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deed20e5-f47a-4ab0-836c-003232c65802 | Branches of coeliac axis are all except: | Splenic aery | Left gastric aery | Hepatic aery | Inferior phrenic aery | 3d | multi | D. i.e. Inferior Phrenic aery | Anatomy | null |
b9b9def6-0b1b-4a50-a738-0d37b209feb2 | Day light factor in living rooms should be: | 6% | 8% | 10% | 12% | 1b | single | 8% | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4cb2119c-7dae-40e2-a5bc-a15086f866c6 | which one of the following is not a component of THORACOSORE ? | Performance status | complication of surgery | ASAgrading | Priority of surgery | 1b | single | Thoraco score is a score used to predict the in hospital moality in a patient require thoracic surgery REF : BAILEY AND LOVE 27TH ED | Surgery | All India exam |
cae060b7-393a-40fc-9707-6299ae91c6e4 | Endometrial implants are deficient in which enzyme | Aromatase | 17 β - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 | 17 β - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenose type 1 | 17 α - hydroxylase | 1b | single | 17 β - hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2,which inactivates estrogen is absent in endometrial implants. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
31d51cfa-7bd9-4bf5-acc5-c4059ff4c554 | Which of the following is true about anesthesia machine | Desflurane vapourizer is heated to 39degC | Halothane vaporizers at 39degC | Rotameter is a variable pressure flow meter & variable orifice device for gases only | O2 sensor is attached to inspiratory limb at the machine end. | 0a | multi | A i.e. Desflurane vapourizer is heated to 39degC Rotameter is constant pressure, variable orifice (area) flow meter for gases and liquid bothQ. - Halothane vaporizes at 50.2degC (ie boiling point) -O2 sensor can be attached both on expiratory and inspiratory limb of circle system's breathing circuit but not into the fr... | Anaesthesia | null |
1bba6d3e-13d4-40dd-91d5-e243f4f984c8 | Which of the following play most important role in memory | Synaptic network | Electric conduction network | Conductivity circuit | Conductivity network | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Synaptic network(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.284)Memory information is stored across diffuse network of neurons in brainSynapses across those neuronal network is strengthened by repetition of what is learned | Physiology | Nervous System |
e27d0e2f-6706-47ce-9c1f-ed8863cbc62a | A 10-year-old boy presents with a history recurrent abdominal pain. There is a past history of bronchitis but no history of pneumonia. On examination, there has been no significant increase in weight over the past 3 years, with flattening of the growth curve. Trace digital clubbing is noted. Most appropriate test to be... | Pulmonary function tests | Sweat test | Chest x-ray | Abdominal x-ray | 1b | single | Sweat test. The most common cause of digital clubbing in children, other than cyanotic congenital hea disease, is cystic fibrosis. The history of bronchitis and of abdominal pain (probably secondary to malabsorption) is compatible with this diagnosis. Therefore, a sweat test is the best test to order. Pulmonary functio... | Surgery | null |
b9a7a32d-cfaf-4eaf-83d7-7408c652f1f5 | A 25 year old young male with abdominal pain after sustaining blunt trauma to his abdomen during a road traffic accident has brought to emergency depament. His BP is 120/80 and pulse rate is 72bpm. The next best step in management of this patient is? | Diagnostic Peritoneal Tap | Ultrasound | NCCT-Abdomen | CECT | 1b | multi | * Initial Investigation in a patient with abdominal trauma is USG to detect hemoperitoneum * Investigation of choice to know the source of hemoperitoneum in a stable patient is CECT-Abdomen. Radiological evaluation of abdominal trauma in emergency: Order of FAST Views : 1.Subxiphoid View to detect pericardial collectio... | Radiology | Radiology Q Bank |
9e271006-75a7-454e-ab20-6f22a29746ea | What is the total number of goals in the Millennium Development Goals? | 20 | 10 | 8 | 6 | 2c | single | The Millennium Development Goals were adopted in 2000. There are 8 goals, of which 3 are directly related to health. Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 11. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
