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a war. If Germany were to occupy oil-rich Romania, that would undercut all of the British strategic assumptions on Germany's need to import oil from the Americas. Since Poland was regarded as the East European state with the most powerful army, Poland had to be tied to Britain as the best way of ensuring Polish support... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 8,100 | 8,600 |
and German control of the Balkans, and he suggested an Anglo-Soviet-Turkish alliance as the best way of countering the Axis . As the Germans had broken the Turkish diplomatic codes, Ribbentrop was well aware as he warned in a circular to German embassies that Anglo-Turkish talks had gone much further "than what the Tur... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 8,550 | 9,050 |
the Anti-Comintern Pact. During the Molotov–Ribbentrop Pact negotiations , Ribbentrop was overjoyed by a report from his ambassador in Moscow, Count Friedrich Werner von der Schulenburg , of a speech by Soviet leader Joseph Stalin before the 18th Party Congress in March 1939 that was strongly anti-Western, which Schule... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 9,000 | 9,500 |
German power that they would not honour their commitments. Along the same lines, Ribbentrop told Ciano on 5 May 1939, "It is certain that within a few months not one Frenchman nor a single Englishman will go to war for Poland". Ribbentrop supported his analysis of the situation by showing Hitler only the diplomatic dis... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 9,450 | 9,950 |
British re-armament and attempt to form an interlocking network of alliances that would block German aggression anywhere in Europe by creating such a formidable deterrence to aggression that Hitler could not rationally choose that option. Underlying the basis of the "containment" of Germany were the so-called "X docume... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 9,900 | 10,400 |
, Otto Abetz , was expelled from France following allegations that he had bribed two French newspaper editors to print pro-German articles. Ribbentrop was enraged by Abetz's expulsion and attacked Count Johannes von Welczeck, the German Ambassador in Paris, over his failure to have the French readmit him. In July 1939,... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 10,350 | 10,850 |
had no interest in a diplomatic solution of the Danzig question but wanted a war to wipe Poland off the map. The Salzburg meeting marked the moment when Ciano's dislike of Ribbentrop was transformed into outright hatred and of the beginning of his disillusionment with the pro-German foreign policy that he had champione... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 10,800 | 11,300 |
toasts with Stalin in honour of German-Soviet friendship. For a brief moment in August 1939, Ribbentrop convinced Hitler that the Non-Aggression Pact with the Soviet Union would cause the fall of the Chamberlain government and lead to a new British government that would abandon the Poles to their fate. Ribbentrop argue... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 11,250 | 11,750 |
message from Mussolini that told Hitler that Italy would dishonour the Pact of Steel if Germany attacked Poland. This was especially damaging to Ribbentrop, as he always assured Hitler, "Italy's attitude is determined by the Rome-Berlin Axis". As a result of the message from Rome and the ratification of the Anglo-Polis... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 11,700 | 12,200 |
think that, if war once starts, it will come to an early end even if a success on any one of the several fronts on which it will be engaged should have been secured Ribbentrop told Hitler that Chamberlain's letter was just a bluff and urged his master to call it. The British Ambassador to Germany, Sir Nevile Henderson ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 12,150 | 12,650 |
1939. The British historian D.C. Watt wrote, "Two hours later, Berlin Radio broadcast the sixteen points, adding that Poland had rejected them. Thanks to Ribbentrop, they had never even seen them". On 31 August, Ribbentrop met with Ambassador Attolico to tell him that Poland's "rejection" of the "generous" German 16-po... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 12,600 | 13,100 |
September 1939 was only a local war between Germany and Poland and that his decision to do so was largely based on a vast underestimate of the risks of a general war. In effect, Ribbentrop's influence made Hitler go to war in 1939 with the country he wanted as his ally, the United Kingdom, and ally with the country he ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 13,050 | 13,550 |
