelers. Hummel decided that the Luteces would have red hair, and that Rosalind in particular would wear a dress. The physical appearance of both characters reflected the commercial beauty ideal of their contemporary time period: Rosalind's hairstyle is inspired by the “Gibson Girl” look, and Robert's ... | {
"page_id": 51050653,
"title": "Lutece twins"
} |
minutiae of the game's script; according to Hale, the creative team would occasionally encourage them to ad-lib or improvise certain lines provided that there were no technical constraints. Both Vaquer and Hale had a very positive work experience with the developmental team of Infinite, and credited director Ken Levine... | {
"page_id": 51050653,
"title": "Lutece twins"
} |
of a machine at Rosalind's boarded up residence that could produce 'tears", fissures in dimensional time and space that offer a route to an alternate universe which does not exist in the current world, reveal that the Luteces initially worked for Father Zachary Hale Comstock, the leader of Columbia. They devised a plan... | {
"page_id": 51050653,
"title": "Lutece twins"
} |
== Promotion and reception == Irrational Games staff made a video of the characters discussing the Character of the Year Award at the 2013 Spike VG, which is hosted on the YouTube channel of former staff member Neil David Carter. The characters have been subject of merchandise like the 1.5-inch piece BioShock Infinite ... | {
"page_id": 51050653,
"title": "Lutece twins"
} |
Hale's most notable roles, praising the "brilliant' performances from both Hale and her counterpart Oliver Vaquer. Analyzing Claire Hummel's work on characters like the Luteces, Heli Salomaa remarked that her work as an assigned costume concept artist was further from fashion designer’s than costume designer’s position... | {
"page_id": 51050653,
"title": "Lutece twins"
} |
The European Astrobiology Network Association (EANA) coordinates and facilities research expertise in astrobiology in Europe. EANA was created in 2001 to coordinate the different European centers in astrobiology and the related fields previously organized in paleontology, geology, atmospheric physics, planetary science... | {
"page_id": 57079971,
"title": "European Astrobiology Network Association"
} |
EHA101 was one of the first and most widely used Agrobacterium helper plasmid for plant gene transfer. Created in 1985 in the laboratory of Mary-Dell Chilton at Washington University in St. Louis, it was named after the graduate student who constructed it. The EH stands for "Elizabeth Hood" and A for "Agrobacterium". T... | {
"page_id": 40761507,
"title": "EHA101"
} |
through site-directed deletion of the kanamycin resistance gene from the Ti plasmid, otherwise the strains are identical. This latter strain has been useful to plant biotechnologists who use kanamycin as a selectable marker on their binary plasmids. == References == | {
"page_id": 40761507,
"title": "EHA101"
} |
The neokaryotes (Cavalier-Smith 1993) are a proposed eukaryote clade consisting of the unikonts and the bikonts as sister of for instance the Jakobea. It arises because the Euglenozoa, Percolozoa, Tsukubea, and Jakobea are seen in this view as more basal eukaryotes. These four groups, are traditionally grouped together... | {
"page_id": 55376036,
"title": "Neokaryotes"
} |
The SEG-Y (sometimes SEG Y) file format is one of several standards developed by the Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) for storing geophysical data. It is an open standard, and is controlled by the SEG Technical Standards Committee, a non-profit organization. == History == The format was originally developed i... | {
"page_id": 6092968,
"title": "SEG-Y"
} |
EBCDIC and number data in IBM Floating Point, whereas processing systems in use quickly evolved based on ASCII character and IEEE number representations. Even before the SEG-Y standard was agreed and published, earlier seismic data format standards published by the SEG such as SEG-A, SEG-B and SEG-C were modified by se... | {
"page_id": 6092968,
"title": "SEG-Y"
} |
== == External links == Downloadable SEG Technical Standards, including SEG Y revisions 0, 1 and 2 | {
"page_id": 6092968,
"title": "SEG-Y"
} |
Poul Bjørndahl Astrup (4 August 1915 – 30 November 2000) was a Danish clinical chemist famous for inventing a CO2 electrode and co-inventing the concept of base excess. == References == == External links == Poul Astrup - blodgasser, syrer og baser Ugeskrift for Læger 2007;169(35):2896 (in Danish) | {