950030d0-c2d5-4480-9440-1643c729e3b7 | Which of the following immunoglobulins is rich in serum and body secretions? | Ig G | IgA | Ig M | IgD | 1b | single | IgA is the second most abundant immunoglobulin constituting 10-13% of the total. It is the predominant immunoglobulin in seromucous secretions such as saliva, tears, colostrum, breast milk and tracheobronchial and genitourinary secretions. In human sera more than 80% of IgA occurs as monomer containing 2H and L chains ... | Microbiology | null |
c660c96c-ddeb-4e11-8949-7655831b6fea | Emesis is not contraindicated in | Kerosene poisoning | Nux vomica poisoning | Oxalic acid poisoning | arsenic poisoning | 3d | single | Emesis should be used only if there is difficulty in obtaining gastric lavage. Vomiting can be produced if the medullary centers are still responsive. Due to danger of aspiration of gastric contents, vomiting should only be induced in a conscious patient. Contraindications: Severe hea and lung diseases. Advanced pregna... | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 2 |
314d6718-ea4b-4ec9-b718-fcbb52bf1a12 | An elderly hypertensive has diabetes mellitus and bilateral renal artery stenosis. The best management is: | Enalapril | Verapamil | Beta blockers | Thiazides | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
eabe0b46-d876-4147-92b0-f70a5d5df4a7 | The thickest nerve of the body is: | Radial | Median | Sciatic | Axillary | 2c | single | Sciatic nerve (L4-S3) is the largest peripheral nerve in the body.It is the longest and widest single nerve in the human body, going from the top of the leg to the foot on the posterior aspect The sciatic nerve is comprised of the tibial and common peroneal nerve and exits the pelvis inferior to the piriformis muscle, ... | Anatomy | null |
58598992-6505-4369-829b-6c60e0e5859a | Anti-thyroid drug of choice for thyroid storm is:- | Thiocyanates | Propylthiouracil | Propanolol | Radioactive iodine | 1b | single | Thyroid storm is an extreme form of thyrotoxicosis. The drugs used in thyroid storm are: Propanolol to control severe cardiovascular manifestations. It is life saving drug in thyroid storm and is DOC. CCBs like Diltiazem are used, if beta-blockers are C/I (as in asthmatics). Propylthiouracil is used to reduce the synth... | Pharmacology | Pituitary-Hypothalmic System and Thyroid |
91ce8964-7944-452e-a957-abf67e70f0a9 | Hemiplegia is most commonly caused by thrombosis of | Anterior cerebral artery | Middle cerebral artery | Posterior cerebral artery | Basilar artery | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
edbc9caf-1624-49fa-b34c-a2b520d7e0f9 | Drug used in hepatitis B infection is - | Entecavir | Astacavir | Zanamivir | Abacavir | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Entecavir o Entecavir is the DOC for chronic hepatitis B infection. | Pharmacology | null |
dab92aeb-f24c-47f0-8e05-66f2d44ff664 | Salivary amylase is activated by: March 2007 | Sodium Ion | Chlorine Ion | Potassium Ion | Bicarbonate Ion | 1b | single | Ans. B: Chlorine IonSalivary Amylase break large, insoluble starch molecules into soluble starches (amythrodextrin, achrodestrin and ultimately maltose.Ptyalin acts on linear alpha (1,4) glycosidic linkages.Optimum conditions for ptyalinOptimum pH - 5.6 -6.9Human body temperature-37 degrees CelsiusPresence of ceain ani... | Physiology | null |
0ae26ed7-b9cb-4fff-bec2-987137db4457 | Blood agar is an example of ? | Enriched media | Indicator media | Enrichment media | Selective media | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Enriched media | Microbiology | null |
9976fbb7-e902-4d21-9fd1-4090ef7d4075 | Which of the following drug is not used topicallyfor open angle glaucoma? | Latanoprost | Brimonidin | Acetazolamide | Dorzolamide | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Acetazolamide Topical antiglaucoma drugs Pilocarpine Q%) -> 4ttmes a day Beta-blockers - a iimotot (0,25-0.5%) eye drops + 1-2 times a day a Timolot gel -+ Once a dny Betaxalol (0.5%) + twice daily c Levobunolol (0.25-0.5%) -+ l-2 times a day Caeolol (l -2%) -+ l-2 time a day u Metipranolot (0. 1-0.6%... | Ophthalmology | null |
