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8389f6b7-61b6-4c03-b83e-90f4af08f749 | Cork screw esophagus is seen in - | Diffuse esophageal spasm | Achalasia cardia | CA esophagus | Globus hystericus | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Diffuse esophageal spasm o Radiological appearances of diffuse esophageal spasm have been described as:Curling esophagusCorkscrew esophagus orPseudodiverticulosiso Diffuse esophageal spasm is a motor disorder of esophagus characterized by repetitive simultaneous non-peristal tic contractions.o Symptom... | Surgery | Esophageal Motility Disorders |
465f2677-85e0-42a3-9151-66705304b932 | Site of IM injection without injuring any vessels or nerves | Lower part of insertion of deltoid | Upper outer quadrant of buttock | Lower inner quadrant of buttock | Upper inner quadrant of buttock | 1b | single | (B) Upper outer quadrant of buttock | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
750c0914-64f8-45e6-888a-b919a1cea08f | Highest level of integration in health service is? | PHC | Sub centre | CHC | Distric hospital | 0a | single | The Bhore committee in 1946 gave the concept of primary health center as a basic health unit to provide as close to the people as possible an intergrated curative and preventive health care to the rural population with emphasis on preventive and promotive aspects of health care (refer pgno:904 park 23rd edition) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health care of community & international health |
446bf591-4b9c-4932-bccb-05923be4f061 | Bruxism is mainly due to | Psychological stress | Diabetes | Functional grinding of teeth | None of above | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
04558c18-8feb-4f55-bba4-eaa9a08f74da | All of the following are risks seen in administration of pure oxygen to the hypoxic patients, except: | Apnea occurs due to hypostimulation of peripheral receptors | Pulmonary edema | 2,3 DPG toxicity | Convulsions | 2c | multi | In some patients with severe lung disease, the hypoxic drive to ventilation becomes very important. These patients have chronic CO2 retention, and the pH of their brain extracellular fluid has returned to near normal in spite of a raised pCO2 (renal compensation). Thus, they have lost most of their increase in the sti... | Physiology | null |
b00ec859-5cc9-4c12-848c-b6aa8b6c635e | All are feature of prematurity in neonate except | No crease on sole | Abundant lanugo | Thick ear cailage | Empty Scotum | 2c | multi | *Preterm bih, also known as premature bih, is the bih of a baby at fewer than 37 weeks gestational age* These babies are known as preemies or premmies.*Symptoms of preterm labor include uterine contractions which occur more often than every ten minutes or the leaking of fluid from the vagina.*Premature infants are at g... | Pediatrics | New born infants |
89381d24-f3c1-4341-96ce-e07a5ef956ae | Which of the following statements about Wilson's disease is true - | Low serum ceruloplasmin and low urinary copper | Low serum ceruloplasmin and high urinary copper | High serum ceruloplasmin and low urinary copper | High serum ceruloplasmin and high urinary copper | 1b | multi | null | Medicine | null |
10aacb23-4436-4bfa-bef8-de629a1b847b | A 45-year-old construction worker suffers a penetrating wound of the left leg, which is cleaned and sutured. Three days later, the patient presents with sudden onset of severe pain at the site of injury. Physical examination shows darkening of the surrounding skin, hemorrhage, and cutaneous necrosis. The wound shows a ... | Clostridium botulinum | Clostridium perfringens | Staphylococcus aureus | Staphylococcus epidermidis | 1b | single | Gas gangrene (clostridial myonecrosis) is a necrotizing, gas-forming infection that begins in contaminated wounds and spreads rapidly to adjacent tissues. The disease can be fatal within hours of onset. Gas gangrene follows the deposition of C. perfringens into tissues under anaerobic conditions. Such conditions occur ... | Pathology | Infectious Disease |
0c01a98d-699a-4354-9632-fabf3fe32813 | Which of the following parameters is not monitored in a patient on methotrexate therapy: | Liver function tests | Lung function test | Eye examination | Hemogramz | 2c | single | Methotrexate is an antimetabolite chemotherapeutic agent that binds to the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase, which is involved in the synthesis of purine nucleotides. This interferes with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) synthesis and disrupts cell multiplication. Methotrexate has long been known to be effective in the treatm... | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
3cf0cb36-e1c9-40c7-a534-1f11c0a137c9 | A 1-year-old infant has biphasic stridor, barking cough and difficulty in breathing since 3-4 days. He has high-grade fever and leukocyte count is increased. Which of the following would not be a true statement regarding the clinical condition of the child? | It is more common in boys than in girls | Subglottic area is the common site of involvement | Antibiotics are mainstay of treatment | Narrowing of subglottic space with ballooning of hypo-pharynx is seen | 2c | multi | CROUP (laryngotracheitis and laryngotracheobronchitis) Management Once the diagnosis of croup is made, mist therapy, coicosteroids and epinephrine are the usual treatments. Since croup is chiefly viral in etiology, antibiotics play no role. Mist therapy (warm or cool) is thought to reduce the severity of croup by moist... | ENT | null |
d6bb1295-45ad-45ec-9e5f-f847b6cf690c | In pyelonephritis the diagnostic urinary finidng is - | Pus cell cast | RBC cast | Pus cells | RBCs | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
87ee3561-0361-47ce-a3e9-ce784b0f4848 | Which is the most common site for duodenal ulcer | Within 2 centimetres of pylorus | Second part of duodenum | Distal duodenum | Early part of jejunum. | 0a | single | About 95 percentage of duodenal ulcers occur within 2 centimetres of the pylorus | Surgery | null |
26c553d7-73d8-4557-ba34-b109e6570a71 | The emeiocytosis or reverse pinocytosis requires which ion | Na+ | K+ | Ca++ | Mg++ | 2c | single | C i.e. Ca++ | Physiology | null |