"page_id": 24443049,
"title": "Poul Bjørndahl Astrup"
} |
The molecular formula C3H7N3O2 (molar mass: 117.107 g/mol) may refer to: ENU (N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea), a potent mutagen Glycocyamine, a metabolite of glycine | {
"page_id": 33749163,
"title": "C3H7N3O2"
} |
Minimum information about a microarray experiment (MIAME) is a standard created by the FGED Society for reporting microarray experiments. MIAME is intended to specify all the information necessary to interpret the results of the experiment unambiguously and to potentially reproduce the experiment. While the standard de... | {
"page_id": 2029743,
"title": "Minimum information about a microarray experiment"
} |
Stripping is a physical separation process where one or more components are removed from a liquid stream by a vapor stream. In industrial applications the liquid and vapor streams can have co-current or countercurrent flows. Stripping is usually carried out in either a packed or trayed column. == Theory == Stripping wo... | {
"page_id": 15988913,
"title": "Stripping (chemistry)"
} |
of the solute needed, the choice of the stripping agent and its flow, the operating conditions, the number of stages, the heat effects, and the type and size of the equipment. The degree of recovery is often determined by environmental regulations, such as for volatile organic compounds like chloroform. Frequently, ste... | {
"page_id": 15988913,
"title": "Stripping (chemistry)"
} |
Trayed strippers can have sieve, valve, or bubble cap trays while packed strippers can have either structured packing or random packing. Trays and packing are used to increase the contact area over which mass transfer can occur as mass transfer theory dictates. Packing can have varying material, surface area, flow area... | {
"page_id": 15988913,
"title": "Stripping (chemistry)"
} |
and wastewater. These compounds can be present because of industrial, agricultural, and commercial activity. == See also == Steam stripping (Similar concept, but more specialized to Refinery Operations ) Continuous distillation Distillation Distillation Design Fractionating column Packed bed Steam distillation Theoreti... | {
"page_id": 15988913,
"title": "Stripping (chemistry)"
} |
The neuroprostanes are prostaglandin-like compounds formed in vivo from the free radical-catalyzed peroxidation of essential fatty acids (primarily docosahexaenoic acid) without the direct action of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes. The result is the formation of isoprostane-like compounds F4-, D4-, E4-, A4-, and J4-neurop... | {
"page_id": 56948914,
"title": "Neuroprostanes"
} |
In molecular biology, mir-337 microRNA is a short RNA molecule, called MicroRNA. It is used to suppress the invasion and migration of breast cancer cells. == See also == MicroRNA == References == == Further reading == == External links == Page for mir-337 microRNA precursor family at Rfam | {
"page_id": 36370611,
"title": "Mir-337 microRNA precursor family"
} |
Heritability is the proportion of variance caused by genetic factors of a specific trait in a population. Falconer's formula is a mathematical formula that is used in twin studies to estimate the relative contribution of genetic vs. environmental factors to variation in a particular trait (that is, the heritability of ... | {
"page_id": 7862454,
"title": "Falconer's formula"
} |
2 ⋅ Corr ( 1 2 A , C ) {\displaystyle r_{dz}={\frac {1}{2}}A+C+2\cdot {\text{Corr}}({\tfrac {1}{2}}A,C)} == See also == Quantitative genetics == References == | {
"page_id": 7862454,
"title": "Falconer's formula"
} |
A furanose is a collective term for carbohydrates that have a chemical structure that includes a five-membered ring system consisting of four carbon atoms and one oxygen atom. The name derives from its similarity to the oxygen heterocycle furan, but the furanose ring does not have double bonds. == Structural properties... | {
"page_id": 522430,
"title": "Furanose"
} |
Marisol Aguilera Meneses (born in La Asunción, Nueva Esparta, Venezuela) is a Venezuelan biologist whose research involves the ecology of vertebrates. She is the president of the Venezuelan Association for the Advancement of Science (AsoVAC) and the International Organization Interciencia, which brings together associa... | {
"page_id": 68221120,
