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135
bdb01cb1-4786-4cb8-859a-29cab09cf35d
Nephrocalcinosis is seen in -
Hypoparathyroidism
Medullary sponge kidney
DM
All
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Medullary sponge kidneyo Deposition of calcium stones on renal papillae is called nephrocalcinosis.o Nephrocalcinosis seen in -Renal tubular acidosis type I (A). Bater's syndrome Excess calcium intake Medullary sponge kidney Multiple myeloma Sarcoidosis Severe hypercalciuria Vitamin-D intoxication TB ...
Pathology
null
d8e24090-3565-4fee-ac4a-41c3612bf23f
CSF in meningococcal meningitis shows
Gram positive Diplococci in pus cells
Gram negative Diplococci in pus cells
Gram negative bacilli
Gram positive bacilli
1b
single
CSF examination in Meningococcal meningitis: one poion of the CSF is centrifuged and gram-stained smears are prepared from the deposit. Meningococci will be seen inside the polymorphs but extracellularly also. Gram-negative diplococci in pus cells are seen. Reference: Textbook of Microbiology; Anathanarayan and panicke...
Microbiology
Bacteriology
396de9ce-f7c3-4c03-8128-ab54ccaaa039
All of the following are causes of hypovolemic hyponatremia lead to urine sodium > 20 except?
Renal losses
Vomiting
Cerebral salt wasting syndrome
Mineralocoicoid deficiency
1b
multi
OPTION B - Vomiting It will induce dehydration and lead to renal conservation of salt and water . OPTION A - Renal Losses Tubular damage explains salt wasting and high urine sodium. OPTION C - Cerebral salt wasting syndrome Release of BNP will promote natriuresis and salt wasting . OPTION D - Mineralocoicoid deficiency...
Medicine
Electrolyte Imbalance
4ff8968e-33a1-411f-a2fa-66fb7c076444
Which vaccine among the following options is not kept in the freezer component in Cold Chain
OPV
Measles
DPT
Rubella
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e., DPT o A vaccine which must be stored in the cold part but never allowed to freeze. # Typhoid # DPT # TT # Hepatitis B # DT # BCG # Diluents Important facts- o All vaccines are usually stored (for routine storage) in the refrigerator (ILR), i.e. at +2 to +8degC (even OPV). o But OPV is stored in the fr...
Unknown
null
8be2191a-0267-48f4-93e1-b8e7b2b9c494
All of the following drugs are used as immunosuppressants EXCEPT:
Glucocoicoids
Cyclosporine
Cephalosporin
Azathioprine
2c
multi
1 . Calcineurin inhibitors (Specific T-cell inhibitors) Cyclosporine (Ciclosporin), Tacrolimus 2. Antiproliferative drugs (Cytotoxic drugs) Azathioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Methotrexate, Chlorambucil, Mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) 3. Glucocoicoids Prednisolone and others 4. Antibodies Muromonab CD3, Antithymocyte globulin...
Pharmacology
Immunomodulators
b8746014-7e0b-4fc3-947c-6510efa4663c
Optic radiations arise from
Lateral Geniculate body
Medial Geniculate Body
Superior colliculus
Inferior colliculus
0a
single
Answer- A. Lateral Geniculate bodyThe optic radiations (geniculocalcarine pathway) extend from the lateral geniculate body to the visual coex. Inferior fibres of optic radiations ,subserve upper visual fields and superior fibres subserve inferior visual fields.The visual pathway staing from retina consists of optic ner...
Ophthalmology
null
897a2bbd-e8be-41a8-bef5-09f85808e83b
Overall most common cancer in wold
Lung cancer
Colon cancer
Breast cancer
Thyroid carcinoma
0a
multi
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
7be13155-394b-4742-9bd9-ae924c3a8a59
If a new sputum smear positive patient of tuberculosis continues to be smear positive at the end of intensive phase of category I treatment under DOTS, fuher management of this patient would be to -
Sta category I treatment again
Treat. him as failure and sta category II treatmenet under DOTS
Continue the intensive phase or treatment for one more month
Sta continuation phase under category I
2c
single
<p> Patients in category I &II , who have a positive sputum smear at the end of the initial intensive phase , receive an additional month of intensive phase treatment. Reference:Park&;s textbook of preventive and social medicine,K.Park,23rd edition,page no:188. <\p>
Social & Preventive Medicine
Communicable diseases
a27a4fa3-0330-4423-b235-ff7a9afccf24
Which of the following porphyrias is not inherited as an Autosomal Dominant disorder-
Acute Intermittent Porphyria
Congenital Erythropoietic Porphyria
Porphyria Cutanea Tarda
Hereditary Coproporphyria
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Congenital erythropoietic porphyria Inheritance of Porphyrias Autosomal dominant Autosomal Recessive X-linked o Acute intermittent porphyria (AIP) o ALA dehydratase deficiency o X-linked protoporphyria o Porphyria cutanea Tarda (PCT) o Congenital erythropoietic porphyria o Hereditary coproporphyria (H...
Pathology
null
534ca8bd-ce44-4e2b-ad65-1a8dd7d1f414
Following statements about Fibrolamellar carcinoma of Liver are TRUE, EXCEPT:
Females do not have increased incidence than males
Has good prognosis
Not associated with liver cirrhosis
Serum AFP levels are usually >1000 mg/ltr
3d
multi
In fibrolamellar carcinoma, AFP is within the normal range in most cases. Mild elevations of AFP may be seen in 10-15% of cases, but are usually below 200ng /ml. Fibrolamellar HCC is a disease of younger adults often teenagers and predominantly females. Patients typically have elevated neurotensin levels, normal LFTs a...
Pathology
null
1842fee9-fbd6-4fa3-98be-941012d17055
Man is intermediate host of:
Malaria
Filaria
Dengue
Plague
0a
single
Malaria REF: Jawett's 24th edition Section VI. Parasitology > Chapter 46. Medical Parasitology Repeat in December 2011, June 2009 Man is the defenitive host in most parasitic infections except in: Echino co ccus granulosus Plasmodium Taenia Solium(man is both defenitive and intermediate host) Toxoplasma gondii Sarcocyt...