colleagues were encouraged to denounce each other, and was ultimately unsuccessful. In early June 1940, when Mussolini informed Hitler that he would finally enter the war on 10 June 1940, Hitler was most dismissive, in private calling Mussolini a cowardly opportunist who broke the terms of the Pact of Steel in Septembe... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 13,500 | 14,000 |
following the failure to achieve an alliance with Britain, than to a genuine change of mind. Ribbentrop's foreign policy conceptions differed from Hitler's in that Ribbentrop's concept of international relations owed more to the traditional Wilhelmine Machtpolitik than to Hitler's racist and Social Darwinist vision of ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 13,950 | 14,450 |
been annexed to the Reich , but also from their Gaue as well. Ribbentrop treated in a "most dilatory fashion" the ensuing complaints by the Vichy French government over the expulsions. In November 1940, during the visit of the Soviet Foreign Commissar Vyacheslav Molotov to Berlin, Ribbentrop tried hard to get the Sovie... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 14,400 | 14,900 |
qualifications of all these men, none of whom had previously held a diplomatic position before, were that they were close friends of Luther and helped to enable a split in the SS (the traditional rivalry between the SS and SA was still running strong). In March 1941, Japan's Foreign Minister Yōsuke Matsuoka , a Germano... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 14,850 | 15,350 |
Soviet diplomat: "Please tell Stalin I was against this war, and that I know it will bring great misfortune to Germany." When it came to time for Ribbentrop to present the German declaration of war on 22 June 1941 to the Soviet Ambassador, General Vladimir Dekanozov , the interpreter Paul Schmidt described the scene: I... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 15,300 | 15,800 |
positions of the British Empire important to the Tripartite Powers. As part of his efforts to bring Japan into Barbarossa, on 1 July 1941, Ribbentrop had Germany break off diplomatic relations with Chiang Kai-shek and recognized the Japanese-puppet government of Wang Jingwei as China's legitimate rulers. Ribbentrop hop... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 15,750 | 16,250 |
at the news of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor and did his utmost to support a declaration of war on the United States. He delivered the official declaration to the American Chargé d'Affaires Leland B. Morris on 11 December 1941. In early 1942, following American entry into war, the United States successfully press... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 16,200 | 16,700 |
the deportations to be resumed immediately. In November 1942, following Operation Torch (the British-American invasion of North Africa), Ribbentrop met French Chief of the Government Pierre Laval in Munich. He presented Laval with an ultimatum for Germany's occupation of the French unoccupied zone and Tunisia. Ribbentr... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 16,650 | 17,150 |
The Foreign Minister's pleas for permission to seek peace with at least some of Germany's enemies—the Soviet Union in particular—played a role in their estrangement. As his influence declined, Ribbentrop spent his time feuding with other Nazi leaders over control of antisemitic policies to curry Hitler's favour. Ribben... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 17,100 | 17,600 |
in his cell at Nuremberg after the trials had concluded Trial and execution Ribbentrop was a defendant at the Nuremberg trials . The Allies' International Military Tribunal convicted him on four counts: crimes against peace, deliberately planning a war of aggression, committing war crimes, and crimes against humanity .... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 17,550 | 18,050 |
peace, there should be understanding between East and West. I wish peace to the world." Nuremberg Prison Commandant Burton C. Andrus later recalled that Ribbentrop turned to the prison's Lutheran chaplain, Henry F. Gerecke , immediately before the hood was placed over his head and then he whispered, "I'll see you again... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 18,000 | 18,500 |
film The Remains of the Day Benoît Girard in the 2000 Canadian/US TV production Nuremberg Bernd-Uwe Reppenhagen in the 2004 Indian production Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose: The Forgotten Hero Ivaylo Geraskov in the 2006 British television docudrama Nuremberg: Nazis on Trial Edward Baker-Duly in the 2010 BBC Wales/Masterpi... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 18,450 | 18,950 |
that the value at that time was around $40,000 (1945 US Dollars). For years afterwards they were exhibited across the United States, and a few years later the collection was broken up and sold. See also Germany portal Biography portal Politics portal Otto Abetz : German Ambassador to Vichy France (1940–1944) Rudolf But... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 18,900 | 19,400 |
