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135
21eab320-6359-49df-ac2b-0082a098596a
All of the following are features of tonic pupil, EXCEPT:
It is caused by damage to oculomotor nerve
Accommodative paresis is present
Cholinergic supersensitivity of the denervated muscle is present
Reaction to light is absent and to near reflex is very slow and tonic
0a
multi
Tonic pupil results from damage to ciliary ganglion or sho ciliary nerves. Features of tonic pupil: Reaction to light is absent and to near reflex is very slow and tonic Accommodative paresis is present Affected pupil is larger It is generally unilateral Cholinergic supersensitivity of the denervated muscle occurs. Ass...
Ophthalmology
null
c0e5da66-c71e-40f0-8608-cb9a6d7fa65f
Spinal cord ends at lower border of which vertebra in adults -
L11
L1
L3
L5
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Li o Spinal cord begins at foramen magnum and, in adults, ends at the lower border of LI. Structure Extends up to # Adult spinal cord # Infant spinal cord Lower border of L1 or upper border of L2 Upper border of L3 vertebrae # Filum terminate # Pia mater Tip of the coccyx # Dural sheath # Subdural spa...
Unknown
null
a45e0dfd-9618-4257-a2d8-0722627975e0
Carboxypenicillins true is all except -
Nephrotoxic
Sensitive to penicillinase
Effective against pseudomonas
Platelet aggregation affected
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' l.e., Nephrotoxic Carboxvpeniciilins - Carbenicillin:o It is active against pseudomonas and indole positive proteus.o Klebsiella and gram positive cocci are unaffected by ito It is neither penicillinase resistant nor acid resistant,o It is inactive orally and is rapily excreted in urine in 1 hr.o At high do...
Pharmacology
Penicillin & Cephalosporin
a0c8b205-f560-4651-bba4-fe1a35ef1028
Which among the following parotid tumor spreads through neural sheath
Mixed parotid tumour
Adenocystic ca
Sq cell ca
Oxyphillic lymphoma
1b
single
Adenoid cystic carcinoma, which has a propensity for neural invasion, is the second most common malignancy in adults. Skip lesions along nerves are common and can lead to treatment failures because of the difficulty in treating the full extent of invasion. Adenoid cystic carcinomas have a high incidence of distant meta...
Surgery
Head and neck
7fb0c70c-3fdc-4d6b-8b86-7585a6572f32
All of the following are branches of maxillary artery except
Artery to pterygoid canal
Pharyngeal artery
Greater palatine artery
Ascending pharyngeal artery
3d
multi
Ascending pharyngeal artery is branch of external cartotid artery.
Anatomy
null
7629041b-8f13-4a5c-be28-0ac7f49221a8
Unilateral proptosis and bilateral 6th nerve palsy are seen in?
Cavernous sinus thrombosis
Meningitis
Hydrocephalus
None
0a
multi
Cavernous sinus thrombosis is usually a unilateral condition which caused rapid unilateral proptosis. The 6th nerve passes through the cavernous sinus, So bilateral 6th nerve palsy is seen. Later 3rd and 4th nerves are also involved. Clinical features of cavernous sinus thrombosis: Onset of cavernous sinus thrombosis i...
ENT
Nose and paranasal sinuses
2af342a5-6b6e-4b1a-8927-f812cc29c666
The best approach to prevent congenital anomalies in infants of diabetic mothers is to?
Discontinue insulin and begin glyburide
Switch from an oral hypoglycemic agent to insulin until 36-week of gestation
Provide continuous insulin infusion during labor and delivery
Maintain periconceptional tight control of maternal blood glucose levels
3d
single
.
Pharmacology
All India exam
6dc5657c-a26c-4c7d-b249-93168eaf1020
Eight year girl presented by her mother with sexual precocity. She may have the following disorder:
Hypehyroidism
Addison's disease
McCune Albright syndrome
Neuroblastoma
2c
single
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is classically manifested as a triad of irregular cafe au lait spots, fibrous dysplasia of long bones with cysts, and precocious pubey (sexual precocity). This is a sporadic disorder caused by somatic (postzygotic) activating mutations in the GSalpha subunit that links G protein-coupled r...
Pediatrics
null
a0525d56-0bb6-442a-abb7-04215133bdbf
Hinchey classification is used for perforations of colon secondary to -
Trauma
Carcinoma
Diverticulitis
Inflammatory enteropathy
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Diverticulitis * Hinchey Classification is used to describe perforations of the colon due to diverticulitis.* The Hinchey classification - proposed by Hinchey et al. in 1979 classifies a colonic perforation due to diverticular disease.* The classification is I-IV:i) Hinchey I - localised abscess (para...
Surgery
Small & Large Intestine
938853a3-4646-4f48-bc46-9e3e297e886d
The first laboratory test that becomes abnormal in acute hepatocellular failure is:
Prothrombin time (PT)
APTT
Decreased Albumin
Increased Aerial Ammonia
0a
single
Answer is A (Prothrombin time (PT)): An increased prothrombin time is the most frequently observed first laboratory test suggesting the possibility of hepatocellular failure. Early liver failure may be suspected based on isolated prolongation of the Prothrombin Time (PT). Patients with early hepatocellular failure may ...
Medicine
null
8bb9df52-1dbe-49b1-b957-a30c97e17156
A 42-year-old woman with benign ovarian tumor presents with ascites and breathlessness. CXR is performed. The clinical diagnosis is?
Meigs syndrome
Dressier syndrome
Budd-Chiari syndrome
Cholangiocarcinoma
0a
single
Ans. A Meigs syndromeRef: CMDT 2019 page 323* The CXR shows presence of right sided pleural effusion along with history of ascites and a benign ovarian tumor. This a triad seen in Meigs syndrome.* Choice B is seen in post MI patients* Choice C leads to acute onset ascites and right upper quadrant pain* Choice D leads t...
Physiology
Misc.
