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a02aa430-9053-4f18-ae5e-f3e6d3880bbe | The most important investigation in the given case to diagnose if the condition is a neoplasm? | JAK-2 | EPO level | PaO2 | Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy | 0a | single | Ans. (a) JAK-2The figure shows increased platelets in smear and increased megakaryocytes in bone marrow. To diagnose this as essential thrombocythemia (neoplasm); JAK-2 mutation analysis should be done. | Pathology | Misc. (W.B.C) |
3601e6a4-5888-49f2-9cb6-67b4589a2efb | World diabetes day is celebrated on - | 8th may | 8th march | 14th November | 1st december | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 14th November* 8th may - world red cross day* 8th march - international womens day* 14th november - world diabetes day* 1st december - world AIDS day | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non-Communicable Diseases |
65408e88-2c5d-4a4e-9306-16c386ba94eb | An anesthetic agent with boiling temperature more than 75 C is | Ether | Halothane | Cyclopropane | Methoxyflurane | 3d | single | Refer Anesthesiology by Longnecker 2008/777 Boiling point of methoxyflurane is 104,7 degree Celsius whereas other flurrinated anesthetics have boiling point between 50 C and 60 C | Pharmacology | Anesthesia |
e12ca8ba-526e-4dd3-93f9-1687b9de87d8 | Takayam test is used for? | To know the nature of stain | To know the species | For blood grouping | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e. To know the nature of stain o It is a microchemical test to know the nature of stain.Microchemical tests: These tests are based on property of haem part of hemoglobin to form characteristic coloured crystals.1) Teichmann's haemin crystal test2) Takayama hemochromogen crystal test3) Luminal spray test: ... | Forensic Medicine | Identification - Medicolegal aspects |
56346f51-cfe9-4a71-b456-a12e7bacc6bd | Treatment of choice in desmoid tumours is - | Irradiation | Wide excision | Local excision | Local excision following radiation | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
c759e77f-7628-4931-b481-aa497e17c78c | A small Ca2+ binding protein that modifies the activity of many enzymes and other proteins m response to changes in Ca2+ concentration, is known as | Cycline | Calmodulin | Collagen | Kinesin | 1b | multi | Calmodulin is a calcium-binding regulatory protein, with a molecular weight of 17,000 daltonsIt can bind with 4 calcium ionsCalcium binding leads to activation of enzymes. It is a pa of various regulatory kinasesRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 503, 504 | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
6e5c4ea0-c0f3-42a6-990a-60e76a6d0d38 | Dead space is reduced in tracheostomy by | 5-10% | 15-20% | 20-30% | 30 - 50% | 3d | single | Airflow resistance of the normal upper airway is substantial, constituting up to 80% of total airway resistance during nose breathing and 50% during mouth breathing.Theoretically, tracheostomy tubes should decrease airflow resistance, but in fact, this does not occur because of the smaller radius (inner diameter 7-8 mm... | Microbiology | All India exam |
675fed7f-41d4-48c1-afa6-3d05607ef9b6 | S/E of diethyl stilbesterol when used in pregnant woman- | Deep vein thrombosis in pregnant woman | Feminization of external genitalia of male offspring | Infeility and development of vaginal carcinoma in female offspring | Virilization of the external genitalia of female offspring | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Infeility and development vaginal carcinoma in female offspring Stilbestrol given to pregnant women Increased risk of vaginal and cervical carcinoma in the female offspring in childhood or early adulthood. | Pharmacology | null |
7d317f2e-cfde-4d93-9b4a-8ce29283cc15 | ASA -3 is | Comorbidities with minimal limitation | Comorbidities with moderate limitation | Comorbidities which are constant threat to life | No comorbidities | 1b | single | ASA grade 3 is when comorbidities are present and make patient symptomatic often. | Anaesthesia | null |
c3612ca4-cd68-4f9f-a691-4174b60ccfc9 | Lesion not seen in Lepromatous leprosy is:- | Macule | Papule | Nodule | Vesicle | 3d | single | Lepromatous leprosy The first clinical manifestations are usually dermal (because early nerve involvement is usually asymptomatic) Leonine facies occur due to diffuse involvement of the facial skin Early symptoms Nasal symptoms of stuffiness, discharge and epistaxis, and oedema of legs and ankles due to increased capil... | Dental | Mycobacterial Infections |
8ad2709a-af97-4328-8c8c-e8b6cf6c6ba3 | The conversion of optically pure isomer (enantiomer) into a mixture of equal amounts of both dextro and levo forms is called as | Polymerization | Stereoisomerization | Racemization | Fractionation | 2c | multi | Depending on the rotation, molecules are called dextrorotatory (+) (d) or levorotatory (-) (l). Thus D-glucose is dextrorotatory but D-fructose is levorotatory. Equimolecular mixture of optical isomers has no net rotation (racemic mixture) or Racemization Ref: Textbook of Biochemistry for Medical Students, 7E (DM Vasud... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
9bb82660-2395-45ab-ac2d-e4c8fb998b92 | When a homicide case comes to a doctor, he has to inform police. This comes under which section? | 39 Crpc | 27 Crpc | 174 Crpc | 176 Crpc | 0a | single | Every person, aware of the Commission of ceain offences shall give information to the nearest Magistrate or police officer.This comes under 39 Crpc section. Examples of such offences are: Offences relating to adulteration of food and drugs, etc Offences affecting life (302, 303, 304 IPC) Offence relating to kidnapping ... | Forensic Medicine | Legal sections |
e755fd81-d3f1-467b-bc2c-f9bb3d0b818b | Post-dural puncture headache is typically ? | A result of leakage of blood into the epidural space | Worse when lying down than in sitting position | Bifrontal or occipital | Seen within 4 hours of dural puncture | 2c | multi | Ans is 'c' i.e. Bifrontal or occipital Characteristics of post lumbar puncture Headache Cause - There is loss of C.S.F which decreases the brains suppoive cushion so that when a patient is upright there is dilatation and tension placed on brain's anchoring structures and the pain sensitive dural sinuses, resulting in p... | Surgery | null |
