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defensive nature, and were not for offensive purposes. QWitness, you spoke previously of the fact that the order you received was designated as secret, but in the documents it can be seen that thought was being given even to having this matter reported in the press. Now, how could these two facts be reconciled? AI beli... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,350,000 | 1,350,500 |
the problem of the potato bug. There was enough machinery for the extracting of chemicals from the earth. However, I had a new disseminating machine developed which was to combat insect pests from airplanes on a large scale. The work to develop a method for combating a possible artificially effected spread of weeds had... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,350,450 | 1,350,950 |
in view of Germany's geographical situation the consequences of such warfare would be devastating for Germany. If the enemy were well prepared and proceeded rapidly against the animals and plants -Germany's whole food production would be in danger and this would be contrary to promises made at the beginning of the war ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,350,900 | 1,351,400 |
I rejected this order. The fact that I did not want to enter the SS and thus be immediately subordinate to Himmler, also played a roll in this, development which otherwise I should hardly have been able to prevent. In order to deflect Himmler from these notion. I pointed out the danger of infection that would arise if ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,351,350 | 1,351,850 |
found a means of combatting cancer in the root of a certain Alpine plant. Q.Dr. Blome, some time later then there were further discussions between you and Himmler? What was the subject of these discussions? A.The next discussion was roughly a month later. The reason Himmler asked me to visit him this time was that Dr. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,351,800 | 1,352,300 |
have now not only the indictment, but the evidence in chief for the prosecution. That contained nothing that I remember concerning any charge concerning cancer research. DR. SAUTER:Mr President, a number of documents were submitted which concern themselves with cancer research, and if the prosecution does not take the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,352,250 | 1,352,750 |
case where the defense counsel went up to the American prosecution and told them what they could submit and what they couldn't. I believe I am speaking now for all my colleagues when I say that it should be left to the sense of duty of the defense counsel to decide to what extent he wishes to interrogate his client and... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,352,700 | 1,353,200 |
sources, that this Dr. Gross whom Himmler assigned to you as an assistant is not identical with the Dr. Gross who was at the meeting of consulting physicians at Hohenlychen and is included in the list. You can answer that question, yes or no. AFirst, I should like to come back to two points in your question. I understo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,353,150 | 1,353,650 |
asked me what had been done against this and I referred to our excellent vaccines, and also the lack of organization on the part of the Reichs Ministry of the Interior, with reference to the protective vaccination which has to be undertaken. The foot and mouth disease was beginning to penetrate into Germany from the We... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,353,600 | 1,354,100 |
field of biological warfare were to be undertaken, I believe it was against Russia. What does that mean? AThat is true. Himmler made that request. QWhen was that? AIn 1944. QAnd why? AI believe it was the second discussion in the Spring of 1944 when he made this request, but this was not specifically against Russia. He... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,354,050 | 1,354,550 |
be inhumane or illegal. Can you please explain briefly what kind of experiments these were? AThe statements of Professor Schreiber about the experiments conducted in my institute at Posen are not true. I have already said that in January 1945, when the Russians came to Posen, the institute was not even finished; that a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,354,500 | 1,355,000 |
had had to flee from my Institute at Posen, and that I was not able to blow it up, that is not true. I must assume, to give Shreiber the benefit of the doubt, that his memory failed him; and this is indicated by the fact that he confused January with March. I told Shreiber the following about the evacuation of the Inst... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,354,950 | 1,355,450 |
Europe, were being bred by him or the Institute. A plague vaccine was to be produced. I cannot understand how Shreiber can say in the same statement, and I quote: "Professor Schuhmann and his Ministerialrat Stantin, and a number of other doctors, scientists, whom he did not know worked at my Institute in Posen. " This ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,355,400 | 1,355,900 |
"no" whether that was your opinion in regard to this type of bacteriological warfare? A.Yes. Q.Then on the subject of biological warfare I have a last question: Witness, in the judgment of the International Military Tribunal it was said among other things, and I quote: "In addition, Soviet prisoners were made the subje... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,355,850 | 1,356,350 |