Microbiology
null
59c75b13-dd32-4607-bfae-c6961f6bba77
The most potent topical coicosteroids is -
Hydrocoisone butyrate cream 0.1%
Betamethasone valerate cream 0.1%
Clobetasol propionate cream 0.5%
Clobetasone butyrate cream 0.5%
2c
single
Super potent topical coicosteroids Clobetasol propionate 0.05% halobetasolpropionate 0.05% betametnasone dipropionate 0.05% Fitzpatricks textbook of dermatology, principles of topical therapy page 3363
Dental
miscellaneous
e534066a-c227-47d6-a472-4fedcdb48912
In a man lifting up suitcase, posterior dislocation of glenohumeral joint is prevented by:
Deltoid
Latissimus dorsi
Coracobrachialis
Short head of biceps
2c
single
Ans. (c) CoracobrachialisRef: Maheshwari 5th ed. / 88* Glenohumeral joint is the most important joint of shoulder complex.* It is a synovial ball and socket articulation between the head of the humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula.* Movements at this joint includes flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rota...
Orthopaedics
Dislocation of Shoulder
e56ad4f2-ebdb-4b21-b582-1f95b7b41a11
Most common presentation of Renal Tuberculosis is:
Renal colic
Sterile Pyuria
Intractable urgency
Painful micturition
1b
single
Answer is B (Sterile Pyuria): The most common clinical presentation of Urological Tuberculosis is Sterile Pyuria. 'The most common clinical presentation of urological tuberculosis is sterile pyuria and painless hematuria - Textbook of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine `Renal Tuberculosis is probably underdiagnosed b...
Medicine
null
bac0d9c1-f179-4627-9a7d-1714956e44ce
All the following drugs are used in various regimens of medical termination of pregnancy except
Methotrexate
Mifepristone
Misoprostol
Mefenamic acid
3d
multi
Various Regimens for Medical Termination of PregnancyFirst TrimesterMifepristone/MisoprostolMifepristone, 200-600 mg orally; followed in 24-48 hr by:Misoprostol, 200-600 mg orally or 400-800 mg vaginally, buccally, or sublinguallyMisoprostol Alone800 mg vaginally or sublingually every 3 hr for 3 dosesMethotrexate/Misop...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
General obstetrics
60afc23d-7b33-4d7a-968e-056c8d78d364
A complete denture patient presents with angular cheilitis. A review of recent medical examination revealed that vitamin deficiency is not a factor. A possible predisposing factor is:
Excessive vertical dimension of occlusion
A closed or insufficient vertical dimension of occlusion
Improper balance of the occlusion
Poor contour of the denture base
1b
single
A closed or insufficient vertical dimension of occlusion is thought to be the one predisposing condition for angular cheilitis, which usually is associated with Candida albicans. Improperly balanced occlusion or poor contour of the denture base are not predisposing conditions for angular cheilitis.
Dental
null
16b0237e-d87e-4884-bb16-b8d50c2748df
Drug–induced colitis is most frequently associated with :
Neomycin
Vancomycin
Clindamycin
Chloramphenicol
2c
single
null
Pharmacology
null
87c4d89a-606e-4b18-8dab-8805def910c0
If an adolescent boy falls on a out-stretched hand, the most common bone to be injured is
Fracture of lower end of radius
Fracture of both bones of forearm
Scaphoid fracture
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
2c
multi
C i.e. Scaphoid
Surgery
null
4decaac5-0cfa-4fe8-aafd-5d52e9093661
Following is true of pyonephrosis except:
Commonly associated with renal calculi
Always unilateral
Is a complication of hydronephrosis
Follows acute pyelonephritis
1b
multi
Ans. (b) Always unilateralRef: Smith 17th Edition, Pages 204-206# In pyonephrosis kidney is a bag of pus.# Most common cause is stones followed by Infected hydronephrosis and acute pyelonephritis# Mostly unilateral but can be bilateral also# Percutaneous nephrostomy is the initial treatment# Subcapsular nephrectomy is ...
Surgery
Kidney & Ureturs
c0624084-d8dc-467e-bbb6-fc0754352424
A 5-year-old child comes to hospital with history of loose stools but no history of fever or blood in stools. Mother says he is irritable and drinks water if given. On examination eyes are sunken and on Skin pinch test--the skin retracted within two seconds but not immediately. What will be the appropriate management?
Administer the first dose of IV antibiotic and immediately refer to higher centre
Give oral antibiotics and ORS and ask the mother to continue the same and visit again next day
Consider severe dehydration sta IV fluids, IV antibiotics and refer to higher centre
ORS with zinc for 14 days
3d
single
This child has acute diarrhea with some dehydration. So, the treatment of choice is ORS with zinc for 14 days. For treatment of some dehydration, 75 ml/kg ORS has to be given over 4 hours.
Pediatrics
Disorders of Gastrointestinal System Including Diarrhea
3343bf31-019e-49df-8ffd-00cfd78d2ab3
Mucous retention cysts are most commonly found on:
Lower lip
Floor of the mouth
Buccal mucosa
All of the above
0a
multi
Mucous retention cysts are more commonly found on the lower lip, the floor of the mouth and buccal mucosa. The pooled up saliva causes dilation of the duct and development of an aneurysm-like lesion lined by epithelium. The retention phenomenon involving accessory salivary gland structures occurs most frequently on the ...
Pathology
null
3843d62c-0290-4f6d-bdc4-f4a8fa22a710
Which one is not true regarding pseudocyst of pancreas
Increase level of amylase
Epigastric mass
Cystogastrostomy is the ideal T/t
Percutaneus aspiration is the T/t
3d
multi
Percutaneous aspiration is preferred only in cases of infected cyst and abscesses, other wise internal drainage is the t/t of choice. Epigastric mass is the main symptom of the pseudocyst. Increased level of amylase is usually elevated with pancreatic pseudocysts Ref - Srb's manual of surgery 5e p690
Anatomy
G.I.T
73c7c347-bab6-4a1f-9d6a-0f396decfb8d
patient with atrial fibrillation which is false
Brain imaging is not done
p wave is absent
anticoagulants added
palpitations are present
0a
multi
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION CLINICAL FEATURES Palpitations, which are sensations of a racing, uncomfoable, irregular heabeat or a flip-flopping in your chest. Weakness. Reduced ability to exercise. Fatigue. Lightheadedness. Dizziness. Shoness of breath. Chest pain. ECG Features of Atrial Fibrillation Irregularly irregular rhyt...
