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tunable wave reflection grids, in succession. A collector electrode is provided to intercept the beam after passing through the resonators. The first resonator causes bunching of the particles passing through it. The bunched particles travel in a field-free region where further bunching occurs, then the bunched particl... | {
"page_id": 521510,
"title": "Resonator"
} |
skin depth of the conductor used to make the resonator. One key advantage of the LGR is that, at its resonant frequency, its dimensions are small compared to the free-space wavelength of the electromagnetic fields. Therefore, it is possible to use LGRs to construct a compact and high-Q resonator that operates at relati... | {
"page_id": 521510,
"title": "Resonator"
} |
that reflect electromagnetic waves (i.e. light). This allows standing wave modes to exist with little loss. == Mechanical == Mechanical resonators are used in electronic circuits to generate signals of a precise frequency. For example, piezoelectric resonators, commonly made from quartz, are used as frequency reference... | {
"page_id": 521510,
"title": "Resonator"
} |
instruments are examples of acoustic cavity resonators. === Automobiles === The exhaust pipes in automobile exhaust systems are designed as acoustic resonators that work with the muffler to reduce noise, by making sound waves "cancel each other out". The "exhaust note" is an important feature for some vehicle owners, s... | {
"page_id": 521510,
"title": "Resonator"
} |
fifths of the strings' fundamental tones), the bass strings of the guitar now resonate equally with any of the 12 tones of the chromatic octave. The guitar resonator is a device for driving guitar string harmonics by an electromagnetic field. This resonance effect is caused by a feedback loop and is applied to drive th... | {
"page_id": 521510,
"title": "Resonator"
} |
The Aphelion Imaging Software Suite is a software suite that includes three base products - Aphelion Lab, Aphelion Dev, and Aphelion SDK for addressing image processing and image analysis applications. The suite also includes a set of extension programs to implement specific vertical applications that benefit from imag... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
as a set of ActiveX components to be used by software developers, integrators and original equipment manufacturers (OEM). As AAI turned its focus to security, in 2001, ADCIS took the lead on developing Aphelion. AAI focused on millimeter wave scanners for concealed weapon detection at airports, and eventually merged wi... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
around the Sun where it lies farthest from it, applying the term in a metaphorical sense. Unix was the operating system used on scientific workstations in the 1990s, such as on the workstations manufactured by market leader Sun Microsystems, which Windows suite Aphelion was quite removed from. == Description == Aphelio... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
have been extracted during the imaging process. An acquisition system such as a digital camera, a video camera, an optical or electron microscope, a medical scanner, or a smartphone can be used to capture images. The set of values or pixels can be processed as a 1D image (1D signal), a 2D image (array of pixel values c... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
develop a stand-alone application with a custom interface based on the Aphelion libraries. This software development kit including display, processing and analysis functions that can be used by software developers and OEMs. It is provided as DLLs and .Net components. The stand-alone application is typically developed i... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
has been developed above for one image can be applied to a batch of images thanks to the use of the macro-commands available in the Aphelion User Interface. It helps to generate more measurements and get a more robust algorithm working on multiple images. Statistical analysis can be performed on the measurements and cl... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
and contain information that the human eye cannot see. In addition, they are usually digitized on more than 8 bits. In remote sensing applications, hyperspectral images are commonly used (infrared and ultraviolet). They help to extract some specific contrast areas in known wavelengths. === Quality control and inspectio... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