9c20eba0-1614-4dd2-8654-a1545b4338ce | The glomus tumor invasion of jugular bulb is diagnosed by | Carotid angiography | Veebral venousvenography | X-ray | Jugular venography | 3d | single | MRI - gives soft tissue extent of tumor; Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) shows compression of the carotid aery whereas magnetic resonance venography shows invasion of jugular bulb by the tumor. | ENT | null |
7793833f-c1dc-4b40-ad8b-972c11ea31e1 | Chemically steroids are derivatives of | Cholesterol | Ergosterol | Fatty acids | Perhydrocyclopentanophenantherene | 0a | multi | Cholesterol is first acted upon by desmolasw and a 6 carbon unit is cleaved off, forming pregnenoloneProgesterone is the first steroid hormone formed from pregnenoloneProgesterone is fuher conveed in to glucocoicoids, mineralocoicoids and sex steroids Ref: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 664, 665 | Biochemistry | Endocrinology |
23939a47-1320-48f9-8f38-4d76e6fe4376 | Toxin production by Corynebacterium diphtheria is due to ? | Chromosomal mutation | Presence of plasmid | Lysogenic conversion | Transformation | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lysogenic conversion o The toxigenicity of the diphtheria bacilli depends on the presence in it of corynephages (tox +). Nontoxigenic strains may be rendered toxigenic by infecting them with beta phage or some other larger phage. This is known as lysogenic conversion or phage conversion. | Microbiology | Corynebacterium |
c8ccab30-878e-40c8-9565-970d74f7c503 | Azoospermia is seen in which syndrome - | Kartagener syndrome | Young syndrome | Both | None | 1b | multi | Young's syndrome, also known as azoospermia sinopulmonary infections, sinusitis-infertility syndrome and Barry-Perkins-Young syndrome, is a rare condition that encompasses a combination of syndromes such as bronchiectasis, rhinosinusitis and reduced fertility. In individuals with this syndrome, the functioning of the l... | Pathology | null |
23ee37ae-7506-4536-8090-9e3a7022ba0b | Which is the rarest type of von Willebrand disease? | vWD type 1 | vWD type 2A | vWD type 2N | vWD type 3 | 3d | single | Type III vWD is the rarest type of von Willebrand disease. It result from the inheritance of a mutant vWF gene from both parents. TYPES OF vBD: Condition Defect vWD type 1 Mild to moderate quantitative deficiency of vWF (i.e., about 20-50% of normal levels). vWD type 2A The most common qualitative abnormality of vWF se... | Medicine | Platelet & Coagulation disorders |
a4929cc9-1460-4b7e-84f7-d98b1d7c1fd5 | chelioscopy is the study of - | Foot prints | Palatal prints | Finger prints | Lip prints | 3d | single | Lip prints | Unknown | null |
1b045676-aba6-43eb-8670-9c3c4bd60a7a | Anatomical closure of ductus arteriosus occurs at – | Birth | 3–4 day | 10th day | 30th day | 2c | single | Circulatory adjustments at birth
These are brought about because of a shift from placental dependance for gas exchange in the fetus to pulmonary gas exchange in the neonate.
1) Pulmonary circulation
Immediately after birth lungs expand due to the first few breaths of the neonate.
This causes a fall in pulmonary vas... | Pediatrics | null |
9cac582d-668e-4040-ae2e-f0029f21aef8 | Rheumatoid factor is directed against- | IgG | IgD | IgM | IgA | 0a | single | harshmohan textbook of pathology *detection of circulating autoantibody called rheumatoid factor against Fc poion of autologous IgG in about 80% of cases | Pathology | General pathology |
fe85c253-98e1-4223-96c6-f2898dda42b7 | Most sensitive investigation for air embolism is | Decreased tidal volume of CO2 | Decreased tidal volume of NO2 | Doppler ultrasound | Central Venous Presure | 2c | single | C i.e. Doppler Ultrasound | Radiology | null |
e8e43a1c-0e44-40d2-b702-31b139d131e1 | Under the National Programme for Control of Blindness, the goal is to reduce the prevalence of blindness to a level of - | 0.10% | 0.31% | 0.50% | 1% | 1b | single | To reduce prevalence of blindness in population from 1.38% to 0.31% by 2000. Ref- Park&;s textbook of Preventive and social medicine 24th edition. . | Social & Preventive Medicine | Non communicable diseases |
2d3ef985-9423-4bb2-a814-72f686b3f80d | Conjugate vaccine are available for the prevention of invasive disease caused by all of the following bacteria except: | H. influenzae | Strep pneumoniae | Neisseria meningitidis (Group-C) | Neisseria meningitidis (Group-B) | 3d | multi | Ans. (d) Neisseria meningitidis (Group B) Note: Conjugate vaccines are available for: a. Hemophilus influenza B. b. Menigococcal serotypes A, C, Y and W-135. c. Streptococcalpneumoniae(pneumococcus). | Microbiology | null |
1d029dc4-b64f-4e73-ada6-c1deccc87a11 | Which of the following is not required for conversion of acetyl CoA to palmitate? | ATP | Niacin | NADPH | Biotin | 1b | single | The pathway conves acetyl-CoA to palmitate and requires NADPH, ATP, Mn2+, biotin, pantothenic acid, and as cofactors. Ref: Harper 28th edition, chapter 23. | Biochemistry | null |
c396af37-6e38-4458-909a-7e01e91f617b | Nutrient artery to Femur is a branch of | Inferior gluteal Artery | 1st perforating Branch of profunda femoris artery | 2nd perforating Branch of profunda femoris artery | Lateral circumflex femoral artery | 2c | single | Femur gets its nutrient artery from 2nd perforating Branch arising from profunda femoris artery. | Anatomy | null |
c0410138-e961-4d19-a72d-7206d7b8378e | All are stages of anaesthesia except- | Analgesia | Allodynia | Delirium | Surgical anesthesia | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Allodynia o Stages of anaesthesia are Stage of analgesia ( stage 1), stage of delirium or excitment (stage 2), stage of surgical anesthesia (stage 3) and stage of medullary'- paralysis (stage 4).o Guedel described four stages of ether anesthesia known as Guedel stages.Stages of anaesthesiao GAs cause ... | Anaesthesia | Miscellaneous General Anesthesia |