707–709. ↑ Bloch 1992 , p. 8-9 . ↑ Bloch 1992 , p. 12 . ↑ Bloch 1992 , p. 12–13 . ↑ Paul Seabury (August 2022). The Wilhelmstrasse: A study of German diplomats under the Nazi regime . University of California Press . p. 179. ISBN 9780520345478 . Retrieved 23 May 2025 . 1 2 Shirer 1960 , p. 1056. ↑ Weitz, p. 38. ↑ Bloch... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 19,350 | 19,850 |
, Hachette UK, ISBN 978-1405513609 1 2 Bloch, p. 107. ↑ Bloch, pp. 121–123. ↑ Evans, Rob; Hencke, David (29 June 2002), "Wallis Simpson, the Nazi minister, the telltale monk and an FBI plot" , The Guardian , London, archived from the original on 26 August 2013 , retrieved 2 May 2010 ↑ Bloch, p. 120. 1 2 3 Bloch, pp. 12... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 19,800 | 20,300 |
193. ↑ Bloch, p. 194. ↑ Bloch, pp. 196–197. 1 2 Bloch, p. 196. ↑ Weinberg 1970, pp. 462–463. 1 2 Hillgruber, Andreas (1974). "England's Place in Hitler's Plans for World Dominion". Journal of Contemporary History . 9 (1): 5–22 (15). doi : 10.1177/002200947400900101 . JSTOR 260265 . S2CID 159878696 . 1 2 Weinberg 1980, ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 20,250 | 20,750 |
Kingdom, 1999 p. 238. ↑ Watt, pp. 394–407. 1 2 Watt, p. 304. ↑ Watt, pp. 308–309. ↑ Adamthwaite, Anthony (1977) France and the Coming of the Second World War , London: Frank Cass. p. 332. ISBN 978-0714630359 . ↑ Watt, p. 325. ↑ Adamthwaite, Anthony (1977) France and the Coming of the Second World War , London: Frank Ca... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 20,700 | 21,200 |
Bloch, pp. 308–316. 1 2 3 Weitz, p. 268. 1 2 3 Hillgruber, p. 91. 1 2 Bloch, p. 344. ↑ Bloch, p. 353. 1 2 3 Bloch, p. 354. ↑ Bloch, p. 346. 1 2 Bloch, p. 380. 1 2 Bloch, pp. 350–351. 1 2 Bloch, p. 351. ↑ Bloch, pp. 353–354. 1 2 3 Bloch, p. 356. ↑ Bloch, pp. 356–357. 1 2 3 Weitz, p. 291. ↑ Bloch, p. 397. ↑ Bloch, pp. 36... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 21,150 | 21,650 |
205. ↑ The Ribbentrop Hoard - WWII's Finest GI Trophy , 28 June 2023, archived from the original on 26 August 2023 , retrieved 26 August 2023 ↑ "The Orders and medals of Joachim von Ribbentrop" . www.axishistory.com . Archived from the original on 26 August 2023 . Retrieved 26 August 2023 . Bibliography Bloch, Michael ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 21,600 | 22,100 |
Kingdom, 2001 ISBN 0719059585 . * Shirer, William L. (1960). The Rise and Fall of the Third Reich . New York: Simon & Schuster. LCCN 60-6729 . Snyder, Louis . Encyclopedia of the Third Reich . New York: McGraw-Hill, 1976. ISBN 0-07-059525-9 . Turner, Henry Ashby . Hitler's Thirty Days To Power: January 1933 . Reading, ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Joachim von Ribbentrop | 22,050 | 22,478 |
Wilhelm Keitel German field marshal (1882–1946) Wilhelm Bodewin Johann Gustav Keitel ( German pronunciation: [ ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈkaɪtl̩ ] ; 22 September 1882 – 16 October 1946) was a German field marshal who held office as chief of the Oberkommando der Wehrmacht (OKW), the high command of Nazi Germany's armed forces , during W... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 0 | 500 |
Staff . Three years later, he returned to field command. Now a lieutenant-colonel, Keitel was again assigned to the war ministry in 1929 and was soon promoted to Head of the Organizational Department ("T-2"), a post he held until Adolf Hitler took power in 1933. Playing a vital role in the German rearmament , he travel... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 450 | 950 |
his servile "yes man" attitude toward Hitler. His sycophancy was well known in the army, and he acquired the nickname 'Lakeitel', a pun derived from Lakai (" lackey ") and his surname. Hermann Göring's description of Keitel as having "a sergeant's mind inside a field marshal's body" was a feeling often expressed by his... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 900 | 1,400 |
second study which offered a glowing recommendation for the invasion based upon fabricated economic benefits. In January 1943, just before the final surrender at Stalingrad , Hitler agreed to the creation of a three-man committee with representatives of the State, the Armed Forces High Command, and the Party in an atte... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 1,350 | 1,850 |
subsequent invasion of Poland , agreeing to its aims in principle. The Nazi plans included mass arrests, population transfers, and mass murder. Keitel did not contest the regime's assault upon basic human rights or counter the role of the Einsatzgruppen in the murders. The criminal nature of the invasion was now obviou... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 1,800 | 2,300 |