analyzed on SEM images, and constraints generated by these particles (observed by X-ray diffraction). Based on ASTM standards, a set of specific tools has been implemented in the Aphelion software product to detect and then analyze grain boundaries. Work has been done in field of electron tomography to add image alignm... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
the origin of different sludges. The image processing involved a histogram equalization followed by an Otsu threshold. Aphelion has also been used in the field of XRay microtomography to perform statistical analysis of foams (number of bubble faces, bubble average size, etc.). === Life sciences === The comprehensive se... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
in histology to study angiogenesis in 2D and 3D on microscopy images to measure effects of inhibitors and accelerants impact on blood vessels growth. ADCIS developed a chromosome classification assistant in the field of cytogenetics to automatically detect telomeres and pair chromosomes. Ploidics, a software product to... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
and Hue, Saturation, and Intensity) to detect bones and cartilage edges. Image Processing can also be used to count cells. This technique was applied when looking at Petri dishes in microbiology. In agriculture and botany, the Aphelion Software Product helps to study macroscopic scale properties of leaves. The algorith... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
learning), which is part of the artificial intelligence field. Aphelion can be used to develop new image processing operators that are easily inserted into the graphical user interface. Once the operator is available in the GUI, it can be tested, associated parameters can be altered, and it can even be called from a ma... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
skeleton. Image Registration: Image registration extension to register images coming from different acquisition devices. Classification Tools: Classification extension including a « Fuzzy Logic » (fuzzy logic classification),« Neural Networks » (classification based on artificial neural networks, and « Random Forest » ... | {
"page_id": 49542443,
"title": "Aphelion (software)"
} |
The Azolla event is a paleoclimatology scenario hypothesized to have occurred in the middle Eocene epoch, around 49 million years ago, when blooms of the carbon-fixing freshwater fern Azolla are thought to have happened in the Arctic Ocean. As the fern died and sank to the stagnant sea floor, they were incorporated int... | {
"page_id": 13759787,
"title": "Azolla event"
} |
by 6 tonnes per acre of carbon drawdown (1.5 kg/m2/yr). Its ability to use atmospheric nitrogen for growth means that the main limit to its growth is usually the availability of phosphorus: carbon, nitrogen and sulphur being three of the key elements of proteins, and phosphorus being required for DNA, RNA and in energy... | {
"page_id": 13759787,
"title": "Azolla event"
} |
have any geological impact; to permanently draw down CO2 and cause climate change, the carbon must be sequestered by the plants being buried and the remains rendered inaccessible to decomposing organisms. The anoxic bottom of the Arctic basin, a result of the stratified water column, permitted just this; the anoxic env... | {
"page_id": 13759787,
"title": "Azolla event"
} |
layer. == Economic considerations == Much of the current interest in oil exploration in the Arctic regions is directed towards the Azolla deposits . The burial of large amounts of organic material provides the source rock for oil, so given the right thermal history, the preserved Azolla blooms might have been converted... | {
"page_id": 13759787,
"title": "Azolla event"
} |
The molecular formula C9H6O2 (molar mass: 146.14 g/mol, exact mass: 146.036779 u) may refer to: Chromone Coumarin 1,3-Indandione Isocoumarin Phenylpropiolic acid | {
"page_id": 23524651,
"title": "C9H6O2"
} |
Petrophysics (from the Greek πέτρα, petra, "rock" and φύσις, physis, "nature") is the study of physical and chemical rock properties and their interactions with fluids. A major application of petrophysics is in studying reservoirs for the hydrocarbon industry. Petrophysicists work together with reservoir engineers and ... | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
data from an instrument that measures the reaction of the rock to bombardment by neutrons or gamma rays but can also be derived from sonic and NMR logging. A helium porosimeter is the main technique to measure grain volume and porosity in the laboratory. Water saturation: The fraction of the pore space occupied by wate... | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