"title": "Marisol Aguilera"
} |
co-editor of five books, including the book on Biodiversity in Venezuela, published by the Polar Foundation and Fonacit in 2003, unique in Venezuela because 78 researchers from all over the country participated in it. == Awards and distinctions == Order of July 18: Third Class, in recognition of her 10 years of work at... | {
"page_id": 68221120,
"title": "Marisol Aguilera"
} |
The J-integral represents a way to calculate the strain energy release rate, or work (energy) per unit fracture surface area, in a material. The theoretical concept of J-integral was developed in 1967 by G. P. Cherepanov and independently in 1968 by James R. Rice, who showed that an energetic contour path integral (cal... | {
"page_id": 4323521,
"title": "J-integral"
} |
two-dimensional J-integral was originally defined as (see Figure 1 for an illustration) J := ∫ Γ ( W d x 2 − t ⋅ ∂ u ∂ x 1 d s ) = ∫ Γ ( W d x 2 − t i ∂ u i ∂ x 1 d s ) {\displaystyle J:=\int _{\Gamma }\left(W~\mathrm {d} x_{2}-\mathbf {t} \cdot {\cfrac {\partial \mathbf {u} }{\partial x_{1}}}~\mathrm {d} s\right)=\int... | {
"page_id": 4323521,
"title": "J-integral"
} |
is closed and encloses a region that contains no singularities and is simply connected. If the faces of the crack do not have any surface tractions on them then the J-integral is also path independent. Rice also showed that the value of the J-integral represents the energy release rate for planar crack growth. The J-in... | {
"page_id": 4323521,
"title": "J-integral"
} |
2 ( 1 + ν E ) {\displaystyle J_{\rm {IIIc}}=G_{\rm {IIIc}}=K_{\rm {IIIc}}^{2}\left({\frac {1+\nu }{E}}\right)} == Elastic-plastic materials and the HRR solution == Hutchinson, Rice and Rosengren subsequently showed that J characterizes the singular stress and strain fields at the tip of a crack in nonlinear (power law ... | {
"page_id": 4323521,
"title": "J-integral"
} |
− α K n + 1 r ( n + 1 ) ( s − 2 ) + 1 I {\displaystyle J_{\Gamma _{2}}=-\alpha \,K^{n+1}\,r^{(n+1)(s-2)+1}\,I} where K is a stress amplitude, (r,θ) is a polar coordinate system with origin at the crack tip, s is a constant determined from an asymptotic expansion of the stress field around the crack, and I is a dimensio... | {
"page_id": 4323521,
"title": "J-integral"
} |
(K) that is used in linear elastic fracture mechanics, i.e., we can use a criterion such as J > JIc as a crack growth criterion. == See also == Fracture toughness Toughness Fracture mechanics Stress intensity factor Nature of the slip band local field == References == == External links == J. R. Rice, "A Path Independen... | {
"page_id": 4323521,
"title": "J-integral"
} |
An immune complex, sometimes called an antigen-antibody complex or antigen-bound antibody, is a molecule formed from the binding of multiple antigens to antibodies. The bound antigen and antibody act as a unitary object, effectively an antigen of its own with a specific epitope. After an antigen-antibody reaction, the ... | {
"page_id": 4323523,
"title": "Immune complex"
} |
on the surface of immune cells has been associated with systemic lupus erythematosus. == Functions == === Regulation of antibody production === Immune complexes can also play a role in the regulation of antibody production. B cells express B-cell receptors (BCRs) on their surfaces and antigen binding to these receptors... | {
"page_id": 4323523,
"title": "Immune complex"
} |
can either activate or inhibit cellular functions. The binding of the immune complex to the DC’s membrane-bound receptor and internalization of the immune complex and receptor begins the process of antigen presentation, which allows the DC to activate T cells. Via this process, immune complexes cause enhanced T cell ac... | {
"page_id": 4323523,
"title": "Immune complex"
} |
Flotation of flexible objects is a phenomenon in which the bending of a flexible material allows an object to displace a greater amount of fluid than if it were completely rigid. This ability to displace more fluid translates directly into an ability to support greater loads, giving the flexible structure an advantage ... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
resulting surface tension force) to disappear. By extending his analysis to consider a similar system composed of thin strips of some finite bending stiffness, he found that this later case in fact was able support a greater load. A well known work in the area of surface tension aided flotation was the analysis of wate... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