to be given; the first two are not of any interest at the moment. The third point is and I quote: "Poison experiments in connection with report given to Reichsfuehrer SS on 21 June, Professor Blome is again urged to test poison now." This subject was also made a charge of the indictment and I therefore ask you what was... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,356,300 | 1,356,800 |
the use of biological warfare agents; that was the reason why I wanted to obtain certainty and that is why I went to Himmler. There were many rumors at that the enemy or even that Germany was going to begin as warfare. In order to get certainty on this question, I asked and managed to talk to Himmler about it. I questi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,356,750 | 1,357,250 |
THE PRESIDENT:Counsel, will you again give me the number of that exhibit; was that exhibit 12? DR. SAUTER:This last affidavit has the exhibit No. 12, Blome Exhibit No. 12. BY DR. SAUTER: QProfessor Blome, you have heard the affidavit of Professor Kliewe; are its contents true? AYes. QYou are supposed to have said that ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,357,200 | 1,357,700 |
toxicity of the substance, doryl, in the Spandau gas defense laboratory. These experiments in 1940-1941 were started, because in 1940 after the Western campaign, doryl had been found on the French side as a chemical warfare agent in the experimental stage. The French apparently had had the intention to use doryl as a c... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,357,650 | 1,358,150 |
in cases of operations and injuries would make the blood coagulate more quickly so that there would not be death from bleeding unless important blood vessels were hit. Q. Dr. Blome, to test this drug were human experiments necessary? A.No, for in every hospital there were enough cases in which this drug could be tested... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,358,100 | 1,358,600 |
in Dachau, visited me in 1944, and told me this polygal received a splendid recommendation from a surgeon and I believe he mention professor Breitler, Innsbruck. As a matter of fact polygal did prove to be a valuable drug to combat bleeding. QThis polygal which has been discussed here in connection with these experimen... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,358,550 | 1,359,050 |
it about that Feix was set free but I did not succeed in having him declared legally a half Jew. The Chief of the Reichssippenamt opposed this because he feared some difficulty with Bormann. Bormann was said to be interested in the case personally because allegedly a relative of one of Bormann's servants had stolen a g... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,359,000 | 1,359,500 |
witness and placed in the voluntary witness house run by the Prosecution. After he arrived in Nurnberg he was immediately contacted by defense counsel, and the prosecution is not aware that defense counsel requested Robert Feix as a witness. At least I am. We interrogated Robert Feix and determined we could not use him... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,359,450 | 1,359,950 |
Military Scientific Research. This Institute was Dr. Rascher. In this report the importance of the drug polygal for the fighting troops and in operations is explained. You recall five operations are described in which polygal was used. Do you recall these five operations which are described? AYes. They were published i... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,359,900 | 1,360,400 |
to you concerning his experiments. This was under number 8. Number 9 now has the heading "Experiments on Human Beings". Up to number there was not this heading "Experiments on Human Beings", and now under number 9 we suddenly find "Experiments on Human Beings". Some time ago we called fact to your attention. What do yo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,360,350 | 1,360,850 |
explain this matter to us. What effect does polygal have? AThe only effect that polygal can have is to coagulate blood.Any other effect has never been observed, nor do I believe that any other effect could occur. I have already said that polygal is made of an absolutely undangerous base. QWitness, the defendant Sievers... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,360,800 | 1,361,300 |
me and Rascher in the sense of this question. QYou say, Doctor, "direct collaboration." What do you mean by that? AThat means that, for example, I did not have anything to do with his laboratory experiments in coagulation. This was purely a Rascher affair. I saw, to be sure, how the people were working there, namely, t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,361,250 | 1,361,750 |
them all before him I should like to ask something about them. DR. SAUTER: I have the document handed to the witness. BY JUDGE SEBRING: Q 22 February 1944. Did you have an interview with Sievers or a discussion with Sievers on 22 February 1944, concerning experiments of some kind? AIf this is here set down in Sievers' ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,361,700 | 1,362,200 |
understand it, however, if it were read to me. BY JUDGE SEBRING: Q "25 February -900-1500 - Professor Blome, by telephone, advised of RFSS order concerning his work at Dachau and collaboration with Rascher Can you tell the Tribunal what that refers to? AI cannot. This cannot be the special order since that order I ment... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,362,150 | 1,362,650 |
matter of the United States of America against Karl Brandt, et al, defendants, sitting at Nuernberg, Germany, on 19 March 1947, 0930, Justice Beals presiding. THE MARSHAL:Persons in the courtroom will please find their seats. The Honorable, the Judges of Military Tribunal I. Military Tribunal I is now in session. God s... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,362,600 | 1,363,100 |