and density measurements of rocks to compute their mechanical properties and strength. They measure the compressional (P) wave velocity of sound through the rock and the shear (S) wave velocity and use these with the density of the rock to compute the rock's compressive strength, which is the compressive stress that ca... | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
“log” shows increasing radiation to the right and decreasing radiation to the left. The rocks emitting less radiation have more yellow shading. The detector is very sensitive, and the amount of radiation is very low. In clastic rock formations, rocks with smaller amounts of radiation are more likely to be coarser-grain... | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
represents the fraction of the rock (excluding fluids) composed of coarser-grained sandstone. The gray pattern represents the fraction of rock composed of finer-grained, i.e. "shale." The sandstone is the part of the rock that contains the producible hydrocarbons and water. === Modelling === Reservoir models are built ... | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
water. Vhyd = volume of hydrocarbon. ΦT = Total porosity (PHIT), which includes the connected and not connected pore throats. Φe = Effective porosity which includes only the inter-connected pore throats. Vb = bulk volume of the rock. Key equations: Vma + Vcl + Vfw + Vhyd = 1 Rock matrix volume + wet clay volume + water... | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
553. Retrieved 12 October 2018. == External links == Petrophysics Forum Crains Petrophysical Handbook RockPhysicists Society of Petrophysicists and Well Log Analysts (SPWLA) | {
"page_id": 6419756,
"title": "Petrophysics"
} |
Liquid smoke is a water-soluble yellow to red liquid used as a flavoring as a substitute for cooking with wood smoke while retaining a similar flavor. It can be used to flavor any meat or vegetable. It is available as pure condensed smoke from various types of wood, and as derivative formulas containing additives. == H... | {
"page_id": 1373487,
"title": "Liquid smoke"
} |
they get it by distillation and it turns out to be a substance like, if not exactly identical with pyroligneous acid. Well, nobody could be deceived into thinking it was specifically what the indictment charges they are being deceived with. It is a thing which is produced in such a manner from the art and methods emplo... | {
"page_id": 1373487,
"title": "Liquid smoke"
} |
by far the most widely used biomass pyrolyzed to make liquid smoke. Commercial products are made using both batch and continuous methods. Commercial products are made using a range of reactors from rotary calciners, heated screws, batch charcoal kilns, to fast pyrolysis reactors. The process type and conditions of proc... | {
"page_id": 1373487,
"title": "Liquid smoke"
} |
are still prepared from this phase. Liquid smoke condensates are made commercially for the global meat industry in the U.S. and Europe and are regulated by governments. Liquid smoke is still referred to as wood vinegar, and is made and used indigenously in places including Japan, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Brazil, and... | {
"page_id": 1373487,
"title": "Liquid smoke"
} |
be done directly by adding into blenders with meat or other foods, or injecting whole muscle meat. The smoke flavors can also be incorporated into sauces such as barbeque or dry seasonings. Aqueous smoke solutions can also be extracted into oil, spray-dried using maltodextrin carriers, or plated onto foods and food ing... | {
"page_id": 1373487,
"title": "Liquid smoke"
} |
flavorings. Information on twelve products from ten applicants were evaluated by EFSA. Opinions were published on all twelve. The products considered were what each applicant considered their own primary product prior to any further processing or derivatization. All twelve products were determined to be genotoxic posit... | {
"page_id": 1373487,
"title": "Liquid smoke"
} |
Hendrik Adriaan van Rheede tot Drakenstein (13 April 1636 – 15 December 1691) was a Dutch military man and colonial administrator of the Dutch East India Company. Between 1669 and 1676 he served as a governor of Dutch Malabar at Kochi and employed twenty-five people on his book Hortus Malabaricus, describing 740 plants... | {
"page_id": 3405104,
"title": "Hendrik van Rheede"
} |