0008b2db-f713-4a2c-bc57-6f40469d533f | A 42- year old man is undergoing chemotherapy after resection of a cecal adenocarcinoma with positive lymph nodes. Which of the following potentially operable complications is a common occurrence among patients receiving systemic chemotherapy? | Acute cholecystitis | Perirectal abscess | Appendicitis | Diverticulitis | 1b | multi | A surgeon is frequently asked to evaluate patients who are receiving systemic chemotherapy Most complications of chemotherapy do not require surgical therapy. Perirectal abscesses are more common in these immunosuppressed patients. 'Gastrointestinal bleeding occurs secondary to mucosal irritation and thrombocytopenia, ... | Unknown | null |
069afa2a-f74d-4f1a-baa7-3593fca0f288 | Which of following structures pass with aorta through the aortic orifice of the diaphragm | Azygos vein and phrenic nerve | Thoracic duct And vagus nerve | Azygos vein and thoracic duct | Vagus and phrenic nerves | 2c | single | null | Anatomy | null |
e0872cb2-3532-49a6-9530-8d0287b84b97 | A female presented with the severe headache of sudden onset. On CT scan a diagnosis of subarachnoid haemorrhage is made. The most common site of subarachnoid haemorrhage is - | Middle meningeal aery | Berry aneurysm rupture | Basilar aery | Subdural venous sinuses | 1b | single | Excluding head trauma the most common cause of SAH is rupture of a saccular aneurysm (Berry aneurysm or congenital aneurysm)." Ref : Harrison, 17/e p1726 | Surgery | Head and neck |
c44d6c44-3b9c-42e4-a714-614fb14156ce | Which of the following drugs cannot cross the blood placental barrier | Atropine | Glycopyrolate | Physostigmine | Hyoscine hydro bromide | 1b | single | Refer kDT 7/e p116 Glycopyrrolate is a quaternary ammonium compound and is this water soluble and unable to penetrate blood brain barrier | Pharmacology | Autonomic nervous system |
c52cc09b-c2bc-4c14-9aff-99d066b45c19 | Non-pathogenic Ebola virus:- | Zaire | Reston | Cote dlvoire | Bundibugyo | 1b | single | Ebola virus is a deadly human disease most commonly affecting people and non human primates(monkeys and gorillas). Ebola Virus belongs to family Filoviridae. Cause haemorrhagic fever. Out of many subtypes only 4 i.e Ebola,Sudan,Tai and Bundibugyovirus causes disease in people whereas Reston virus is known to cause dise... | Microbiology | Virology (RNA Virus Pa-1,2 & Miscellaneous Viruses) |
4d66cfba-0a51-4cb6-9634-3e8c8264bfe6 | First commissure to develop ? | Corpus callosum | Anterior commissure | Hippocampus | None of the above | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Anterior commissure | Anatomy | null |
420a31ae-c44e-4b98-839d-53286edb26dc | Among the following statements, true about DCIS breast is: | DCIS is a benign proliferation of epithelial cells | DCIS involves only specific sectors of breast | DCIS is almost always detected histologically | Rarely, DCIS can produce nipple discharge | 3d | multi | Ductal Carcinoma in Situ (DCIS) DCIS is a malignant clonal proliferation of epithelial cells limited to ducts and lobules by the basement membrane DCIS can spread throughout the ductal system and produce extensive lesions involving an entire sector of a breast. DCIS is almost always detected by mammography. Histologica... | Pathology | Breast |
b5feb3c4-4def-4cc4-ba61-a93e0bdb980e | All of the following drugs cause hemolysis in G-6PD deficiency except:- | Primaquine | Nitrofurantoin | Sulfonamides | Erythromycin | 3d | multi | * G6PD protects RBC from free radical injury * Impoant drugs causing hemolysis in G6PD deficiency are - Primaquine - Nitrofurantoin - Sulfonamides - Furazolidone | Pharmacology | Pharmacodynamics |
286bb7cc-6e4d-47df-96d1-a09d65f16244 | 30 years old primipara in labour with transverse lie.Treatment of choice is: | Internal cephalic version | Emergency cesarean section | Wait and watch | External cephalic version | 1b | single | Patients in labour with transverse lie can be managed by external cephalic version followed by surgical rupture of the membrane.
But it is important to note that the patient is a primigravida with age 30 years, i.e. elderly primi, so ECV is contraindicated.
This patient requires an emergency cesarean section.