9dee6709-ee80-4c43-8a72-8c7ed477c63a | Kuppuswamy socioeconomic status scale comprises of - | Education, family size and housing | Education, occupation and housing | Income, family size and land holding | Education, occupation and income | 3d | single | Kuppuswamy &;s socio-economic status scale education occupation family income per month (refer pgno:690 park 23 rd edition) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health education & planning |
a3da19ac-1e6f-4c7a-9e90-2ed8b303c71a | Early strict toilet training can result in | Nocturnal enuresis | Encopresis | Night terror | Temper tantrauma | 1b | single | A condition in which a child resists having bowel movements, causing impacted stool to collect in the colon and rectum and lead to leakage. Common causes of this symptom Encopresis can have causes that aren&;t due to underlying disease. Examples include sneezing, constipation, incontinence due to lack of potty training... | Pediatrics | Growth and development |
a78c7831-a623-4742-9165-b892a154a733 | A 60 year female present with tender irreducible mass immediately bellow and lateral to the pubic tubercle. plain abdominal x- ray shows intestinal obstruction | Small bowel carcinoma | Adhesions | Strangulated inguinal hernia | Strangulated femoral hernia | 3d | multi | null | Surgery | null |
9070bbb4-2737-4e7e-9507-0b748683187f | Xray showing air column between soft tissue mass and posterior wall of nasopharynx is suggestive of - | Ethmoidal polyp | Antrochoanal polyp | Nasalmyiasis | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Antrochoanal polyp o On xray.antrochoanal polyp appears as a soft tissue density and shows a column of air between the soft tissue mass and posterior wall of nasopharynx. | ENT | Pharynx |
e6e1fdc1-6f01-434e-8b2d-3567d97741d7 | Salk vaccine is a | Live vaccine | Live attenuated vaccine | Toxoid | Killed vaccine | 3d | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
5b3975fe-ea31-46d6-b56d-037055f01b4b | The daily requirement of Vitamin C is – | 40 mg | 100 mg | 200 mg | 500 mg | 0a | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
85688d21-c255-4a14-bc1d-a9cf6a20d632 | To which of the following family of chemical mediator of inflammation,the lipoxins belong | Kinin system | Cytokines | Chemokines | Arachidonic acid metabolites | 3d | single | ref Robbins 7/e p69 lipoxins are a recent addition to the family of bioactive products generated from arachidonic acid.they have anti inflammatory activity | Anatomy | General anatomy |
a8575d7f-8608-49b1-8237-96a6ab3c3bd6 | Not present in Sideroblastic anaemia is ? | Microcytic anaemia | Decreased transferrin saturation | Sideroblast cells in blood smear film | Ineffective erythropoesis | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Decreased transferrin saturation Sideroblastic anemia Sideroblastic anemia is a type of anemia in which the body has adequate amount of iron but is unable to corporate it into hemoglobin. Pathogensis o The basis defect is a failure to completely form heme molecules, whose biosynthesis takes place paly... | Pathology | null |
9f7047ce-7627-4620-844a-400a258f17c0 | Which of the following tests can differentiate MRKH from testicular feminizing syndrome | 3D USG | MRI | Karyotyping | Serum testosterone levels. | 2c | single | Karyotyping is best to differentiate between MRKH and testicular feminization syndrome. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
508eeccc-697a-4759-aa03-0572166f30b7 | The posterior urethra is best visualized by ? | Static cystogram | Retrograde urethrogram | Voiding cystogram | CT cystogram | 2c | single | Voiding cystourethrography is the best method to visualize posterior urethra. Remember, Urethra can be imaged radiographically in two ways. Anterograde techniques --> Best for visualization of posterior urethra. (This is done along with voiding cystourethrography or with voiding following excretory urography) Retrograd... | Surgery | All India exam |
318f4f82-6a2e-419d-9f65-a63c36a4b346 | Total body iodine is about – | 20 mg | 30 mg | 40 mg | 50 mg | 3d | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
6d349161-54d4-4332-b74c-1ed5b72173a3 | Which nerve is damaged in fracture surgical neck humerus - | Axillary | Radial | Ulnar | Median | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Axillary Complications of fracture surgical neck humeruso Shoulder stiffness.o Axillary nerve is particularly vulnerable, both from the injury and from surgeryo Axillary artery injury o Malunion o Nonunion o Myositis ossificans | Orthopaedics | Fracture of the Humerus |
a1a358e5-39f9-49b0-bf22-4770f726d40a | A herd immunity of over - % is considered necessary to prevent epidemic spread of diphtheria- | 50% | 55% | 60% | 70% | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 70% o A herd immunity of over 70% is considered necessary to prevent epidemic spread, but some believe that the critical level may be as high as 90%.Diphtheriao Diphtheria is an acute infectious disease caused by toxigenic strains of corynebacterium diphtheriae.o Source of infection - cases or carrier... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
bf1f425b-d7e1-4ccf-98db-cc0fdd8237b2 | Drug of choice for schizophrenic patient with poor oral absorption is? | Haloperidol | Fluphenazine | Clozapine | Olanzapine | 2c | single | Clozapine REF: Kaplan and sadock's synopsis in psychiatry 10th ed p. 489-490 Antipsychotics can be categorized into two main groups: the older conventional antipsychotics, which have also been called first-generation antipsychotics or dopamine receptor antagonists (DRA), and the newer drugs, which have been called seco... | Psychiatry | null |
e2a08164-9683-4e7e-b860-771e1e6cda66 | Most common infections after splenectomy are | Capsulated bacteria | Uncapsulated bacteria | Gram positive sepsis | Gram negative bacteria | 0a | single | Oppounist post-splenectomy infection is caused by capsulated bacteria.Post-splenectomy septicaemia may result from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli.Bailey and love 26th edition pg: 1096 | Surgery | G.I.T |
f47a9c8e-38a5-456b-a8a4-8ebc5a4c8de1 | Type of inheritance in MELAS - | AD | AR | Mitochondrial | X-linked | 2c | single | Mitochondrial encephalomyopathy, lactic acidosis, and stroke-like episodes - abbreted to MELAS - is one of the family of mitochondrial cytopathies, which also include MERRF, and Leber's hereditary optic neuropathy. It was first characterized under this name in 1984. A feature of these diseases is that they are caused b... | Pathology | General pathology |