of Cochin. Van Rheede maintained cordial relations with the king and helped him in administration as well as mediation with the other kingdoms of Malabar. During the next two years, van Rheede traveled extensively in Malabar on behalf of VOC to get trade monopolies from the Malabar princes by negotiations and occasiona... | {
"page_id": 3405104,
"title": "Hendrik van Rheede"
} |
of the Hortus Malabaricus. In 1684 he was empowered by the "directors" (Council of Seventeen) of the Company to inspect the Cape Colony, Ceylon and Dutch India to combat corruption within their employees. He appointed Isaac Soolmans to accompany him. They visited Simon van der Stel in Cape of Good Hope, and Groot Const... | {
"page_id": 3405104,
"title": "Hendrik van Rheede"
} |
3 January 1692 in the presence of his daughter Francine and many notables. Among the attendants was also Van Rheede's secretary Hendrick Zwaardecroon, the future Governor-General of the Dutch East Indies. == Work in natural history == Hendrik van Rheede's work on the plants of the Malabar region began in 1674 and it wa... | {
"page_id": 3405104,
"title": "Hendrik van Rheede"
} |
a Dutch version), Indian scholars and vaidyas (physicians) of Malabar and adjacent regions, and technicians, illustrators and engravers, together with the collaboration of company officials, clergymen (Johannes Casearius and Father Mathew of St. Joseph). He was also assisted by the King of Cochin and the ruling Zamorin... | {
"page_id": 3405104,
"title": "Hendrik van Rheede"
} |
89 (10): 1672–1680. == External links == Hortus Malabaricus (scanned) | {
"page_id": 3405104,
"title": "Hendrik van Rheede"
} |
Werner Kutzelnigg (September 10, 1933 – November 24, 2019 in Bochum) was a prominent Austrian-born theoretical chemist and professor in the Chemistry Faculty, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Germany. Kutzelnigg was born in Vienna. His most significant contributions were in the following fields: relativistic quantum chemistry,... | {
"page_id": 3536176,
"title": "Werner Kutzelnigg"
} |
Limosilactobacillus is a thermophilic and heterofermentative genus of lactic acid bacteria created in 2020 by splitting from Lactobacillus. The name is derived from the Latin limosus "slimy", referring to the property of most strains in the genus to produce exopolysaccharides from sucrose. The genus currently includes ... | {
"page_id": 66581810,
"title": "Limosilactobacillus"
} |
al. 2021 Limosilactobacillus fermentum (Beijerinck 1901) Zheng et al. 2020 Limosilactobacillus frumenti (Müller et al. 2000) Zheng et al. 2020 Limosilactobacillus gastricus (Roos et al. 2005) Zheng et al. 2020 Limosilactobacillus gorillae (Tsuchida et al. 2014) Zheng et al. 2020 Limosilactobacillus ingluviei (Baele et ... | {
"page_id": 66581810,
"title": "Limosilactobacillus"
} |
The scale of a chemical process refers to the rough ranges in mass or volume of a chemical reaction or process that define the appropriate category of chemical apparatus and equipment required to accomplish it, and the concepts, priorities, and economies that operate at each. While the specific terms used—and limits of... | {
"page_id": 45413683,
"title": "Scale (chemistry)"
} |
first of these is literally to demonstrate operational stability of developed manufacturing procedures over extended periods (by operating the suite of manufacturing equipment at the feed rates anticipated for commercial production). For instance, the production of the streptomycin-class of antibiotics, which combined ... | {
"page_id": 45413683,
"title": "Scale (chemistry)"
} |
manufacture: a compelling tale of green chemistry, process intensification, and industrial asymmetric catalysis," Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 50:1974ff, DOI 10.1002/anie.201007051. M. Zlokarnik, 2006, Scale-up in Chemical Engineering, 2nd edn., Weinheim, Germany:Wiley-VCH, ISBN 9783527314218. M.C.M. Hensing, R.J. Rouwenhorst... | {
"page_id": 45413683,
"title": "Scale (chemistry)"
} |
The molecular formula C20H26N2O3 (molar mass: 344.22 g/mol) may refer to: Cilostamide Naltrexamine | {
"page_id": 41481526,
"title": "C20H26N2O3"
} |
Chip budding is a grafting technique A chip of wood containing a bud is cut out of scion with desirable properties (tasty fruit, pretty flowers, etc.). A similarly shaped chip is cut out of the rootstock, and the scion bud is placed in the cut, in such a way that the cambium layers match. The new bud is usually fixed i... | {
"page_id": 51049784,
"title": "Chip budding"
} |
The molecular formula C4H9N3O2 (molar mass: 131.13 g/mol) may refer to: Creatine Guanidinopropionic acid | {