Guidelin... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
0493881c-678c-4a30-9e1c-3d422ef9206d | A 20 years female has hepatosplemegaly, fever, pallor and generalized lymphadenopathy. Lab test useful for diagnosis is/are - | ESR | Electrophoresis | ELISA | Routine haemogram | 3d | multi | General symptoms of leukemia==bleeding,bruising problems,increased risk of infections,(assume===fever,tiredness,)---generally due to lack of normal blood cells===so blood tests help to Dx or assess.Acute leukemias generally are more common in children.So based on age in Question, we can clinically rule out leukemia. Ch... | Microbiology | parasitology |
db701698-c4ca-4a6e-af4e-5f47817782e7 | Complement is a series of impoant host proteins which provide protection from invasion by foreign microorganisms. Which one of the following statements best describes complement? | Complement inhibits phagocytosis | Microorganisms agglutinate in the presence of complement but do not lyse | Complement plays a minor role in the inflammatory response | Complement protects the host from pneumococcal and Haemophilus infection through complement components C1, C2, and C4 | 3d | multi | Both IgG and IgM activate complement by the classic pathway, while IgA activates it by the alternative pathway. Neither IgD nor IgE can activate complement. Complement is a system of several proteins that is activated by either an immune or a nonimmune pathway. Both of these pathways result in the production of many bi... | Microbiology | Immunology |
682dddb8-051a-4538-a1b8-e5823ed742ea | Fordyce spots are seen on- | Lips | Tongue | Fingers | Nails | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Lips Fordyce spots (Fordyce granules or Fordyce disease)* Fordyce's spot represents ectopic sebaceous glands on lips (most common site) and oral mucosa. They may also appear on vulva and penis, where they are called Tyson's gland, i.e., ectopic sebaceous gland at penis (prepuce) and vulva is called ty... | Skin | Anatomy of Skin |
f718af99-204e-4c64-ac08-4f67ae3f7e3e | The cerebral peduncle consists of all the following pas except | Crus cerebri | Substantia nigra | Tegmentum | Tectum | 3d | multi | Each half of the midbrain anterior to the aqueduct is called the cerebral peduncle. Each cerebral peduncle is subdivided into (a) The crus cerebri, anteriorly; (b) the substantia nigra, in the middle; and (c) the tegmentum, posteriorlyRef: BD Chaurasia; Volume 3; 6th edition; Brain; Page no: 328 | Anatomy | Brain |
3d91d500-2c70-4564-8fe3-535c72692855 | Treatment for stage T3N1 of carcinoma maxilla is:- | Radiation therapy only | Chemotherapy only | Surgery and radiation | Chemotherapy and radiation | 2c | single | Treatment for stage T3N1 of carcinoma maxilla is combination of radiotherapy and surgery. CARCINOMA OF MAXILLARY SINUS Common in 40-60 years of age, more common in malesQ Systemic metastasis are rare, may be seen in lungs (MC)Qand occasionally in bone. CLINICAL FEATURES Nasal stuffiness, blood stained discharge, facial... | Surgery | Oral cavity |
5e0291ca-312c-4403-9786-dfac7df580ae | True about Choledochal cyst is | Always extrahepatic | Treatment is cystojejunostomy | Excision is ideal treatment | Drainage is treatment of choice | 2c | multi | Option A: it can be both intrahepatic and extrahepatic Option B: Treatment of choice is Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy Option D: Drainage is not done Option C: Roux-en-Y hepaticojejunostomy Is the treatment of choice. So Excision of Choledochal cyst is the right answer Ref: Sabiston 20th edition Pgno :1512-1514 | Anatomy | G.I.T |
1741ac1d-8016-48fc-962b-b97016b60bb1 | A 72-year-old man with a significant smoking history presents to the emergency room with complaints of dyspnea and truncal, arm, and facial swelling for one week. Physical examination is remarkable for facial erythema and facial, truncal, and arm edema with prominence of thoracic and neck veins. On chest x-ray, there i... | Adenocarcinoma | Hodgkin's lymphoma | Large cell carcinoma | Small cell carcinoma | 3d | multi | Superior vena cava (SVC) syndrome is characterized by obstruction of venous return from the head, neck, and upper extremities. Over 85% of cases of SVC syndrome are related to malignancy. Bronchogenic carcinomas (most commonly small cell cancer and squamous cell cancer) account for over 80% of these cases. Among bronch... | Pathology | null |