any information concerning the fate of the accused. At the same time, Keitel increased pressure on Otto von Stülpnagel , the military commander in France, for a more ruthless reprisal policy in the country. In October 1942, Keitel signed the Commando Order that authorized the killing of enemy special operations troops ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 2,250 | 2,750 |
course, with its fateful consequences." To underscore the criminal rather than military nature of Keitel's acts, the Allies denied his request to be shot by firing squad . Instead, he was executed at Nuremberg Prison by hanging . On the day of the execution, Keitel told prison chaplain Henry F. Gerecke "You have helped... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 2,700 | 3,200 |
Mitcham 2001 , pp. 163–164. ↑ Wheeler-Bennett 1980 , pp. 372–74. ↑ Hildebrand 1986 , p. 45. ↑ Mitcham 2001 , p. 164. ↑ Mitcham 2001 , p. 8. ↑ Shirer 1990 , p. 313. ↑ Megargee 2000 , pp. 41–44. ↑ Megargee 2000 , pp. 44–45. ↑ "Nazi Conspiracy and Aggression, Volume IV, pp. 552-553, Document 1915-PS" (PDF) . Office of Uni... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 3,150 | 3,650 |
ISBN 0-582-49200-9 . Burleigh, Michael (2010). Moral Combat: Good and Evil in World War II . New York and London: Harper Collins. ISBN 978-0-00-719576-3 . Conot, Robert E. (2000) . Justice at Nuremberg . New York: Carroll & Graf Publishers. ISBN 978-0-88184-032-2 . Darnstädt, Thomas (4 April 2005). "EinGlücksfall der G... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 3,600 | 4,100 |
. Durham, NC: Moore Publishing. ISBN 978-0-87716-105-9 . Piper, Ernst (16 January 2007). "Der Tod durch den Strick dauerte 15 Minuten" . Spiegel Online (in German). Der Spiegel . Retrieved 17 November 2019 . Stahel, David (2009). Operation Barbarossa and Germany's Defeat in the East . Cambridge, UK: Cambridge Universit... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Keitel | 4,050 | 4,370 |
Ernst Kaltenbrunner Austrian SS official (1903–1946) "Kaltenbrunner" redirects here. For people with the surname, see Kaltenbrunner (surname) . For the footballer, see Ernst Kaltenbrunner (footballer) . Ernst Kaltenbrunner (4 October 1903 – 16 October 1946) was an Austrian high-ranking SS official during the Nazi era ,... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 0 | 500 |
active in student politics, and participated in demonstrations against Marxism and clerical influence. He obtained his doctorate in 1926. Kaltenbrunner then worked at a law firm in Salzburg for a year before opening his own law office in Linz. He had deep scars on his face reportedly from duelling in his student days, ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 450 | 950 |
he led a hunger strike against the inadequate food rations, poor sanitary conditions, and unfair treatment by the Heimwehr guards at the camp, which forced the government to release 490 of the party members. In 1935, he was jailed again on suspicion of high treason ; more specifically, Kaltenbrunner was accused of spre... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 900 | 1,400 |
Also in 1938, he was appointed Higher SS and Police Leader ( Höherer SS- und Polizeiführer ; HSSPF) for Oberabschnitt Donau , which was the primary SS command in Austria (he held that post until 30 January 1943). Kaltenbrunner with Ordnungspolizei officials in Vienna in 1940 following the 1938 Anschluss World War II Ka... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 1,350 | 1,850 |
the genocide of Jews picked up pace as "the process of extermination was to be expedited and the concentration of the Jews in the Reich itself and the occupied countries were to be liquidated as soon as possible." Kaltenbrunner stayed constantly informed over the status of concentration-camp activities, receiving perio... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 1,800 | 2,300 |
carefully, as the military was not under the jurisdiction of the Gestapo or the SD. When the attempt failed, the conspirators were soon identified. Kaltenbrunner called for the execution of those implicated in the plot. An estimated 5,000 people were eventually executed, with many more sent to concentration camps. Hist... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 2,250 | 2,750 |
the top of the Totes Gebirge mountains near Altaussee , Austria, by a search party initiated by the 80th Infantry Division, Third U.S. Army . Information had been gained from Johann Brandauer, the assistant burgermeister of Altaussee, that the party was hiding out with false papers in the cabin. This was supported by a... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 2,700 | 3,200 |
bore his signature were " rubber-stamped " and filed by his adjutant(s). He also said Gestapo Chief Heinrich Müller had illegally affixed his signature to numerous documents in question. Kaltenbrunner argued in his defence that his position as RSHA chief existed only theoretically and said he was only active in matters... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 3,150 | 3,650 |