35460f1d-b643-48f4-961c-79bfece2e380 | True regarding fibromuscular dysplasia are all except | Medium size vessels | OCPS predispose | Aneurysm may occur | Irregular hyperplasia | 1b | multi | OCPS predispose Fibromuscular dysplasia affects mainly medium and large aeries. Sometimes alteration of the normal normal structure of the aerial wall gives rise to true aneurysms. There is also associated irregular hyperplasia. Muir's Textbook of pathology Edited by JR Anderson, 12 th edition, page no 14.36 Answer is ... | Pathology | Breast |
8be8cc74-06d4-4cae-a62f-8c0c3e75c2ef | Which is the longest chromosome? | Chromosome 1 | Chromosome 21 | Chromosome 14 | Chromosome X | 0a | single | Chromosome 1 is the longest chromosome. In a karyotype, chromosomes- arranged according to their length and banding features. Chromosomes 1 to 22 are arranged according to their length, in the descending order. Chromosome X is longer than the Y Chromosome. | Pediatrics | Types of Genetic Disorders |
c502503b-bd6f-46d9-a188-098c3a6ad9c7 | Oculomotor nerve leaves cranium through: | superior orbital fissure | Inferior orbital fissure | Foramen magnum | Optic canal | 0a | single | Ans a) superior orbital fissureStructure passing through Superior orbital fissureMedialMiddleLateralInferior ophthalmic veinSympathetic nerves around internal carotid arteryNasociliary nerveOtulomotur nerveAbducent nerveSuperior ophthalmic veinlacrimal nerveFrontal nerveTrochlear nerveMnemonic- Inferior sympathyMnemoni... | Anatomy | Cranial Nerves |
2d6e6d86-98d1-4e79-a5ff-ae3a3978a3c0 | A 33 year old male presented with homonymous hemianopia. He also has ataxia and personality changes. Characteristic inclusions are seen in oligodendrocytes. What is the MOST probable diagnosis in this patient? | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy | Cruetzfeld-Jacob disease | Japanese encephalitis | Poliomyelitis | 0a | single | Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy(PML) is characterized pathologically by multifocal areas of demyelination of varying size distributed throughout the brain but sparing the spinal cord and optic nerves. Characteristic microscopic feature: 1. Oligodendrocytes have enlarged, densely staining nuclei that contain ... | Medicine | null |
b7fe3914-b470-4e47-acc2-70d7a6e02363 | Pilocarpine is drug of choice in - | Open angle glaucoma | Acute angle closure glaucoma | Pigmentary glaucoma | None | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Acute angle-closure glaucoma Important factsAngle-closure glaucomao Treatment of choice for acute congestive glaucoma - Laser iridotomy( 1st choice), Peripheral iridescence (2nd choice)o Drug of choice for acute congestive glaucoma - Pilocarpineo Initially, IOP is controlled (the first drug used) - Sy... | Unknown | null |
c403aa56-c462-44e1-af85-3a42285d2252 | Anaesthesia breathing circuit recommended for spontaneous breathing is | Mapleson A | Mapleson B | Mapleson C | Mapleson D | 0a | single | TypeA or Magills circuit is used in Spontaneous ventilation. Type D is used in controlled ventilation. TypeB and Type C are obselete nowadays | Anaesthesia | Anaesthetic equipments |
9cd093d8-fc91-4d49-bcfb-8e37654b2f4a | Pancreatic juice becomes thick if it has impaired | Na secretion | Cl- secretion | Na+ H+ exchange | H+ secretion | 1b | single | As the volume of pancreatic secretion increases, its Cl- concentration falls and its HCO3- concentration increases.The magnitude of the exchange is inversely propoionate to the rate of flow.In cystic fibrosis where this exchange mechanism is lost, pancreatic secretions become dehydrated and thickenedREF: GANONG&;S REVI... | Physiology | G.I.T |
058da16d-efb1-4856-8c25-096bea8e1a78 | All of the following are acceptable criteria for water quality except - | Dissolved O2 of 5 mg\/L | Nitrates of 1 mg\/L | Nitrites of 1-2 mg\/L | Free & saline NH3 of 0.05 mg\/L | 0a | multi | The dissolved oxygen content of water is influenced by the raw water temperature,composition,treatment and any chemical or biological processes taking place in the distribution system.No health based guideline value has been recommended (refer pgno:720 park 23rd edition) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Environment and health |
55737765-73f5-4057-a726-0584f11dede2 | Name of the procedure | Z plasty | Rhomboid flap | V-Y advancement flap | Rotation flap | 2c | single | This is V-to-Y advancement. Commonly used for fingeips and extremities.Ref: Bailey and love, 27e, page: 641 | Surgery | All India exam |
7d4c4bb3-bc13-4582-b7ed-2bf6be7e1fb7 | Taurine seen in bile acid metabolism is synthesized from which amino acid ? | Serine | Cysteine | Methionine | Glycine | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Cysteine Taurine is synthesized from cysteine. Synthesis of other impoant amino acid is as follows :? Glutamate is synthesized from a-ketoglutarate by enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase. Glutamine is synthesized from glutamate by enzyme glutamine synthase. Alanine is synthesized from pyruvate by transamin... | Biochemistry | null |
b68e8780-e5e0-497d-b4dd-412b59d46af8 | Color of diphtheretic membrane is - | Grey | White | Yellow | Cream | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Grey | Pediatrics | null |
cd9ea2a3-48e6-40a5-83ff-525af9a5a4e0 | why do GLYCOPYROLATE is used as pre-anesthetic medication ? | no central effect as it do not cross BBB | as it have few side efects | as it increases pharyngeal secreation | no post surgical complications | 0a | single | * Actions of glycopyrrolate are similar to atropine except for some differences,as given below.. * CNS-minimal CNS effects. * CVS-increased hea rate is to a lesser extent and for shoer duration than atropine,hence ,lodynamic sLao.ay when used as premedication. * Similar actions on RS,GIT,GUT and other smooth muscles an... | Pharmacology | All India exam |
9474d18f-c420-499c-9ffa-e3cf63e02632 | The pregnant female dies while doing illegal abortion. The doctor can be punished under | 303 IPC | 316 IPC | 314 IPC | 315 IPC | 2c | single | Refer the byte "Legal sections". | Forensic Medicine | null |
be55a778-57b1-428b-81aa-eadcc0f835cc | Rodent ulcer is ? | Infectious ulcer | Hypersensitivity | Basal cell carcinoma | Squamaous cell carcinoma | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Basal cell carcinoma Advanced basal cell carcinoma may ulcerate and extensive local invasion of bone or facial sinus may occur after many years of neglected or in unusually aggressive tumors, explaining the archaic designation rodent ulcer. | Pathology | null |
