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7d594a8d-cfd5-458a-a7ce-1cb6ab7633ba | True about myasthenia gravis - | Associated with thymomoa in 3/4 of cases | Incremental response seen with repetitive electric stimuli | Skeletal muscle function improve after rest | ↑ Aceytylcholine receptor | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
6f83a4b8-f0bd-4ca6-b081-247444102d5e | The impoant coreceptors for HIV to bind with CD4 receptors are: | CCR4 and CXCR3 | CCR5 and CXCR4 | CCR4 and CXCR5 | CCR4 and CXCR2 | 1b | single | The primary cellular receptor for HIV is CD4 (Helper subset of T cells). HIV has two major coreceptors: CCR5 and CXCR4 (for fusion and entry)ALSO KNOW:Kaposi's sarcoma cannot be explained completely by the immunodeficiency caused by HIV infection. Ref: Harrison, Edition-18, Page-1519. | Pathology | null |
5ae303fc-d5a4-4fe0-b1e4-1458526a81ba | Which malocclusion will not lead to straining of Lips? | Class - II Div. 1 | Class-II Div. 2 | Bimaxillary protrusion | None | 1b | multi | null | Dental | null |
c0b6a0e8-b1d7-4ebb-915e-ec71795ae814 | All of the following are true regarding zenkers diveiculum except | It is a false diveiculum | It occurs in children | It is a posterior pharyngeal pulsion diveiculum | M/C site for diveiculum is killians dehiscence | 1b | multi | PHARYNGEAL POUCH Also called hypopharyngeal diveiculum or Zenker's diveiculum, it is a pulsion diveiculum where pharyngeal mucosa herniates through the Killian's dehiscence--a weak area between two pas of the inferior constrictor. AETIOLOGY :- Exact cause is not known. It is probably due to spasm of cricopharyngeal sph... | ENT | Pharynx |
9bf0dd00-6914-4732-aa54-29c23afaea82 | In donovanosis- | Pseudolymphadenopathy | Penicillin is used for treatment | Painful ulcer | Suppurative lymphadenopathy | 0a | single | Ans. is `a' i.e., Pseudolymphadenopathy Donovanosis Caused by Calymmatobacterium granulomatis. C. granulomatis is ? - Gram negative - Encapsulated - Nonmotile - Intracellular It shares many morphologic and serologic characteristic (antigenic) and > 99% homology at the nucleotide level with Klebsiella. Clinical manifest... | Microbiology | null |
a7aeb17d-5c43-46f4-b130-81a23bb1e988 | Sensorimotor stage of cognitive development is
characterized by | Egocentricism | Symbolic play | Animism | Conservation | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
0189c0d4-f07b-4eac-af39-9d59fde71109 | Which of the following drug is used in sickle cell anemia? | Hydroxyurea | Carmustine | Paclitaxel | Bleomycin | 0a | single | Ans. a. Hydroxyurea The only drug approved by US FDA for the treatment of sickle cell anemia is hydroxyurea.Hydroxyurea in Sickle Cell Anemia* The only drug approved by US FDA for the treatment of sickle cell anemia is hydroxyurea.* Hydroxyurea increases total and fetal hemoglobin in children with sickle cell disease.*... | Pharmacology | Anti-Neoplastic Agents |
4b6db4a7-faf7-4bd0-845d-c12dc24dc887 | Human placenta is: | Hemochorial | Endothen - esdothelima | Chorio - endothelial | Non-Discoidal | 0a | single | Ans-A (Hemochorial) Ref: DC Dutta's Textbook of Obstetrics, 7th edn, pg 28Explanation:Human placentaStarts developing at 6 weeks and completed by 12 weeksHuman placenta is discoid, hemochorial, deciduateDevelopment of placentaFetal part - chorion frondosumMaternal part - deciduas hasalisCleavage of placenta following d... | Unknown | null |
3b8291c6-46fb-433f-a76e-d3aba9ee79d1 | A 35 year old man taking steroids for a long time on withdrawal developed fever and generalised pustules all over his body, what can be possible cause? | Drug eruption | Bacterial infection | Septicaemia | Pustular Psoriasis | 3d | multi | Pustular psoriasis develops on -1. Withdrawal of systemic coicosteroids2. Application of contact irritants like coal tar, dithranol | Dental | Psoriasis |
d95202e9-0cfa-4e00-b742-15bf91c9bf6a | All of the following may be seen in patients of cardiac tamponade, except: | Kussmaul's sign | Pulsus paradoxus | Electrical alternans | Right ventricular diastolic collapse on echocardiogram | 0a | multi | Kussmaul's sign is an increase rather than the normal decrease in CVP during inspiration, is most often caused by severe right-sided hea failure; it is a frequent finding in patients with constrictive pericarditis or right ventricular infarction. Kussmaul's sign is present in constrictive pericarditis and its is a clin... | Medicine | null |
e7d6968b-02ad-4946-b92c-595a86e70681 | Stimulation of peripheral chemoreceptors causes: | Bradycardia | Tachycardia | Either bradycardia or tachycardia | Neither bradycardia nor tachycardia | 2c | single | Peripheral chemoreceptor in the carotid and aoic bodies can produce variable effects on hea rate- Direct Effect: Vagal stimulation- Bradycardia Indirect effect : Hypoxia- Peripheral chemoreceptor stimulation - Hyperventilation and increased catecholamine secretion - Tachycardia and increased cardiac output Chemorecepto... | Physiology | Cardiovascular system |
c440f4a9-4471-4d93-b9a1-024d8ea0f06d | A elderly female presented with history of progressive right-sided weakness and speech difficulty. She gives a history of a fall in her bathroom two months back. The most likely clinical diagnosis is : | Progressive supranuclear palsy | Left cerebral tumor | Left sided stroke | Left chronic subdural haematoma | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Left chronic subdural haematoma) : Progressively increasing right sided focal neurological signs over a period of one month along with papilloedema suggest a diagnosis of an IntraCranial Space Occurring Lesion. (ICSOL). Given the history of head trauma in an elderly female chronic subdural haematoma is the... | Medicine | null |