d7023366-eabb-43cd-88b0-c6705d8e301e | Most common serotype causing meningococcus epidemics is | A | W - 135 | C | Y | 0a | single | Meningococal Meningitis Causative agent : N.meningitidis,a gran negative diplococci Serotypes A, B, C, D, 29E,W135,X,Y World wide Group A is the MC cause of Meningococcal Epidemics (except in America), especially in Sub saharan African belt Recently Group B, W-135, Y cases have staed increasing in World Epidemics cause... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
fbd363bf-f354-4ecb-ba19-31efd4c0a703 | Lepra cell is a – | Plasma cell | Neutrophil | Lymphocyte | Histiocyte | 3d | single | Virchow's lepra cells or foamy cells are undifferentiated histiocytes. | Dental | null |
7b2c560f-2b7e-49cd-a676-63801f39d0e6 | As opposed to lobar pneumonia broncho pneumonia is characterised grossly and microscopically by | patchy inflammatory distribution | organisation of alveolar exudate | A diffuse inflammatory distribution | Inflammation of bronchus | 0a | multi | null | Medicine | null |
006472ff-edf1-4404-97ae-060bbe3ee294 | In assessing the nutritional status of community the following are used except | Mortality in 1-4 years age group | Percentage of pregnant lady with less than 11.5% Hb | Weight/height index in preschool children | Low birth weight | 1b | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
b28fa7bb-6c56-4b2c-99e3-2866fd60ee9f | On mutation, which of the following may give rise to hereditary glaucoma. | Optineurin | Ephrins | RBA8 | Huntingtin | 0a | single | The first gene found for open angle glaucoma was, GLC1A or myocilin (MYOC). The second gene discovered was optineurin. WDR 36 gene is also involved. | Ophthalmology | null |
215f01e4-54ce-4dcd-ba9d-d86a463f1e03 | Lipschutz bodies are seen in | Hepatitis - B | Vaccinia | Variola | Herpes simplex | 3d | single | Lipschutz bodies are inclusion bodies seen in herpes simplex. | Microbiology | null |
068a0b7e-2567-40d2-94ac-1da3207d4977 | Increased functional demand on the heart produces increased size of the myocardium by: | Hyperplasia | Hypertrophy | Calcification | Fatty infiltration | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
4d7e0e03-7f64-4401-9299-458f8d734317 | Opportunistic lung infection in AIDS is due to- | Pneumocystis carini | Klebsiella | Mucormycosis | Mycoplasma | 0a | single | null | Medicine | null |
f567c291-5b9b-46a5-99f4-2119fae45704 | Dysdiadochokinesia | Inability to Perform Rapid Alternating Movements. | Failure of Progression in Talking. | Intention Tremor | Tremor of the Eyeballs | 0a | multi | Dysdiadochokinesia: Inability to Perform Rapid Alternating Movements.Dysahria: Failure of Progression in Talking.Intention Tremor: When a person who has lost the cerebellum performs a voluntary act, the movements tend to oscillate, especially when they approach the intended mark, first overshooting the mark and then vi... | Physiology | General physiology |
916d7bbf-0ab6-4f9f-8c88-bd3852acd6e3 | Which of the following is not required for healing | Vitamin C | Copper | Methionine | Sodium | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e.,Sodium Nutrient required for proper wound healing are :Minerals: Iron (divalent iron), Manganese, Magnesium, copper, calcium, zinc.Vitamins: Ascorbic acid (vitamin C), Retinol (vitamin A), and less impoantly riboflavin, pyridoxin, thiamine, tocopherol (vitamin E).Protein and amino acids : Methionine an... | Biochemistry | null |
6d361c6c-0391-41c6-9475-438b85949985 | a-Fetoprotein is increased in all the following except : | Increased maternal weight | Multiple gestation | Maternal hepatoma | Abdominal wall defect | 0a | multi | Increased maternal weight | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
d5fb428b-a47a-4ed0-aa90-733740f481f2 | Gold standard IOC for female infeility is:September 2011 | Laparoscopy | Transvaginal USG | Hysteroscopy | Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy | 3d | single | Ans. D: Laparoscopy and hysteroscopyLaparoscopy is combined with hysteroscopy as a comprehensive one-stop infeility work-up, to detect cause of infeility and treat the cause in one go | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
67e116b2-ee71-4040-b1e2-adf75770469e | A 45 year old was given steroids after renal transplant. After 2 years he had difficulty in walking and pain in both hips. Which one of the following is most likely cause? | Primary Osteoahritis | Avascular necrosis | Tuberculosis | Aluminum toxicity | 1b | multi | Difficulty in walking and pain in both hips after 2 years of steroid intake is suggestive of avascular necrosis. Ref: Apley's System of Ohopedics and Fractures, 8th Edition, Pages 92-93; MR Imaging of the Body By Ernst J. Rummeny, Peter Reimer, Walter Heindel, 2009, Page 460 | Surgery | null |