c1024fcc-7197-4554-848b-77100cd916c9 | Select the drug which is used exclusively in organ transplantation and autoimmune diseases, but not in cancers: | Cyclophosphamide | Cyclosporine | Methotrexate | 6-Mercaptopurine | 1b | single | CALCINEURIN INHIBITORS (Specific T-cell inhibitors) Cyclosporine Mech of action:- It inhibits T lymphocyte proliferation, IL-2 and other cytokine production as well as response of inducer T cells to IL-1. Cyclosporin binds with protein cyclophiin-A and inactivate calcineurin and the transcription of genes involved in s... | Pharmacology | Immunomodulators |
5113b363-cc89-49f9-b933-2d19da307f05 | Injury to cervical nerve C5, C6 causes: | Erb's paralysis | Klumpke paralysis | Horner syndrome | Central cord syndrome | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Erb's paralysisRef: Apley's orthopedics 9th ed./ 279-80Erb's paralysis- Erb's palsy or Erb-Duchenne palsy is a paralysis of the arm caused by injury to the upper group of the arm's main nerves, specifically the severing of the upper trunk C5-C6 nerves.Position of hand in Erb's paralysis: Adducted, Internally r... | Orthopaedics | Injuries Around Shoulder |
c68fc590-b588-4406-ab87-e017156f5472 | 'Doughnut' sign and 'Coiled spring' appearance are seen in | Intussusception | Meckel's diverticulum | Intestinal malrotation | Volvulus | 0a | single | (A) Intusussception # Ultrasound Axial images of intussusception showed a doughnut pattern.> Hypoechoic external ring was formed by the everted returning limb of intussusceptum and, to a lesser degree, by the intussuscipiens.> Doughnut's center varied according to the scan level.> Scans obtained at the middle or at the... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
03bafb10-eb8e-4315-8282-0d779e83fbe8 | Vertical compaction of warm gutta-percha technique
was given by? | Grossman | Ingle | Schilder | Cohen | 2c | single | null | Dental | null |
74e9a3ee-7ccd-479c-b3a2-f28774850ddd | Worldwide accepted minimum dose of penicillin in latent syphilis- | 4.8 mega units | 6.0 mega units | 7.0 mega units | 10 units | 2c | single | null | Medicine | null |
7db0f85c-3610-4da8-ace7-87fd78e444b2 | Profuse watery diarrhea in an immuno compromised child is due to - | Cryptococcus | Amoeba | Giardia | Lactose intolerance | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Giardia Diarrhea in immunocompromised child (AIDS) include bacterial (salmonella, compylobacter) ,protozoal (giardiasis, cryptosporidium), and viral (CMV, HSV) causes. | Pediatrics | null |
6309e1e8-eff8-48f6-a9e8-4bce44338d1b | Latest retinoid drug used in acne is: March 2005 | Retinoic acid | Clindamycin | Adapalane | Azelaic acid | 2c | single | Ans. C: Adapalane Adapalene is an aromatic naphthoic acid derivative. Adapalene is stable in the presence of light and resistant to oxidation by benzoyl peroxide. Additionally, it differs from tretinoin/ retinoic acid in its affinity for various retinoic acid receptors. Moreover, adapalene is a very effective antiacne ... | Skin | null |
15eaf7e0-9e13-4bfa-a263-cf102ecc5fe8 | Metabolic changes associated with excessive vomiting includes the following | Metabolic acidosis | Hyperchloremia | Hypokalemia | Decreases bicarbonates | 2c | single | Vomiting causes loss of gastric secretions which include HCl & K+ ions, resulting in metabolic alkalosis, hypokalemia and hypochloremia. However note that the moderate to severe hypokalemia seen with excessive vomiting is not merely explained by loss of K+ ions in vomiting. "In fact the hypokalemia is primarily due to ... | Anatomy | General surgery |
604210a5-0359-4e52-8ebf-d479606c7b4a | Gastric lavage in contraindicated in which of the following poisonings? | Hydrocarbon poisoning | Excessive intake of anti- tubercular drugs | Excessive intake of iron tablets | Excessive intake of Paracetamol | 0a | single | Ans. A. Hydrocarbon poisoningGastric lavage involves the passage of a oro gastric tube with sequential administration and aspiration of small volumes of normal saline with the intent of removing toxic substances present in the stomach. Contraindications to gastric lavage include ingestion of hydrocarbons because of hig... | Pediatrics | Fluid & Electrolyte |
d3a56302-74f2-44d5-994d-b057262a57f7 | A patient is admitted with 3rd episode of deep venous thrombosis. There is no history of any associated medical illness. All of the following investigations are required for establishing the diagnosis except- | Proteing C deficiency | Antithrombin III deficiency | Antibodies to factor VIII | Antibodies to cardiolipin | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
8a56a37c-3edc-44c1-9d94-2976fc77907a | Calcium hydroxide is preferred to ZOE fillings below a
composite resin restoration as: | Calcium hydroxide forms a calcific bridge | Eugenol irritates the inflamed pulp | Eugenol interferes with the setting of composite resins | None of the above | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
1b1888f5-401c-4c13-ac3f-7ed889e02c00 | Which of the following enzyme deficiency is the most common cause of pseudohermaphroditism in a female child? | 3 - hydroxylase deficiency | 11 - hydroxylase deficiency | 17 - hydroxylase deficiency | 21- hydroxylase deficiency | 3d | single | Most common cause of female pseudohermaphroditism is congenital adrenal hyperplasia mostly caused by deficiency of the enzyme 21 hydroxylase. Due to this enzyme deficiency, there is deficient production of adrenal coisol and aldosterone and overproduction of adrenal androgens. | Medicine | null |
04aed15e-afa4-44f1-b7b4-6ef83484077e | All the following in the Light's criteria are suggestive of exudative pleural effusion except - | Pleural fluid protein : serum protein ratio > 0.5 | Pleural fluid ADA < 16 | Pleural fluid LDH : serum LDH ratio >0.6 | Pleural fluid L DH > two thirds of the upper limitof serum LDH | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e.. Pleural fluid ADA <16 Diagnostic criteriao The Light's Criteria Rule is a traditional method of differentiating transudates and exudates that measures serum and pleural fluid protein and LDH.According to the traditional Light's Criteria Rule, if at least one of the following three criteria lie, compon... | Medicine | Pleural Effusion & Pneumothorax |
49a21df6-cf26-426c-8efc-c9571574016e | Most common inherited cause of Aplastic anemia | Idiopathic | Fanconi anemia | Scwachman - diamond syndrome | Down syndrome | 1b | single | M/C acquired cause - Idiopataic.