60227b2e-f5b3-4632-8656-ebcc1b06e181 | A person suffers from B27 associated reactive ahritis, urethritis and conjunctivitis. Which is most likely organism involved in this case? | Borrelia burgdorferi | Ureaplasma urealyticum | Beta-hemolytic streptococci | Streptococcus bovis | 1b | single | Agents responsible for Reiter's syndrome: Salmonella enteritidis S. typhimurium S. heidelberg Yersinia enterocolitica Y. pseudotuberculosis Campylobacter fetus Shigella flexneri Genitourinary pathogens (such as Chlamydia or Ureaplasma urealyticum) Ref: Suurmond D. (2009). Section 14. The Skin in Immune, Autoimmune, and... | Skin | null |
7bdd97cb-8138-480f-a3cf-30fb8094ba12 | Battles sign is extopic manifestation of? | Anterior cranial fossa fracture | Middle cranial fossa fracture | Posterior cranial fossa fracture | Orbital fracture | 1b | single | Ecchymosis over the mastoid procens following fracture of middle cranial fossa is called Battles sign. | Forensic Medicine | null |
969f519b-be8b-4e2a-acd8-cfb185982990 | True about conversion of 20C fatty acid conversion to prostaglandin synthase | First PG synthesized is PGI I2 | It is rate limiting enzyme | It convees PGI H2 to PGI E2 | The primary prostaglandin is PG H2 | 3d | multi | Biosynthesis of Prostaglandins Prostaglandins are derived from the PUFA, the three series being derived from the following fatty acids. 1 series (1 double bond) -from Linoleic acid 2 series (2 double bonds)-from Arachidonic acid 3 series (3 double bonds)-Eicosa Penta-enoic Naturally occurring PGs belong to the 2 series... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
71844548-ef22-41e2-8492-82bf79bfa35a | According to Universal system the primary right central incisor is coded as: | A | F | E | O | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
b37fe7f8-f8e7-42d7-b5ab-97400983edcb | Call - Exner bodies are seen in : | Theca cell tumour | Fibromas | Granulosa cell tumour | None of the above | 2c | multi | Granulosa cell tumour | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
fcf1c185-272f-46af-be4e-0a8692d36e73 | Muscle supplied by median nerve: | Opponens pollicis | Abductor pollicis brevis | Flexor pollicis brevis | All | 3d | multi | A, B, C, i.e. Opponens pollicis, Abductor pollicis brevis, Flexor pollicis brevis, & First lumbricals | Anatomy | null |
4eb37883-9482-4831-81bd-a6ab7dffb9ae | Tetrodotoxin blocks | yNa+ during action potential | yK+ during action potential | yNa+ during resting state | yK+ during resting state | 0a | single | A i.e. y Na+ during action potentialInhibitors & toxinsSodium dependent glucose transpoer (SGLT or Na+ glucose co transpoer) is inhibited by phlorizinQ whereas, phloretin inhibits sodium (Na+) independent glucose transpoer (GLUT 2) in intestineQ.Fish neurotoxin tetrodotoxin (applied externally) block Na' channelsQ (esp... | Physiology | null |
7c7ed4e0-932f-4c3a-82bd-ac60a642d77a | Indirect coombs test detect - | Antibodies attached to RBC surface | Antigen in serum | Antibodies in the serum | Antigen attached to RBC surface | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
e91c2118-9e66-4c8e-b44c-5e524ff8be7b | Active reabsorption of glucose occurs in the ? | Distal tubule | Proximal tubule | Loop of henle | Collecting ducts | 1b | single | B i.e. Proximal tubuleProximal convoluted tubule (early pa) reabsorbs almost all of glucose, amino acids, protein, lactate & inorganic phosphate and most (65%) of bicorbonate,Na+,11)0, K+ and CI Q. PCT is also an impoant site for secretion of organic acids and bases such as oxalate, urate, bile salts, H+ and catecholam... | Physiology | null |
fc5ba7c2-425e-4d0d-81af-67d294537de0 | The antidiabetic drug with anorectic effect is | Liraglutide | Gliclazide | Acarbose | Chlorpropamide | 0a | single | Oral hypoglycemic agents Enhance insulin secretion Sulfonylureas ( K-ATP channel blockers )I - TolbutamideSafer in elderly & those prone to hypoglycemia, Controls postprandial hyperglycemia II - Glibenclamide, Glipizide, Gliclazide, GlimepiridePotent drugs with lower incidence of hypoglycemic attacks Meglitinide analog... | Anatomy | All India exam |
f26a83f3-f998-49d3-a803-e54443a4fa0e | Most common mode of lead poisoning- | Ingestion | Dermally | Inhalation | Through conjunctiva | 2c | multi | Mode.of absorption of lead is by inhalation, ingestion and through skin.Most cases of industrial lead poisoning is due to inhalation of fumes and dust of lead or its compounds.(Ref.PARK'S textbook of preventive and social medicine 21st edition page no.748) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Hospital waste and disaster management, Occupational health |
89eaf7b4-b904-4924-ab6a-85f62ad5d8f9 | Shoest acting coicosteroid he following is? | Dexamethasone | Hydrocoisone | Triamcinolone | Deflazaco | 1b | single | Sho acting steroids - Coisone Hydrocoisone Intermediate acting - Prednisone Prednisolone Triamcinolone Long acting - Dexamethasone Betamethasone Paramethasone | Pharmacology | FMGE 2019 |
dc7b3d89-508d-48c8-8e62-16e7141d480d | A patient who underwent extensive bowel resection is on total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for 1 month. Endoscopy done after one month reveals diffuse gastric mucosal atrophy. Which enzyme deficiencies are most likely responsible for gastric mucosal atrophy in this patient? | Gastrin and ghrelin | Secretin and CCK | Gastrin and CCK | Gastrin and secretin | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Gastrin and CCK(Ref: Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology,5th ed p.284)Gastrin and CCK deficiencies can cause Gastric mucosal atrophy | Physiology | G.I.T. |