832ec1a2-99db-4673-9c7b-5750d5ea2988
The sensitivity of uterine musculature is
Enhanced by progesterone
Enhanced by estrogen
Inhibited by estrogen
Enhanced by estrogen and Inhibited by progesterone
3d
single
Progesterone reduces muscle excitability by increasing calcium binding, thereby reducing free intracellular calcium. Oestrogen has the opposite effect and increases myometrial excitability.Refer page no 106 of Textbook of obstetrics, Sheila Balakrishnan, 2 nd edition.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
e2caf3e1-172d-4163-b42e-a9a75317bf70
A patient with hypersplenism underwent splenectomy. The most probable oppounistic infection in this patient after the procedure is:
E. coli
Pneumococci
Meningococci
Staphylococci
1b
single
The most serious consequence of splenectomy is increased susceptibility to bacterial infections, paicularly those with capsules such as Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and some gram-negative enteric organisms. Patients under age 20 years are paicularly susceptible to overwhelming sepsis with S. pneumo...
Surgery
null
1eb901dd-422a-458b-ab13-f684e54ffb7d
A female is admitted in the ICU with the symptoms of GBS. She is getting these symptoms for the third time during few weeks. Nerve biopsy reveals onion-bulb appearance. What can be the MOST probable diagnosis?
Amyloidotic neuropathy
Diabetic neuropathy
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy
Leprotic neuropathy
2c
single
Chronic inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy (CIDP):An acute-onset form of CIDP should be considered when GBS deteriorates >9 weeks after onset or relapses at least three times.This neuropathy shares many features with the common demyelinating form of GBS, including elevated CSF protein levels and the Edx findings...
Pathology
null
829e715b-3435-4089-ac2a-783a5ced2b2b
Paranasal polyp CT view?
Corona!
Axial
Sagital
3D
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Coronal Both coronal and axial view are used, but coronal views are best to study paranasal sinus polyps.
ENT
null
5088a53c-b215-4250-8949-73c02b6a2ad9
You are presented with a patient having a diffuse swelling in the neck bilaterally below the chin region. Intra orally the Lower molar is infected on left side Incision is made for drainage at?
Most prominent part of swelling
Most dependent part of swelling
Choose the area were esthetics is not compromised
All of the above
3d
multi
null
Surgery
null
a43c22af-334e-460d-8aa5-b9d25708f1c2
Biochemical oxygen demand is calculated to know ----- wastes -
Organic
Inorganic
Total solid
None
0a
multi
Biochemical oxygen demand is an impoant test done on sewage. It is defined as the amount of oxygen adsorbed by a sample of sewage during a specified period, generally 5 days, at a specified temperature for the aerobic destruction or use of organic matter by living organisms. If BOD more than 300mg/L - strong sewage Les...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
72de85f4-4b75-4259-b069-9ce32c412dc0
Corneal endothelial counting is done by?
Tachymetry
Pachymetry
Specular microscope
Perimetry
2c
single
Ans. (c) Specular microscopeRef : Yanoff 3/d, p 83
Ophthalmology
Cornea
7454e55f-64fc-45c2-ac97-18511f89c772
Macrophage, granuloma, erythrophagocytosis are found in
Ulcerative colitis
Necrotising enterocolitis
Regional ileitis
All
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Regional ileitisThere is confusion between option c & d because macrophage and granuloma are seen in crohn's disease (Regional ileitis), while erythrophagocytosis is seen in typhoid fever.o Regional Ileitis or crohn's disease has the histological features of transmural inflammatory cell infiltrate con...
Pathology
null
cdc7c315-8e98-4ef6-bcd7-3a1a0c74d331
Which of the following is an optically inactive amino acid?
Threonine
Tyrosine
Glycine
Serine
2c
multi
Optical properties: All the amino acids except glycine possess optical isomers due to the presence of asymmetric carbon atom. Ref: Satyanarayan 3rd edition page no: 49
Biochemistry
null
ee274298-b680-4aad-881f-c992d2c3daba
Percentiles divides the data into _____ equal pas
100
50
10
25
0a
single
A percentile (or a centile) is a measure used in statistics indicating the value below which a given percentage of observations in a group of observations falls. There is no standard definition of percentile,. however all definitions yield similar results when the number of observations is very large and the probabilit...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Biostatistics
041cc3ed-2dc3-42bb-bf0f-541896b0a87e
Most common site involved in genital TB -
Fallopian tubes
Endometrium
Ovaries
Vulvo - vaginal part
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Fallopian tubes Genital tuberculosiso Almost always a secondary infectiono Most common route of spread is hematogenous.o Most common site is bilateral fallopian tubes, (in fallopian tubes most common part affected is ampulla and most common pathology encountered is endosalpingitis).o Most common in 20...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Tuberculosis of the Genital Tract
90811af8-fc0f-4b74-8630-63306c1e545f
Lateral dislocation of patella is prevented by
Rectus femoris
Vastus medialis
Vastus lateralis
Vastus intermedius
1b
single
The lateral border provides inseion to vastus lateralis in its upper one-third or half. The medial border provides inseion to the vastus medialis in its upper two-thirds or more. Ref : B D Chaurasia's Humsn Anatomy , seventh edition , volume 2 , pg, no. 22
Anatomy
Lower limb
c6704c1b-ec70-47a4-80f7-9762e8bcd606
Posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh supplies skin overlying:
Medial aspect of thigh
Posteroinferior aspect of buttock
Scrotum
All
3d
multi
A i.e. Medial aspect of thigh; B i.e. Posteroinferior aspect of buttock; C i.e. Scrotum
Anatomy
null
916b8290-bbc3-4f22-9b27-6a72c8cafcb1
Post operative radiotherapy in breast is given for?
To prevent metastasis
Ablation of remnant of cancer tissue
To prevent recurrence
Prevents distal metastasis
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e. To prevent recurrence
Surgery
null
6b70c2af-9a94-4ecf-a07a-42f7309d2e57
Wilson’s disease is?
AR
AD
XR
XD
0a
single
Wilson’s disease is an autosomal recessive disorder. Autosomal recessive disorders 1) Metabolic - Cystic fibrosis, Phenyl ketonuria, Galactosemia, Homocystinuria, Lysosomal storage dis, al- antitrypsin deficiency, Wilson disease, Hemochromatosis, Glycogen storage disorders 2) Hematological - Sickle cell anemia, Thalass...
Pathology
null
2ab33225-2e29-4e94-96d1-c9a23ca34a99
Most common type of hyppospadias is?