M/C inherited - Fanconi anemia. | Medicine | null |
5895bf7d-2066-4ca8-a538-d3abe95b3709 | Acute mechanical large bowel obstruction should be operated early because - | Electrolyte imbalance due to third space loss | Septicaemia from absorption of bowel contents | Early gangrene and perforation | Respiratory embarrassment to massive abdminal distension | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
802ec030-da3e-42af-89d4-46e661001969 | Most potent stimulator of naive Tcells? | Mature dendritic cells | Follicular dendritic cells | Macrophages | B cell | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mature dendritic cells . Mature B cells and T-cells before antigenic exposure are called naive B and T cells respectively. Sequence of events in activation of naive T cells : . Immature dendritic cells in the epidermis are called langerhans cells. . These immature dendritic cells ( langerhans cells) c... | Microbiology | null |
f2198dfb-39b6-4f70-b40d-b9a1947aba18 | Which of the following is the national level system that provides annual national and state level reliable estimates of feility? | Civil registration system | Census | Ad-noc survey | General feility rate | 3d | single | General Feility Rate (GFR):It is the "number of live bihs per 1000 women in the reproductive age-group (15-44 or 49 years) in a given year".GFR = in the same area in same year] x 1000General feility rate is a better measure of feility than the crude bih rate because the denominator is restricted to the number of women ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and family planning |
52b5f48e-1f7a-423d-8e17-715cddcffded | Graft from homozygotic twin is known as ? | Autograft | Isograft | Allograft | Xenograft | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Isograft Graft from homozygotic (identical) twin is called as isograft. Graft A tissue graft is a medical procedure in which tissue from a donor is used to replace missing or damaged tissue on a patient ( recipient). | Microbiology | null |
26b4a1ae-3cbb-4108-8408-6e37cc5e0ebc | Cumulative increase in the height of the baby at 6 months: | 9 cm | 18 an | 24 cm | 6 cm | 1b | single | Ans: B (18 cm) Ref: Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics, 19th edition and Achar Textbook of Pediatrics, 4th edition.Explanation:Average Length/Height at different Postnatal AgesAt Birth - 50 cmAt 3 months - 60 cmAt 6 months - 65 cmAt 9 months - 70 cmAt 1 year - 75 cmAt 2 years - 87.5 cmAt 4 years - 100 cmAt 8 years-125 cmAt ... | Pediatrics | Assessment of Growth |
aca34e5a-2714-4851-98e9-3c25b4980009 | Management of stone on CBD includes following except | ERCP | Laparoscopic CBD exploration | Medical dissolution of stone | Endosphincteric removal | 2c | multi | Medical dissolution of stone is used for gallstones, not the CBD stones CBD ctones are rarely asymptomatic, often present with complication CBD stones should be treated, if diagnosed. Treatment options include ERCP, laparoscopic or open CBD exploration Ref : Bailey and love 27th edition Pgno : 1200 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
4b4204b2-7863-401c-aafe-b6a7e5a0e768 | What is the probable diagnosis in the patient with below flow volume loop (FVL)? | Restrictive airway disease | Tracheal stenosis | Obstructive airway disease | None of the above | 1b | multi | The above FVL is a typical of fixed central airway obstruction (Either above or below the thoracic inlet) such as tracheal stenosis. In this, there is limitation to peak flow rate,Flattened inspiratory and expiratory curves are seen. Other FVL patterns: 1.Normal 2. Airflow obstruction:- COPD 3. Fixed Upper Airway obstr... | Medicine | Pneumonia |
774ab5f8-e8e6-4f6a-91dc-40a557440ba6 | The minimum amount of normal perfused liver parenchyma to be left intact when a hepatic resection is planned is - | 10% | 20% | 50% | 75% | 1b | single | • Up to 70% to 75% of the hepatic volume may be resected with good recovery in patients with relatively normal hepatic parenchyma (without active hepatitis, cirrhosis, or metabolic defects), as long as the remnant liver has adequate portal venous and hepatic arterial inflow, adequate hepatic venous outflow, and adequat... | Surgery | null |
4e76e295-d695-4d8c-b795-264e5186c088 | A -wave in JVP indicates: | Atrial relaxation | Atrial contraction | Bulging of tricuspid valve into right atrium | Ventricular contraction | 1b | single | Ans. B: Atrial contraction Waves - a - presystolic; produced by right atrial contraction - c - bulging of tricuspid valve into the right atrium during ventricular systole (isovolumic phase) - v - occurs in late ventricular systole; increased blood in right atrium from venous return Descents - x - combination of atrial ... | Medicine | null |
fcf4abbf-fe47-4b4b-b27d-2afe8a0b5019 | A 35 year old pregnant female at 40 weeks gestational age presents with pain and regular uterine contractions every 4-5 min. On arrival,the patient is in lot of pain and requesting relief immediately. Her cervix is 5cm dilated. What is the most appropriate method of pain control for this patient? | Intramuscular morphine | Pudendal block | Local block | Epidural block | 3d | single | When complete relief of pain is needed throughout labour,epidural analgesia is safest and simplest. Ref: Williams Obs 24e pg 513 . | Anatomy | General obstetrics |