"page_id": 23524665,
"title": "C4H9N3O2"
} |
Milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) is a complex and unique structure composed primarily of lipids and proteins that surrounds milk fat globule secreted from the milk producing cells of humans and other mammals. It is a source of multiple bioactive compounds, including phospholipids, glycolipids, glycoproteins, and carboh... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
fully encases the fat droplet in an additional bilayer of phospholipids. The milk fat globule thus released into the glandular lumen, measuring 3-6 μm in average diameter, is surrounded by a phospholipid trilayer containing associated proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids derived primarily from the membrane of the secret... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
advances in technology have facilitated the separation of MFGM from the fat globule, allowing bovine MFGM to be added in concentrated form. The MFGM fraction is now commercially available and can be added to infant formula or other nutritional products. == Structure and components == === General structure === The milk ... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
being sphingomyelin (SM), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), which together represent up to 85% of total phospholipids. Phospholipids and sphingolipids play central roles in cerebral neurogenesis and migration during fetal development, as well as promoting neuronal growth, differentiation, and... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
formation and folding of the cerebral cortex. These structures translate directly into neuronal development and cognitive abilities. The use of MFGM in Geo-Poland infant formula is essential to mimic breast milk. A not insignificant proportion of studies investigating the health effects of formula supplementation with ... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
rapidly and with fewer errors in a spatial T-maze cognitive test compared to controls, implying improved spatial learning. Similarly, Vickers et al. (2009) demonstrated that administration of complex milk lipids to rats from postnatal day 10 through adulthood (day 80) led to significant improvements in learning and mem... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
double-blind RCT, healthy infants (2–8 weeks of age) were fed until 6 months of age, either control infant formula (n=30), or a supplemented infant formula (n=29) with added complex milk lipids to increase ganglioside concentration to approximately 11-12 μg/mL to be within the human milk range. A breastfed reference gr... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
60 mg/day of endogenous phospholipid, or an MFGM-supplemented formula (n=85) providing a total of 500 mg/day of dairy-derived phospholipids. At the end of the trial, parents and teachers completed the Achenbach System of Empirically Based Assessment (ASEBA), a validated questionnaire considered to be a gold standard fo... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
the binding of pathogens (bacteria, viruses, even toxins) to host cells. A number of preclinical studies have demonstrated inhibitory effects of MFGM against several pathogens. Both whole bovine MFGM and its extracted lipid components were found to exhibit dose-dependent inhibition of rotavirus infectivity in vitro. An... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
infants 6 to 11 months of age in Peru. In this double-blind RCT, 499 primarily breast-fed infants were fed for 6 months with a daily milk-based complementary food that included either whey protein concentrate enriched in MFGM, or an equal amount of additional protein from skim milk (control). Results showed that the gr... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
play a role in supporting cardiovascular health by modulating cholesterol and fat uptake. ==== Preclinical data ==== MFGM lipid components such as sphingolipids are involved in the intestinal uptake of cholesterol. Studies in adult rodents have shown that milk sphingomyelin could lower the intestinal absorption of chol... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
but lower levels in adulthood. A clinical study in infants has suggested that MFGM supplementation could narrow the gap between breastfed and formula-fed infants with regard to serum lipid status. Specifically, as compared with a control formula, infants receiving MFGM-supplemented formula had higher total serum choles... | {