Glandular
Penile
Scrotal
Perineal
0a
single
Ans. (a) GlandularRef. Bailey & Love 24th edp 1389
Surgery
Anatomy (Urethra & Penis)
307d375e-95d9-4907-8f09-0da8426a5b19
Which of the following therapy is known to stimulate progenitor megakaryocytes and used in Rx of Cancer Chemotherapy-Induced Thrombocytopenia?
IL-2
IL-6
IL-8
IL-11
3d
single
IL-11 (oprelvekin) is approved for use in the setting of expected thrombocytopenia, but its effects on platelet counts are small, and it is associated with side effects such as headache, fever, malaise, syncope, cardiac arrhythmias, and fluid retention.
Pathology
All India exam
b9cb73f1-12e0-40ae-83b7-353755006713
The reward or pleasure center is present in
Ventral tegmental area
Ventromedial medulla
Magnus raphe nucleus
Locus coeruleus
0a
single
null
Physiology
null
0a765deb-0d9b-4b03-89a0-60cff2fe3491
Sumoylation of histones proteins is associated with
Activation of gene transcription
Condensation of chromosome
Transcription repression
Inactivation of gene transcription
2c
single
Sumoylation of histones is associated with Transcription repression Histone post-translational modifications & their role: Post-translational modifications Role Acetylation of histones H3 and H4 Activation or inactivation of gene transcription Acetylation of core histones Chromosomal assembly during DNA replication Pho...
Biochemistry
Basics of DNA
dd2f2b9e-4212-40ae-be89-33a582f19dc6
Treatment of choice for scabies in an infant < 6 months is?
BHC
Ivermactin
Permathrin
Crotomiton
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Permathrin Treatment of scabies in children* Topical permethrin (5% cream) is a safe and effective scabicide in children. It is recommended as a first-line therapy for patients older than 2 months of age. Because there are theoretical concerns regarding percutaneous absorption of permethrin in inf ant...
Skin
Scabies
f4ed60f6-a828-4619-9f96-ec96800a2c63
Beaded margin of eyelid is seen in
Erythema granuloma annulare
Leprosy
Granuloma annulare
Lipoid proteinosis
3d
single
Lipoid proteinosis is a rare, recessively inherited disorder, characterized by infiltration of the skin, oral cavity and larynx. Patients with this genodermatosis can usually be recognized instantly because of husky voice, inability to protrude tongue and thickened eyelids.
Ophthalmology
Diseases of orbit, Lids and lacrimal apparatus
df5291dc-52d3-48c7-9814-bbc1fc86093a
Best way to diagnose gall bladder stones: March 2007
USG
Oral cholecystography
Percutaneous transhepatic cholangiography
Intravenous cholangiogram
0a
multi
Ans. A: USG In Europe and USA 80% of the stones are cholesterol or mixed type. In Asia, 80% of the stones are pigment stones On the basis of their contents, gallstones can be subdivided into the two following types: Cholesterol stones are usually green, but are sometimes white or yellow in color. They are made primaril...
Surgery
null
a1e40ee6-0933-41b9-ae9f-6e1b6d9c40b3
Vascular repair to be done in which Gustilo Anderson type?
Inc
I
II
IlIb
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Mc Treatment of Open Fractures Gustilo's classification of open fractures : Type I Small clean puncture wound with/ without protruded bone spike. Low energy non-comminuted fracture(low energy trauma). Little soft tissue injury with no crushing. Type II More than 1 cm long wound. Moderate soft tissue d...
Surgery
null
b246ec5e-7cc1-4d1b-a147-a200ad497fb8
You have been directed by a class - I judicial magistrate to provide "Compos mentis". "Compos mentis" is associated with which of the following?
Exhumation of a buried body
Dowry death
Dying declaration
Death in police custody
2c
single
A judicial magistrate is the optimal person to record a dying declaration, but before recording the statement the doctor should ceify that the person is conscious and his mental faculties are normal. This is called "compos mentis". Also know S.32 IEA deals with dying declaration Ref: Textbook of Forensic Medicine and T...
Forensic Medicine
null
b842d077-444e-4aa2-99c9-c96b8c64a371
The difference in molecular weight between Phenylalanine & Tyrosine is by :
17
16
64
32
1b
single
Usually students tend to mark 17 as the answer. Phenylalanine gets conveed to Tyrosine by enzyme Phenylalanine Hydroxylase. Most Hydroxylases are Mono-oxygenases i.e. EC No. 1. In hydroxylation reactions, only one oxygen atom from the molecular oxygen is added because H was already present in the phenylalanine. So, cha...
Biochemistry
Phenylalanine and Tyrosine metabolism Detail
8e802c79-24b6-4114-a9f6-5dfa8f25ce30
Amphotericin-B is obtained from:
Streptomyces nodosus
Streptomyces pimprina
Streptomyces nousseri
Streptomyces fragilis
0a
single
POLYENE ANTI BIOTICS The name polyene is derived from their highly double-bonded structure. Amphotericin B is described as the prototype. Amphotericin B (AMB): It is obtained from Streptomyces nodosus ESSENTIALS OF MEDICAL PHARMACOLOGY K.D.TRIPATHI SIXTH EDITION PAGE NO:757
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
179ef253-5552-4848-96cc-e544f5c4cd80
Cavitary lesions are chacteristically seen in
SLE
Wegeners granulomatosis
Classical PAN
d)
1b
multi
Ans bLung involvement typically appears as multiple, b/L nodular cavitary infil-trate. Biopsy almost invariably shows typical necrotizing granulomatous vasculitis of small arteries and veins together with granuloma formation. WG is a distinct clinicopathological entity characterised by a granuloma-tous vasculitis of up...
Medicine
Respiratory
e09491a1-829b-404c-8031-aa08f5734000
28-year-old pregnant lady comes to the ER with headache, blurring of vision and vomiting. On examination, her BP is 195/150 mm Hg, ankle edema present, urinary proteinuria present. On inquiry, she is primi and it is 23 weeks of gestation. All on a sudden, she develops convulsion. Intravenous magnesium sulphate is intro...