1e33f98a-cb77-40fe-8115-41bded664a76 | A 2- year old child presented with leucocoria in the right eye since 2 months. On examination a total retinal detachment was present in the same eye. Ultrasound B scan revealed a heterogenous subretinal mass with calcification. The most likely clinical diagnosis is: | Coats- disease | Retinoblastoma | Toxocariasis | Retinal tuberculoma | 1b | single | B i.e. Retinoblastoma Leukokoria in a child less than 6 years with hetrogenous mass & calcification on USG or CT scan is diagnostic of retinoblastomaQ. It may lead to secondary glaucoma & retinal detachment. | Ophthalmology | null |
ed015873-2b73-4192-9511-2b835c96271c | Sudden cardiac death may occur in all of the following except : | Dilated cardiomyopathy | Hyperophic cardiomyopathy | Eisenmenger's syndrome | Ventricular septal defect | 3d | multi | Answer is D (Ventricular septal defect) Amongst the options provided ventricular septal defect is the least likely diagnosis to result in sudden cardiac death. Hyperophic and Dilated Cardiomyopathy : The cardiomyopathies (Hyperophic and Dilated) are the second most common category of diseases associated with risk of 'S... | Medicine | null |
39860116-7589-4aa9-94e1-7e56a9332a0d | Bleeding vessel in haemorrhoids is | Superior rectal aery | Superior rectal vein | Middle rectal aery | Middle rectal vein | 1b | single | Bleeding vessel in haemorrhoids is superior rectal vein which is a branch of inferior mesenteric vein at the level of rectum. Dilation of these vessels leads to bleeding leading to internal haemorrhoids. Veins are better option than aery. | Anatomy | Pelvis and Perineum 3 |
6883af60-1b54-43ce-be20-2222bc1d1027 | Hydrochloric acid is produced by? | G-cell | D-cell | Oxyntic cells | Chief cells | 2c | single | Ans. C Oxyntic cellsRef: Ganong, 23rd ed. pg. 431-32Secretion in Stomach* Oxyntic cell (parietal cell) secretes: HCl and intrinsic factor of castle* Chief cell (zymogen or peptic cell) secrete: pepsinogen* G cell secrete: Gastrin* D cell secrete: Somatostatin* ECL cells secrete: Histamine | Physiology | G.I.T. |
347fdf37-2f39-4c03-baba-938c71badf0f | Which of the following is shown in the diagram shown below? | Chalazion | Stye | Entropion | Ectropion | 2c | single | Ans. (c) Entropion.The image shows presence of lower eyelid Entropion which is a malposition showing inversion of eyelid margin. The subtype is of involutional type with relative Enophthalmos. | Ophthalmology | Anomalies in the Position of Lashes and Lid Margin |
e0464b07-9f90-4e25-9d0a-cc6a37ccaef9 | Which of the following contract together with stapes to stiffen the ossicular chain and protect the inner ear from noise damage? | Scala media | Tensor tympani | Scala vestibuli | Semicircular canal | 1b | single | Stapedius and tensor tympani muscles contract through a neural reflex arc mediated by loud sounds (>80 dB). They act to stiffen the ossicular chain and protect the inner ear from noise damage, paicularly at low frequencies. In contrast, cholesteatoma formation in the middle ear can contact the ossicular chain, increasi... | ENT | null |
a18654e2-2ffd-4f95-9014-989c649f4f98 | Recommended level of fluoride in drinking water? | 0.2-0.5 mg/L | 0-5-0.8 mg/L | 0.8-1.2 mg/L | 1.2-2.0 mg/L | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 0.5 - 0.8 mg/L The recommended level of fluoride in drinking water in the country is accepted as 0.5 to 0.8 mg/ Liter. -Park Maximum permissible limit is 1.5 mg/Lit. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
c22866e6-2f7c-4495-81b4-6cfdcda18fe3 | All lesions are seen in leprosy except – | Erythematous Macule | Hypopigmented patch | Vesicles | Flat & raised patches | 2c | multi | Leprosy is not a vesiculo-bullous (blistering) disorder. | Dental | null |
0cb3fd6c-c3c0-463e-a7c3-dbb3f923afa6 | Choose the appropriate lettered structure in this MRI scan showing a sagittal section through the head and neck. Tears drain through the nasolacrimal duct into the space below which structure? | A | B | C | D | 1b | single | (b) The inferior nasal meatus below the inferior concha receives the nasolacrimal duct. | Anatomy | Head & Neck |
9bf5cccf-f271-466a-8add-1332166244ba | Tetracycline ointment for mass prophylaxis: | 0.10% | 0.50% | 1% | 5% | 0a | single | Ans. 0.1% | Ophthalmology | null |
1bca398f-c080-445f-a052-a76d86dfbf43 | Late Complication of radiotherapy | Nausea | Thrombocytopenia | Mucositis | Erythema | 2c | single | Mucositis (Inflammation of mucosa) is a late complication. | Radiology | null |
732041e5-4282-45b0-bcbb-08338f507f91 | HIV primarily infects? | CD4* cells | CD8+ cells | NK cells | All of these | 0a | multi | ANSWER: (A) CD4+ cellsREF: Jawetz, Melnick, & Adelberg's Medical Microbiology, 24TH edition Chapter 44Repeat Microbiology December 2010 | Microbiology | Human Immunodeficiency Virus |