also Allgemeine SS Holocaust (miniseries) – TV production in which Kaltenbrunner is portrayed by Hans Meyer . Inside the Third Reich – television film in which Kaltenbrunner is portrayed by Hans Meyer . List of SS-Obergruppenführer List of major perpetrators of the Holocaust List of defendants at the International Mili... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 3,600 | 4,100 |
journalist Heinz Höhne characterizes this acceptance of Wolff's gambit as a charge for him to "seek better terms with the U.S. forces", but this may have been nothing more than another expression for stalling the Allies accordingly, given Hitler's later refusal to surrender under any circumstances and his vitriol again... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 4,050 | 4,550 |
↑ Read 2005 , p. 833. ↑ Read 2005 , pp. 833–837. ↑ Graber 1978 , p. 180. ↑ Kershaw 2000 , p. 693. ↑ Höhne 2001 , p. 511. ↑ Höhne 2001 , pp. 542–543. ↑ Miller 2015 , pp. 393, 406, 407. ↑ Overy 2010 , p. 388. ↑ Moorehead 1999 , pp. 458–460. ↑ Höhne 2001 , p. 572. ↑ Höhne 2001 , p. 573. ↑ Höhne 2001 , pp. 573–574. ↑ Fishe... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 4,500 | 5,000 |
Army in World War II. Washington DC: United States Army Center of Military History. OCLC 31143820 . Archived from the original (PDF) on September 27, 2012. Gerwarth, Robert (2012). Hitler's Hangman: The Life of Heydrich . New Haven, CT: Yale University Press. ISBN 978-0-300-18772-4 . Graber, G. S. (1978). The History o... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 4,950 | 5,450 |
of the SS . New York; Toronto: NAL Caliber (Penguin Group). ISBN 978-0-451-23791-0 . West, Nigel (2013). Historical Dictionary of World War II Intelligence . Lanham, MD: Scarecrow Press). ISBN 978-0-8108-5822-0 . Wistrich, Robert (1995). Who's Who In Nazi Germany . New York: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-11888-0 . Yahil, L... | Wikipedia (defendant): Ernst Kaltenbrunner | 5,400 | 5,583 |
Alfred Rosenberg Nazi theorist and war criminal (1893–1946) Alfred Ernst Rosenberg ( 12 January [ O.S. 31 December 1892 ] 1893 – 16 October 1946) was a Baltic German Nazi theorist, theologian, ideologue and convicted war criminal . Rosenberg was first introduced to Adolf Hitler by Dietrich Eckart , and he held several ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 0 | 500 |
German St. Nicholas parish of Reval in 1856. The Hungarian-Jewish journalist Franz Szell, who was apparently residing in Tilsit , Prussia , Germany , spent a year researching in Latvian and Estonian archives before publishing an open letter in 1936, with copies to Hermann Göring , Joseph Goebbels , Foreign Minister Kon... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 450 | 950 |
its editor in 1923. Rosenberg was a leading member of Aufbau Vereinigung , Reconstruction Organisation, a conspiratorial organisation of White Russian émigrés which had a critical influence on early Nazi policy. Rosenberg sympathized and identified with Talaat Pasha and the Committee of Union and Progress that carried ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 900 | 1,400 |
Advanced School of the NSDAP , dedicated to identifying and attacking supposed Jewish influence in German culture and to recording the history of Judaism from a radical nationalist perspective. In 1930, he published his book on racial theory The Myth of the Twentieth Century ( Der Mythus des 20. Jahrhunderts ) which de... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 1,350 | 1,850 |
named as a member of Hans Frank 's Academy for German Law . On 27 January 1934, Hitler made Rosenberg the "Führer's Representative for the Supervision of Intellectual and Ideological Education of the NSDAP." This was the origin of the Amt Rosenberg , or Rosenberg Office, which was an official body for cultural policy a... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 1,800 | 2,300 |
German interests for the benefit of future Aryan generations, in accord with geopolitical " Lebensraum im Osten" plans. They would provide a buffer against Soviet expansion in preparation for the total eradication of Communism and Bolshevism by decisive pre-emptive military action. Following these plans, when Wehrmacht... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 2,250 | 2,750 |
name. Hitler himself denounced the redistribution of land as "stupid". There were numerous German armed forces ( Wehrmacht ) posters asking for assistance in the Bandenkrieg, the war against the Soviet partisans , though, once again, German policy had the effect of adding to their problems. Posters for "volunteer" labo... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 2,700 | 3,200 |