Nifedipine
Metoproplof
Methyldopa
Olmesartan
1b
multi
Answer: b) MetoprololMethyldopa is still the drug of choice for many obstetricians in pregnancy, because extensive experience has shown that it does not harm the fetus.Nifedipine is also used in pregnancy, but it is kept in second class. Nifedipine can reduce BP immediately and it is unpredictable even sometimes large ...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Miscellaneous (Gynae)
f1dbe884-4b3b-4f22-9f86-ad7f6899a631
Which of the following is the most common postoperative complication related to intubation: March 2011
Malposition
Bleeding
Sore throat
Abductor Paralysis
2c
single
Ans. C: Sore throat Sore throat (pharyngitis, laryngitis) is the most common post-operative complication of intubation It usually subsides within 2-3 days without any treatment
Anaesthesia
null
2fcc97d1-e39d-4afc-8c57-a6f7f9ac6b73
Which one of the follwing is the ECG hallmark of hypothermia-
Prominent U wave
Inveed T wave
Bizarre QRS wave
Osborne J wave
3d
multi
ECG Changes in Hypothermia Hypothermia may produce the following ECG abnormalities: Bradyarrhythmias (see below) Osborne Waves (= J waves) Prolonged PR, QRS and QT intervals Shivering aefact Ventricular ectopic Cardiac arrest due to VT, VF or asystole Ref Harrison 20th edition pg 1445
Medicine
C.V.S
fe6a297b-ddc0-4512-8c0c-ae10994564e5
In Guinea worm prophylaxis, all are true, except ?
Acute search of new cases
Identification of carriers
Mass treatment with Mebendazole
Health education to people to use a sieve for straining drinking water
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Mass t/t with mebendazole o No drug is suitable for effective mass treatment of Dracunculiasis. o The drugs effective for t/t of cases of Dracunculiasis Niridazole Mebendazoel Metronidazole
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
4660286f-89d5-4cd1-a74f-76642930eb80
A 20-year-old young girl, presents with history of rapidly developing hirsutism and amenorrhea with change in voice. To establish a diagnosis you would like to proceed with which of the following tests in blood:
17 OH progesterone
DHEA
Testosterone
LH + FSH estimation
2c
single
null
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
e54701f7-0a51-4ae6-a584-0caf69ff4edf
Cross bite is a
Mesio distal malocclusion
Bucco lingual malocclusion
Vertical malocclusion
None of the above
1b
multi
null
Dental
null
92499857-a5e6-4ebf-8a68-781fd8fdf4c7
Which of the following drugs should not be used in a setting of severe hypertension in elderly on empirical basis ?
Enalapril
Amlodipine
Chlorthiazide
Prazosin
3d
single
null
Medicine
null
edde6c70-edc4-41f9-bd2a-c96a2a2397b1
Apocrine mode of secretion is classically seen in _______ glands?
Mammary
Sebaceous
Parotid
Meibomian gland
0a
multi
Apocrine mode of secretion is seen in Mammary gland Modes of Secretion of exocrine glands can be classified as - Merocrine Apocrine Holocrine
Dental
Disorders of sebaceous and sweat glands
d53ca9dc-791b-42a5-b7cc-1a40dd5ec013
Areas of carcinoma of oral mucosa can be identified by staining with:
1% zinc chloride
2% silver nitrate
Gentian violet
2% toluidine blue
3d
single
Toluidine Blue Toluidine blue is a basic metachromatic dye with high affinity for acidic tissue components, thereby staining tissues rich in DNA and RNAQ. Wide applications both as vital staining in living tissues and as a special stain used in vivo to identify dysplasia and carcinoma of the oral cavityQ.
Surgery
Oral cavity
2001f33c-3395-4e3b-ab8c-ebad97bc1ae0
Syndrome x not found in
DM II
Dyslipidemia
High triglycerides
Weight loss
3d
single
(D) (Weight loss) (1992-95-H 18th)* Syndrome X is much more common in patients who are obese.Metabolic' syndrome (syndrome X) or Insulin resistance syndrome (805- Davidson 22nd)* DM type II* Hypertension* Dyslipidaemia * Over weight/obesity* Central adiposity is a key feature of the syndrome* Sedentary life style* Agin...
Medicine
Endocrinology
39acc331-c2fb-402f-a71b-06f12d87595a
Trisomy of which chromosome is associated with uterine fibroids?
Trisomy 10
Trisomy 11
Trisomy 12
Trisomy 14
2c
single
Fibroids are monoclonal and about 40% have chromosomal abnormalities that include translocations between chromosomes 12 and 14, deletions of chromosome 7, and trisomy of chromosome 12.Cellular, atypical, and large fibroids are most likely to show chromosomal abnormalities.Ref: Berek and Novak&;s Gynecology; 15th editio...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Uterine fibroid
f6fefcac-de68-4bcd-8e2d-a021ff35e8f9
What percentage of the blood flow to the liver is supplied by the hepatic aery -
90%
20%
40%
60%
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 20 %
Surgery
null
8cf45e6a-77bb-4f17-a72e-c35f1a60342d
Arsenic is useful in treatment of
Acute promyelocytic leukemia
Myelodyplastic syndrome
Transient myelproliferative disorder
All of the above
0a
multi
Refer Harrison 17th/389 AS2O3 promote the differentition of APL cells and promote apoptosis by upregulating the genes involved in apoptosis. It is used for the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia
Pharmacology
Chemotherapy
605a3d90-8b7e-4fec-b962-41907aa21400
Defective hepatic conjugation is seen in all the following except -
Neonatal jaundice
Gilbe syndrome
Crigler-Najjar syndrome
Novobiocin therapy
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Novobiocin therapy
Pediatrics
null
f1dd9b27-cff8-4da2-b336-6326410b8094
Lumbar plexus is situated in
Anterior portion of psoas
Posterior portion of psoas
Anterior portion of quadratus lumborum
Posterior portion of quadratus lumborum
1b
single
Ans. b (Posterior portion of psoas) (Ref. BDC anatomy Vol. II 3rd ed., 278)LUMBAR PLEXUS# The lumbar plexus lies in the posterior part of the substance of the PSOAS MAJOR muscle.# It is formed by the ventral rami of the upper 4 lumbar nerves.Its branches include:- Ilioinguinal nerve (L1)- Lateral cutaneous nerve of the...
Anatomy
Nerves of Abdomen
f3d737d6-a0df-4a32-8cd5-1b0d0cbe5211
A patient has a goiter associated with high plasma levels of both TRH and TSH. Her hea rate is elevated. This patient most likely has which condition?