5d12724d-7c13-42b5-a877-838cfb85e097 | a-oxidation occurs in | Mitochondria | Peroxisomes | Cytosol | Golgi apparatus | 0a | single | Alpha Oxidation It is a process by which fatty acids are oxidised by removing carbon atoms, one at a time, from the carboxyl end. The process is impoant in brain fatty acid does not need activation. Hydroxylation occurs at the alpha-carbon atom. It is then oxidized to alpha-keto acid. The keto acid then undergoes decar... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of lipid |
920493c4-8537-449b-9818-24c40a47117d | Fungi of medical importance belongs to | Deuteromycota | Basidiomycota | Ascomycota | Zygomycota | 0a | single | Deuteromycota (Fungi imperfectii) - Sexual state is absent - most medically important fungi. | Microbiology | null |
7d88811c-6a41-4bef-ae12-4758ccf95ad4 | Hidradenitis suppurativa is infection of | Subcutaneous tissue | Fat | Sebaceous gland | Skin | 2c | single | Hidradenitis suppurativa is infection of sebaceous glands It is actually due to keratin blockage of apocrine glands but the inflammation extends to involve the eccrine and the sebaceous glands Hidradenitis suppurativaisalso called Acne inversa or ectopic acne It is a chronic recurrent follicular disease presenting afte... | Dental | All India exam |
f230f188-bd0d-4b55-bd25-64c7a1d944e2 | In control of peussis, the drug of choice for cases? | Erythromycin | Ciprofloxacin | Tetracycline | Penicillin | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Erythromycin Control of whooping cough o Control of whooping cough requires :? 1) Management of cases and contacts 2) Prevention by active immunization Cases: Erythromycin is the DOC. Alternatives are ampicillin, tetracyclin & septran. Contacts : Those who are exposed ---> 10 days erythromycin | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
2be4b2be-ecaf-4726-bd43-23b476a91888 | Concerning the peripheral chemoreceptors, True is: | They respond to changes in the aerial PO2 but not pH | Under normoxic conditions, the response to changes in PO2 is very small | The response to changes in PCO2 is slower than for central chemoreceptors | They are the most impoant receptors causing an increased ventilation in response to a rise in PCO2. | 1b | multi | The peripheral chemoreceptors are responsive to the aerial PO2 , but during normoxia, the response is small. The other choices are incorrect. Peripheral chemoreceptors do respond to changes in blood pH, the response to changes in PCO2 is faster than is the case for central chemoreceptors, the central chemoreceptors are... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 3 |
b5a91fc2-97c7-41b9-944e-6de290ac04d5 | All the following statements are true regarding cervicofacial actinomycosis, EXCEPT | 10-20% of actinomycosis cases occur in cervicofacial region. | The discharging pus contains visible 'sulphur granules' | Cultures on blood agar often produce a typical 'molar tooth' morphology | There is usually history of trauma such as tooth extraction or a blow to the jaw | 0a | multi | null | Pathology | null |
049c0cfa-6736-4963-b9a7-d97790493bd0 | Sclerotherapy failure is defined as | Unresponsiveness to consecutive 2 energy sclerotherapies | Unresponsiveness to consecutive 3 energy sclerotherapies | Remnant bleeding even after sclerotherapy for successive 2 hospital admissions | Failure to heal after a single treatment | 0a | single | Failure of endoscopic treatment is declared when two sessions fail to control hemorrhage Ref: Sabiston 20th edition | Anatomy | G.I.T |
b3c9f503-441b-40bf-b591-5da2ffe1cdf6 | How is the Human povey index - 2 (HPI -2) different from Human povey Index - 1 (HPI - 1, as described in UNDP? | It also captures the financial inclusion | It also captures the social exclusive | It also captures the geriatric empowerment | It also captures the occupational health | 1b | single | Human povey index for developing countries (HPI-1) The following three dimensions are taken into account: Deprivation of longevity, measured as a percentage of the individuals with a life expectancy lower than 40 years (P1). Deprivation of knowledge, expressed as a percentage of illiterate adults (P2). Deprivation of d... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