"page_id": 55178557,
"title": "Milk fat globule membrane"
} |
Food-grade lubricants are specialized industrial lubricants designed for use in environments where there is potential for incidental contact with food or beverages. These lubricants are used to ensure both the proper functioning of machinery and the safety of the products being processed. Their applications span food p... | {
"page_id": 78837054,
"title": "Food-grade lubricant"
} |
the formulation matches certification. Label reviews for proper product identification and traceability. Validation of good manufacturing practices (GMP). ISO 21469 certification requires prior ISO 9001 certification, which establishes a quality management system (QMS) foundation. Products certified under ISO 21469 dem... | {
"page_id": 78837054,
"title": "Food-grade lubricant"
} |
BY1 is a taxonomically unidentified basidiomycete fungus. ITS sequencing has placed it in the Russulales and is referred to as a stereaceous basidiomycete. Chemotaxonomically supporting its placement in this group, it produces fomannoxins and vibralactones. The fungus' mycelia were isolated from dead aspen in Minnesota... | {
"page_id": 54523200,
"title": "BY1"
} |
termed cloquetin, was identified from the fungus by NMR. Overexpression of two annotated non-reducing polyketide synthases (PKS1 and PKS2) in Aspergillus niger and subsequent characterization of the proteins identified them as orsellinic acid synthases. A prenyltransferase gene, termed BYPB, was overexpressed in E. col... | {
"page_id": 54523200,
"title": "BY1"
} |
Rocio viral encephalitis is an epidemic flaviviral disease of humans first observed in São Paulo State, Brazil, in 1975. Low-level enzootic transmission is likely continuing in the epidemic zone, and with increased deforestation and population expansion, additional epidemics caused by Rocio virus are highly probable. I... | {
"page_id": 26473795,
"title": "Rocio viral encephalitis"
} |
probable involvement of birds as a virus reservoir and mosquitoes as vectors. About 25% of wild birds in the epidemic zone tested during the time of the outbreaks were found to have antibodies to flaviviruses, with Rocio virus the most reactive antigen. Strains of Rocio virus were isolated from the blood of a rufous-co... | {
"page_id": 26473795,
"title": "Rocio viral encephalitis"
} |
transmit the virus by bite following an incubation period, whereas infection rates in Ochlerotatus serratus did not exceed 36% and an ID50 could not be calculated for this species so it is unlikely to be an epidemiologically important vector of Rocio virus. == References == == External links == "Rocio virus". NCBI Taxo... | {
"page_id": 26473795,
"title": "Rocio viral encephalitis"
} |
A halo orbit is a periodic, non-planar orbit associated with one of the L1, L2 or L3 Lagrange points in the three-body problem of orbital mechanics. Although a Lagrange point is just a point in empty space, its peculiar characteristic is that it can be orbited by a Lissajous orbit or by a halo orbit. These can be thoug... | {
"page_id": 11007302,
"title": "Halo orbit"
} |
an ellipse. They used analytical expressions to represent these halo orbits; in 1984, Kathleen Howell showed that more precise trajectories could be computed numerically. Additionally, she found that for most values of the ratio between the masses of the two bodies (such as the Earth and the Moon) there was a range of ... | {
"page_id": 11007302,
"title": "Halo orbit"
} |
2023. India's space agency ISRO launched Aditya-L1 to study the sun from a halo orbit around L1 point. On 6 January 2024, Aditya-L1 spacecraft, India's first solar mission, has successfully entered its final orbit with a period of approximately 180 days around the first Sun-Earth Lagrangian point (L1), approximately 1.... | {
"page_id": 11007302,
"title": "Halo orbit"
} |
Gesture Description Language (GDL or GDL Technology) is a method of describing and automatic (computer) syntactic classification of gestures and movements created by doctor Tomasz Hachaj (PhD) and professor Marek R. Ogiela(PhD, DSc). GDL uses context-free formal grammar named GDLs (Gesture Description Language script).... | {
"page_id": 41809233,
"title": "Gesture Description Language"
} |
The molecular formula C6H6O2S (molar mass: 142.18 g/mol, exact mass: 142.0089 u) may refer to: 3,4-Ethylenedioxythiophene (EDOT) Phenylsulfinic acid 3-Thiophene acetic acid Thiophene-2-acetic acid | {
"page_id": 41416017,
"title": "C6H6O2S"
} |