An endemic goiter
A hypothalamic tumor secreting large amounts of TRH
A pituitary tumor secreting large amounts of TSH
Graves' disease
1b
multi
A hypothalamic tumor secreting large amounts of TRH would stimulate the pituitary gland to secrete increased amounts of TSH. As a result, the secretion of thyroid hormones would increase, which would result in an elevated hea rate. In comparison, a patient with either a pituitary tumor secreting large amounts of TSH or...
Physiology
Endocrine System
b4f59fee-8a6d-453d-b708-0056d5fdfe74
Which of the following statement about the primary lymphedema is NOT TRUE?
Onset between 2-35 years indicate lymphedema praecox
Onset after 35 years indicate lymphedema tarda
Lymphangiosarcoma never occurs
A/W Milroy's disease
2c
multi
Primary Lymphedema: It has been generally been classified on the basis of the age of onset and presence of familial clustering. Primary lymphedema with onset before the age first year (with in two year according to L & B) of life is called is called congenital. The familial version of congenital lymphedema is known as ...
Surgery
null
fb62e315-1bdb-4842-a245-767538fdd185
WHO recommended tetanus toxoid dose/s to prevent maternal and neonatal tetanus for a pregnant woman whose previous immunization status is not known is/are -
1
2
3
4
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., 2 * Guidelines recommeded for prevention of neonatal tetanus are:-1) Training of birth attendants to provide clean delivery. Clean delivery mainly concentrates on three things:i) Hand (of attendant)ii) Delivery surfaceiii) Cord3 cleans5 cleans7 cleans (proposed under RCH+III)Clean HandClean HandsClean...
Medicine
Infection
12a1b6a7-7709-475a-b580-2e852a54c825
EGFR antagonist, Cetuximab is used in cases of
Palliative treatment of head and neck cancer
Anal canal carcinoma
Gastric carcinoma
Small cell lung carcinoma
0a
multi
Cetuximab and pemtumomab are directed against the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), a transmembrane glycoprotein involved in signaling pathways affecting growth and proliferation of tumor cells. Both cetuximab and pemtumomab, when given alone, have been shown to benefit a small propoion of previously treated pat...
Surgery
All India exam
4da8a2b0-7c9d-4b93-a2b0-eb5b64db0f0c
The Mechel's diverticulum is situated within about cm from the ileocecal valve -
25
60
75
100
1b
single
null
Surgery
null
a2baec8e-32ee-44a3-a36b-de399c141844
The sodium gradient across the nerve cell membrane IS:
A result of the Donnan equilibrium
Significantly changed during an action potential
Used as a source of energy for the transport of other ions
An important determinant of the resting membrane potential
2c
single
The sodium- potassium pump uses the energy contained in ATP to maintain the sodium gradient across the membrane. The sodium gradient, in turn, is used to transport other substances across the membrane. For example, the NaCa exchanger uses the energy in the sodium gradient to help maintain the low intracellular calcium ...
Unknown
null
6c2fbed8-f300-451d-92ce-5ea00e9ad6af
Late hyperglycemia in pregnancy is associated with:
Macrosomia
IUGR
Postmaturity
Congenital malformation
0a
single
“Hyperglycemia at the time of conception results in enhanced rates of spontaneous abortion and major congenital malformations. Hyperglycemia in later pregnancy increases the risk for macrosomia, hypocalcemia, polycythemia, respiratory difficulties, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure.” COGDT 10/e, p 316 Macros...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
9767c8f6-b086-4cab-92d3-43c3cdcb96f5
A male 45 year old presents to the clinic for general routine checkup. The patient is hypertensive and diabetic and is on medication. General examination reveals RBS levels 180 mg/dl and elevated levels of HDL. Which of the following is not true regarding the lipoprotein levels of the patient?
Directly related to the incidence of atherosclerosis
Varies reciprocally with plasma triacylglycerol concentrations
Varies directly with the activity of lipoprotein lipase
It is rich in cholesterol, and its sole apolipoprotein is apo E
0a
multi
HDL concentrations vary reciprocally with plasma triacylglycerol concentrations and directly with the activity of lipoprotein lipase. This may be due to surplus surface constituents, eg, phospholipid and apo A-I, being released during hydrolysis of chylomicrons and VLDL and contributing toward the formation of preβ-HDL...
Biochemistry
null
046fd89c-04ff-493b-9441-e65adc6fd011
Which of the following organelle plays a pivotal role in apoptotic pathways?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi complex
Mitochondria
Nucleus
2c
single
Mitochondria are essential in controlling specific apoptosis pathways. The redistribution of cytochrome c, as well as apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), from mitochondria during apoptosis leads to the activation of a cascade of intracellular proteases known as caspases. Ref: Beal M.F., Hauser S.L. (2012). Chapter 366. Bi...
Pathology
null
30e178bf-4d09-4343-9bd4-b6f0193ec7db
What is net reproduction rate?
No. of female children a newborn girl has in her life time taking into account mortality
No. of female children a newborn girl has in her life time
No. of male children a newborn girl has in her life time
No. of children a newborn girl has in her left time
0a
single
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5fee6b27-0716-4dab-9d5b-1e2016da9da7
Raised serum level of lipoprotein-a is a predictor of -
Cirrhosis of liver
Rheumatic ahritis
Atherosclerosis
Cervical cancer
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Atherosclerosis Lipoprotein - (a) o Lp (a) is a lipoprotein similar to LDL in lipid and protein composition, but it contains an additional protein called apolipoprotein (a). o Elevated level of Lp (a) is associated with increased risk of atherosclerosis. o How does Lp (a) increase the risk of atherosc...
Pathology
null
a7874a0c-b107-42f6-9edd-72dc556b0d03
Best time for surgery of Undescended testis is:
Just after bih
6 months of age
12 months of age
24 months of age
1b
single
Management: Orchidopexy, Ideal time: 6-12 months of age. (Best time is 6 months) Types of Orchiopexy 1. Fowler-Stephens orchidopexy 2. Microvascular testicular autotransplanatation (Best results) 3. Ladd and Gross orchidopexy 4. Ombridanne's orchidopexy 5. Placing testis in Daos pouch 6. Keetley-Torek orchidopexy Diagn...