df6cc889-5f52-491a-b0ec-e704bcf8bedb | Oogonia at the time of bih, is present in which of the following stage of meiosis? | Prophase 1 | Metaphase 1 | Anaphase 1 | Telophase 1 | 0a | single | Oogenesis Near the time of bih, all primary oocytes have staed prophase of meiosis I, but instead of proceeding into metaphase, they enter the diplotene stage, a resting stage during prophase that is characterized by a lacy network of chromatin Primary oocytes remain in prophase and do not finish their first meiotic di... | Anatomy | All India exam |
575f4d23-4fcc-46b1-8a31-1b4115297c3b | Compartment devoid of neurovascular bundle | Anterior compartment of leg | Posterior deep compartment of leg | Posterior superficial compartment of leg | Lateral compartment of leg | 2c | single | Posterior superficial compartment of leg is devoid of neurovascular bundle | Anatomy | null |
23709d9d-e0c7-4934-b8b8-d6f70c068720 | In amyloidosis Beta pleated sheet will be seen in- | X-ray crystallography | Electron microscope | Spiral electron microscope | Congo red stain | 0a | multi | Beta pleated sheets in amyloidosis is seen by X- ray crystallography. Basic Pathology, Robbins. Page no.:156 | Pathology | General pathology |
54f58f03-ac4b-4aa5-8e4c-bf2073734dd8 | Enzyme involved in Variegate porphyria | Ferrochelatase | Protoporphyrinogen oxidase | Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase | ALA dehydratase | 1b | single | Enzyme InvolvedType Major Signs and SymptomsResults of Laboratory TestsProtoporphyrinogen oxidaseVariegate porphyria (hepatic)Photosensitivity, abdominal pain,neuropsychiatric symptomsUrinary ALA, PBG, and coproporphyrinIII and fecal protoporphyrinIX increasedRef: Harper&;s Biochemistry; 30th edition; Chapter 31 Porphy... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
1ae5d699-b3f1-4702-989f-f4f1d51ecf74 | Size of paicle for aerosol therapy/respirable dust is? | 0.5-1 | 5-Jan | 10-May | 15-Oct | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 1-5 o The two type of devices used for aerosol therapy are matered-dose inhalers and nebulizer. Both devices provide a range of paicle sizes that includes the desired 1-5 range. | Pharmacology | null |
b3ef04ef-7f91-49b8-b77b-58065ca57198 | Rules followed amongst medical professionals which are mutual ? | Medical etiquettes | Medical ethics | Privileged communication | Vicarious responsibility' | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Medical etiquettes Medical etiquettesMedical etiquettes : It refers to existing customs of brotherhood among members of medical profession, i.e. couesy followed between members of medical profession, e.g. it is a custom not to charge another doctor or his close relatives. Medical ethicsThe earliest cod... | Forensic Medicine | null |
191f2f7c-eb14-4b08-8718-310837de839f | EEG rhythm recorded from the surface of the scalp during REM sleep - | Alpha | Beta | Delta | Theta | 1b | single | B i.e. Beta | Physiology | null |
d5f92859-b0ca-4f89-b98b-781c5a1eb615 | The fastest acting schizonticidal drug among the following is: | Artemether | Mefloquine | Chloroquine | Proguanil | 0a | single | Artemether-lumefantrine
Lumefantrine is an orally active, high efficacy, long-acting erythrocytic schizontocide, related chemically and in mechanism of action to halofantrine and MQ. Like the other schizontocides, vivax hypnozoites are not affected. Lumefantrine is highly lipophilic; absorption starts after 2 hours o... | Pharmacology | null |
5892c2b8-7628-42bd-91f8-9a8a91962a41 | All of the following trigger the intrinsic pathway of programmed cell death, except: | Withdrawal of growth factor stimulus | Radiation injury | Activation of Fas receptor by FasL | Intracellular protein misfolding | 2c | multi | Apoptosis is also referred to as 'programmed cell death'. Mitochondrial (Intrinsic) pathway of apoptosis is triggered due to cellular injury caused by: Growth factor withdrawal DNA damage (by radiation, toxins, free radicals) Protein misfolding (ER stress) Death receptor (Extrinsic) pathway of apoptosis is triggered by... | Pathology | Apoptosis |
668eedaf-9165-4f2e-b86e-e9973eb8727e | Merciful anosmia is seen in | Nasal polyp | Atrophic rhinitis | Rhinosporidiosis | Rhinoscleroma | 1b | single | Merciful anosmia is seen in atrophic rhinitis(Ozaena). There is foul smell from the nose, but the patient himself is unaware of smell due to marked anosmia due to degenerative changes Ref: Dhingra 7e pg 173. | ENT | Nose and paranasal sinuses |
fc5e8494-369c-4353-b1f8-b1b01f1e93dd | Adson's test is used for determining vascular insufficiency. It is useful in:- | Peripheral vascular disease | Varicose veins | Cervical rib | AV fistula | 2c | single | Adson's test is used for determining vascular insufficiency due to Cervical rib. | Surgery | Aerial disorders |
551419bc-ddb4-43f7-8d39-f4ba6c6daefe | The pectoralis major is classifies as a | Spiral Muscle | Cruciate muscle | Fusiform muscle | Bipennate Muscle | 0a | single | Pectoralis major muscle is typically classified as a spiral Muscle. Muscles with spiral or twisted fasciculi are found in Trapezius, Pectoralis major, Latissimus dorsi, and supinator. Spiral or Twisted: The muscle fibers undergo a twist of approximately 180 degrees between their medial and lateral attachement. Spiral o... | Anatomy | Upper limb |