party. Several accounts of the time before the Nazi ascension to power speak of Hitler as being a mouthpiece for Rosenberg's views, and he clearly exerted a great deal of intellectual influence. The question of Rosenberg's influence in the Nazi Party is controversial. He was perceived as lacking the charisma and politi... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 3,150 | 3,650 |
new ideology; it meant concentration of the combined resources of party and state on total war . Racial theories As the Nazi Party's chief racial theorist , Rosenberg oversaw the construction of a human racial "ladder" that justified Hitler's racial and ethnic policies . Rosenberg built on the works of Arthur de Gobine... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 3,600 | 4,100 |
Instead, Rosenberg argued for a new "religion of the blood", which was based on the supposed innate promptings of the Nordic soul to defend its noble character against racial and cultural degeneration. In his 1920 book Immorality in the Talmud , Rosenberg identified Jews with the antichrist . He rejected negative Chris... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 4,050 | 4,550 |
, 1920, Ernst Boepple 's Deutscher Volksverlag, Munich ("Immorality in the Talmud") Das Verbrechen der Freimaurerei: Judentum, Jesuitismus, Deutsches Christentum , 1921 ("The Crime of Freemasonry: Judaism, Jesuitism, German Christianity") Wesen, Grundsätze und Ziele der Nationalsozialistischen Deutschen Arbeiterpartei ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 4,500 | 5,000 |
forcing the civilian population of occupied Russia to serve Germany." Meyer also noted Rosenberg's "hostile comments about Nazi leaders," which he described as "unvarnished." While some parts of the manuscript had been previously published, the majority had been lost for decades. Former Federal Bureau of Investigation ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 4,950 | 5,450 |
wrote: "In the year 1917, Russian Man finally disintegrated. He fell into two parts. The Nordic Russian blood gave up the struggle, the eastern Mongolian, powerfully stirred up, summoned Chinese and desert peoples to its aid, Jews and Armenians pushed forward to leadership, and the Kalmuch Tartar Lenin became master. T... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 5,400 | 5,900 |
concentrated feeling of personality which built Gothic cathedrals and inspired a Rembrandt portrait penetrated more clearly into the consciousness of the general public, a new wave of culture would begin. But the prerequisite for this is the overcoming of the former statutory values of the 'Christian' churches." The My... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 5,850 | 6,350 |
blue black, woolly haired, brown skinned Jew boy would be an impossibility. Equally, we cannot think of a Jewish Mother of God next to the holy, even if the latter had the "noble face" of an Offenbach or Disraeli." The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930) p. 297 ↑ Rosenberg wrote: "The Jewish idea of the "slave of god"... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 6,300 | 6,800 |
founders of a religion for us." The Myth of the Twentieth Century (1930) p. 441 Citations ↑ Sources which refer to Rosenberg as a "Baltic German" or equivalent include: Bullock, Alan (1964) Hitler: A Study in Tyranny . New York: Harper p.79 Evans, Richard J. (2003) The Coming of the Third Reich New York: Penguin. p. 17... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 6,750 | 7,250 |
978-1-4008-8963-1 . Lay summary in: Kieser, Hans-Lukas. "Pasha, Talat". 1914–1918-online. International Encyclopedia of the First World War . ↑ Hofmann, Tessa (2016). "From Silence to Re-remembrance: The Response of German Media to Massacres and Genocide against the Ottoman Armenians". Mass Media and the Genocide of th... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 7,200 | 7,700 |
im "Dritten Reich" , Gebr. Mann, pp. 38 ff. ISBN 978-3-7861-2806-9 ↑ Vries, Willem de (2000): Kunstraub im Westen, Alfred Rosenberg und der Sonderstab Musik , S. Fischer Verlag. ISBN 3-596-14768-9 ↑ Irving, David (1996) Goebbels: Mastermind of the Third Reich , London: Focal Point. p. 769. ISBN 1872197132 ↑ Kevin P. Sp... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 7,650 | 8,150 |
Myth': Image and Reality in the Third Reich . Oxford University Press . p. 109. ISBN 0-19-280206-2 . OCLC 47063365 . Hitler's evident ability to simulate, even to potentially critical Church leaders, an image of a leader keen to uphold and protect Christianity was crucial to the mediation of such an image to the church... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 8,100 | 8,600 |
Italy and Nazi Germany: New Answers to an Old Problem" . Journal of Modern Italian Studies . 24 (1): 97– 114. doi : 10.1080/1354571X.2019.1550701 . S2CID 150519628 . Retrieved 28 August 2023 . ↑ Gerecke, Henry F. (25 November 2018). "I Walked to the Gallows with the Nazi Chiefs" . Archived from the original on 30 May 2... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 8,550 | 9,050 |