that at most Rascher could be used as Dr. Gross' collaborator. Since he was not a bacteriologist, he would first need basic bacteriological training. However, the institute was not yet finished and I should have to ask Dr. Gross whether he agreed to have an assistant. I certainly myself had no opinion about employing R... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,363,050 | 1,363,550 |
undertakings have never been of military importance. Consequently, my efforts were to have laws passed after the war, for military law differs in essential particulars from peacetime law, in my opinion. Q.Dr. Blome, to be sure, you yourself did not carry on any experiments and were not actively participating in the car... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,363,500 | 1,364,000 |
it says that General Field Marshal Keitel approved the construction in Nesselstedt, Posen, and that the Reichsfuehrer of the SS and Professor Brandt had promised him considerable assistance. Did you speak to Professor Brandt regarding the purpose of this institute, such as it is here presented, namely to study and to t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,363,950 | 1,364,450 |
the affirmative, but I must limit my answer by saying that the Blitzableiter committee was in no position to take protective measures. Protective measures, that might have to be taken were, so far as the troops were concerned, matters that the Army Medical Inspectorate or the Army Veterinary Inspection had to take care... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,364,400 | 1,364,900 |
So far as I can judge the matter now on the evidence of documents, I think it must have been an error on my part and that the person should not have been Brack but Bouhler. QI should like to ask now a few questions in my capacity as Handloser's counsel. To what sector did the Reich Research Council belong? AI shall try... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,364,850 | 1,365,350 |
that Schreiber, on the basis of this plenipotentiary power that he had, was informed of the activity or whether he was neither subordinate to Professor Handloser nor reported to Handloser about his activities, and, in fact, perhaps was not even permitted to report to him. Is that the way that this should be stated as S... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,365,300 | 1,365,800 |
Blome, telephonically, regarding blood coagulants. Dickerow's opinion is confirmed that not pectin alone but acid is effective." The entry of the 11 August, 1944, please turn to that. It reads: "12 o'clock to 1345, the 'House of Doctors', a conference with Dr. Blome, Dr. May and Dr. Borschers. Discussions of the common... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,365,750 | 1,366,250 |
he then transferred into the diary. Q.In the autumn of 1943, you, Himmler and Rascher not in the Field Commando office of Himmler. You testified yesterday that Rascher at that time submitted a blood coagulant, namely, polygol. Do you know what part Sievers played in the development of polygol and what his orders were f... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,366,200 | 1,366,700 |
criminals condemned to death could be used and that they would be pardoned, and then as I remember in this connection, I mentioned my talk with Geheimrat Borst, regarding experiments in cancer research, I intended to carry out later such as I described this morning here. Q.Besides that, did you on other occasions discu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,366,650 | 1,367,150 |
not in my presence. And, that is Prosecution Exhibit No.471. DR. FROESCHMANN:May I offer a comment in this connection? THE PRESIDENT:Of course, counsel for Prosecution may himself take the stand in rebuttal and testify any facts which you know. BY DR. FROESCHMANN: QWitness, at any rate today you want to say that the te... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,367,100 | 1,367,600 |
that according to law this is forbidden to the doctor, and yet there are cases in which the physician for deeply humane reasons is imposed on by a higher law," AI included this last sentences into my testimony intentionally because occasionally such acts have been committed by physicians who have a high ethical standin... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,367,550 | 1,368,050 |
of the bombed-out larger cities. Because this theme was generally being discussed in the papers, Professor Rose wrote an article on the subject in the periodical "Das Reich". QDid Professor Rose regard bacteriological warfare, from a pursuant technical point of view, as impossible? AProfessor Rose's attitude was, on th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,368,000 | 1,368,500 |
if we did so on a nationalistic In connection with this, I think this was 1921, and it was at this time I heard for the first time of the NSDAP. QThat's right. On Page 137 of your book you state that in the summer of 1922 you saw, for the first time, the program of the NSDAP and that, to you, this program seemed to be ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,368,450 | 1,368,950 |
were quashed. Q.Now, you participated in the so-called Kapp uprising which was aimed at the overthrew of the German Republic, and which did not succeed, didn't you? A.Yes, I participate in that Kapp-Putsch. I participated as a regular soldier with the Reichswehr. I was a so-called volunteer. A new Government was formed... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,368,900 | 1,369,400 |