Medicine
All India exam
9d5df9fa-12bd-4f31-9400-98e777f14f0d
All of the following may be associated with massive proteinuria except -a) Amyloidsisb) Renal vein thrombosisc) Polycystic kidneysd) Polyarteritis nodosa
ab
bc
bd
cd
3d
multi
null
Pathology
null
7989f4e8-7cab-4a18-9215-af8eee15818f
Microvesicular steatohepatosis seen in
Diabetes mellitus
Reye syndrome
LIpodystrophy
Phosphorces intoxication
1b
single
Option a, c, d have macrovesicular steatosis.
Pathology
null
d592fc0c-254c-4408-8f7e-fba7f440c6d5
Disulfiram like reaction is seen with -
Lithium
Terbinafine
Metronidazole
Olanzapine
2c
single
Ans is 'c' i.e. Metronidazole o Disulfiram is used in the treatment of chronic alcoholism by producing an acute sensitivity to ethanol (alcohol). Disulfiram works by inhibiting the enzyme acetaldehyde dehydrogenaseo "Disulfiram plus alcohol, even small amounts, produce flushing, throbbing in head and neck, throbbing he...
Psychiatry
Alcohol-Related Disorders
543a6e92-ace5-465b-83ff-7b38b1c93ed8
Which is a causative organism for malignant ot externa
Virus
Bacteria
Fungi
Protozoa
1b
single
Ans. (b) BacteriaRef: Dhingra's ENT 5th ed. 157-58* Malignant otitis externa is caused by pseudomonas infection in elderly, diabetics & patients on the immune- compromised drugs .* Early manifestation resembles diffuse otitis externa. Patients have severe pain & appearance of granulation in meatus.Infectious Etiology o...
ENT
Ear
25a8465b-23c0-4115-8ea8-b6ca3706376c
The following is usually the first sign of pubey in girls ?
Onset of menstruation
Appearance of pubic hair
Change in voice
Increase in breast size
3d
multi
Adolescence: Stage of transmission from childhood to adulthood. During this stage, there will be an appearance of sexual characters with changes in cognition and psychology. Adolescence refers to this entire process, pubey refers to the physical aspect. Age 10-19 year is considered as a period of adolescence and pubey ...
Pediatrics
Adolescence
9c8e94bf-5259-4e1c-8924-f910c96c00f6
One gray equals
10 RAD
100 RAD
1000 RAD
10000RAD
1b
single
SI unit of radiation absorbed dose is GRAY (1 Gy= 1J/Kg)Absorbed dose is the energy absorbed as ionization or excitation per unit mass of the material irradiated.The concept of absorbed dose applies to all kinds of ionizing radiation (direct and indirect) and to any material.Before 1980 the international dose of absorb...
Radiology
All India exam
c6e14d8a-d602-4880-a430-5c8e5dd74150
60 yrs old male with poor stream of urine, post void residual urine is 400ml, b/l hydronephrosis and prostate weighing 70 g. His urea is 120 and creatinine 3.5. Ideal "next immediate" step
Catheterize with Foley catheter
B/L PC Nephrostomies
CT to rule out Ca
MRI pelvis
0a
multi
Foley catheter is a flexible tube that a clinician passes through the urethra and into the bladder to drain urine. It is the most common type of indwelling urinary catheter. Foley catheters are used during the following situations: On patients who are anesthesized or sedated for surgery or other medical care On comatos...
Surgery
Urology
bb5cc9b0-f573-413b-8825-0062b1a226ab
Dystrophic calcification is commonly seen in
Hyperparathyroidism
Vitamin D deficiency
Atheromatous plaque
Renal disease
2c
single
(C) Atheromatous plaque # DYSTROPHIC CALCIFICATION:> Calcium and phosphorus metabolism and serum levels are normal and calcification occurs as a result of local abnormality in tissue.> Circumstances is which dystrophic calcification occurs: Necrotic tissue: Fat necrosis; Caseation necrosis in the centre of granuloma; D...
Pathology
Misc.
7e5081bf-51c1-40cc-9b92-f8c91b5c0b05
All are true about autism EXCEPT:
Age between 18-24 months
Child is able to interact
Repetitive behavior is seen
Language is not well developed
1b
multi
ANSWER: (B) Child is able to interactREF: Kaplan & Sadocks Synopsis of Psychiatry 10tEl Edition p. 1194, Current Diagnosis & Treatment in Psychiatry Chapter 37Major Diagnostic Features of Dsm-iv Pervasive Developmental DisordersFeatureAutisticDisorderAsperger'sDisorderChildhoodDisintegrativeDisorderRett'sDisorderPervas...
Psychiatry
Intellectual disability, communication, autism, and ADHD
ec08de5b-7c0c-408f-8d92-aa284c073749
Which of the following are radioactive?
CO 59
CO 60
Yt 90
None
1b
multi
Ans. CO 60
Radiology
null
b9323bd4-4d92-4294-a64e-2c9e7ce8a315
In a patient of rheumatic carditis full dose of steroid is given for -
3 weeks
6 weeks
9 weeks
12 weeks
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., 12 weeks
Pediatrics
null
3f2758ad-cf38-408e-9c6c-9240b7a3005d
The apex of the upright human lung compared with the base has:
A higher PO2
A higher ventilation
A lower pH in end-capillary blood
A higher blood flow
0a
single
The apex of the upright human lung has a high ventilation perfusion Ratio.Therefore, the apex has a higher alveolar PO2 than the base. The other choices are incorrect because the ventilation of the apex is lower than that of the base, the pH in endcapillary blood is higher because of the reduced PCO2 at the apex, the b...