afca78f1-5c3b-4500-9aa8-19b5a988db11 | During bilateral adrenalectomy, intra-operative dose of hydrocoisone should be given after: | Opening the abdomen | Ligation of left adrenal vein | Ligation of right adrenal vein | Excision of both adrenal glands | 3d | multi | Patients undergoing surgical treatment of endogenous hypercoisolism require glucocoicoid replacement. Steroids are not given pre-operatively because these patients are already hypercoisolemic. Instead hydrocoisone 100 mg IV is given after the removal of second hyperplastic adrenal gland. | Surgery | Parathyroid and adrenal glands |
519babb3-7d4b-4387-9173-130244cf5f7f | Which of the following tumors is characterized histologically by pseudopalisading, necrosis, endoneural proliferation, hypercellularity, and atypical nuclei? | Schwannoma | Medulloblastoma | Oligodendroglioma | Glioblastoma multiforme | 3d | multi | The features listed in the question are characteristic of a glioblastoma multiforme. Astrocytomas, the most common primary brain tumors in adults, range from low-grade to very high-grade (glioblastoma multiforme). These grades of astrocytomas include grade I (the least aggressive and histologically difficult to differe... | Pathology | Nervous system |
b23cb368-34ab-4441-b125-186e0b213d25 | Spiral ganglion innervates which cells in the following diagram | A | B | C | D | 0a | single | Ans. (a) A(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.202)Spiral ganglionContains cell bodies of the auditory nerve whose peripheral axons innervate hair cells on the organ of Corti90% to 95% of these sensory neurons innervate the inner hair cells (point A)Only 5-10% innervate the more numerous outer hair cells | Physiology | Nervous System |
c5634663-0a07-470b-a5e1-4022ad8fd119 | A 30 year old male presented with pain in lower extremities, aggravated by walking. He gives the history of cigarette smoking. In this patient prevalence of which histocompatibility antigen is increased? | HLA-B5 | HLA-B8 | HLA-DR2 | HLA-DR3 | 0a | single | The history suggests that the patient is suffering from Buerger disease. There is increased prevalence of HLA-A9 and HLA-B5 in these patients. HLA DISEASE HLA-B8 Myasthenia gravis, Graves Disease HLA-DR2 Narcolepsy HLA-DR3 Myasthenia gravis, Celiac sprue HLA-DR4/DW4 Rheumatoid ahritis | Surgery | null |
e7676b9b-385d-410a-b0d7-e19d90550d7d | Marker of glomus tumor - | CD-57 | Cytokeratin | S-100 | CD-34 | 3d | single | Additional studies using immunohistochemical techniques revealed that malignant glomus tumors are characterized by the presence of MIB-1, p53, Bcl-2, and CD34. Up to 4% of the tumors are functional and produce clinically significant levels of catecholamines, norepinephrine, or dopamine with symptoms mimicking a pheochr... | Pathology | miscellaneous |
5fcc2d7e-dc12-40ea-98f1-cabf9dfcea7b | A patient has small, oval multiple ulcers in oral cavity with red erythematous margins. The diagnosis is: | Carcinoma | Tubercular ulcer | Aphthous ulcer | Syphilitic ulcer | 2c | multi | Aphthous ulcer Small and oval multiple ulcers in oral cavity Has red erythematous margins Syphilitic ulcer Firm, painless, non-itchy skin ulceration Tubercular ulcer Firm, nontender erythematous nodules that soften, ulcerate, and form sinuses. | Surgery | Oral cavity |
0a2fdc07-eba6-4ee3-bf1f-9abedf312506 | Absolute contraindication for IUCD are all except | Pregnancy | Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding | Pelvic inflammatory disease | Uterine malformation | 3d | multi | Absolute contraindications Suspected pregnancy Undiagnosed vaginal bleeding Cancer cervix Previous ectopic pregnancy Relative contraindications Distoions of the uterine cavity due to Congenital malformations Fibroids Anaemia Menorrhagia Reference : Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, Page ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
c0315b82-a9be-498e-8995-008c2c59d508 | Rape is defined under: September 2010 | IPC 375 | IPC 376 | IPC 377 | IPC 378 | 0a | single | Ans. A: IPC-375 IPC-375 defines rape. A man is said to commit "rape" who, except in the case hereinafter excepted, has sexual intercourse with a woman under circumstances falling under any of the six following descriptions: ? First: - Against her will. Secondly: - Without her consent. Thirdly: - With her consent, when ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
317bdb8f-cb7a-4033-bd95-028a30b6bb0b | Which of the following is the most common presenting symptom of non-cirrhotic portal hypertension ? | Chronic liver failure | Ascites | Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | Encephalopathy | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
02f85815-c2d9-40a3-82a7-bd1d8e9ab556 | Least common cause of ambiguous genitalia in female genotype: | 21 hydroxylase deficiency | 11 hydroxylase deficiency | Fetal steroid sulphatase deficiency | WT1 gene | 2c | single | Ans. C. Fetal steroid sulphatase deficiencyRef: Sperojf, 9th/ed, pll9ExplanationPlacental sulfatase deficiency# There is an X-linked metabolic disease characterized by a placental sulfatase deficiency in the syncytiotrophoblast, and postnatally, ichthyosis, occurring in about 1 in 2000-3000 newborn males.# Patients wit... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Sex Intersexuality |
9502bc3d-5d29-46ba-bbd2-4660be9eed1f | Most common malignancy found in Marjolins ulcer is - | BCC | SCC | Malignant fibrous histiocytoma | Malignant melanoma | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., SCC o Malignancy arising in burn scar is k-'a Marjolin s ulcer. It is most commonly squamous cell ca, although basal cell carcinoma may also be seen. | Surgery | Miscellaneous (Neoplasia) |
2d4f3259-c591-4b5d-8c05-b8739d580587 | Babloo a 10-year-old boy presents with # of the humerus. X-ray reveals a lytic lesion at the upper end. Likely condition is | Unicameral bone cyst | Osteosarcoma | Osteoclastoma | Aneurysmal bone cyst | 0a | single | Here, two options are there which are included in the differential diagnosis of the lytic lesion in the proximal humerus, i.e., unicameral bone cyst and aneurysmal bone cyst.