Silesia. Now, Doctor, did your participation in these activities aid you in the medical profession? A.In that connection I must say something else before answering the question. I don't think that the words are contained in the book that you have just mentioned. May I ask you to show me the book, so I can look at the p... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,369,350 | 1,369,850 |
I had already been working at the hygienic institute experimentally at the University of Rostock and it was my ambition to write a very good paper. After one year's activity, when having to leave Rostock in order not to be persecuted politically, I at that time went to my professor and asked him to correct my work. Whe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,369,800 | 1,370,300 |
Government; weren't they? A.You can hardly say it in that form. Before, here you used the expression against the Republic; now you are saying Nationalistic Government and I want to formulate it exactly. These organizations were working for the overthrow of the Government as it existed at that time. For reasons of the g... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,370,250 | 1,370,750 |
That is spelled H-e-i-m-d-a-a-l, is that right? AYes, Heimdaal. QYou didn't have such time for medical work, did you, Doctor? AYes, I had such time for that. I was very industrious. QWell, now, did you ever participate as a speaker in nationalistic mass meetings? AYes. QYou also participated as an opposition speaker in... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,370,700 | 1,371,200 |
about later times, and there again I shall prove to you the same thing. QWell, Doctor, how do you account for the fact that your illegal units did not participate in Hitler's attempt to overthrow the German Government? ADo you mean the 9th of November 1923? QThat is what I mean. AThat is very simple to explain.At that ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,371,150 | 1,371,650 |
same reason that Herman Goering extended? AIt may be the same reason. I didn't discuss this question with Herman Goering. At any rate, it would be wrong of me to state here today that at that time I did not feel that Versailles was a shame for the German people. This point of view was represented by the majority of Ger... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,371,600 | 1,372,100 |
and B-e-o-b-a-c-h-t-e-r, and the other paper, Angriff. Now you formed a discussion circle. When did you form that circle? AI don't know anything about any discussion group which I am supposed to have formed. I know very well that these papers were in my ante-rooms when I had my very extensive practice, and that the pat... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,372,050 | 1,372,550 |
was a large SA meeting in Brunswick. Brunswick at that time had a national socialist government. Since we were not concerned with the Reich Prohibition of the SA, it was a matter, of course, that a national socialist government in their own county didn't prohibit the SA, and for that reason Hitler invited the SA for a ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,372,500 | 1,373,000 |
soldier I was full of sympathy towards an old fighter pilot, and that is a matter, of course, that is true of every country in the world. QNow on page 260 you quoted Goering as saying: National Socialism will finish with high treason. Heads will fall. And you further indicated you were very satisfied as you had the fee... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,372,950 | 1,373,450 |
that the reason why you didn't include any reference to World War II in your book was because of the fact that you were definitely opposed to it. Now, I am asking you were you interested in preparations being made by the Nazis to wage aggressive war? AI knew nothing about any aggressive preparations on the part of Hitl... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,373,400 | 1,373,900 |
thought to set up any medical companies or to again receive the opportunity to set up fighting forces because we knew something about the military intentions of Hitler, I can assure you here under ?th that if we or the German people had known at that time that these preparations were going to serve as offensive arms of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,373,850 | 1,374,350 |
TEE MARSHAL:Poisons in the court room will please find their seats. The Tribunal is again in session. THE PRESIDENT:Counsel may proceed. KURT BLOME -- Resumed CROSS EXAMINATION -- Continued BY MR. HARDY: Q.At the noon recess, Doctor, I inquired as to whether or not you had read the last section of that particular subje... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,374,300 | 1,374,800 |
World War, and I can now only honestly say the following. After the First World War I took a position against the extreme degree to which the Jewish population tried to participate in German life as a whole. I saw this extreme attitude manifested in the following. Beginning with the very first Soldiers' Councils there ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,374,750 | 1,375,250 |
familiar with. My attitude toward the penetration of Jews in Germany did not rest in any way on a feeling of personal hatred toward the individual Jew. I had too many good friends among my Jewish colleagues to allow that to occur and who later, in the period after National Socialism came in, I assisted. If I had known ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,375,200 | 1,375,700 |