the object means that the water will attempt to minimize contact due to an unfavorable energy tradeoff associated with wetting. As a result, surface tension attempts to pull back on the water line in order to minimize contact with the hydrophobic object and retain a lowest energy state. This action by the surface to pu... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
spring with spring constant per unit width K s {\displaystyle K_{s}} . Furthermore, let α {\displaystyle \alpha } be the angle between a plate and the horizontal, and ϕ {\displaystyle \phi } the from where the meniscus meets the plate to the horizontal. The distance from the undisturbed water line to the plate's outer ... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
s {\displaystyle U=S+E_{s}} S {\displaystyle S} is the surface energy of the water/air interface E s {\displaystyle E_{s}} is the energy stored in the torsional spring and is equal to E s = K s ( 2 α ) 2 / 2 {\displaystyle E_{s}=K_{s}(2\alpha )^{2}/2} There are two ways in which the system energy can change by an incre... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
sin ( ϕ − α ) δ α ) ) {\displaystyle \delta W_{\sigma }=2\sigma \left({\text{sin}}\phi \delta h+b\left({\text{sin}}\left(\phi -\alpha \right)\delta \alpha \right)\right)} δ U = σ δ L + 4 K s α δ α {\displaystyle \delta U=\sigma \delta {\mathcal {L}}+4K_{s}\alpha \delta \alpha } Here, η ( x ) {\displaystyle \eta (x)} is... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
{2}}\beta \right)}{16+\beta ^{2}}}}}\right)} D max = β 4 + 2 + 1 β {\displaystyle D_{\text{max}}={\frac {\beta }{4}}+{\sqrt {2}}+{\frac {1}{\beta }}} The equations for H {\displaystyle H} and α {\displaystyle \alpha } give the configuration parameters that give the maximum value of D {\displaystyle D} . For further ins... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
deformable bodies. Generalizing the equations of the two plate system allows one to write a corresponding set of equations for the case of a continuously deformable plate. This continuously deformable plate is composed of n {\displaystyle n} sub-plates, where similar force and torque equilibrium conditions described be... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
ant raft is several fold. The extra weight-bearing that flexibility imparts is vital as hungry fish will swim along the underside of the raft and eat at many of the members. Furthermore, as waves travel along the water surface, the ant raft's flexibility allows it to effectively "roll" with the wave and minimize distur... | {
"page_id": 41351364,
"title": "Flotation of flexible objects"
} |
Tiasa Adhya (born c. 1987) is an Indian conservationist and wildlife biologist. She is known for her work protecting fishing cats and has received the Nari Shakti Puraskar. Her research also contributed to fishing cats being listed as a vulnerable species on the 2016 IUCN Red List. == Early life and education == Adhya ... | {
"page_id": 71628998,
"title": "Tiasa Adhya"
} |
Research, 54, 1-13. Adhya, T., & Dey, P. (2020). First record of Eurasian otter (Lutra lutra) from Chilika lagoon: a Ramsar site situated on the East coast of India. OTTER, Journal of the International Otter Survival Fund, 6, 49-55. == Awards and recognition == 2018 Wildlife Conservation Network Scholarship Future for ... | {
"page_id": 71628998,
"title": "Tiasa Adhya"
} |
Robotic process automation (RPA) is a form of business process automation that is based on software robots (bots) or artificial intelligence (AI) agents. RPA should not be confused with artificial intelligence as it is based on automation technology following a predefined workflow. It is sometimes referred to as softwa... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
RPA is much more extensible, consisting of API integration into other enterprise applications, connectors into ITSM systems, terminal services and even some types of AI (e.g. machine learning) services such as image recognition. It is considered to be a significant technological evolution in the sense that new software... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
as these owes much to the advent of virtualization technology, without which the scalability of large deployments would be limited by the available capacity to manage physical hardware and by the associated costs. The implementation of RPA in business enterprises has shown dramatic cost savings when compared to traditi... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