We cannot differentiate between two on the basis of information provided in the question.
However, the best option here is a unicameral bone cyst... | Orthopaedics | null |
85c03ae5-73d8-4f7e-a572-7d0d406e2225 | Most common type cancer gallbladder in a patient with gallstones | Adenocarcinoma | squamous carcinoma | Adenosquamous carcinoma | Liposarcoma | 0a | multi | The most common cancer in a patient with gallstones is adenocarcinoma(90%).Occasionally squamous cell carcinoma,adenosquamous or carcinoid tumour can occur. Reference: SRB&;s manual of surgery,5th edition, page no.659 | Surgery | G.I.T |
e809ad07-6ead-481f-94e0-108570f195ab | All are tocolytics except | Ritodrine | Salbutamol | Isoxsuprine | Misoprostol | 3d | multi | Misoprostol is indicated in cervical ripening prior to Labour whereas tocolytics inhibit uterine contractions and keep the uterus quiescent. Reference: Textbook of Obstetrics : Sheila Balakrishnan pg. 573,196 | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Abnormal labor |
478f8784-73dd-4f46-9337-f0f35cde5ef6 | In body pethysmography, a person is asked to expire against a closed glottis. What will be the change in the pressure in the lung and the box | Increase in both | Decrease n both | Increase in lung decrease in box | Decrease in lung increase in box | 2c | multi | null | Physiology | null |
05ab7dd3-4570-478c-a33e-77d3078e05ff | Frey's Syndrome is due to injury of which of the following nerve branch | Facial Nerve | Trigeminal nerve | Glossopharyngeal nerve | Vagus nerve | 1b | single | * Auriculo temporal nerve is the Post ganglionic parasympathetic nerve which on injury during parotidectomy, results in Gustatory sweating syndrome known as Frey's syndrome after 2-3 months. * Auriculotemporal nerve is the branch of Mandibular division of Trigeminal Nerve( 5th Cranial Nerve) Ref:- Surgery Sixer 3rd Edi... | Surgery | Head and neck |
54fec56d-c7a7-44a1-babe-2da9f8cd84fd | Treatment of choice for carcinoma of lip of lessthan 1 cm is - | Radiation | Chemotherapy | Excision | Radiation and Chemotherapy | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
029017e9-a336-4b9a-bb6e-cb45a7153fd5 | Which of the following is not a teiary amine | Atropine | Hyoscine | Glycopyrolate | Physostigmine | 2c | single | Refer kDT 7/e p 108,113 The structure of teiary and quaternary amine is depicted in the picture As seen in the diagram, quaternary amine are ionized and thus water soluble. These drugs are not able to cross the blood brain barrier Atropine hyoscine and physostigmine are teiary amines (and thus lipid soluble) and can cr... | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
f8f0f856-65d7-40e1-8363-90dcc8e391c5 | Onset of LH surge precedes ovulation by: | 12 hours | 24 hours | 36 hours | 48 hours | 2c | single | LH surge 36 hrs (24- 36 hrs) before ovulation. LH peak 12 hrs before ovulation. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Normal Menstruation, Abnormal Menstruation, Menopausal Physiology and forsight of conception |
54bdae92-1c11-40a3-a4d0-b8881d3ad372 | Rave drug is ? | Cannabis | Cocaine | Heroin | Ecstasy | 3d | single | Rave drugs are ectasy (MDMA), gamma-hydroxybutyrate and rohypnol. | Forensic Medicine | null |
67f82c76-9223-4a75-b1ea-7daccca87f5c | Which of the following is present in Paneth cells? | Zinc | Copper | Molybdenum | Selenium | 0a | single | Paneth cells, located in the basal poion of the intestinal crypts below the stem cells, are exocrine cells with large, eosinophilic secretory granules in their apical cytoplasm. The granules contain the bactericidal enzyme lysozyme, an arginine-rich protein, and zinc. Paneth cell granules undergo exocytosis to release ... | Pathology | null |
8e53c9e0-52bc-47f1-87fe-f7f91153f220 | The following features are hallmarks of postprimary pulmonary tuberculosis except- | It results from endogenous reactivation of latent infection | The disease is usually localized to the anterior segment of the upper lobe | If cavity formation occurs, satellite lesions result from the discharge of liquefied contents into the airways | Up to one-third of untreated patients die due to severe pulmonary TB within a few weeks or months after onset | 1b | multi | Tuberculosis is classified as one of the granulomatous inflammatory diseases. Macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, and fibroblasts aggregate to form granulomas, with lymphocytes surrounding the infected macrophages. When other macrophages attack the infected macrophage, they fuse together to form a giant multinuc... | Medicine | Infection |
194db215-38f0-4aa7-8759-e3fcd51be4df | Greatest portion of teeth is formed by: | Enamel | Dentin | Pulp | Cementum | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
12d727f8-8af7-419b-b7b0-87776e00b907 | The virus causing which of the following disease produces both intranuclear and intracytoplasmic inclusion bodies ? | Chickenpox | Rabies | Small pox | Measles | 3d | multi | Cytopathic effect consist of multinucleate syncytium formation with numerous acidophilic nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusions REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXTBOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PGNO.512 | Microbiology | Virology |