Lost (and Found) Nazi Diaries". National Geographic . 1 2 3 "Long-lost Nazi diary recovered after HSI investigation" . wwe.ICE.gov . Archived from the original on 30 May 2014. ↑ Federal Officials Reveal Diary of High-Level Nazi Leader Found in WNY Archived 15 October 2014 at the Wayback Machine ↑ Kovaleski, Serge F. (3... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 9,000 | 9,500 |
Inside the Third Reich . New York: Avon. ISBN 978-0-380-00071-5 . Rosenberg, Alfred (1930). Der Mythus des zwanzigsten Jahrhunderts . Rothfeder, Herbert P. (1963). A Study of Alfred Rosenberg's Organization for National Socialist Ideology (Michigan, Phil. Diss. 1963) . University Microfilms, Ann Arbor. Rothfeder, Herbe... | Wikipedia (defendant): Alfred Rosenberg | 9,450 | 9,708 |
Hans Frank German politician and war criminal (1900–1946) For the German fighter ace, see Hans-Dieter Frank . Hans Michael Frank (23 May 1900 – 16 October 1946) was a German Nazi politician, lawyer and convicted war criminal who served as the head of the General Government , an entity created by Germany on part of the ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 0 | 500 |
1923 to become a member of the Sturmabteilung (SA), where he would eventually attain the rank of SA- Obergruppenführer in November 1937. In October 1923, he officially joined the NSDAP. In November of the same year, Frank took part in the " Beer Hall Putsch ", the failed coup attempt intended to parallel Mussolini 's M... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 450 | 950 |
Philosophy Committee and was editor of its several publications. In January 1934, Frank was named as one of the three judges on the Supreme Party Court . In March 1933, in a speech on the Bavarian radio, Frank issued "a greeting to his oppressed comrades in Austria" and threatened that, if necessary, the Nazi Party wou... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 900 | 1,400 |
labour . In 1942, he lost his positions of authority outside the General Government after annoying Hitler with a series of speeches in Berlin , Vienna, Heidelberg , and Munich and as part of a power struggle with Friedrich-Wilhelm Krüger , the State Secretary for Security – head of the SS and the police in the General ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 1,350 | 1,850 |
he – Frank – was unaware of the extermination camps in the General Government until early 1944, an assertion found to be untrue by the Nuremberg tribunal . During his testimony at Nuremberg, Frank claimed he submitted resignation requests to Hitler on 14 occasions, but Hitler would not allow him to resign. Frank fled t... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 1,800 | 2,300 |
humanity on 1 October 1946 and was sentenced to death by hanging . The death sentence was carried out at Nuremberg Prison on 16 October by US Army Master Sergeant John C. Woods . Journalist Joseph Kingsbury-Smith wrote of the execution: Hans Frank was next in the parade of death. He was the only one of the condemned to... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 2,250 | 2,750 |
allowed to return until the 1860s, scholars such as Ian Kershaw and Brigitte Hamann dismiss as baseless the " Frankenberger hypothesis ", which before had only Frank's speculation to support it. More recent scholarship by Leonard Sax points out that many Jews lived in places without official sanction and demonstrated t... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 2,700 | 3,200 |
Brigitte Frank had five children: Sigrid Frank (born 17 March 1927 and died in South Africa) Norman Frank (3 June 1928 – March 2009) Brigitte Frank (13 January 1935 – 1981) Michael Frank (15 February 1937 – 1990) Niklas Frank (born 9 March 1939) Brigitte Herbst had a reputation for having a more dominant personality th... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 3,150 | 3,650 |
bonded closer to Hilde, their nanny, and also felt closer to his mother than his father. According to Niklas, his siblings' "brains" had been "poisoned" by their father. Niklas, who in his early adult years became a journalist for the Time magazine in Germany, would also participate in the early printing of Schindler's... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 3,600 | 4,100 |
regime and, having developed an addiction for tranquilizers, died there. Niklas is the sole living child of Hans and Brigitte Frank. Despite severe differences, especially when it came to Hans Frank's memory, Hans's family would remain unestranged all throughout their lives, not letting their differences destroy the re... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 4,050 | 4,550 |