773b5d6e-e653-4b10-9d6c-cdc05b9aa06e | Non-vitamin coenzyme is | Lipoic acid | CoA | S-adenosyl methionine | Niacin | 0a | single | Vitamins are organic molecules that function in a wide variety of capacities within the body. The most prominent function of the vitamins is to serve as cofactors (co-enzymes) for enzymatic reactions. The distinguishing feature of the vitamins is that they generally cannot be synthesized by mammalian cells and, therefo... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
18b35cee-37e3-40ba-b6f0-15e6a64906fd | Fondaparinux is an anticoagulant that acts by inhibiting | Factor Xa more than factor II | Both factor Xa and factor II equally | Only factor Xa | Only factor II | 2c | multi | Fondaparinux is a synthetic congener of Heparin containing only active pentasaccharide unit and inhibits only Xa. It doesn't inhibit thrombin (factor II a). | Pharmacology | null |
ca961b99-1db2-4d00-83f8-2f7050477d15 | CD-10 is seen in- | ALL | CLL | HCL | CML | 0a | multi | In acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, immunophenotyping pre B cell type: typically positive for pan-B cell markers CD19,CD10,CD9a. Reference textbook of Pathology 7th edition author Harsha Mohan page number 354 | Pathology | Haematology |
872b280b-6249-4bbd-96b7-07c9fa7efce7 | All of the following are true about Berry aneurysm except: | Most common type of intracranial aneurysm | Most common site is anterior communicating aery-anterior cerebral junction | Rupture of aneurysm usually occurs at the apex or dome | Surgical clipping is preferred over endovascular coil occlusion | 3d | multi | Berry aneurysm Most common type of intracranial aneurysm Most common site is anterior communicating aery-anterior cerebral junction in Circle of Willis Rupture of aneurysm usually occurs at the apex or dome Endovascular coil occlusion is preferred over Surgical clipping | Surgery | Cerebrovascular Diseases |
e5693c3d-9d58-43f3-a76f-4f97188c6aba | Lymphatics from the spongy urethra drain into which of the following lymph nodes: | Sacral nodes | Deep inguinal nodes | Internal inguinal nodes | Superficial inguinal nodes | 1b | single | Lymphatics from glans penis, prostatic urethra, spongy urethra and superficial inguinal nodes drains into deep inguinal lymph nodes. Ref: Grant's Atlas of Anatomy By A M R Agur, 13th Edition, Page 233 | Anatomy | null |
31c3b711-1a93-447b-b56b-7553fbb48dcc | X-rays findings of Fibrous Dysplasia is: | Ground glass density | Calcifications | Coical thickening | Bony expansion | 0a | single | Ground glass density | Radiology | null |
dc386be2-36fe-470c-9e93-74170ae833ee | Pigbel is caused by: | Echinococcus | T. saginata | Clostridium perfringens | Clostridium tetani | 2c | single | Pigbel is caused by by Clostridium perfringens. C. perfringens produces clinical syndromes as follows: a) Necrotizing enteritis/Pigbel Due to contaminated meat products. Incubation Period- 8-24 hrs. Involves Heat labile enterotoxin but spores are heat resistant. (b) Food poisoning (c) Soft tissue infections (d) Septice... | Microbiology | Systemic Bacteriology (Gram Positive Bacilli, Gram Negative Bacilli) |
e88c57b5-8d47-48ac-9228-fd7f54a64023 | All of the following are Preleukemic conditions, Except: | Paroxysmal Nocturnal Haemoglobinuria (PNH) | Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobinuria (PCH) | Myelodysplasia | Aplastic anemia | 1b | multi | Answer is B (Paroxysmal Cold Haemoglobinuria (PCH)) Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria (PCH) is a benign self-limiting autoimmune hemolytic anemia. PCH does not undergo leukemic transformation and is hence not considered a Preleukemic condition. Recovery is the rule in Paroxysmal Cold Hemoglobinuria. Paroxysmal Nocturnal H... | Medicine | null |
665355bf-9ec6-468e-893a-6b294604025a | Carcinoma cervix presents with: | Postcoital bleed | Abnormal vaginal bleed | Purulent discharge per vaginam | All of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D. All of the aboveCarcinoma cervix has a bimodal peak one at 30-35 yrs and a second peak at 50-55 yrs. Presentation is typically abnormal vaginal bleeding -- in reproductive age group with metrorrhagia and in postmenopausal women with postmenopausal bleeding. There can be a cervical growth which can lead to postc... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Antepartum Haemorrhage |
2f4747c0-8aba-44f6-9c79-0b11b8b7b266 | Delirium tremens is characterized by confusion associated with: | Autonomic hyperactivity and tremors | Features of intoxication due to alcohol | Sixth nerve palsy | Karsakoff psychosis | 0a | single | A i.e. Autonomic Hyperactivity & tremors | Psychiatry | null |
7b355652-65fa-49bb-814b-b80060654dfa | H pylori - | Gram - ye nonflagellate spiral organism | Obligate parasite on gastric mucosa | Does not infect duodenal mucosa | Antibiotics not effective | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. Obligate parasite on gastric mucosa H. pylori, though initially infects the gastric mucosa only, may later on infect the duodenal mucosa. the process is as follows : Infection of gastric mucosa leads to hypergastrinemia and acid hypersecretion. Acid hypersecretion leads to metaplasia in the duodenal mu... | Surgery | null |
87271b6f-485e-40c6-905d-95dfcbc85f23 | The bowel can get strangulated in all of the following space except - | Rectouterine pouch | lleocolic recess | Paraduodenal recess | Omental bursa | 0a | multi | Omental bursa, Paraduodenal recess and ileocolic recess are Peritoneal recesses.
Peritoneal recesses
These are small pockets of the peritoneal cavity enclosed by small, inconstant folds of the peritoneum. These are best observed in fetuses and are mostly obliterated in adults.