5c322b99-bd4e-4a40-8423-884046a4eaf8 | Nucleotides serve all of the following roles, EXCEPT: | Monomeric units of nucleic acids | Mediators in cellular signalling | Source of energy | Structural component of membrane | 3d | multi | Nucleotide Nucleic acids are polynucleotides CAMP and cGMP are cyclic nucleotides involved in signaling pathways. ATP is the cellular currency of energy Membrane is made up of phospholipids and cholesterol and not nucleotides. | Biochemistry | Nucleotides |
d92d8aeb-d542-4f1d-88c4-5b7708c23b29 | Which is not a branch of cavernous pa of internal carotid aery? | Cavernous branch | Inferior hypophyseal | Meningeal aery | Ophthalmic aery | 3d | single | Internal carotid aery is a terminal branch of common carotid aery. It first runs through the neck (cervical pa), then passes through the petrous bone(petrous pa), then courses through the sinuses(cavernous sinuses)and lastly lies in relation to the brain(cerebral pa). AREA OF DISTRIBUTION Cervical pa of the aery does n... | Anatomy | Head and neck |
b01236b8-826e-4280-8bf6-d31a2bc4a62f | Stain for fat, all except: | Oil red O | Sudan black | Sudan III | Congo red | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Congo redo Congo red is not used in lipid staining. It is used in the staining of amyloid protein.Staining for lipidsExamplesStain usedNon nolar linidsUnconjugatedlipidsFatty acidsOil red O, Sudanblack, Sudan III & IVFilipinSchultzCalcium lipaseCholesterolCholesteryl estersMono, di and Tri-glyceridesE... | Pathology | Histo Pathology |
afee4256-35a4-4ca1-97a1-328095e8fafd | MC site of injury to the ureter during a hysterectomy is: March 2004 | At the pelvic brim | In the ovarian fossa | Site of crossing by the uterine aery | As it enters the bladder | 2c | single | Ans. C i.e. Site of crossing by the uterine aery | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
a1da8466-2ee2-469a-be81-941b013da585 | Keratomalacia is associated with: | Measles | Mumps | Rubella | All | 0a | multi | A i.e. Measles Measles and diarrhoea can cause vit A deficiency and thus lead to keratomalacia Q | Ophthalmology | null |
e261aba2-677c-4cfc-a4b3-a5df15378f09 | Butterfly rash is associated with: September 2006, September 2012 | DLE | SLE | Rheumatoid ahritis | Reiter's syndrome | 1b | single | Ans. B: SLE Cutaneous LE may be pa of an uncommon disease called systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Only a few people with cutaneous LE also have SLE. The most common presentation is with a malar eruption or 'butterfly rash' (red patches across the cheeks). Other skin changes in SLE are photosensitivity (a rash on all... | Skin | null |
400c266c-e068-425d-b4bc-6ab601878dd7 | A 14 year old girl on exposure to cold has pallor of extremities followed by pain and cyanosis. In later stages of life she is most prone to develop: | SLE | Scleroderma | Rheumatoid Ahritis | Dermatomyositis | 1b | multi | Answer is B i.e. (Scleroderma): Pallor of extremities, followed by pain and cyanosis suggests a diagnosis of Reynaud's Phenomenon. Reynaud's phenomenon as the presenting manifestation is most strongly associated with scleroderma or systemic sclerosis. Reynaud's Phenomenon and Scleroderma Reynaud's phenomenon (RP) is th... | Medicine | null |
a22908b6-e9ae-4002-9d3a-4e55a10da7ab | Infected gangrene of skin and subcutaneous tissues is ? | Dry gangrene | Wet gangrene | Erysipelas | None of the above | 1b | multi | Answer- B. Wet gangreneWet gangene When overlying skin of dry gangrenous tissue is devitalized, bacterial infection is superimposed.More commonly due to venous occlusion then aerial occlusion. | Pathology | null |
6c2bcf77-b767-488a-b3ba-5489cd889915 | A 6-year-old girl complains of otalgia, fever, and irritability. Physical examination reveals a stiff, bulging, red tympanic membrane. Previous history of ear infections is denied. Clinical response to amoxicillin is maximized on which of the following durations? | 1 day | 5 days | 7 days | 10 days | 1b | single | Prospective nonrandomized evaluations of treatment duration of acute otitis media reveal no difference in outcome if given over 5-day, 7-day, or 10-day duration. However, 10-day treatment is indicated for children with history of acute otitis media within the preceding month. | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
16e3368e-eed2-4b5e-9340-19c1f918c73c | Which of the following fluoroquinolone has broadest spectrum activity against bacteria ? | Ciprofloxacin | Norfloxacin | Trovafloxacin | Nalidixic acid | 2c | single | Ans. is'c'i.e., TrovafloxacinFouh generation quinolones/fluoroquinolones have broadest spectrum.These are trovafloxacin, fleroxacin, gemifloxacin, prulifloxacin, sitafloxacin and clinafloxacin. | Pharmacology | null |