afc3a3c8-a38c-4bc2-80ec-0808069a549f | The magnetic field in MRI is measured in | Hounsfield units | Tesla | MHz | None | 1b | multi | Tesla =magnetic fieldHounsfield units =CT numberMHz = To denote probe frequency in USGThe units of magnetic field strength are Gauss and Tesla. Tesla was the father of alternating current and Gauss was German mathematician. 1Tesla = 10 KG = 10, 000 Gauss Gauss is a measure of low magnetic field strength. Eah's magnetic... | Radiology | All India exam |
8949a6ee-c37f-4e7a-b717-00418f15a257 | A 42 yr old engineer developed redness of the glans and radial fissuring of the prepuce 2 weeks ago. A potassium hydroxide preparation of scrapings from the glans showed pseudohyphae and buds. Which one of the following systemic illness should he be screened for? | Pulmonary tuberculosis | Diabetes mellitus | Systemic candidiasis | Chronic renal failure | 1b | single | Visualization of pseudohyphae s/o candidiasis and DM is a predisposing factor for it. Candidiasis Predisposing factors or conditions (especially for disseminated form): DM Antibacterial agents Indwelling urinary catheters Parenteral glucocoicoids Neutropenia Abdominal and thoracic surgery Immunocompromised state Patien... | Dental | Sexually Transmitted Infections |
769e2376-403e-43b3-a79a-f0f1eefb2ff8 | Treatment of choice for congenital hydrocele? | Sac eversion | Herniotomy | Conservative | Hernioraphy | 1b | single | Ans. B. Herniotomy. (Ref. Bailey and Love 26th/pg. 1382; 381).# In congenital hydrocele, the processus vaginalis is patent and connects with the peritoneal cavity. The communication is usually too small to allow herniation of intra-abdominal contents. Pressure on the hydrocele does not always empty it but the hydrocele... | Surgery | Testis & Scrotum |
129cb58b-a145-45fb-acf9-ee930371ec72 | Which one of the following is not associated with carbohydrate digestion, absorption, or both? | Amylase | Sucrase | Secondary active transpo | Enterokinase | 3d | multi | Enterokinase is an intestinal enzyme that activates trypsinogen as it enters the small intestine from the pancreas. Enterokinase is secreted into the lumen by mucosa cells, but much of it adheres to the enterocyte membrane. Once activated, trypsin can fuher activate itself as well as other inactive proteases. Amylase i... | Physiology | G.I.T |
480f70d6-9eba-40b1-ae75-d6e002152468 | Bilateral facial palsy is seen in- | Myaesthania gravis | Guillain Bane | Muscular dystrophy | Duchnene muscular dystrophy | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
8f1348c2-7c4d-4951-9714-dd4b2723b19f | Which of the following is the late toxic manifestation of diphtheria in child? | Renal failure | Myocarditis | v | Septicemia | 1b | single | Polyneuropathy and myocarditis are late toxic manifestations of diphtheria. Myocarditis is typically associated with dysrhythmia of the conduction tract and dilated cardiomyopathy. Other complications of diphtheria include pneumonia, renal failure, encephalitis, cerebral infarction, and pulmonary embolism. Neurologic m... | Pediatrics | null |
a8ce079e-435f-4ebe-8c11-7e0e9b23077b | When can a child begin to take a biscuit to his mouth? | 2 months | 4 months | 6 months | 9 months | 2c | single | By 6 months, a child can begin to take a biscuit to his mouth. By 12 months, he can try to feed self with a cup but spills some of contents. By 15 months, he can drink from cup without much spilling By 18 months, he can feed himself well with a spoon | Pediatrics | Impoant Motor Milestones |
359963f0-3886-480c-9509-78c79625a2f6 | Early recovery of Sudeck's atrophy can be best seen by: | Intraarterial injection of articaine. | Intraarterial injection of novacaine. | Both. | None. | 1b | multi | It is claimed to be the most successful treatment | Surgery | null |
55de7bde-6151-487a-8261-1036a52b3774 | If a conraceptive has failure rate of 15, how many unplanned pregnancies will the female have in her reproductive period. | 3.5 | 4 | 4.5 | 5 | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 4.5 Failure rate per HWY =Total accidental pregnancies--------------------------Total months of exposurex 1200"A woman's reproductive period is roughly from 15 to 45 years, i.e a period of 30 years"------ Park24th/e - 521* Thus,15 =Total accidental pregnancies--------------------------30 x 12x 1200Tot... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Demography and Family Planning |
ea6be4eb-6b60-404e-a5db-2b2934529b72 | Saturated fatty acids is maximum in which of the following: | Sunflower oil | Coconut oil | Soyabean | Safflower oil | 1b | single | Saturated fatty acids are a long-chain carboxylic acid that usually has between 12 and 24 carbon atoms that has no double bonds.Thus, saturated fatty acids are saturated with hydrogen (since double bonds reduce the number of hydrogens on each carbon).example; 1) Lauric acid (12 C) 2) Myristic acid (14 C) 3) Palmitic ac... | Biochemistry | null |
972ca21c-aa53-41f6-b65f-7ed98f7b8d79 | Shortest diameter is: | Diagonal conjugate | Obstetric conjugate | True conjugate | All are equal | 1b | multi | Ans. is b, i.e. Obstetric conjugateRef. Dutta Obs. 9/e, p 80-81Anteroposterior diameters of the pelvic inlet.DiametersFeatureMeasurement IObstetric conjugate* It is the distance between the midpoint of the sacral promontory to prominent bony projection in the midline on the inner surface of the symphysis pubis.* It is ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Fetal Skull and Maternal Pelvis |