Sometimes they persist to form potentia... | Surgery | null |
815ba2a7-eb3c-43d1-a2ad-122cc9084ef3 | Embrasure clasp are usually used in cases of | Class I cases with modifications | Class II cases with modifications | Class III cases without modifications | All of the above | 2c | multi | In the fabrication of an unmodified Class II or Class III partial denture, there are no edentulous spaces on the opposite side of the arch to aid in clasping. Mechanically, this is a disadvantage. However, when the teeth are sound and retentive areas are available or when multiple restorations are justified, clasping c... | Dental | null |
69e2ab08-f073-459b-a56e-070bb451a9f0 | Several of the older patients in your practice intend to pursue exercise programs. They have no cardiac symptoms, but some do have vascular risk factors such as diabetes or hypertension. In these patients, which of the following is true about exercise electrocardiography? | it is an invasive procedure | it is contraindicated in patients over 65 years of age | it detects latent disease | it has a morbidity of approximately 5% | 2c | multi | Exercise electrocardiography represents an increasingly popular noninvasive method for early detection of latent ischemic heart disease. As with other diagnostic tests, the exercise ECG is of most clinical value when the pretest probability of disease is moderate (i.e., 30-70%). In men over 40 and women over 50 who pla... | Medicine | C.V.S. |
eb9fa193-fcb3-43cc-a687-3e1bef2dacbc | True regarding PPH | Type B lynch suture used | With new advances both atonic and traumatic PPH can be reduced | More common in multipara and Associated with polyhydramnios both | All or the above | 3d | multi | Ans. is a, b and c i.e. Type B lynch suture used; With new advances both atonic and traumatic PPH can be reduced; More common in multipara; and Associated with polyhydramnios PPH is more common in multipara due to laxed abdomen and associated factors like adherent placenta and anemia . Overdistension of uterus as in mu... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
16d33309-63c0-49b6-b4eb-cb18c78929a4 | A 60–year old diabetic patient has an uneventful phacoemulsification with IOL implantation. He presented with pain, diminished vision, redness, watering and a greyish yellow pupillary reflex on the third postoperative day. Examination revealed circumcorneal congestion, aqueous cells 4+, hypopyon in the anterior chamber... | Keratitis | Glaucoma | Endophthalmitis | Postoperative cyclitis | 2c | single | Painful red eye with diminution of vision along with evidence of aqueous flare, hypopyon and loss of normal red reflex, three days after cataract surgery suggests a diagnosis of Acute Postoperative Endophthalmitis. | Ophthalmology | null |
9df47b70-b68b-4383-bc3c-0b721ffe1d33 | vWF is used as a marker for | Angiosarcoma | Polycythemia vera | Leukemia | Option not recalled | 0a | multi | Ans. A. AngiosarcomaExplanationThe vWF is the least sensitive of the vascular markers and is positive in 50% to 75% of vascular tumors.von Willebrand factor (vWF):It is a glycoprotein produced uniquely by endothelial cells and megakaryocytes, is routinely used to identify vessels in tissue sections.Vessel density in tu... | Pathology | Blood |
ea32a776-76f9-4b5f-b44a-fcbe94b16fc6 | An ectopic pregnancy is shed as | Decidua vera | Decidua basalis | Decidua capsularis | Decidua rubra | 0a | single | The endometrial lining of the uterus is called decidua during pregnancy, If there is feilization and pregnancy occurs, the decidua differentiated intoDecidua basalis - becomes the maternal poion of the placentaDecidua - capsularis - the thin layer covering the ovumDecidua vera or parietalis - which is the rest of the d... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | All India exam |
cbac1b49-aa5d-480d-ae80-b8c98e61f8c3 | A type of teiary waste water treatment process is - | Reverse osmosis | Sedimentation | Both | Neither | 3d | multi | Sewage treatment Primary treatment : Physical treatment to remove solids (from the liquid) Secondary treatment : Bilogical treatment brought about by aerobic and anaerobic bacteria Teiary treatment : Improving fuher the quality of effluent (advanced waste treatment process), sludge (stabilisation and dewatering), assis... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
cd9030a3-7310-4fe0-a148-f24e7db7a46e | Pseudomyxoma peritonei is seen with - | Mucinous cystadenocarcinoma ovary | Carcinoid appendix | Endometrial carcinoma | Ileal carcinoid | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
31611265-c0ab-43e0-8240-9ea9dcb1a94c | How many days took to form 1mm layer of enamel: | 90 days. | 140 days. | 240 days. | 180 days. | 2c | single | Mean of daily rate of enamel formation – 3.5µm/day to 4µm/day
So to form 1mm thickness total approximately 240 days needed. | Dental | null |
dd65a265-9e6f-43fd-92da-1ccc13ebb5d1 | Asthma is which type of hypersensitivity? | Type -1 hypersensitivity | Type -2 hypersensitivity | Type -3 hypersensitivity | Type -4 hypersensitivity | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Type -1 hypersensitivity HypersensitivityType I (IgE mediated)Type II (IgG IgM and complement mediated)o Eczemao Blood transfusion reactionso Hay fevero Erythroblastosis fetaliso Asthmao Autoimmune hemolytic anemia or thrombocytopenia or agmulocytosiso Atopyo Pemphigus vulgariso Urticariao Good pastur... | Pathology | Hypersensitivity Reactions: Immune-Mediated Injury |
750c5de4-b593-43b6-9e13-169fb08a5485 | This is which Endotracheal tube:- | Flexometallic tube | Laser tube | RAE tube | Double lumen tube | 1b | multi | LASER TUBE USED FOR LASER SURGERY Laser Resistant Endotracheal Tubes The most frequent laser related complication is airway fire. Laser Resistant ETTs are used to prevent airway fires during laser surgery of the airway. Initially, fires are located on surface of ETT and cause thermal injury to tissues. If the fire burn... | Anaesthesia | Airway |