902e2597-232c-4fc3-8f09-c43a0328f57f | A 28 years old female at term presents with gush of fluid and regular contractions. Prenatal investigations reveals Rh negative, antibody negative, husband- Rh positive homozygous. After 10 hours her labor progresses and delivered 3600g baby via normal vaginal delivery. Placenta did not separate spontaneously and manua... | RhoGAM | Indirect Coomb's test | Direct Coomb's test | Detection of fetal cells in maternal circulation | 2c | multi | Answer: c) Direct Coomb's testRh NEGATIVE PREGNANCYINVESTIGATION OF Rh NEGATIVE MOTHERSI-Husband's blood grouping & Rh typing.II-Obstetric History: If the woman is primi, it is unlikely for the baby to be affectedIII-Antibody detection: In all cases of Rh negativity, albumin antibody is detected by indirect Coomb's tes... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
3545e511-9b9d-46de-b547-b54e2fdeb4d6 | RPGN(rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis) caused by- | FSGS | Wegener's granulomatosis | Good pasteur's syndrome | PAN | 1b | single | Granulomatosis With Polyangiitis Previously called Wegener granulomatosis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is a necrotizing vasculitis characterized by a triad of the following: * Necrotizing granulomas of the upper-respiratory tract (ear, nose, sinuses, throat) or the lower-respiratory-tract (lung) or both * Ne... | Pathology | Urinary tract |
5c89a7cb-941c-49a8-83c4-869d439990b9 | True about nutritional rickets -a) Craniotabesb) Multiple #c) Widening of wristd) ↓ Phosphate in serume) Growth retardation | acde | bde | abcd | abde | 0a | multi | Craniotabes, widening of wrist and growth retardation occur in rickets.
Serum phosphate is low. | Orthopaedics | null |
e11ddd16-6652-467a-81fb-9fd8cb524d28 | Vitamin K dependent clotting factors include all EXCEPT | Factor VII | Factor VIII | Prothrombin | Facor IX | 1b | multi | VITAMIN K DEPENDENT CLOTTING FACTORS ARE:
Factor II (Prothrombin)
Factor VII (Proconvertin/Stable factor)
Factor IX (Christmas factor/ Antihemophilic Factor B)
Factor X (Stuart Prower factor)
Protein C
Protein S NOTE' Clotting factors inhibited by Antithrombin III are: Factor IX, X, XI & XII | Physiology | null |
efe2f87f-7a75-47eb-bc5e-971e7d713bb7 | All are true about nitrous oxide except ? | Laughing gas | Causes megaloblastic anemia | Causes diffusion hypoxia | Good muscle relaxant | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Good muscle relaxant Nitrous oxide N,O It is also called laughing gas. It has good analgesic but poor muscle relaxant activity. Second gas effect and diffusion hypoxia occur with N20 only. N20 is the only anaesthetic repoed to produce hematologic toxicity and neurotoxicity with long term administratio... | Pharmacology | null |
eedbe06d-a860-4076-9c48-784698083220 | A young adult shows non-fluctuant, tender and red swellingin the marginal gingival lesion. This is most likely: | Periodontal abscess | Periapical abscess | Gingival abscess | Periapical sinus | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
9e461fcb-281d-49fe-8dfe-2704b999fdc1 | Right eye superotemporal quadrantopia, left eye centrocaecal scotoma with headache. Site of lesion is: | Left optic nerve + chiasma | Left optic tract + chiasma | Right optic nerve + chiasma | Right optic tract + chiasma | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Left optic nerve + chiasmaRef: Kanski 7/e, p. 826-827This type of field defect is seen in meningiomas where the lesion is at the junction of optic nerve and the chiasma. This is called "junctional scotoma of Traquair". (VFD No. 3-Text) | Ophthalmology | Neuro-Ophthalmology |
a41910e6-e32d-4780-b42d-bdbf671d39ba | Viroids are ? | ssRNA | DNA from matric proteins | Naked pathogenic human viruses | Fragments of viruses | 0a | single | Genome much smaller than those of known virus. Agent is a protien free low molecular wt RNA REF:ANANTHANARYANAN TEXT BOOK OF MICROBIOLOGY 9EDITION PDNO.442 | Microbiology | Virology |
fd7d154c-dc3a-437b-a859-d475590559a0 | Treatment for fibrous dysplasia in a young 25 yrs old patient involving maxilla is best treated by | Enbloc resection | Cosmetic contouring | Maxillary resection | Radiation therapy | 1b | single | null | Surgery | null |
b94466f6-ede9-4172-bc8c-1b2cb5ce13c9 | Anticholinesterases are effective against all, except : | Cobra bite. | Postoperative ileus. | Carbamate poisoning. | Belladona poisoning. | 2c | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
92c4e03e-f5c3-4384-9f63-d2e62b7234e3 | A 25 years female was found in the room with 100% burns on her body. The tongue was protruding out; the body was in pugilistic attitude with heat ruptures, peeling of skin, and heat haematoma and heat fractures of the skull. Carboxyhemoglobin was 25% and soot particles were present in the trachea. Which of the combinat... | Heat haematoma & heat ruptures | Heat fracture of skull and peeling of skin | Heat haematoma and pugilistic attitude | Carboxy hemoglobin (25%) and soot particles in trachea | 3d | single | Presence of carbon particles (soot) in respiratory passages and elevated level of carboxy-hemoglobin confirms that victim was alive when the burn occurred.