races unhappiness for both races and Hadison Grant, an American, has particularly pointed out this fact in his book -- The Decline of the Great Races. Q.And you were also of the opinion that the Jews were war profiteers, weren't you? A.That the Jews were war profiteers I was not only of that opinion but I know it is a ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,375,650 | 1,376,150 |
for Jewry and helped the Jews to pass into foreign hands the last assets that the German people possessed. Whereas these groups, and I emphasize the words 'these groups; I despised because of their stupidity and lack of conscience, I, hated them also for their foreign nature which tried to assert itself within the Germ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,376,100 | 1,376,600 |
beat this Jew I would have done the same. What happened to him was this: this man's fiance had been offended indecently by this officer, and whether this had been a Jewish professor or a German professor is of no consequence, but the man who indecently insulted my fiance will take a beating from me whether a Jew or a G... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,376,550 | 1,377,050 |
Kern and Fischer, were protected and concealed by you and your friends; isn't that in the realm of an accessory after the fact of the murder of Rathenau? A.No. That is quite clearly defined in the general German Penal Code. That means in the German Penal law, it means helping after the fact, and the maximum penalty for... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,377,000 | 1,377,500 |
construed humorously, also by the Jews to some extent. That is, my assistant at the Rostock Dermatology Institute also thought this was quite a joke. In other words, this whole matter is in the field of humorous politics, and should not be taken to seriously. Q.Would you tell us what organization the Stahlhelm was, tha... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,377,450 | 1,377,950 |
210 you were sharply against Free Masonary because of its connection with the Jews; is that right? AI cannot remember that phraseology precisely, can you please show me the book? QCertainly, it is marked with a red pencil, Doctor. Read it out loud. AI read aloud, "During my political activities in the years 1922 and 19... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,377,900 | 1,378,400 |
if anyone represses in an autobiography everything that does not have to do directly with medical matters; but that this book is basically orientated toward medical matters, that can readily be seen through the careful reading of the book. The title, after all, is "The Physician in War-Time." If your assumptions were r... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,378,350 | 1,378,850 |
said about tho awarding of badges in general. Also let me say that a Golden Party Badge could in no way impress mo, in view of tho fact that I, as a young front lino soldier, had received the Knight's Cross with Crossed Swords and the Hohenzollern Badge and had tho badge for being wounded, so I did not have any need fo... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,378,800 | 1,379,300 |
you did not concern yourself with this planned treatment of Jewish physicians? ANo, it is not ridiculous at all, as you like to say. You may think it is, but had you known the situation as it existed with us, I am sure t you wouldn't consider it ridiculous at all. This is how it was: whenever any question regarding the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,379,250 | 1,379,750 |
in Mecklenburg no Jewish physician was taken out of his bed or in any way mistreated. At no time di I hear of it and certainly didn't cause any such action. QIn 1936 you left your position in the Red Cross, and at that time Wagner selected you as the Chief of the Fuehrer School of German Physician at Altrese and Meckle... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,379,700 | 1,380,200 |
Reich Chamber of Physicians. According that law, every physician in Germany apart from certain categories had to undergo a period of three weeks medical training every 5 years, and the Reich Chamber of Physicians bore the cost of that training. QWait - AThat was the duty for five years. That had nothing to do with Altr... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,380,150 | 1,380,650 |
was that a compulsory course? AYes. QI see. Well, then did the medical students in attendance at the school of Altrese have to belong to Party organizations? ANo. Medical students participated in the courses ofAltrese. The; were young physicians who had just about completed their study. These were courses for the benef... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,380,600 | 1,381,100 |
all together amounted to about five to six courses. Even if you think that there were approximately six courses, numbering. 120 men each, you would have roughly 750 men per year. Now thinking, of the year 1936, 1937 and 1936 and then only part cf 1939 - 1939 not completely, because the war started the 1st cf September,... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,381,050 | 1,381,550 |
which had international characteristics ti reached as far as America, this professor held purely scientific lectures on field of racial hygiene and heritage questions, as you could find it all even the world in all languages. He held these lectures on a very objective and factual basis. QWell, doctor, to what extent di... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,381,500 | 1,382,000 |