Surgery
Testis and scrotum
78dae398-d167-44b7-b0cc-acf62218b6c9
IFN-a and IFN-b are produced by the virus-infected cell due to the interaction of virus nucleic acid with which of the following?
C3 (third component of complement)
Defensins
TLR pathway
IL-12
2c
single
Following virus entry into a cell, the virus initiates replication and the viral nucleic acid interacts with specific microbial sensors (TLR3, TLR7, TLR 9, RIG-1, and MDA-5). This interaction triggers cellular production of IFN that is secreted from the infected cell.Jawetz 27e pg: 130
Microbiology
Immunology
9710d1ea-5cf3-4dfe-bbd9-e135ae0dd4e5
Incubation period of staphylococcal food poisoning is:
4-6 hrs
6-12 hrs
12-18 hrs
18-24 hrs
0a
single
Ans.is 'a' i.e., 4-6 hours (Ref: Ananthanarayan, 9th/e, p. 202 and 8th/e, p. 198)* Incubation period of staphylococcal food poisoning is 1-6 hours.* Toxin can be detected by ELISA, Latex agglutination test and toxin gene detection by PCR.
Microbiology
Bacteria
9f31e030-568a-4ecc-b2fb-dc24a8c36521
Mammography can be used in -
Early breast carcinoma
Mastitis
Fibroadenoma
Phyllodes tumor
0a
single
null
Radiology
null
210bf36a-02f0-4d5c-b191-7d8815f4ed40
All of the statements regarding progesterone only pill are true, except
Inhibits ovulation
Failure rate is the same as combined OCP
Irregular bleeding is a known complication
Acts by altering the cervical mucous
1b
multi
Failure rate of combined OCP is 0.2/100 women years, whereas failure rate of progesterone only pill is about 0.5 - 2 per 100 women years of use. Progesterone only pill acts by thickening cervical mucous, causing atrophy of endometrium or by inhibiting ovulation.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
e3005cdc-a5c1-4c83-b633-202f23207576
False about TGA
Cyanosis at bih
CHF
VSD
AS
3d
multi
Patient with comlete TGA with intact ventricular septum will be cyanotic at bih. TGA may be associated with VSD. Patient may develop CHF within Weeks. Arotic stenosis is not a feature of TGA. Ref: Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:425
Pediatrics
C.V.S
aa444a89-96e0-430f-8b21-0aa5a715daac
Roopa Devi, a 65-year-old female with ovarian cancer is being treated with cisplatin-bassed chemotherapy. All of the following are used to limit the toxicity of cisplatin except:
N-acetylcysteine
Slow rate of infusion
Chloride diuresis
Amifostine
0a
multi
(Ref: Harrison 18th/697) The patient de3scribed in the question has hemorrhagic cystitis caused by drugs like cyclophospamide or ifosfamide is caused by the urinary excretion of the toxic metabolite acrolein. This can be prevented by aggressive hydration, bladder irrigation, and administration of mesna, a sulfhydryl co...
Pharmacology
Other topics and Adverse effects
66c76860-25b1-4315-9d53-a58184da389d
Wermer's syndrome (multiple endocrine neoplasia type I) is characterised by all of the following except-
Tumours of anterior pituitary
Tumours of parathyroids
Pancreatic adenomas
Phaeochromocytoma
3d
multi
MEN type 1 (MEN 1), which is also referred to as Wermer's syndrome, is characterized by the triad of tumors involving the parathyroids, pancreatic islets (gastrinomas, insulinomas, nonfunctioning and PPoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma) and anterior pituitary (prolactinoma, somatotrophinoma, coicotropinoma, nonfunctioning). Ref...
Medicine
Endocrinology
50994534-2a5b-44da-a34f-b03949407660
Which of the following is the meaning of 'Corpus delicti' in forensic medicine?
Essence of crime
Inquest into death
Postmoem examination
Death by asphyxia
0a
single
The Corpus delicti (the body of offence or the essence of crime) means, the facts of any criminal offence, i.e., murder. The main pa of corpus delicti is the establishment of identity of the dead body, and identification of violence in a paicular way, at a paicular time and place, by the person or persons charged with ...
Forensic Medicine
null
a3cd956c-7c5a-434d-9ccd-498e5e9f60b7
Unit of absorbed dose of radiation -
Curie
Roentgen
Gray
Becquerel
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Grayo 100 Rad is equal to 1 gray or 1 rad is equal to 0[?]01 gray.Quantity measuredOld unitNew (SI) unit RadioactivityCurieBecquerel1 curie = 3[?]7 x 1010 Becquerel1 Becquerel = 2[?]7 x 10-11 curieRadiation exposureRoentgenColumb/cm Absorbed doseRadGray (Gy)100 rad = 1 Gray1 rad = 0[?]01 GrayDose equi...
Radiology
Radiation Dose and Safety Considerations in Imaging
903533aa-5777-444f-ad98-b96197a6916e
Which of the following is Climber's muscle -
Serratus anterior
Lattissimus Dorsi
Rhomboidus major
Subscapu laris
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Lattissimus Dorsi o Lattissimus Dorsi is sometimes referred as the 'Climber's muscles' as it comes in visible action in climbing up the trees, so also in swimming and rowing.Special nameMuscleBoxers muscleSerratus anteriorTailer's muscleSartoriusRider's muscleAdductors of thighClimber's muscleLattissi...
Anatomy
Thorax
7cef39c0-1f0c-4094-89a3-97390f1ab3aa
Which one of the following neurological conditions is not inherited in autosomal dominant pattern
Neurofibromatosis
Friedreich's ataxia
Marfan's syndrome
None
1b
multi
Friedreich ataxia Gene :FXN,locus:9q21.1 ; protein :frataxin; repeat GAA; normal: 7-34 ; Disease :34-80 (pre); >100 (full) Friedreich ataxia is an inherited condition that affects the nervous system and causes movement problems.This condition is caused by mutations in the FXN gene and is inherited in an autosomal reces...
Medicine
Genetics
0c74a0a9-c87a-42b4-9014-a769af34271c
Subtype of leprosy with maximum number of TH -1 cells -
TT
BB
LL
Borderline leprosy
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., TT TT --4. Max. no. of CD4 - T cells (TH -1) 11, --II. Max. no. of CD8 - T cells
Microbiology
null
ae354de0-1c44-4f8b-921e-0cd141bcad67
Which among the following is bile esculin positive and shows growth in 6.5% sodium chloride?