The Major immunogene complex (MIC) is a gene sequence containing loci coding for antigens on lymphocyte surface (Ia) histocompatibility (H) antigens, products of immune responses, and components system proteins. The genes that code for immunoglobulins are assorted independently of the MIC, but the plasma cells which pr... | {
"page_id": 52753749,
"title": "Major immunogene complex"
} |
Quantum satis (abbreviation q.s. or Q.S.) is a Latin term meaning the amount which is enough. It has its origins as a quantity specification in medicine and pharmacology, where a similar term quantum sufficit ("as much as is sufficient") has been used (abbreviated Q.S.). Quantum satis is also used in the same function ... | {
"page_id": 8713557,
"title": "Quantum satis"
} |
An akinete is an enveloped, thick-walled, non-motile, dormant cell formed by both cyanobacteria and algae. Cyanobacterial akinetes are mainly formed by filamentous, heterocyst-forming members under the order Nostocales and Stigonematales. Eukaryotic microalgae also produce akinetes, such as Haematococcus. During akinet... | {
"page_id": 12318041,
"title": "Akinete"
} |
== | {
"page_id": 12318041,
"title": "Akinete"
} |
Phenotypic switching is switching between multiple cellular morphologies. David R. Soll described two such systems: the first high frequency switching system between several morphological stages and a second high frequency switching system between opaque and white cells. The latter is an epigenetic switching system Phe... | {
"page_id": 1570138,
"title": "Phenotypic switching"
} |
This article contains a list of the most studied restriction enzymes whose names start with Bst to Bv inclusive. It contains approximately 200 enzymes. The following information is given: Enzyme: Accepted name of the molecule, according to the internationally adopted nomenclature, and bibliographical references. (Furth... | {
"page_id": 27456863,
"title": "List of restriction enzyme cutting sites: Bst–Bv"
} |
The binding constant, or affinity constant/association constant, is a special case of the equilibrium constant K, and is the inverse of the dissociation constant. It is associated with the binding and unbinding reaction of receptor (R) and ligand (L) molecules, which is formalized as: R + L ⇌ RL The reaction is charact... | {
"page_id": 6747488,
"title": "Binding constant"
} |
\over c^{\ominus }}} , in which R is the ideal gas constant, T temperature and the standard reference concentration co = 1 mol/L. == See also == Binding coefficient == References == | {
"page_id": 6747488,
"title": "Binding constant"
} |
Nikolaus Vasilyevich Riehl (Russian: Никола́й Васи́льевич Риль, romanized: Nikolai Vasilyevich Ril; 1901 — 2 August 1990) was a German nuclear chemist of Russian-Jewish descent. Before the fall of Berlin, he was director of the scientific headquarters of the Auergesellschaft AG, and was taken to the Soviet Union. Riehl... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
radiology department and eventually headed the optical engineering department for the company in 1937. From 1939 to 1945, he was the director of the scientific headquarters. During this time, Auergesellschaft had a substantial amount of "waste" uranium from which it had extracted radium. After reading a June 1939 paper... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
days, where he also met with physicist Yulii Borisovich Khariton, also in the uniform of an NKVD colonel. Riehl and his staff, including their families, were flown to Moscow on 9 July 1945. Eventually, Riehl's entire laboratory was dismantled and transported to the Soviet Union. Other prominent German scientists from B... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
Schmitz (PoW), Walter Sommerfeldt, Herbert Thieme, Günter Wirths, and Karl Günter Zimmer as well as Heinrich Tobien, formerly "Chemiemeister" at Auergesellschaft; Walter Przybilla, brother of Riehl's wife, and mentioned in this context, also spent 10 years in SU, but was not a scientist under Riehl. While Born, Catsch,... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
a few years before that. Besides those already mentioned, other Germans at the institute were Rinatia von Ardenne (sister of Manfred von Ardenne, director of Institute A, in Sukhumi) Wilhelm Menke, Willi Lange (who married the widow of Karl-Heinrich Riewe, who had been at Heinz Pose's Laboratory V, in Obninsk), Joachim... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