29ba8b77-ce34-488a-abcc-c4224e50fa23 | Oral evidence is more impoant than written testimony as: | Oral evidence cannot be cross-examined | Oral evidence can be cross-examined | Documentary evidence requires no proof | None | 1b | multi | Oral evidence is more superior to documentary evidence, as the witness can be cross examined. Doctor's repo is accepted only when he comes and deposes oral evidence in the cou ( S. 45 IEA). Exceptions to oral evidence: Dying declaration. Expe opinion given in a book or treatise. Evidence of doctor recorded in a lower C... | Forensic Medicine | Indian Legal system, Legal sections & Cou procedures |
c4946dde-f87a-4d98-80fd-c42f99f79648 | Most common anterior mediastinal tumour? | Thymoma | Neurofibroma | Pericardial cyst | Bronchogenic cyst | 0a | single | The designation "thymoma" is restricted to tumors of thymic epithelial cells. Such tumors typically also contain benign immature T cells. The tumors usually occur in adults older than 40 years of age; thymomas are rare in children. Males and females are affected equally. Most arise in the anterior superior mediastinum,... | Pathology | FMGE 2019 |
93e7eecd-c5c0-4d02-bf94-1a07a3db34b4 | Tumor suppressor gene is not involved in ? | Breast cancers | Neurofibromatosis | Multiple endocrine neoplasia | Retinoblastoma | 2c | single | o Multiple endocrine neoplasia involves RET protooncogene (not tumor suppressor gene). | Biochemistry | null |
42982222-1122-4b31-b8ad-d303c5125f74 | A person was found dead with bluish green frothy discharge at the angle of mouth and nostrils. What is the diagnosis? | Arsenic poisoning | Copper poisoning | Mercury poisoning | Lead poisoning | 1b | single | Clinical Features Acute Poisoning Ingestion: * Metallic taste,* Increased salivation * Colicky abdominal pain * Nausea and vomiting. Vomitus is bluish or greenish in color * Diarrhea * Myalgia * Pancreatitis * Methemoglobinemia * Hemolysis * Jaundice * Oliguria and renal failure * Convulsions * Delirium * Coma. Inhalat... | Forensic Medicine | Poisoning |
3cbc68e7-f27c-4339-aa66-0e9fbb8db491 | Near double stranded DNA among the following | Hepatitis A | Hepatitis B | Hepatitis C | Hepatitis D | 1b | single | (B) Hepatitis B # Genome of HBV is made of circular DNA, but it is unusual because the DNA is not fully double-stranded.> One end of the full length strand is linked to the viral DNA polymerase.> The genome is 3020-3320 nucleotides long. | Microbiology | Misc. |
e0d01b59-1d6b-4370-a61f-3ee31d27e7e9 | Voyeurism is punished under | 354 A IPC | 354 B IPC | 354 C IPC | 354 D IPC | 2c | single | Refer the byte "Legal sections". | Forensic Medicine | null |
3a938ac1-5eed-45cb-8e4b-23891900a986 | Which of the following enzymes unwind DNA? | Ligase | DNA primase | Helicase | DNA polymerase | 2c | single | Helicases are enzymes that bind and may even remodel nucleic acid or nucleic acid-protein complexes. There are DNA and RNA helicases. DNA helicases are essential during DNA replication because they separate double-stranded DNA into single strands allowing each strand to be copied Ref-Sathyanarayana 4/e p401 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
cadaed76-a710-49b5-a37d-abc7248ca2cf | NOT a feature of trachoma: | Corneal opacity | Chalazion | Entropion | Herbe's pits | 1b | single | Clinical features of trachoma - Lacrimation Photophobia Red eyes Hall mark - Sago grain follicles Herbe's pits seen Arlt's line on upper palpebral conjunctiva seen - sub conjunctival line of fibrosis Arlt's triangle seen in anterior uveitis - lower 1.3rd of the corneal endothelium where Keratic Precipitates settle due ... | Ophthalmology | FMGE 2018 |
efe0b5f6-5281-4413-b5b3-7838ac367e6f | All are given for management of burns EXCEPT? | Hypotonic solutions | Albumin | 25% dextrose | Hartmann solution/ATLS | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) Hypotonic solutionsRef: Sabiston 19th ed. /530-33 | Surgery | Initial Care of the Burn Patient |
d6ff563c-5f17-4d39-9def-b1f672e809f6 | Most common site of Curling's ulcer | Ileum | Stomach | Duodenum | Esophagus | 2c | single | Duodenum [Ref Robbins 7/e p819; Curling's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer of the duodenum described in 1842 by Curling as a complication of burns. Cushing's ulcer is acute peptic ulcer of stomach, duodenum and esophagus seen in intracranial injury, operations or tumor. | Anaesthesia | null |
234d09c6-ba3b-471e-9c19-af7e575b2381 | Parts of some human skeletal remains are brought to you. The pelvis is complete, yet the individual bones of the pelvis, the ilium, ischium, and pubis have just staed to fuse together. The subpubic angle you estimate at 60deg and the pelvic brim has a distinctive hea shaped appeareance. On the basis of this information... | 3-year-old female | 4-year-old male | 14-year-old male | 30-year-old female | 2c | single | Because the sub- pubic angle is about 60deg and the pelvic brim is hea shaped, you are look ing at a male. The bones of the pelvis arise from three different centers of ossification and generally fuse together at about pubey through the twenty-third year, thus you know you have to be looking at a 14-year-old male, not ... | Surgery | null |
344c4767-4ee1-4ab1-a7f0-090cdc83730e | Nodular glomerulosclerosis is pathognomic for: September 2009 | Antiphospholipid syndrome | Goodpasture's syndrome | Renal amyloidosis | Diabetic nephropathy | 3d | single | Ans. D: Diabetic nephropathy The constellation of renal changes attributed to Diabetes mellitus are- Armanni-Ebstein lesion, aerionephrosclerosis, aeriolonephrosclerosis, chronic interstitial nephritis, diabetic glomerulosclerosis, fatty changes in renal tubules, glomerulonephritis, Kimmelstiel-Wilson disease--focal an... | Medicine | null |