4bcdff17-3e93-49b8-9a42-1d147d7da5b9 | Drug used in severe hypercalcemia - | Furosemide | Prednisolone | Pamidronate | All | 3d | multi | Medical Management 1.Rehydration until serum calcium level falls (4-6 litres of normal saline in first 24 hrs) 2.Correct electrolyte imbalance and give frusemide 100 mg 1-2 hours 3.Other methods to decrease serum calcium are: a.Salmon calcitonin 200-400 IU 8 hourly subcutaneously b.Mithramycin 25 ug/kg IV c.Neutral pho... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
ee57ffbf-2fb2-425f-940e-9a34b001ab12 | The aqueous flare is best demonstrated by: | Biomicroscope | Keratoscope | Pentoscope | Ophthalmoscope | 0a | single | Ans. Biomicroscope | Ophthalmology | null |
f580117e-32fe-4ef7-9766-ce421c8592f6 | Best investigation when there is clinical suspicion of pulmonary embolism in a patient is - | D - Dimer assay | Multi detector CT angiography | Doppler ultrasound | Catheter angiography | 1b | single | CT pulminary angiography is the first-line diagnostic test.It has the advantages of visualising the distribution and extent of the emboli,or highlighting an alternative diagnosis,such as consolidation,pneumothorax, or aoic dissection.A definitive diagnosis of PE depends on visualisation of an intraluminal filling defec... | Medicine | Respiratory system |
2d4ba40b-5ed0-4b41-a69d-d698e96c5bf5 | In EEG, delta waves are seen: | Due to reticular system | When the thalamus is cut off from pons | In deep sleep Type | These originate from thalamocortical area | 2c | single | Ans. C. In deep sleep Type Frequency (Hz)LocationNormallyPathologicallyDeltaup to 3frontal, high amplitude (20- 200uV)Adults*deep sleep* infants* subcortical lesions* diffuse lesionsTheta4-7 HzParietal and temporal regions* young children*drowsiness (early sleep)* focal subcortical lesionsAlpha8 -12 HzParietal and occi... | Physiology | Nervous System |
d5be8b4e-59a8-4a63-9ec2-145ab47a11dc | Mottled enamel occurs due to: | Fluorosis | Trauma | Hypocalcemia | Congenital syphilis | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
22ddfdcc-7b40-4b0d-bc14-e61f341643c7 | Thimble bladder is seen in - | Tuberculosis | Pyelonephritis | Radiation cystitis | Chemical cystitis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Tuberculosis o Bladder tuberculosis is almost always secondaryto renal tuberculosiso The disease starts at the ureteric opening, the earliest evidence being pallor of the mucosa due to submucosal edema.o Subsequently tiny white transluscent tubercles develop all over. Gradually these tubercles enlarge... | Surgery | Miscellaneous (Bladder) |
0343a5b4-6ed7-4b6e-bb3c-1321ff16e6ee | "Crumbled egg appearance" in liver is seen in? | Hepatic adenoma | Chronic amoebic liver abscess | Hydatid liver disease | Haemangioma | 2c | single | Ans is 'c' i.e., Hydatid liver disease | Surgery | null |
8da0c3de-aea8-4f81-b337-9eb600acaf4e | Alkalinization of urine ameliorates the toxicity of which of the following drugs | Arabinoside -cytosine | Ifosfamide | Cisplatin | Methotrexate | 3d | single | refer Goodman Gilman 12/e p85 Alkalinization of urine speeds the clearance of weakly acidic drugs like. Aspirin Phenobarbitone Chlotpropapamide Methotrexate | Pharmacology | Chemotherapy |
2df5dc3d-2be8-497f-bab0-ebf48530c587 | Cystic hygroma may be associated with: | Turner's syndrome | Klinefelter's syndrome | Down's syndrome | All of the above | 0a | multi | Cystic hygroma Cystic hygromas are multiloculated cystic spaces lined by endothelial cells It results due to sequestration of a poion of jugular lymph sac from the lymphatic system Cysts are filled with clear lymph and are lined by endothelium Turner's syndrome is associated with cystic hygroma Most cystic hygromas inv... | Surgery | Neck |
a5d18337-4e48-4588-a6b6-0409581fb6db | Minimum separable distance for two-point threshold test is greatest at? | Lips | Palm of hand | Back of scapula | Dorsum of hand | 2c | single | The size of the receptive fields for light touch can be measured by the two-point threshold test. In this procedure, the two points on a pair of calipers are simultaneously positioned on the skin and one determines the minimum distance between the two caliper points that can be perceived as separate points of stimulati... | Physiology | Nervous system |
618ba8dd-b93b-4762-a578-79602882b303 | Osmotic adaptations are all except | Due to osmolysis | In brain cells | Due to urea & glucose mainly | Protects against large H2O shift | 2c | multi | null | Physiology | null |
555781f4-8aff-4159-9cf5-149f27324f75 | Erotomania is seen in: NEET 13 | Bipolar mania | Unipolar mania | Neurosis | Obsessive compulsive disorder | 0a | single | Ans. Bipolar mania | Forensic Medicine | null |
06e32bf6-fabc-4092-8270-38b2ac833576 | Antibodies to one of the following infection are not transmitted to a child – | Measles | Pertusis | Diphtheria | Polio | 1b | single | Protective Antibodies against pertussis do not cross placenta.