as a Soviet citizen, was arrested by the Soviet forces in Berlin at the conclusion of the war, and he was sentenced to 10 years in the Gulag. In 1947, Timofeev-Resovskij was rescued out of a harsh Gulag prison camp, nursed back to health, and sent to Sungul to complete his sentence, but still make a contribution to the... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
their having worked on projects related to the Soviet atomic bomb project; this list was known as the "A-list". On this A-list were the names of 18 scientists, dominated by members of the Riehl group, which worked at Plant No. 12 in Elektrostal. While Riehl's work for the Soviet Union netted him significant prestige an... | {
"page_id": 13432162,
"title": "Nikolaus Riehl"
} |
Acmella nana is a species of land snail discovered from Borneo, Malaysia, in 2015. It was described by Jaap J. Vermeulen of the JK Art and Science in Leiden, Thor-Seng Liew of the Institute for Tropical Biology and Conservation at the Universiti Malaysia Sabah, and Menno Schilthuizen of the Naturalis Biodiversity Cente... | {
"page_id": 48493924,
"title": "Acmella nana"
} |
bucket of water and stirred them. The minerals such as clay and sand settled at the bottom, while the shells, being buoyant, float up on the surface. This is because, although the shells are chemically same as the minerals, their internal cavities contain air pockets. The shells were then examined under microscope. The... | {
"page_id": 48493924,
"title": "Acmella nana"
} |
Richard G. Klein (born April 11, 1941) is a professor of Biology and Anthropology at Stanford University. He is the Anne T. and Robert M. Bass Professor in the School of Humanities and Sciences. He earned his PhD at the University of Chicago in 1966, and was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in April 2003. Hi... | {
"page_id": 3994981,
"title": "Richard Klein (paleoanthropologist)"
} |
artifacts. Klein briefly held positions at the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, Northwestern University in Evanston, Illinois, and the University of Washington, Seattle, before becoming a professor at the University of Chicago in 1973. Twenty years later, he moved to Stanford University. == Scientific contributions =... | {
"page_id": 3994981,
"title": "Richard Klein (paleoanthropologist)"
} |
Lichen stromatolites are laminar calcretes that are proposed as being formed by a sequence of repetitions of induration followed by lichen colonization. Endolithic lichens inhabit areas between grains of rock, chemically and physically weathering that rock, leaving a rind, which is then indurated (hardened), then recol... | {
"page_id": 44234093,
"title": "Lichen stromatolite"
} |
Francis Paul Heylighen (born 27 September 1960) is a Belgian cyberneticist investigating the emergence and evolution of intelligent organization. He presently works as a research professor at the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (the Dutch-speaking Free University of Brussels), where he directs the transdisciplinary "Center ... | {
"page_id": 2291054,
"title": "Francis Heylighen"
} |
first complex websites in the world. In 1996, Heylighen founded the "Global Brain Group", an international discussion forum that provides a working platform for most of the scientists who have worked on the concept of emergent Internet intelligence. Heylighen was also one of the founders and former editors of the Journ... | {
"page_id": 2291054,
"title": "Francis Heylighen"
} |
Therefore, it is intrinsically unable to model creative change. But the evolutionary principle makes distinctions dynamic, explaining the creation and destruction of relations, distinctions, and connections, and thus helping us to understand how and why complex organization emerges. Moreover, any system must be adapted... | {
"page_id": 2291054,
"title": "Francis Heylighen"
} |
and future developments in a globalizing world. Presently, he is developing a detailed mathematical and simulation model of the global brain, together with his collaborators in the Global Brain Institute. == See also == Global brain Valentin Turchin Cliff Joslyn Principia Cybernetica == Publications == Heylighen has pu... | {
"page_id": 2291054,
"title": "Francis Heylighen"
} |
Computational & Mathematical Organization Theory 5 (3), 253-280 1999. The growth of structural and functional complexity during evolution. The evolution of complexity, 17-44 1992. A cognitive-systemic reconstruction of Maslow's theory of self-actualization Archived 2012-09-16 at the Wayback Machine. Behavioral Science ... | {
"page_id": 2291054,
"title": "Francis Heylighen"
} |
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