Physiology
Respiratory System Pa 1
e6bbdc0e-4461-49c9-ad07-8a650c67e8c4
Rose spot is associated with
Typhoid fever
Malaria
Scarlet fever
Wilson disease
0a
single
a. Typhoid fever(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1390)Skin rash in Enteric fever:In 25% of cases, a macular or maculopapular rash (rose spots) may be visible around the 7th-10th day of the illnessLesions may appear in crops of 10-15 on the lower chest and abdomen and last 2-3 daysThese lesions may be difficult to see in dark-skin...
Pediatrics
General Considerations - Infectious Diseases
3713f087-cf1d-4d81-a775-37274f7544b3
Therapeutic drug monitoring is used in ?
Diuretic
Metformin
Levodopa
Digoxin
3d
single
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Digoxin Therapeutic drug monitoring is paicularly useful in following situations ? 1. Drugs with low safety margin ? Digoxin Aminoglycoside antibiotics Anticonvulsants Lithium Antiarrythmics Tricyclic antidepressants Theophylline 2. If individual variations are large - Antidepressants, Lithium 3. Pote...
Pharmacology
null
7273b7bc-340d-4204-9a3e-0266e7ab6ba1
All among the following are true about Papilledema EXCEPT :
Earliest sign is enlargement of blind spot
Circumferential folds of retinal nerve fiber layer
Atrophic papilledema occurs 6-9 months after initial attack
Bilateral non inflammatory disc edema with increased ICT
0a
multi
Blurring of margins of optic disc is the earliest sign of papilledema. Papilledema B/L non inflammatory disc edema with increased ICT. |sed ICT - disturbance in axoplasmic flow. Dilation & touosity of vessels. Elevation of disc. Headache, morning stiffness, projectile vomiting. Enlargement of blind spot. Paton's line (...
Ophthalmology
Neuro Ophthalmology
464d0f98-f200-45fd-b0c6-e0253ff3f5b5
When an outcome is compared with intended objectives, it is called as -
Monitoring
Evaluation
Input-output analysis
Network analysis
1b
multi
Input-output analysis is an economic technique.In the health feild,input refers to all health service activities which consume resources and output refers to such useful outcomes as cases treated ,lives saved or inoculations performed (refer pgno:872 park 23 rd edition)
Social & Preventive Medicine
Health education & planning
1ec777f1-3009-422f-b8ca-4b84c102eee2
Polycythemia is associated with all the following cancers except
Stomach cancer
Liver cancer
Prostrate cancer
Renal cell cancer
2c
multi
*Paraneoplastic syndromes -Syndromes which occur due to hormonal proteins produced by a "Non-endocrine tumor". So if you find an endocrine tumor, you may safely exclude it from the option.*Malignancies associated with polycythemia are the Gastric carcinoma, Renal carcinoma, Cerebellar hemangioma and Hepatocellular carc...
Pathology
General pathology
ceeaf9fb-ec29-46d8-a86f-57b1a4e62fac
Most common renal condition in HIV patient is-
Membrano proliferative glomerulonephritis
Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis
Membranous glomerulonephritis
Difftise proliferative glomerulonephritis
1b
single
About 50%of HIV -infected patients with kidney disease have HIV -associated nephropathy (HIVAN) on biopsy. The ledion in HIVAN is FSGS, and present with nephrotic range proteinuria and hypoalbuminemia. They do not commonly have edema, hypeension or Hyperlipidemia In HIV -infected patients not yet on therapy .the presen...
Medicine
Kidney
ce94ef9a-bcc6-48e4-b28c-5fcba8127b71
Nerve Conduction is slowest in
C fibers
A alpha
A beta
A delta
0a
single
Ans. (a) C fibers(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.94)A a - highest conduction velocity (70 - 120 m/s)C fibers - slowest conduction velocity (0.5 - m/s)
Physiology
Nervous System
adc0bcef-c9c0-4142-9ebd-c47af10058d0
Drug contraindicated in uterine fibroid:
Danazol
Estrogen
Mifepristone
GnRH analogue
1b
single
Ans. B Estrogen Ref.: Shaws 15th ed. 1359; Williams Gynecology Ch: 9 * Leiomyomas are benign smooth muscle neoplasms that typically originate from the myometrium. They are often referred to as uterine myomas, and are incorrectly called fibroids because the considerable amount of collagen contained in many of them creat...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Treatment and Recurrence
e69dc183-6eb5-43af-a8de-11124e9bdaf3
Charcot's Joint includes all of the following except :
Syringomyelia
Leprosy
Diabetes
Ahrogryposis Multiplex Congenita
3d
multi
Answer is D (Ahrogryposis multiplex congenita) : Syringomyelia, Leprosy and diabetes are all common causes fin- Neuropathic / Charcot joint disease. Ahrogryposis multiplex congenita comprises a non progressive condition characterized by multiple joint contractures found throughout the body at bih. Charcot joint has not...
Medicine
null
f3a809dd-6d4b-4acb-8cbc-7e4565e768e8
A previously healthy 45-yr-old labourer suddenly develops acute lower back pain with right-leg pain & weakness of dorsiflexion of the right great toe. Which of the following is true -
Immediate treatment should include analgesics muscle relaxants & back strengthening exercises
The appearance of the foot drop indicate early surgical intervention
If the nerurological signs resolve within 2 to 3 weeks but low back pain persists, the proper treatment would include fusion of affected Lumbar vertebra
If the neurological signs fail to resolve within 1 week, Lumbar laminectomy and excision of any herniated nucleus pulposus should be done
1b
multi
Sudden onset of back pain with radiation to lower limb (right leg pain) and weakness of dorsiflexion of the right great toe in a laborer suggest the diagnosis of PID. Progression of neurological impairment (for example weakness of toe extension to foot drop) is an indication for surgery.