Streptococcus agalactiae
Streptococcus pneumoniae
Enterococcus faecalis
Streptococcus viridans
2c
single
- Enterococcus faecalis can- - Resist 6.5% NaCL - Resist 40% bile - Temperature of >55o C They are bile esculin positive. Bile esculin agar is used to culture. Black coloured colonies are seen. In gram staining, Spectacle like appearance is present
Microbiology
JIPMER 2019
960a2d7e-786c-4fe2-8c4a-424807d584f2
A 40-year-old man has been bothered by oral candidiasis, fever, and diarrhea for the past year. On physical examination, he has muscle wasting. His weight is 70% of normal for his height and age. He has generalized nontender lymphadenopathy, but no hepatosplenomegaly. He developed three irregular, 1- to 2-cm, reddish-p...
Hepatitis C virus
Herpes simplex virus
HIV
Mycobacterium leprae
2c
multi
The reddish-purple lesions are typical of Kaposi sarcoma in a patient with wasting syndrome, oral thrush, and lymphopenia characteristic of HIV infection with AIDS. Hepatitis C virus is unlikely to produce skin lesions or lymphopenia of this degree. Herpes simplex virus infections may be seen more frequently in HIV inf...
Pathology
Infectious Disease
cfe3ccd6-0a19-4427-b97c-fb1dde20f235
In a right-handed person, which of the following signs is not a characteristic feature of occlusion in the right middle cerebral aery?
Left hemoplegia with left UMN VII cranial nerve palsy
Left hemiplegia with aphasia
Left hemiplegia with right anosognosia
Left hemiplegia with left hemi-anaesthesia
1b
single
Middle cerebral aery syndrome is a condition whereby the blood supply from the middle cerebral aery (MCA) is restricted, leading to a reduction of the function of the poions of the brain supplied by that vessel: the lateral aspects of frontal, temporal and parietal lobes, the corona radiata, globus pallidus, caudate an...
Medicine
C.N.S
d28b441f-c7f3-4bb9-bfbf-d1c4b3fa7f89
A 56 year old female is brought to casualty with acute narrow angle glaucoma. She has severe pain in her eye and it spreads. The radiation of pain in acute narrow angle glaucoma is in the distribution of:
Ill nerve
V nerve
VII nerve
II nerve
1b
single
Acute primary angle glaucoma: It occurs due to a sudden total angle closure leading to severe rise in intraocular pressure (IOP). Typically acute attack is characterized by sudden onset of very severe pain in the eye which radiates along the branches of 5th nerve. Nausea, vomiting and prostrations are frequently associ...
Ophthalmology
null
6c661625-7849-48ea-b60c-ef1140fa25f6
Which among the following is not true about otosclerosis?
Hearing better in louder conditions
Eustachian tube is always abnormal
Tympanic membrane is normal
Bilateral progressive conduction deafness
1b
multi
Otosclerosis- Enchondral bone conve to spongy bone (Fissula ante fenestrum is mc site )- Conductive Hearing loss- Paracusis willsi - patient hear better in noisy - Eustachian tube is normal- Carha's notch - dip at 2000hz
ENT
JIPMER 2019
98b4a7e7-6536-4890-94ea-cf538dc84b13
Organic cause for erectile dysfunction is most commonly: March 2009
Psychological
Vascular
Neuronal
Hormonal
1b
single
Ans. B: Vascular ED is essentially a vascular disease. It is often associated with other vascular diseases and conditions such as diabetes, hypeension, and coronary aery disease. Other conditions associated with ED include neurologic disorders, endocrinopathies, benign prostatic hyperplasia, and depression. Conditions ...
Psychiatry
null
a0393e45-f54e-48bb-a8d8-08345f4718eb
A 44 yr old female presented with bony pain.On general examination hepatospleenomegaly was observed.Biopsy from spleen shows crumpled tissue paper appearance.Which of the following product is likely to have accumulated?
Ganglioside
Glucocerebroside
Sphingomyelin
Sulfatides
1b
single
GAUCHER DISEASE: It is one of the most common lysosomal storage diseases There are 3 clinical subtypes delineated by the absence or presence and progression of neurologic manifestations: type 1 or the adult, nonneuronopathic form; type 2, the infantile or acute neuronopathic form; and type 3, the juvenile or subacute n...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of carbohydrate
180a0cef-7749-455c-a673-d04dc8a51201
Mitochondria] DNA inheritance is transmitted from: UP 10
Mother
Father
Grandfather
Grandmother
0a
single
Ans. Mother
Forensic Medicine
null
1410aca7-ce2b-4fbe-a72c-cd33248aa46c
Pseudouridine found in
DNA
rRNA
mRNA
tRNA
3d
single
Pseudouridine (abbreted by the Greek letter psi- Ps) is an isomer of the nucleoside uridine in which the uracil is attached a carbon-carbon instead of a nitrogen-carbon glycosidic bond. It is the most prevalent of the over one hundred different modified nucleosides found in RNA. Ps is found in all species and in many c...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
a1c13d2a-06b9-4fbe-82ce-626b750ef03e
False about the phenomenon illustrated below is:
The gap between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest contains dentin only, leading to less material available in cervical region to absorb X-rays
The rounded cross-section of most roots accentuates this phenomenon peripherally
The mesial and distal surfaces of teeth show bands of burnout, which end abruptly at the alveolar bone margin
None of the above
3d
multi
Diffuse radiolucent areas with ill-defined borders may be apparent radiographically on the mesial or distal aspects of teeth in the cervical regions between the edge of the enamel cap and the crest of the alveolar ridge (The gap between the CEJ and the alveolar bone crest contains dentin only). This phenomenon, called ...
Radiology
null
5d550c3a-15cb-41bb-91a7-7a7049163798
Coarctation of aoa is most commonly associated with -
VSD
PDA
Bicuspid aoic valve
ASD
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Bicuspid aoic valve o 98% of coarctation of aoa is Juxta-ductal (at the origin of ductus aeriosus just below the origin of subclan aery). o Bicuspid aoic valve is associated in more than 70% of patients. o It is also associated with : ----> PDA, VSD, ASD, TGA, Hypoplastic left hea o It is the most com...