So, early immunization is desired. | Pediatrics | null |
bca7c58b-ed56-430e-b47f-12bfa083088a | According to Herrington classification the decerebrate rigidity is characterised by all EXCEPT | Rigidity occurs all muscles of the body | Increased in the rate of discharge of the 'y' efferent neuron | Increased excitability of the motor neuron pool | Decerebration produces no phenomenon akin to spinal shock | 0a | multi | (Rigidity occurs in all muscles of the body) (210-11 Ganong 22nd) (692- Guyton 11th) (247- Ganong 23rd)DECEREBRATE - RIGIDITY -* When the brain stem of an animal is sectioned below the mid level of the mesencephalon. But the pontine and medullary reticular system as well as the vestibular system are left intact, the an... | Physiology | Nervous System |
727f2fb5-55bf-4f3a-9d6e-2f5d465c1820 | BCRABL gene mutation is seen in?
(A)CML
(B)AML
(C)CLL
(D)ALL | B | C | A | D | 2c | multi | Chronic Myeloid leukemia o Chronic myeloid leukemia is a stem cell disease that is characterized by leucocytosis with granulocyc immaturies, basophilia,
splenomegaly and disnct chromosomal abnormality - Philadelphia (Ph') chromosome. It is one of the chronic myeloproliferave disorders.
Pathogenesis of chronic mveloid l... | Pathology | null |
cf45ae1c-0f7c-4bb7-8a47-d955393746da | An infant brought to emergency, unresponsive, bradycardia, shallow breathing. Next step of management: | IV epinephrine | IV atropine | Stabilize the airway and assist breathing | Cardiopulmonary resuscitation | 3d | multi | d. Cardiopulmonary resuscitationThe sequence of resuscitation in infants & children is C-A-B (compressions, airway, breathing) rather than A-B-C i.e initiate CPR with chest compressions, rather than with rescue breaths | Pediatrics | Respiratory System |
5d0d25fe-d12c-4a6f-916f-495aee7b985a | Which protein prevents contraction by covering binding sites on action and myosin : | Troponin | Calmodulin | Thymosin | Tropomyosin | 3d | single | D i.e. Tropomyosin | Physiology | null |
e2e661dc-aa30-4dfb-a0df-43a65ec78cc0 | The most common causative organism of canaliculitis is | HSV | Candida albicans | Actinomyces israelii | Nocardia asteroides | 2c | single | Chronic canaliculitis is an uncommon condition, frequently caused by Actinomyces israelii, anaerobic Gram-positive bacteria. Occasionally scarring and canalicular obstruction may result. Presentation is with unilateral epiphora associated with chronic mucopurulent conjunctivitis refractory to conventional treatment. Th... | Ophthalmology | Nasolacrimal Disorders |
5df8123d-d398-44ca-965d-8a5cfcde24f4 | Fever increase w ater losses by ______ ml/day per degree Celsius - | 100 | 200 | 400 | 800 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 200 ml/day per degree Celsius \ | Medicine | Infection |
6e57cf40-5e9e-42fd-aa04-bfca460aa3ac | In root, the inner cell layer of root sheath induce the formation of: | Coronal Dentin. | Ameloblasts. | Enamel. | Odontoblasts. | 3d | single | The inner cell layer of the root sheath forms from the inner enamel epithelium or ameloblasts in the crown, and enamel is produced. In the root, these cells induce odontoblasts of the dental papilla to differentiate and form dentin. The root sheath originates at the point that. | Dental | null |
42d53244-8534-4f87-9e75-6c3adedc8feb | The impression material with lowest viscosity is | Plaster of paris | Agar-agar | Zinc oxide eugenol | Elastomers | 0a | single | Impression plaster is a β-calcium sulfate hemihydrate used at a water/powder ratio of approximately 0.5 to 0.6. Its fluidity makes it suitable for making impressions of soft tissues in the uncompressed state, a characteristic of mucostatic impression material.
Ref: Phillips 12 ed page no 177 | Dental | null |
bffcc099-d30d-45e6-97f7-010c0b96d330 | PCR detects | Antigen | Antibody | Nucleic acid | All of the above | 2c | multi | Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is a technique used in molecular biology to amplify a single copy or a few copies of a piece of DNA across several orders of magnitude, generating thousands to millions of copies of a paicular DNA sequenceRef: DM Vasudevan, 7th edition, page no: 638 | Biochemistry | Metabolism of nucleic acids |
af4e3b0f-4651-42de-81e7-f9fac0864483 | Factors which help in descent of presenting pa during labour are all except | Uterine contraction and retraction | Straightening of the fetal axis | Bearing down effos | Resistance from the pelvic floor | 3d | multi | Factors facilitating descent are Uterine contraction and retraction Bearing down effos Straightening of the fetal ovoid specially after rupture of membranes | Anatomy | General obstetrics |
06ad97e1-e23c-48b1-a55a-d7a59c7d5fbe | Which of the following is the earliest sign of lead poisoning? | Facial pallor | Colic and constipation | Punctate basophilia | Encephalopathy | 0a | multi | Facial pallor paicularly of the mouth is the earliest and most consistent sign of chronic lead poisoning and is due to vasospasm. Chronic poisoning results from a daily intake of 1-2mg of lead. Other characteristic features of chronic lead poisoning are anaemia (punctate basophilia), lead line, colic and constipation, ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
c2120704-03d0-4b51-ac3d-c686fc19c83c | BRCA1 gene is located on? | Chromosome 12 | Chromosome 21 | Chromosome 17 | Chromosome 22 | 2c | single | BRCA1 gene is located on the chromosome 17. Mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, account for 80% of cases of familial breast cancer. In addition to breast cancer, women with BRCA1 mutation have a substantially higher risk of epithelial ovarian cancers & men have a slightly higher risk of prostate cancer. Likewise mutation in... | Pathology | null |
f175cb06-0cdb-48da-a01b-9d85f235c8a8 | Recruitment of follicles is caused by | LH | FSH | Inhibin β | GnRH | 1b | single | FSH is responsible for recruitment of follicles. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
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