i.e. Ante-mortem burn. | Forensic Medicine | null |
d107bbd6-532b-4aee-9ba5-f139542feb2a | Altered perception of real objects is | Illusion | Delusion | Hallucination | Delirium | 0a | multi | Illusion: A misinterpretation of stimuli arising from an external object(s). Hallucination: A perception that occurs in the absence of a stimulus. Delusion: A false, unshakable belief which is not amenable to reasoning, and is not in keeping with the patient's socio-cultural and educational background. Delirium: it is ... | Psychiatry | Symptoms and signs in psychiatry and classification |
02c3fd63-d433-49f5-b688-ad11479d4474 | Q. Initial Antihypeensive agent of choice in a patient with stable ischemic hea disease is | Beta-Blockers | Alpha-Blockers | Calcium Channel Blockers | Ace Inhibitors | 0a | single | Answer is A (Beta-Blockers) Beta Blockers are recommended as First Line Agents of choice for treatment of hypeension in hypeensive patients with Stable Ischemic Hea Disease. | Medicine | null |
e5259d5c-840a-4fc6-a55d-638184739cf8 | A 20-year-old man fell from the parallel bar during the Olympic trial. A neurologic examination reveals that he has a lesion of the lateral cord of the brachial plexus. Which of the following muscles is most likely weakened by this injury?, | Subscapularis | Teres major | Latissimus dorsi | Pectoralis major | 3d | multi | The pectoralis major is innervated by the lateral and medial pectoral nerves originating from the lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus, respectively. The subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi, and teres minor muscles are innervated by nerves originating from the posterior cord of the brachial plexus. | Anatomy | Nerve supply, Nerve Lesions |
865f66bc-5c5f-4568-9d69-2c8d205d83c0 | False about ropivacaine | Less cardiotoxic than bupivacaine | More cardiotoxic than lignocaine | Contains only R enantiomer | Onset of action is faster than bupivacaine | 3d | multi | Ropivacaine contains only S enantiomer so cardiotoxicity is less than bupivacaine (but still higher than lignocaine). Anaesthetic propeies (onset, intensity; duration of I action) of ropivacaine are almost similar to bupivacaine. | Anaesthesia | All India exam |
a86f69ef-f5c5-4209-8c84-d9f7dee9b07c | After which of the following gestational age is a dead baby said to be a still born ? | 20 days | 28 days | 20 weeks | 28 weeks | 3d | single | The term stillborn refers to the death of a fetus after 28 weeks of gestation or death of a fetus weighing 1000gms. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
baf8ee99-fa5b-4e72-aa73-1e2030575de4 | Normal daily faecal fat excretion: | 0-5 gm | 5-10 gm | 10-15gm | 15-20gm | 0a | single | Fats excretion less than 7 gm per day in feces is considered normal. More than this amount in feces indicates malabsorption; more than 8 gm/day in feces is called steatorrhea | Physiology | Gastrointestinal System |
4c3c6360-6a69-4f9c-9faa-9d6c0ea9481f | Forceps are preferred over vacuum for the delivery because of the following, reasons except? | Vacuum requires more clinical skills than forceps | Vacuum is preferred more than forceps in HIV patient | Forceps are more commonly associated with fetal facial injury | Vacuum has more chance of formation of cephalhematoma | 0a | multi | Ans. a. Vacuum requires more clinical skills than forceps (Ref: Dutta 7/e p579, 581)Forceps requires more clinical skills than forceps vacuum.Advantages of Ventouse:It is comfortable and has lower rates of maternal trauma and genital tract lacerationsReduced maternal pelvic floor injuries and is advocated as the instru... | Unknown | null |
6773ca12-2ba7-4409-bd60-6e64b43908b3 | Normal pressure in superficial venous system of leg while walking is | 80 mmHg | 60 mmHg | 50 mmHg | 30 mmHg | 3d | single | Pressure in superficial venous system decreases to 30 mmHg while walking as blood flows from superficial to deep veins. | Surgery | null |
e12b1526-7f58-4081-9203-c64569dc2a18 | Warfarin therapy is prolonged by all except: | Rifampicin | Amoxicillin | Erythromycin | Tetracycline | 0a | multi | Barbiturates (but not benzodiazepines), carbamazepine, rifampicin and griseofulvin induce the metabolism of warfarin.The dose of anticoagulant determined during therapy with these drugs would be higher: if the same is continued after withdrawing the inducer- marked hypoprothrombinemia can occur causing fatal bleeding.
... | Pharmacology | null |
baf7a6c5-1cc1-44f5-9ba0-60f510fac8d2 | Commando operation describes | Maxillectomy, Neck Dissection, Omohyoid muscle removal | Mandibulectomy, Neck Dissection, Omohyoid muscle removal | Mandibulectomy, Neck dissection, Oropharyngeal resection | Ombined maxillectomy and mandibulectomy | 2c | single | null | ENT | null |
c78bbe53-ef9e-4a96-85af-8738fa43e181 | Gamma efferent system is involved in | Tendon reflex | Clonus | Muscle tone | All of the above | 3d | multi | (D) All of the above # Motor neurons of y efferent system are regulated to a large degree by descending tracts from a number of areas in the brain.> Golgi tendon organs, are stimulated by both passive stretch and active contraction of the muscle.> The muscles are generally hypotonic when the rate of y efferent discharg... | Physiology | Nervous System |
e332a855-7f8b-4aa9-82b9-66a6c4a2dc6f | In takayasu aeritis there is | Loss of pulses | Renal hypeension | Coronary aneurysm or its dilation | All of the above | 3d | multi | Takayasu aeritis affects the aoa, its major branches and occasionally the pulmonary aeries. The typical age at onset is 25-30 years, with an 8 : 1 female-to-male ratio. It has a worldwide distribution but is most common in Asia. Takayasu aeritis is characterised by granulomatous inflammation of the vessel wall, leading... | Medicine | Immune system |
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