Pediatrics
null
a237e63e-6205-4d71-90c9-09d0dabc74b3
A 45 yrs old male came to the psychiatric OPD complaining of continuous, dull, non-progressive headache for the last 8 years. The patient has seen numerous neurologists in the belief that he has a brain tumor even though all his investigations have been normal. The patient insisted that he had a brain tumor and request...
Somatization disorder
Somatoform pain disorder
Hypochondriasis
Conversion disorder
2c
multi
Hypochondriasis:- This disorder is characterized by a preoccupation with the fear of having, or the idea that one has one or more serious physical illnesses. The preoccupation persists despite normal investigation results as well as doctors reassurances. It is impoant to differentiate hypochondriasis from somatization ...
Psychiatry
Somatoform disorders
203afd37-df8f-49a0-a061-2941e561e1da
Basic laboratory service is not available at PHC for which disease -
TB
Malaria
Syphilis
Leprosy
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Leprosy Basic laboratory services at PHCRoutine urine, stool and blood tests.Bleeding time, clotting time.Diagnosis of RTI/STDs with wet mounting, Grama stain, etc.Sputum testing for tuberculosis (if designated as a microscopy center under RNTCP).Blood smear examination for malarial parasite.Rapid tes...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Community Healthcare
ce55aefd-dab9-4f70-8e2d-8af45a0cecf0
Tourniquet test is used for monitoring patients with?
Infectious mononucleosis
Zika Virus infection
Dengue fever
Chikungunya
2c
single
The tourniquet test is a pa of WHO case definition for dengue. It is a market for capillary fragility Procedure of Tourniquet test 1) Take the BP, example 120/80 2) Inflate cuff to midway between SBP and DBP (120+80/2)=100mm Hg and maintain for 5 minutes. 3) Reduce the cuff pressure and wait for 2 minutes 4) Count the ...
Medicine
viral infection
eb30c543-d2d5-445f-b085-c634e8df6c55
Most common site of salivary gland tumor is?
Parotid salivary gland
Submandibular salivary gland
Sublingual gland
Submaxillary gland
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Parotid salivary gland * Most common salivary gland tumor - Pleomorphic adenoma (mixed tumor).* Site of Pleomorphic adenoma - Parotid > Submandibular > minor salivary glands
Pathology
Neoplasia
84299e3a-8673-4786-be8c-7f868b32d749
A pregnant woman with a family history of fragile X syndrome undergoes prenatal testing of her fetus. PCR analysis to amplify the appropriate region of the FMR1 gene is attempted using DNA from amniotic fluid cells, but no amplified products are obtained. Which of the following is the most appropriate next step?
Routine karyotyping of the amniotic fluid cells
Routine karyotyping of the unaffected father
Southern blot analysis of DNA from the amniotic fluid cells
PCR analysis of the mother's FMR1 gene
2c
multi
Failure to find amplified product by PCR analysis in such a case could mean that the fetus is not affected, or that there is a full mutation that is too large to be detected by PCR. The next logical step is a Southern blot analysis of genomic DNA from fetal cells. Routine karyotyping of the amniotic fluid cells is much...
Pathology
Genetics
adb4962b-4eb6-436e-a519-d1e4d60561ee
Fracture of the proximal humerus in an elderly patient is best treated by?
K-wire fixation
Open reduction internal fixation
Cuff and sling only
Manual reduction and Slab application
1b
single
Fracture Proximal Humerus MC fracture in osteoporotic postmenopausal women Classification of fracture - Neer classification Complications - Axillary nerve injury, Shoulder stiffness & Malunion, AVN of the humeral head Treatment Undisplaced - Immobilization in a sling (Cuff & Collar or Triangular sling) x 4 weeksDisplac...
Orthopaedics
All India exam
cfb1393e-9866-4a2a-8b79-0a3a4232595c
Scrambled egg appearance is seen in -
Carcinoma stomach
Carcinoma galll bladder
Pancreatic carcinoma
Renal carcinoma
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Pancreatic carcinoma
Surgery
null
bea00585-e4ea-433b-9639-f5d94978270d
Ohobaric oxygen is used in:-
CO poisoning
Ventilation failure
Anerobic infection
Gangrene
0a
single
Ans is 'a' i.e., CO Poisoning Ohobaric Oxygen - 100% oxygen at atmospheric pressure. Ohobaric oxygen is used in CO poisoning. It reduces the half life of carboxyhemoglobin complex. About use of hyperbaric oxygen in CO poisoning. - Although hyperbaric oxygen therapy is often recommended for patients with coma, syncope, ...
Surgery
null
ced1f2dd-a227-4b9f-8e2c-0d09efaa152e
Skin manifestations of PCOS are all except
Acne
Hirsutism
Seborrheic dermatitis
Alopecia
2c
multi
Ans. is c, i.e. Seborrheic dermatitisRef: Jeffcoates 9th/ed, p467Skin manifestations of PCOS are:* Acne* Hirsutism* Alopecia (androgenic alopecia)* Acanthosis nigricans
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Disorders in Menstruation
92f300a7-7421-47b5-a86c-8f69459a66d6
Drug used for acute severe asthma is
MGS04
Cromolyn sodium
Anti leukotriene
Cyclosporine
0a
single
Magnesium produce broncho dilatationRef:Harrison 17th ed Pg 1605
Pharmacology
All India exam
ffd4056f-377e-4f2f-8ac2-544a007271e9
Macula densa in kidney is located in relation to ?
PCT
DCT
Afferent aeriole
Efferent aeriole
1b
single
B i.e. DCT
Physiology
null
5982d686-55f1-48ae-b16e-151bd4ac221f
A young male after sudden unconsciousness following an episode of seizure.ori awakening, finds that both of his arms were adducted and internally rotated. The most probable diagnosis i
Anterior dislocation
Posterior dislocation
Greater tuberosity fracture
Rotator cuff injury
1b
multi
Ans. b. Posterior dislocation Posterior Dislocation of Shoulder is caused by indirect force producing marked internal rotation and adduction, most commonly during a fit, convulsions or an electric shock Posterior Dislocation of Shoulder Mechanism of injury: Indirect force producing marked internal rotation and adductio...
Surgery
null