v. Undesirables" . Time . 29 May 1933. ISSN 0040-781X . Retrieved 20 January 2024 . ↑ Housden 2003 , p. 4. ↑ Quoted in Evans, Richard J. (2005). The Third Reich in Power . Penguin Press, p. 73. ISBN 978-1-59420-074-8 . ↑ Anna Rosmus Hitlers Nibelungen , Samples Grafenau 2015, p. 145. 1 2 Housden 2003 , p. 77. ↑ Housden... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 4,500 | 5,000 |
Remembering Nuremberg" . Al Jazeera . Retrieved 21 October 2024 . ↑ Frank, Niklas (1991). In the Shadow of the Reich . Knopf; ISBN 978-0-394-58345-7 . ↑ Review by Susan Benesch , Washington Monthly , November 1991. ↑ "Hans Frank private motion pictures" . United States Holocaust Memorial Museum . Retrieved 21 October 2... | Wikipedia (defendant): Hans Frank | 4,950 | 5,265 |
Wilhelm Frick German Nazi Party politician (1877–1946) Wilhelm Frick (12 March 1877 – 16 October 1946) was a German politician of the Nazi Party (NSDAP) and convicted war criminal . He served as Minister of the Interior in Adolf Hitler's cabinet from 1933 to 1943 and as the last governor of the Protectorate of Bohemia ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 0 | 500 |
his post at the Munich Police Department in 1917. On 25 April 1910, Frick married Elisabetha Emilie Nagel (1890–1978) in Pirmasens. They had two sons and a daughter. The marriage ended in an ugly divorce in 1934. A few weeks later, on 12 March, Frick remarried in Münchberg Margarete Schultze-Naumburg (1896–1960), the f... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 450 | 950 |
for joining the coalition government of the Land (state) of Thuringia , the NSDAP received the state ministries of the Interior and Education. On 23 January 1930, Frick was appointed to these ministries, becoming the first Nazi to hold a ministerial-level post at any level in Germany (though he remained a member of the... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 900 | 1,400 |
of Parties (14 July 1933) that formally made the NSDAP the only legal party in Germany. Under the 30 January 1934 " Law on the Reconstruction of the Reich ", which converted Germany into a highly centralized state, state parliaments were dissolved and the newly implemented Reichsstatthalter were made directly responsib... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 1,350 | 1,850 |
Against Jews' Possession of Weapons. From the mid-to-late 1930s Frick lost favour irreversibly within the Nazi Party after a power struggle involving attempts to resolve the lack of coordination within the Reich government. For example, in 1933 he tried to restrict the widespread use of "protective custody" orders that... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 1,800 | 2,300 |
least steady of any so far and stumbled on the thirteenth step of the gallows. His only words were, "Long live eternal Germany", before he was hooded and dropped through the trap. His body, along with those of the other nine executed men and the corpse of Hermann Göring , was cremated at the Ostfriedhof Cemetery in Mun... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 2,250 | 2,750 |
Volume 1 , Ulric, p. 77. ↑ "Hans Mommsen, The Dissolution of the Third Reich (1943–1945) " . Archived from the original on 7 August 2008 . Retrieved 8 May 2023 . ↑ Trial:Wilhelm Frick Archived 2 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine ↑ "The trial of German major war criminals : proceedings of the International Military T... | Wikipedia (defendant): Wilhelm Frick | 2,700 | 2,916 |
Julius Streicher German publicist and politician (1885–1946) Julius Sebastian Streicher (12 February 1885 – 16 October 1946) was a German publicist, politician and convicted war criminal . A member of the Nazi Party , he served as the Gauleiter (regional leader) of Franconia and a member of the Reichstag , the national... | Wikipedia (defendant): Julius Streicher | 0 | 500 |
von Sebottendorf as a child of the Thule Society , and its program was based on the ideas of the mechanical engineer Alfred Brunner (1881–1936); in 1919, the party was officially inaugurated in Hanover . Its leading members included Hans Georg Müller, Max Sesselmann and Friedrich Wiesel, the first two editors of the Mü... | Wikipedia (defendant): Julius Streicher | 450 | 950 |
serve Hitler". In May 1923 Streicher founded the sensationalist newspaper Der Stürmer ( The Stormer , or, loosely, The Attacker ). From the outset, the chief aim of the paper was to promulgate antisemitic propaganda ; the first issue had an excerpt that stated, "As long as the Jew is in the German household, we will be... | Wikipedia (defendant): Julius Streicher | 900 | 1,400 |
would help him resist efforts to silence his racist message. In January 1925 he also joined the Nuremberg City Council. Hitler re-founded the Nazi Party on 27 February 1925 in a speech at the Bürgerbräukeller in Munich. Streicher was present and pledged his loyalty; the GVG was soon formally disbanded. As a reward for ... | Wikipedia (defendant): Julius Streicher | 1,350 | 1,850 |
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