Orthopaedics
null
06fdc589-2395-4472-8eb0-28856b64d45c
Umbilical aery doppler finding which will most significantly predict the intrauterine deaths of the foetus -
Reversal of diastolic flow
Absent diastolic flow
Absent systolic flow
Presence of diastolic notch
0a
single
Please note, the question is 'Which pattern predicts fetal death' hence do not mark 'Absent systolic flow' which no more predicts, but is diagnostic of fetal death. Reversal of diastolic flow most significantly predict the intra uterine deaths of the foetus. Umbilical aery doppler done to assess fetal well being in hig...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Intra Uterine Growth Restriction, Intrapaum and Antepaum Fetal Surviellance
4d6ae5da-13f8-4964-99da-caebbc0c0755
The average life cycle of cyclops is about -
1 month
2 months Bihar
3 months
4 months
2c
single
Cyclops or water flea is crustacean present in collections of fresh water. It's a tiny ahropod just visible to trained eyes. It swims with jerky movements. The life cycle is about 3 months It is an intermediate host of Guinea worm disease. Man acquires infection by drinking water containing infected cyclops. REFERENCE:...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Environment and health
5dde0f3d-d4d7-42d8-a78d-51ae7e0ede92
Volume of ECF in body is
0.1 × body weight
0.2 × body weight
0.3 × body weight
0.4 × body weight
1b
single
Total body weight = 0.6 × body weight ICF = 0.4 × body weight ECF = 0.2 × body weight Plasma = 0.05 × body weight Interstitial fluid = 0.15 × body weight
Physiology
null
92a7fdc6-ef2f-451c-b586-88c26db15112
Contents of deep perenial pouch include all of the following except
Dorsal nerve of penis
Bulbourethral gland
Root of penis
Sphincter urethrae
2c
multi
The deep perenial pouch includes deep transverse perineal pouch,membraneous poion of urethra,bulbourethral gland.Deep perineal pouch is the anatomic spacde enclosed by perineum and located superior to the perinial membrane. ref - BDC vol2 6e pg 355,360
Anatomy
Abdomen and pelvis
0c49e1ac-5743-4168-827f-89c6480490b3
Most malignant tumor of salivary glands ?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Wahin tumor
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
Acinic cell tumor
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Adenoid cystic carcinoma "Adenoid cystic carcinoma has been described as one of the most biologically aggressive and destructive malignant neoplasms, presenting a tendency for local recurrance and late distant metastasis throughout the course of disease." The adenoid cystic carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, ...
Pathology
null
cfdc6a80-efbb-42de-85cf-c80b36c3c6b1
Civatte bodies are found in -
Lichen Planus
Psoriasis
Dermatophytosis
Vitiligo
0a
single
In Lichen's planus, anucleate necrotic basal cells may become incorporated into the inflamed papillary dermis, where they are referred to as colloid bodies or civatte bodies.
Pathology
null
975e1af7-ac26-4c45-bd71-950795fbe6d9
Which of the following is not a cause of the generalized increase in bone density in adults?
Myelosclerosis
Renal osteodystrophy
Fluorosis
Caffey's disease
3d
single
Caffey's disease (Infantile cortical hyperplasia) causes a generalized increase in bone density in children. Causes of a generalized increase in bone density in adults:- Myeloproliferative disorders, myelosclerosis, renal osteodystrophy, poisoning (lead), fluorosis, osteoblastic metastasis, lymphoma, mastocytosis, Page...
Radiology
null
f6738100-1453-4ef2-b9ed-06ea7092ee1d
vesicles over erythematous plaques in T3 dermatome region of trunk. Which of fle following would be the most likely causative or:,tn?
Varicella zoster
Herpes simplex
Pox virus
Papilloma virus
0a
single
Ans. a. Varicella zoster A 60-year-old male presents with painful, grouped vesicles over erythematous plaques in T dermatome region of trunk. Varicella zoster is the most likely causative organism.
ENT
null
071f0b53-73df-480c-9370-79cb71e13cb9
The most common primary cause of intraocular tumor in children-
Retinoblastoma
Rhabdomyosarcoma
Neuroblastoma
Melanoma
0a
single
*Most common intraocular tumor of childhood is retinoblastoma. Ref:Khurana 7th/e p.314,
Ophthalmology
Tumors
8f94c323-f70f-42a3-a7ed-9e3ffd33a6ac
Which type of FSGS has worst prognosis
Perihilar variant
Collapsing variant
Glomerular tip variant
Cellular variant
1b
single
Collapsing variant has the worst prognosis. It is also associated with HIV.
Pathology
null
fc0542be-d100-4667-9fc0-7d2efcb3864f
Baonella heaselae causes all except -
Oroya fever
Cat scratch disease
Bacillary angiomatosis
SABE
0a
multi
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Oroya fever Baonella henselae causes Cat scratch disease (Afipia felis also causes cat scratch disease) Bacillary angiomatosis (B. quintana also causes angiomatosis) Bacillary peliosis Bacteremia Endocarditis (SABE) Oroya fever is caused by Baonella bacilliformis.
Microbiology
null
7bde9f8f-ae7f-47f3-8447-f19ef90b47e8
Fistula leading to highest electrolyte imbalance is:
Gastric
Duodenal
Sigmoid
Rectal
1b
single
In general, the more proximal the fistula in the intestine, the more serious the problem, with greater fluid and electrolyte loss. The drainage has a greater digestive capacity, and the distal segment is not available for absorption of nutrients. Fistula leading to highest electrolyte imbalance is Duodenal fistula
Surgery
Small intestine
a30e69ea-0bc8-430d-b0a9-5731266ae7ac
Drug monitoring is required for the following
Lithium
Paracetamol
Ampicillin
Olanzapine
0a
single
(A) Lithium# Lithium is generally taken with food, although its absorption is not markedly affected by the presence of food.> Doses vary widely and are adjusted based on measurements of the levels of lithium in the blood.> Early in therapy, dose adjustments are made as often as every 5 to 7 days to establish the correc...
Pharmacology
Miscellaneous (Pharmacology)
5ab6ff74-176f-40ed-abde-14c6c633b297
Patient comes with crush injury to upper limb, doctor is concerned about gangrene and sepsis what can help decide between amputation and limb salvage?
MESS
GCS score
Gustilo-Anderson classification
ASIA guidelines
0a
single
Mangled Extremity Severity Score (MESS) used as predictor of eventual amputation versus limb salvage in crushing injuries. Higher the score lower the chances of salvage. Type Points (Depending on severity) Shock group 0-2 Ischemia group 1-4 Velocity of trauma 1-4 Age group 0-1 Total score 11 Mess Score: Total Score is ...