4e702680-fb68-4328-a0c0-3c071931c65f | Fluid levels are not visible in - | Meconeum ileus | Intussusception | Colon pouch | Duodenal obstruction | 0a | single | Answer is 'a' i.e. Meconeum ileus In meconium ileus meconium is so thick that it is unable to form air-fluid level desptie complete small intestinal obstruction (Note the multiple air-fluid level is a feature of mechanical small bowel obstruction & paralytic ileus). | Surgery | null |
42208db7-4760-48c8-b07a-7e60c1e364db | A neonate with doughy soft lump in neck causing distortion of face and audible grunt. Diagnosis is: | Cystic hygroma | Brachial cyst | Sternocleidomastoid Tumor | Birth injury | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Cystic hygroma.* Cystic hygroma is a form of Lymphangioma caused by benign aberrant development of lymphatics and presents at birth with airway obstruction.* Imaging with USG, CT scan or MRI can identify the extent of lesion and surgery is required. (EXIT Procedure). Doxycycline, ethanol and sildenafil are Scl... | Pediatrics | Miscellaneous |
b10effd2-c17d-4e05-99f5-1ecd2d35c0ef | In reflux nephropathy, glomerular lesion is- | Focal GN. | Membranous G.N. | Membrano proliferative G.N. | Minimal change disease | 0a | single | null | Pathology | null |
838221f5-e93b-48e0-a053-aac1bddcf996 | Minimum antenatal visit as per MCH is ? | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 4 | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
3afb23ab-3857-4201-b203-a28ed72b4baa | What is the treatment of Choice for Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura? | Blood transfusion | Steroids | IV immunoglobin | Splenectomy | 0a | single | Ans. (a) SteroidsRef: Surgery Sixer 3rd Edition page 724Medical Treatment of ITP* The treatment of choice is medical- oral prednisolone 1mg/kgproduces dramatic response in 50-70% cases.* Intravenous immunoglobin is indicated for internal bleeding.Refractory ITP* Failure of initial therapy mentioned above.* Rituximab gi... | Surgery | Spleen |
a3f5bb6c-0e31-41ec-a2db-fd23b80bd585 | Normal value of tear film break-up time | 5-10 seconds | 10-15 seconds | 15-30 seconds | > 35 seconds | 2c | single | Tear Film break-up time:
It is the interval between a complete blink and appearance of first randomly disributed dry spot on the cornea.
Normal value - 15-35 seconds. | Ophthalmology | null |
c6ca97a4-8030-49f8-a85c-98e4127470b5 | Not a diagnostic/defining criteria for amnestic disorder | Visual hallucination | Transient delusion | Impaired concentration/attention | All | 3d | multi | A i.e. Visual hallucination; B i.e. Transient delusion; C i.e. Impaired concentration/attention For diagnosis DSM IV requires Development of memory impairment as manifested by impaired ability to learn new information or the inability to recall previously learned informationQ. Memory disturbance causes significant impa... | Psychiatry | null |
c086efe7-beca-4176-aeb8-6a489d3eafac | The following host tissue responses can be seen in acute inflammation, except? | Exudation | Granuloma formation | Vasodilation | Margination | 1b | multi | Granuloma formation occurs in chronic inflammation. | Pathology | null |
c7139a9d-35f3-4083-a34b-c2afeb2d5b60 | Which of the following is a maker of Paget's disease of the mammary gland? | CEA | S- 100 | HMB 45 | Neuron specific enolase | 0a | single | Neoplastic cells in Paget's disease of mammary glands express markers CEA, CK 7 and GCDFP 15. The neoplastic cells also express androgen receptors and HER2/neu. Paget's disease of the nipple is a superficial manifestation of an underlying breast carcinoma. In most cases tumor cells have spread to the skin of the nipple... | Surgery | null |
49f1e397-4d3e-404c-bdb0-b570b2155938 | Rigor mois appears last in: March 2012 | Eyelids | Neck | Lower limb | Toes | 3d | single | Ans: D i.e. Toes Rigor mois first appears in the involuntary muscles; the myocardium. It begins in eyelids, neck and lower jaw and passes upwards to the muscle of the face, and downwards to the muscles of the chest, upper limbs, abdomen and lower limbs and lastly in the finger and toes | Forensic Medicine | null |
b7297ddd-e12e-48ee-b715-693836b03fd2 | Superior oblique muscle performs action of: | Intoion | Extoion | Elevation | Medial rotation | 0a | single | A i.e. Intoion | Ophthalmology | null |
e45d1003-936c-4ac7-8735-c12202d5a8a4 | Eustachian tube opens into which part of tympanic cavity? | Medial | Lateral | Anterior | Posterior | 2c | single | null | Unknown | null |
9289f230-4d28-4346-876b-6e623410f295 | Centriole is absent in | Liver | Spleen | Intestine | Kidney | 0a | single | (Liver) (37-Ganong 23rd), Centrioles in hepatocytes cellular and molecular life sciences vol-24, Number 11, 1157-59, DOI 10; 1007/BFO 214785Centrioles which are small cytoplasmic bodies of about 150-200 nm in diameter and 300-350 nm in length concerned with organization in the spindle during cell division have rarely b... | Physiology | General |
b0e07342-48df-4091-96cd-3d1fe70cd841 | True statements about local anaesthesia – a) It inhibits the generation of action potentialb) Unmyelinated thin fibers are most susceptible than myelinated large fibersc) Toxicity is reduced by addition of vasoconstrictord) Blocks all modalities of sensation at the same time | ac | bc | ad | b | 0a | multi | Local anesthetics block generation and conduction of nerve impulse (action potential).
Myelinated fibers are more susceptible than nonmyelinated fibers and small fibers are more sensitive than large fibers.
Addition of vasconstrictor decreases systemic absorption and toxicity.