any subject was preached; which in any way could have formed the basis for any crimes performed in the future; as you seem to hint. Q.Dr. Leibbrandt had a different view, didn't he? A.Well, may I tell you in that connection that I don't hold the fact of your putting that question against you, but when speaking about th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,381,950 | 1,382,450 |
Conti did you ever receive decrees or orders which were given out by Conti? A.This question is put in such a general way that I can hardly do anything with it. Q.Well, I will break it up for you. Did you have occasion to see every order that Dr. Conti issued in his position as Reich Health leader? A.You mean whether I ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,382,400 | 1,382,900 |
manner so as to avoid a misunderstanding. You are saying that Conti has issued an order to carry out compulsary abortions in the case of Eastern women. Is that right? Q.That's right. You know that? A.No I don't know it and I don't think this order was issued. Q.Well, to refresh your memory I will show you the order, do... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,382,850 | 1,383,350 |
n thing. If documents have to be submitted as evidence in this surprising manner at a tine when, for days and weeks, the prosecution's case has boon concluded against the defendant, I must, at least, ask that the defendant and the defense counsel bo given a photostat c y according to which it could be seen where this d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,383,300 | 1,383,800 |
of a decree? HR. HARDY:No, I maintain that this mentions a, decree issued by the Reich Health Office. You will note, Your Honor, on the next to the last page, the sentence in the second paragraph in the middle: "In this connection it must be mentioned that the decree of the Reich Chief for Public Health (Reichsgesundhe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,383,750 | 1,384,250 |
Reichsgesundheitsfuehrer from 1934 until his death. Is that correct? A.No, that is not quite correct. Dr. Wagner was never Reich Health Leader. The position of Reich Health Leader was only created after Wagner's death. Th a was in April, 1939. Up to that time there was no such position. Q.Then, Dr. Wagner did not hold ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,384,200 | 1,384,700 |
good breaking point. THE PRESIDENT:The Tribunal will be in recess until 9:30 tomorrow morning. (A Recess was taken until 0930 hours, 20 March 1947.) Official Transcript of the American Military Tribunal I in the matter of the United States of America, against Karl Brandt, et al, defendants, sitting at Nurnberg, Germany... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,384,650 | 1,385,150 |
truth, the whole truth, and nothing but the truth, so help mo God. (The witness repeated the oath.) THE PRESIDENT:You may sit down. Counsel for the Defendant Hoven may proceed with the examination of the witness. DIRECT EXAMINATION BY DR. GAWLIK: QWitness, your name is Henry Pieck, is that right? AYes. QWhen and where ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,385,100 | 1,385,600 |
the record the fact that the witness correctly identified the Defendant Hoven in the dock. BY DR. GaWLIK: BY DR. GAWLIK: QWhat kind of prisoners were there in the concentration camp of Buchenwald? AThere were a number of prisoners. Firstly, the most important group were the political prisoners; then there were criminal... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,385,550 | 1,386,050 |
write any letters, and I was not permitted to write to my wife who did not know I had gone to Buchenwald. After having established contact with Dr. Hoven after one month in the camp, and after having told him about that situation, he took me along to his scale and weighed me there. I weighed something like 75 kilograms... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,386,000 | 1,386,500 |
my sphere of work at the hospital, where I worked with Dr. Hoven, where the center of this illegal camp organization really was, which went over the hospital entirely, I and other Dutchmen very soon established contact with leading inmates who without hardly saying a word used our services for the benefit of the organi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,386,450 | 1,386,950 |
prison because of black market activities, and were then finally classed in Buchenwald as political inmates, inmates wearing the red chevron. What I really want to correct in my first answer is that I want you to understand the behavior of Dr. Hoven and his aid toward me and to everyone else who was in his close enviro... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,386,900 | 1,387,400 |
was it generally known in the concentration camp in Buchenwald? A.Certainly not, that would have meant conspiracy. The concept of what I want to say would be contrary to the secrecy that was striven for and the concept of illegal camp administration. Q.Is it true that a number of inmates were not fully informed and wer... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,387,350 | 1,387,850 |
the Nacht and Nobel Action (Night and Fog Action)? A.I am very glad t be in a position to answer this question with yes, because nan that not been the case I would not be sitting here right now. I am personally indebted to Dr. Hoven, I personally can thank him for my life, because he prevented this transport and he kep... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,387,800 | 1,388,300 |
SS. Dr. Hoven put these people on a list, which he took to Berlin and there ho carried out that all these people were excluded from that transport. I believe that I can remember and it is very hard for me to remember, as my memory does not always catch up. I think that the first transport was delayed with the help of t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,388,250 | 1,388,750 |