Orthopaedics
Amputations and Spos Injury
39f77a15-0e22-417e-a2c7-f76788fca787
Which of the following is a contraindication for breastfeeding?
Hep A
Hep B
CMV
Active untreated TB
3d
single
d. Active untreated TB(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 287)Related to baby: Galactosemia, Lactose intoleranceRelated to mother:AbsoluteRelative contraindications to breastfeedingMother on Chemotherapy or RadiotherapyConditionCommentMaternal HIVContraindicated in developed countries; In developing countries, mixed feeding is contr...
Pediatrics
Nutrition
f90f28fa-dbc3-4cc3-88bd-20139734bb79
The drug of choice in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome with atrial fibrillation is
Digitalis
Procainamide
Verapamil
Adenosine
1b
single
null
Medicine
null
32ccfc53-032f-4e88-9072-ab633137bf5f
Prostate glands is homologous to:
Bartholin's gland
Cowper's gland
Skene glands
Bulbourethral glands
2c
single
Ans. is c, i.e. Skene glandsRef: COGDT 11th/ed, p24Glands in maleHomologous glands in females* Prostate gland* Skene glands/paraurethral glands* Cowper's gland* Bartholin gland* Glands of Littre (in penile urethra)* Glands of labia majora* Glands of labia minora
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Gynaecological Anatomy
a0eac10c-3d19-4e40-9f35-ab66a7ffb5b9
Skull of a male differs from that of a female by all of the following except -
Capacity greater than 1500 c.c
Muscular markings over occiput are less marked
Orbits square
Frontal eminence small
1b
multi
As a general rule, muscular markings are more prominent and marked on male skeleton. Capacity of male skull is 1500-1550 cc. Orbits of male’s are square and frontal eminences are small.
Forensic Medicine
null
78ed81cf-b987-4fde-bbce-520f07836c4d
The windswept deformity is seen in-
Achondroplasia
Ankylosing spondylitis
Rickets
Scurvy
2c
single
Windswept deformity is seen in rickets. Also know The windswept deformity is also seen in RA, physical osteochondromatosis, and hereditary dysplasia (epiphyseal dysplasia).
Orthopaedics
null
e4d65690-8244-49e0-b643-15fa1d458d00
At what atmosphere pressure gradient barotraumatic otitis media occurs
80 mm of Hg
90 mm of Hg
100 mm of Hg
120 mm of Hg
1b
single
null
ENT
null
0cd94b02-db41-4d25-a841-88e76c9e9c7d
True statement about latch bridge mechanism
Binding of tropomyosin to actin
Sustained contraction of smooth muscle with low consumption of energy
Variability of tension at particular length
None of the above
1b
multi
Latch bridge mechanism is seen in smooth muscle. In smooth muscle, even after depolarisation of muscle cross bridge continue to cling for sometime leading to sustained contraction of smooth muscle.
Physiology
null
8a4ae396-82f3-4fa0-8b61-1fec618f2a16
Brachy cephalic individual usually has
Narrow dental arches
Broad dental arches
Normal dental arches
B or C
1b
multi
null
Dental
null
2c371147-3ab2-403b-b3e1-9b2b95e46267
Isolation has a definitive value in all except:
Diphtheria
Cholera
Pneumonic Plague
Hepatitis E
3d
multi
Hepatitis E
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
edd6b9ad-50a9-407d-9871-851b52db8859
All are features of RPGN except
Rapid recovery
Crescent formation
Hypeension
Non-selective proteinuria
0a
multi
Answer is A (Rapid recovery) : RPGN is characterised by rapidly progressive renal disease which culminates in End stage renal disease (ESRF) within months after onset. Recovery is rare. RPGN is characterized by a Subacute glomerular inflammation with : Nephritic urinary sediment, i.e. RBC casts, WBC casts Sub-nephrotic...
Medicine
null
80a9ad83-09df-4f8c-b138-bb0ebe428c3f
Drug with beta adrenergic blocking, with antioxidant, with calcium channel blocking, with alpha 1 antagonist activity' is -
Esmolol
Carvedilol
Nebivolol
Levobunolol
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Carvedilol Carvedilolo Carvedilol is b1 + b2 + a1 adrenoceptor blocker with a : b blocking property of 1 : 9.o It has antioxidant and antimitotic property.o It produces peripheral vasodilation due to a-l blockade as well as calcium channel blockade (direct effect).o It is used in hypertension and angi...
Pharmacology
Anti Adrenergic System
92d8b2d9-aae0-4c0e-bb8e-7c46e6092e6e
Cobicistat is used along which of the following antiretroviral drug?
Indinavir
Darunavir
Ritonavir
Saquvinavir
1b
single
Cobicistat, with trade name Tybost (formerly GS-9350) is a licensed drug for use in the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus infection (HIV/AIDS). Its major mechanism of action is through the inhibition of human CYP3A proteins. Like ritonavir (Norvir), cobicistat is of interest for its ability to inhibit liver enz...
Pharmacology
JIPMER 2017
a9556210-9b96-4d21-baae-b02e56fa0bf9
Maximum global warming is by?
Desflurane
Isoflurane
Sevoflurane
Halothane
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Desflurane Desflurane is a greenhouse gas. It causes maximum global warming. Global warming potential (as an equal amount of O2) Isoflurane 210 times Sevoflurane 510 times Desflurane 1620 times
Anaesthesia
null
eae879ac-23b1-4599-bc8f-73507e8fb858
Chancre redux is a clinical feature of -
Early relapsing syphilis
Late syphilis
Chancroid
Recurrent herpes simplex infection
0a
single
null
Microbiology
null
a5e5911d-9442-42e9-9667-13a27ce25662
The instrument formula of a Gingival margin trimmer is 12 1/2-100-7-14. This instrument cannot be used for:
Distal gingival preparation
Mesial gingival preparation
Inlay preparation with steep gingival bevel
Onlay preparation with steep gingival bevel
1b
single
The gingival margin trimmer is designed to produce a proper bevel on gingival enamel margins of proximoocclusal preparations. When the second number in the formula is 90 to 100, the pair is used on the distal gingival margin. When this number is 85 to 75, the pair is used to bevel the mesial margin. The 100 and 75 pair...