All modalities of sensation are not blocke... | Anaesthesia | null |
6a04691f-2d79-46dc-94b4-4ac86481fcec | Not true about clofazamine ? | Used in DLE | Causes ichthyosis and hyperpigmentation | Interferes DNA synthesis | Used in lepra reaction | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Used in DLE o Clofazimine interferes with template function of DNA, is used in lepra reaction and can cause icthyosis and hyperpigmentation. | Pharmacology | null |
9c3d4a2b-96c1-4347-8b74-42561ac1abfe | A space maintainer is least indicated for premature loss of a: | Primary maxillary first molar | Primary mandibular first molar | Primary mandibular central incisor | Primary maxillary central incisor | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
a0070263-ffd4-45c3-a2d9-cae53556b978 | Rinsing of eye with water causes blurring of vision. Which of the following is the TRUE cause of blurring? | Elimination of refraction through cornea | Extra refraction through water | Impurities of water | Speed of light is more through water | 0a | multi | Corneal refractive power is substantial in air but viually eliminated when the eye is under water. Under water, the divergent refraction by the cornea is small since the media on its both sides (water outside and anterior chamber liquid inside) have refractive indices not greatly different from that of the cornea itsel... | Ophthalmology | null |
2eede6c8-bf32-4f85-9cd5-723404e27538 | In a pregnant lady with hyperthyroidism , the safest drug to be used is - | Propylthiouracil | Methimazole | Carbimazole | Lugols Iodine | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Propylthiouracil * Propylthiouracil is the DOC for hyperthyroidism in pregnancy.* Methimazole and carbimazole used in early pregnancy have been associated with esophageal and choanal atresia, aplasia cutis, and fetal agranulocytosis.* Graves' disease is the MC cause of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy.* H... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
cab7ac65-4ff8-4879-a43c-469352dc912a | S4 is seen in all of the following, Except: | Thyrotoxicosis | Acute MI | Atrial fibrillation | Hyperophic cardiomyopathy | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Atrial Fibrillation) Atrial contraction must be present for production of' S4. It is absent in atrial fibrillation. Thyrotoxicosis. Acute MI, and Hyperophic cardiomyopathy are all associated with pathological fouh Hea sound (S4). Fouh Hea Sound (S4): Low frequency sound (low pitched)Q It is a diastolic hea... | Medicine | null |
a99f0d08-428c-4e26-afb7-f0e30da48953 | Which of the following is not a prion disease | Bovine spongiform encephalopathy | Transmissible mink encephalopathy | Scrapie | Progressive multifocal leucoencephalopathy | 3d | single | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy is a human infection caused by a papova virus. Ref: Baveja textbook of microbiology; 4th edition. | Microbiology | Virology |
a6eba555-444f-4d5e-8906-79d44532bfa0 | The drug which may inhibit P450 for warfarin is which one of the following: | Cimetidine | Ethanol | Rifampicin | Procainamide | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
4df6a161-3784-403d-87f7-82e37f08738c | Chemotherapeutic drug effective in the treatment of epithelial ovarian cancer is:a) Carboplatinb) Paclitaxelc) Cyclophosphamided) Methotrexate karnatka | ac | a | ab | bc | 2c | single | Role of Chemotherapy in Epithelial ovarian tumors | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
81efd66d-cbaa-45e8-a44d-1bf0d3c08c0b | What is the most likely diagnosis for this 19-month-old girl who presented with a 1-week history of an ascending erythematous eruption? | Cellulitis | Hand, foot, and mouth disease | Herpes zoster | Lymphadenitis | 2c | single | Answer C. Herpes zosterThe results of a scraping from the base of several vesicles were positive for the varicella-zoster virus. The lesions resolved within 2 weeks of treatment with acyclovir. Herpes zoster is unusual in persons younger than 10 years of age, and when it does occur in this age group, the lesions have a... | Medicine | Infection |
a511de52-273b-4377-9bf4-fe1a5e1c678f | A 42-year-old man presents with central, crushing chest pain that radiates to the jaw. The pain occurred while jogging around the local park. The pain was alleviated with rest. The ECG is normal. Diagnosis is? | Angina pectoris | Acute Pericarditis | STEMI | NSTEMI | 0a | multi | Ans. A Angina pectorisRef CMDT 2019 pg. 369The patient is having chest pain on jogging which is a presentation of chronic stable Angina. It is aggravated by cold, by anxiety, and by exercise. In the case of a normal resting ECG, an exercise ECG should be obtained. All other choices present with chest pain on rest. | Physiology | Nervous System |
5345b7f6-09d2-4cd3-a84d-6e472beb4eee | Alopecia areata is a/ an - | Autoimmune disorder | Allergic disorder | Anaphylactic disorder | Bacterial infection | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Autoimmune disorder Pathogenesis of alopecia areata1. Autoimmunityo Current evidence suggests that alopecia areata is caused by an abnormality in the immune system. This particular abnormality leads autoimmunity. As a result, body's own immune system attacks the hair follicles and disrupts normal hair... | Skin | Alopecia |
d1f40951-5d1e-4651-9d0f-9cfe96dec804 | Allergic BPA which kind of hypersensitivity reaction - | Type I | Type II | Type III | Type IV | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Type I {Ref: Robbia's 9th/ep. 683] | Unknown | null |
8bb1ad2d-37ce-4732-bab5-ebd44c6ec59f | Cerebellar connection to other parts of the brain is projected through which cell - | Golgi cells | Basket cells | Purkinje cells | Oligodendrocytes | 2c | single | The axons of purkinje cells are the only output through cerebellar cortex.
However, it should be kept in mind that the output from the cerebellum is through deep nuclei, purkinje cells axons generally pass to deep nuclei. | Anatomy | null |
3af14c57-8fdf-4d1a-87fe-d8946d9083b8 | All the following occur in hemostasis except ? | Vasospams of blood vessel | Platelet plug formation | Dissolution of clot by plasmin | None | 3d | multi | Ans. is None o All the processes from vosoconstriction to dissolution of clot are the pa of hemostasis. | Pathology | null |
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