As far as I remember, there were only Dutchmen coming from the hostage group who had already left Buchenwald when I got there. A very good acquaintance of mine, Baron von Freende, has to thank Dr. Hoven for his being put at liberty, and also Dr. van der Laan whom I have mentioned before. I believe that there must be a ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,388,700 | 1,389,200 |
in nearly every corner in the camp, and I know from what I have been told that a few thousand Jews who were still in Buchenwald at that time have to thank Dr. Hoven for their remaining in Buchenwald, because he prevented a transport which was to be sent somewhere and which they were supposed to join. QWitness, I am now... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,389,150 | 1,389,650 |
the beginning; until the liberation. I worked there too and can testify that this testimony made by De Witt is absolutely correct, but Vandeling, who is a very reliable person, can not be blamed although his testimony is completely ridiculous, ridiculous for any one who knows the subject. For instance, he says that the... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,389,600 | 1,390,100 |
Dr. Hoven? ABut may I say something else? MR. HARDY:Your Honors, I object to any further questions being put to this witness whereby he is asking the witness to judge the affidavits. The witness is here to testify to fact and not act as a Judge in this case. THE PRESIDENT:The witness may state whether or not he is acqu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,390,050 | 1,390,550 |
mat do, if he knows, is to say that he knows that man of his personal knowledge; that he knows his general reputation for truth and veracity in that community and that from his knowledge and general reputation he would not believe him upon oath. JUDGESEBRING. (continued) Now th t would be a matter then for this Court t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,390,500 | 1,391,000 |
find their seats. The Tribunal is again in session. THE PRESIDENT:Counsel may proceed. BY DR. GAWLIK: Q.Where did Schalker work in Buchenwald? A.Just a minute please. Schalker... We arrived together, off the same transport, at Buchenwald. At first, Schalker worked on some bad detail, as was customary. I don't know exac... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,390,950 | 1,391,450 |
great misery in the camp. QWitness, we are not interested in the last period because the defendant Hoven was not there. AWell, then, I can only say that the medical aid in the camp in the beginning was given only by laymen. Locksmiths carried out operations and amputations and appendectomies and all kinds of things. Of... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,391,400 | 1,391,900 |
the Greens and often against the SS. Everyone who knows the situation must understand that these actions were very often rigorous and must be considered within the framework of war and life in the camp. The liquidation of many Greens and several SS spies within the camp may make Dr. Hoven, in the eyes of many people, a... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,391,850 | 1,392,350 |
and in Block 50 we took Dr. Hoven in and took care of him. On the next day the Americans ordered us to turn him over and of course we put him in their hands. QWhat were the motives for which the Defendant Hoven collaborated with the illegal camp administration and with the representatives of the various nations? AI bel... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,392,300 | 1,392,800 |
drawings and I worked more or less freely. In 1942 Dr. Hoven had his wife and children brought t Buchenwald outside of the camp in the troop hospital, and Dr. Hoven took me out of the camp in a doctor's suit, and as it was possible he introduced me as a doctor there in the troop hospital, and they agave me a room as a ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,392,750 | 1,393,250 |
On the basis cf your daily meetings with the defendant Hoven, did you have extensive knowledge of his personality? AYes, a fairly good knowledge. QWere all cf the endeavors cf the defendant Hoven directed toward helping the political prisoners, particularly the non-German prisoners? AYes, certainly. QOn the basis of th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,393,200 | 1,393,700 |
possi ble that Mrugowsky was there once, but to my knowledge I never saw him. I only tell you that the term Mrugowsky was a very special one with us. Mrugowsky meant that we had to polish; that was always the threat that the Capo used, Mrugowsky is coming tomorrow, or he is coming this after noon, then we had to polish... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,393,650 | 1,394,150 |
these selected as political prisoners? A.As far as my knowledge goes, I do not believe that he did. Q.Were you aware of the policy within the Third Reich that people who were unable to work, were useless eaters and in concentration camps they were usually exterminated? A.I, personally cannot say that. I assume that it ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,394,100 | 1,394,600 |
these internal matters very well, as well as Dr. Kogon for example, but we always considered that Dr. Hoven was the man who took his place. Q.Now, defense counsel has submitted some affidavits, those of other inmates, former inmates at Buchenwald concentration camp and therein one of the inmates said he was injected wi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 1,394,550 | 1,395,050 |
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