Dental
null
627f2a03-dddf-4c3c-9e30-d51866190d58
Which of the following drugs is associated with gingival hyperplasia?
Dihydropyridines
Tetracyclines
Cyclosporin
Metronidazole
2c
single
null
Dental
null
ab0254ae-1ed9-4633-97e5-0a1e1e1956d8
Most common cause of pseudoaneurysm
iv drug abuse
Trauma
Congenital
None
1b
multi
Answer- B. TraumaWhen wall, is ruptured and there is collection of blood outside the vessel wall (extravascular hematoma) that is freelycommunicating with vessel wall - false aneurysm (Pseudoaneurysm). Most common cause of false aneurysm is Trauma.
Surgery
null
28c76656-cfaf-4dcf-897e-6e98ea005c0c
Brinell hardness number of a dental gold alloy is directly proportional to its :
Tensile strength
Elongation
Modulus of elasticity
Modulus of resilience
0a
multi
The Brinell hardness number is related to the proportional limit and the ultimate tensile strength of dental gold alloys. Because the test is a relatively simple one, it may often be conveniently used as an index of properties that involve more complex test methods. The Brinell hardness test is one of the oldest tests ...
Dental
null
bcae18f5-1ddd-4138-a631-bc09c0c9375e
Neurotrophic keratopathy is caused by -
Bell's palsy
Facial and trigeminal nerve palsy both
Trigeminal nerve palsy
All of the above
2c
multi
Neuroparalytic keratitis occurs due to paralysis of the sensory nerve supply of the cornea. Causes I.Congenital 1.Familial dysautonomia (Riley-Day syndrome) 2.Congenital insensitivity to Pain. 3.Anhidrotic ectodermal dysplasia. II.Acquired 1.Following alcohol-block or electrocoagulation of Gasserian ganglion or section...
Ophthalmology
Cornea and sclera
7217870c-77f6-4522-8617-a4018b70477c
True about Perseveration?
Persistent and inappropriate repetition of same words
Clang association
Characteristic of schizophrenia
Word salad
0a
multi
Ans. A. Persistent and inappropriate repetition of same wordsPerseveration: it is mental operations tend to persist beyond the point of relevance in response to a question.For e.g. a person is asked1. What is your name? he gives correct answer2. Where u live? he gives the same answer but not relevant3. What u do? He ag...
Psychiatry
Schizophrenia
52ac7564-e4c4-4273-b5c2-c634c2831303
Most common site of carcinoma of stomach in developed countries is
Proximal stomach
Gastric antrum
Lesser curvature
Greater curvature
0a
single
The proximal stomach is now the most common site for gastriccancer in resource-rich western countriesIt can be seen that just under 60% of all of the malignancies occurring in the oesophagus and stomach occur in proximity to the oesophago-gastric junction.This high prevalence of proximal gastric cancer is not seen in J...
Surgery
G.I.T
31217ea5-a1f1-4e7e-b917-e38db8c6d566
A 23-year-old man with hemophilia is recently wheelchair bound. Which of the following best accounts for this development?
Hemarthrosis
Hematemesis
Hematocephalus
Hematochezia
0a
single
Hemarthrosis refers to bleeding into the joint cavity. It is associated with joint swelling and is a crippling complication of hemophilia. Repeated bleeding may cause deformities and may limit the mobility of the joints. Hematemesis (choice B) is vomiting blood. Hematocephalus (choice C) is an intracranial infusion of ...
Pathology
Hemodynamics
1f9df3c1-6fff-40ce-8054-bab5a4284d88
A 9-years-old female child presented with polyuria, polydipsia and metabolic acidosis. On slit lamp examination crystal deposits are seen in cornea. What is the diagnosis?
Cystinuria
Cystinosis
Cystothioninuria
Homocysteinuria
1b
single
b. Cystinosis(Ref: Nelson 20/e p 2529-2530)Features of renal tubular dysfunction like polyuria, polydipsia and metabolic acidosis, along with presence of crystal deposits in cornea on slit lamp examination of eye suggest a diagnosis of Cystinosis
Pediatrics
Kidney
33733ada-7e47-4a3c-96ee-a8a044a9ee38
Acetylcholine receptors are decreased in:September 2009
Lambe-Eaton syndrome
Parkinson disease
Alzheimer disease
Myasthenia gravis
3d
single
Ans. D: Myasthenia gravisMyasthenia gravis is a serious and sometimes fatal disease in which skeletal muscles are weak and tire easily. It is caused by the formation of circulating antibodies to the muscle type of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors. These antibodies destroy some of the receptors and bind others to neigh...
Physiology
null
4098411b-3e68-47e2-a401-ac79215f8870
Hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis is seen in all except?
RTA1
Diarrhea
Uraemia
Gitelman syndrome
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Gitelman syndrome
Medicine
Fluid & Electrolyte
b322abd2-8118-41b4-a388-1e29a22cffe8
Which of the following hepatitis viruses has significant perinatal transmission -
Hepatitis E virus
Hepatitis C virus
Hepatitis B virus
Hepatitis A virus
2c
single
null
Medicine
null
91c1ba2c-17ec-4c3a-a5c1-165000fa6eaa
All of the following nerves have general visural fibers except
Olfactory
Oculomotor
Facial
Glossophangngeal
0a
multi
Olfactory nerve belongs to SSA (special somatic afferent) neural column. Cranial nerve 1, 2 and 8 are under SSA.There nerve brings spaecial sensahirns (smell, visim, hearing and balance) from the periphery. GVE(General Viscural Efferent) nerval column belongs to autonomic nervous system and supplies the three effectors...
Anatomy
null
a708ee95-cf8f-40f0-951e-3e9c286a5ff4
Mucous membrane of vagina is lined by:
Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium
Keratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium
Columnar cells
Cuboidal epithelium
0a
single
Ans. A: Nonkeratinized Stratified Squamous epithelium
Anatomy
null
6bae83f7-6523-4671-8ed7-c11ea4ba416e
Which antiepileptic drug does not act inhibition of sodium channels?