back many jobs from offshore. === RPA actual use === Banking and finance process automation Mortgage and lending processes Customer care automation eCommerce merchandising operations Social media marketing Optical character recognition applications Data extraction process Fixed automation process Manual and Repetative ... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
– Sompo Japan and Aioi – both of whom introduced bots to speed up the process of insurance pay-outs in past massive disaster incidents. Meanwhile, Professor Willcocks, author of the LSE paper cited above, speaks of increased job satisfaction and intellectual stimulation, characterising the technology as having the abil... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
to be simple and transactional in nature, requiring little (if any) analysis or subjective judgement. This would seem to make an ideal starting point for organizations beginning to adopt robotic automation for the back office. Whether client organisations choose to take outsourced processes back "in house" from their b... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
and conversely, BPO providers have previously relocated outsourced operations to different political and geographic territories in response to changing wage inflation and new labour arbitrage opportunities elsewhere. By contrast, a data centre solution would seem to offer a fixed and predictable cost base that, if suff... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
layer automation software, increasingly used by business process outsourcers to displace human labour Interactive voice response (IVR) systems incorporating intelligent interaction with callers == See also == Automation Business process automation == References == == Further reading == == External links == Jobs, produc... | {
"page_id": 47642826,
"title": "Robotic process automation"
} |
Pseudoproteases are catalytically-deficient pseudoenzyme variants of proteases that are represented across the kingdoms of life. == Examples == == See also == Protease Pseudoenzyme Catalytic triad == References == | {
"page_id": 59439306,
"title": "Pseudoprotease"
} |
In stereochemistry, mutarotation is the change in optical rotation of a chiral material in a solution due to a change in proportion of the two constituent anomers (i.e. the interconversion of their respective stereocenters) until equilibrium is reached. Cyclic sugars show mutarotation as α and β anomeric forms intercon... | {
"page_id": 522442,
"title": "Mutarotation"
} |
the two anomers present from the enantiomeric excess, as long as one knows the rotation of each pure anomer. One can monitor the mutarotation process over time or determine the equilibrium mixture by observing the optical rotation and how it changes. == Reaction mechanism == == See also == Anomer Carbohydrate Monosacch... | {
"page_id": 522442,
"title": "Mutarotation"
} |
Defoliation bacilli bombs, made between 1932 and 1933, were used by the Imperial Japanese Army to spread bubonic plague across China. The deployment of these lethal munitions provided the Japanese with the ability to launch devastating biological attacks, infecting agriculture, reservoirs, wells and populated areas wit... | {
"page_id": 33421517,
"title": "Defoliation bacilli bomb"
} |
The Laser Integration Line (LIL) is a prototype for the Laser Mégajoule (LMJ) located at CEA-CESTA. Whereas the LMJ is planned to comprise 240 laser beams and deliver 1.8MJ, the LIL delivers just one sixtieth of the energy, 30kJ. == References == === Bibliography === == Further reading == Di-Nicola, J.M.; Fleurot, N.; ... | {
"page_id": 13629642,
"title": "Laser integration line"
} |
The purpose of electromechanical modeling is to model and simulate an electromechanical system, such that its physical parameters can be examined before the actual system is built. Parameter estimation utilizing different estimation theory coupled with physical experiments and physical realization by doing proper stabi... | {
"page_id": 15399117,
"title": "Electromechanical modeling"
} |
means of an energy approach. As a result, an extended Lagrangian format is produced. == See also == Mechatronics Mechanical–electrical analogies == References == Dean C. Karnopp; Donald L. Margolis; Ronald C. Rosenberg (1999). System Dynamics: Modeling and Simulation of Mechatronic Systems. Wiley-Interscience. ISBN 0-4... | {