Vigabatrin
Carbamazepine
Lamotrigine
Pheriytoin
0a
single
It is an inhibitor of GABAtransaminase, the enzyme which degrades GABA. Anticonvulsant action may be due to increase in synaptic GABA concentration Ref: KD TRIPATHI 8thh ed.
Pharmacology
Central Nervous system
3db1b9ee-4f47-4fc2-8283-4cd25d238392
According to disabilities ACT 1995. Seventh disability is usually refferred to as ?
Neurological abnormality
Mental illness
Substance abuse
Disability due to road traffic accident
1b
multi
Mental illness According to disabilities act 1995, the disabilities are:- i) Blindness ii) Low vision iii) Leprosy cured iv) Hearing impairment v) Locomotor disability vi) Mental retardation vii) Mental illness
Psychiatry
null
64496c6d-a1e8-4ceb-9d52-2e27c3b61da6
Lallo, the 25-year-old man, presented with h/o of pain, redness & watering of left eye for last 1 day. There is also intolerance to light. Most probable diagnosis is –
Keratitis
Acute anterior uveitis
Acute posterior uveitis
Epidemic kerato conjunctivitis
0a
multi
First see the information in question : Pain, redness & watering (lacrimation) Intolerance to light (Photophobia) Acute posterior uveitis does not cause pain, redness, photophobia and lacrimation. The most prominent symptom is diminished vision especially if the lesion involves macula, maculopapillary bundle and opt...
Ophthalmology
null
5fda4dd2-ed2c-4191-b7f1-8907b806b949
The greatest total cross-sectional area in the circulatory system is of
Aoa
Capillaries
Venules
Vene cavea
1b
single
The greatest cross sectional area in the circulatory system is of capillaries. The total cross-sectional area is minimum for the aoa. Characteristics of Various Types of Blood Vessels in Systemic Circulation: Vessel Lumen Diameter Wall Thickness Approx. Total cross sectional area (Cm2) % of Blood volume contained * Aoa...
Physiology
Cardiovascular system
6961eeaf-07ce-4e87-a518-335feb78c0cf
Elevated androgens in PCOD
Convert terminal hair to vellus hair irreversibly.
Convert vellus hair to terminal hair irreversibly.
Reversible conversion of vellus hair to terminal hair.
Reversible conversion of terminal hair to vellus hair.
1b
single
Elevated androgen convert vellus hair into coarse terminal hair. This conversion is irreversible.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
5821c658-a7e0-4d17-bf07-357106040a58
Which of the following increases castability of base metal alloys?
Tin
Beryllium
Molybdenum
Carbon
1b
multi
Beryllium refines grain size, which increases strength, and lowers the fusion temperature of the alloys, which improves castability. Manganese and silicon also improve the castability of the alloys. Phillips 12 ed  page no 375
Dental
null
c5f8e78b-3fe6-4c76-ae62-b4255de9d72b
Which diuretic could be considered appropriate for combining with ACE inhibitors?
Spironolactone
Eplerenone
Hydrochlorothiazide
Amiloride
2c
multi
Ans. (C) Hydrochlorothiazide(Ref: Katzung 10/e p571; KDT 8/e p632)*ACE inhibitors are contra-indicated in the presence of hyperkalemia. Aldosterone antagonists (like spironolactone and epleronone) and epithelial sodium channel blockers (like amiloride and triamterene) are potassium sparing diuretics and should not be c...
Pharmacology
Diuretics and Antidiuretics
910c1050-e737-4cb7-8e30-e3454eb9f630
Advantages of complete veneer crown include all of the above except:
Most effective retention and resistance.
Alteration in tooth form and occlusion possible.
Margins are close to gingiva.
None of the above
2c
multi
Advantages of complete veneer crown Most effective retention and resistance. Alteration in tooth form and occlusion possible. Disadvantages of complete veneer crown Extensive tooth preparation. Margins are close to gingiva and need meticulous maintenance.
Dental
null
bced69b7-71d6-49ba-8fce-fae41c26c50f
A stenotic valve is removed from a 70-year-old man. The value demonstrates hard nodular masses heaped up within the sinuses of Valsalva. On microscopic section, the acellular masses stain darkly blue with hematoxylin and eosin. Which of the following is the MOST significant constituent of the masses?
Calcium oxalates
Calcium phosphates
Complexed iron
Magnesium phosphates
1b
single
The valvular disease is calcific aoic stenosis, a disease of the elderly in which nodules of calcium salts, notably calcium phosphate salts, form as a result of dystrophic calcification. Dystrophic calcification can also be seen at sites of previous necrosis of many etiologies (coagulative, caseous, liquefactive, or en...
Pathology
null
d3766a3b-3ce3-4307-8e2e-03e0801eb44e
Turner syndrome is maximally associated with ?
Horseshoe kidney
Coarctation of aoa
VSD
ASD
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Coarctation of aoa Among the given options Aoic coarctation is most common.
Pediatrics
null
122621e7-e8da-48c4-8e50-c329f295995d
Ego's defence mechanism "Undoing" is typically seen in -
Depression
Schizophrenia
Obsessive compulsive neurosis
Hysteria
2c
multi
Undoing is seen in OCD.
Psychiatry
null
d0635db6-7a3e-4fb0-9bf4-31090de8b949
The period of normalcy is seen between two psychotic episodes. The diagnosis is
Schizophrenia
Manic depressive psychosis (MDP)
Alcoholism
Depression
1b
single
Bipolar mood disorder earlier known as manic-depressive psychosis is characterised by recurrent episodes of mania and depression in the same patient at different times. These episodes can occur in any sequence. (Ref: a sho textbook of psychiatry, Niraj Ahuja,7th edition, pg no73)
Psychiatry
Mood disorders
39c766c9-c8fb-4281-a8a9-f9ae3647d959
Patient with bleeding due to platelet function defects has which of the following features?
Normal platelet count and normal bleeding time
Normal platelet count and increased bleeding time
Decreased platelet count and increased bleeding time
Normal platelet count and decreased bleeding time
1b
single
Platelet defect are of two types- Functional defect and quantitative defect . Platelet function defect - - Normal platelet count - | Bleeding Time - Bernard Soulier disease ,VWD, Glanzmann's disease
Pathology
Platelet