"page_id": 15399117,
"title": "Electromechanical modeling"
} |
Bacteriophages (phages), potentially the most numerous "organisms" on Earth, are the viruses of bacteria (more generally, of prokaryotes). Phage ecology is the study of the interaction of bacteriophages with their environments. == Introduction to phage ecology == === Vastness of phage ecology === Phages are obligate in... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
microbiology, particularly in terms of environmental microbiology, but also from an enormous catalog (90 years) of study of phage and phage-bacterial interactions in terms of their physiology and, especially, their molecular biology. == Phage "organismal" ecology == Phage "organismal" ecology is primarily the study of ... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
in fact it wasn't until the late 1930s through the 1940s that phages were studied, with rigor, as individuals, e.g., by electron microscopy and single-step growth experiments. Note, though, that for practical reasons much of "organismal" phage study is of their properties in bulk culture (many phage) rather than the pr... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
measured over time. == Phage population ecology == A population is a group of individuals which either do or can interbreed or, if incapable of interbreeding, then are recently derived from a single individual (a clonal population). Population ecology considers characteristics that are apparent in populations of indivi... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
the phages and their host bacteria. Bacterial resistance to phages puts pressure on the phages to develop stronger effects on the bacteria. The Red Queen hypothesis describes this relationship, as the organisms must constantly adapt and evolve in order to survive. This relationship is important to understand as phages ... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
which means that the immunity to phages by bacteria has been acquired via adding spacers of DNA that are identical to that of the DNA from the phage. Some phages have been found to be immune to this mechanism as well. In some way or another, the phages have managed to get rid of the sequence that would be replicated. A... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
of solubilizing the biological tissues of living animals [3]). Phage ecosystem ecologists are primarily concerned with the phage impact on the global carbon cycle, especially within the context of a phenomenon known as the microbial loop. == Notes == == External links == The Bacteriophage Ecology Group (BEG): Home of P... | {
"page_id": 6420688,
"title": "Phage ecology"
} |
The heating value (or energy value or calorific value) of a substance, usually a fuel or food (see food energy), is the amount of heat released during the combustion of a specified amount of it. The calorific value is the total energy released as heat when a substance undergoes complete combustion with oxygen under sta... | {
"page_id": 1112273,
"title": "Heat of combustion"
} |
is converted to nitrogen gas. That is, the heat of combustion, ΔH°comb, is the heat of reaction of the following process: CcHhNnOo (std.) + (c + h⁄4 - o⁄2) O2 (g) → cCO2 (g) + h⁄2H2O (l) + n⁄2N2 (g) Chlorine and sulfur are not quite standardized; they are usually assumed to convert to hydrogen chloride gas and SO2 or S... | {
"page_id": 1112273,
"title": "Heat of combustion"
} |
fuel. It is measured as a unit of energy per unit mass or volume of substance. The HHV is determined by bringing all the products of combustion back to the original pre-combustion temperature, including condensing any vapor produced. Such measurements often use a standard temperature of 25 °C (77 °F; 298 K). This is th... | {
"page_id": 1112273,
"title": "Heat of combustion"
} |
process is in vapor state at the end of combustion, as opposed to the higher heating value (HHV) (a.k.a. gross calorific value or gross CV) which assumes that all of the water in a combustion process is in a liquid state after a combustion process. Another definition of the LHV is the amount of heat released when the p... | {
"page_id": 1112273,
"title": "Heat of combustion"
} |
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