df43876a-0398-490b-a44a-690413eab2a2 | Rejuvenation of gutta-percha can be changed from a to b form at | 55 - 59° F | 55 - 59° C | 20 - 25° C | 20 - 25° F | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
07bf7174-bf40-4ef2-a3ea-22dd0ef8feb3 | Other than keratoacanthoma, lesion which shows pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia: | Blastomycosis | Sporotrichosis | Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis | All of the above | 3d | multi | All these lesions shows pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia:
Keratoacanthoma
Granular cell tumor of tongue
Papillary hyperplasia of tongue & palate
Blastomycosis
Sporotrichosis
Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
Granuloma inguinale. | Pathology | null |
542a5a62-278a-4f27-9024-9a7edce115d2 | Measure of lnfectivity of a disease: | Incidence rate | Prevalance rate | Secondary attack rate | Case Fatality rate | 2c | single | Ref: Park 'Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine', 22nd edition, Pg: 58, 55, 96Explanation:Incidence rateNumber of new cases occurring in a defined population during a specified period in timePrevalence rateIt includes old and new cases, it depends on Incidence and duration of disease Prevalence = incidence X dura... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Infectious Disease Epidemiology |
b6d5543a-1349-4ac3-82b2-ceb14961a238 | A child comes with hematuria following respiratory tract infection. He gives similar history about 5-10 months back also. All are true, except - | C3 complement level normal | Progressive renal failure with each attack | Biopsy shows focal and diffuse proliferative change in 50% of patient | Anti streptococcal antibody titre may not rise after each attack | 2c | multi | Hematuria is defined as the presence of red blood cells in the urine originating from the kidney or the urinary tract Underlying conditions producing hematuria, like diabetes, can be associated with progressive decline in kidney function in the setting of CKD Ref Harrison20th edition pg 278 | Medicine | Kidney |
6001e8e7-c33d-4067-895e-8e41117ec19f | Lithium most commonly used in: | Bipolar disorder | Depressive disorder | Personality disorder | Headache | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Bipolar disorderRef.: Harrison 19th ed. / 2717* DOC for prophylaxis of bipolar disorder- Lithium* DOC for acute mania: Lithium* Lithium can also be used in treatment of neutropenia and cluster headache and major depression episodes.* Therapeutic level of lithium: 0.8 - 1.2 mEq/L* Toxicity seen after >1.5 mEq/L... | Psychiatry | Personality Disorders |
0323548b-acc8-4c3b-b32f-51ee01006f97 | Long bone fracture fixation done with -a) Intramedullary nailb) Compression platec) External fixationd) Screwe) Tension band wiring | abc | bc | acd | bcd | 0a | single | There are so many options in fracture management and it is useless to explain them here. I am giving only brief description.
Management of fracture
The principles in fracture management are : -
1)Reduction
In displaced fractures, fracture site is reduced to proper alignment first.
Reduction may be : -
A) Closed ... | Orthopaedics | null |
1dc686b2-343a-4b05-84fe-588a23a4e603 | The drug which acts by inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation in helminths? | Niclosamide | Piperazine | Praziquantel | Mebendazole | 0a | single | Niclosamide is a chlorinated salicylamide for most cestode infections acts by, inhibiting oxidative phosphorylation. But post drug purging is required for niclosamide, unlike praziquantel and albendazole.Ref: Sharma and Sharma 2nd e/pg 805. | Pharmacology | Antibiotics |
a9252005-4a87-43d6-9576-d6c2a314fc03 | False about Pulse polio immunization is | Mop up immunization is done in restricted geographical areas | It is carried out in all children less than 5 yrs of age | Mopping up is done in areas where wild polio virus is found | AFP surveillance is done in all children < 5 years of age | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e. AFP surveillance is done in all children < 5 years of age AFP surveillance is carried out in all children below 15 years of age AFP SurveillanceAcute flaccid paralysis (AFP) surveillance is carried out to identify all remaining infected areas, monitor progress towards eradication and target supplementa... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
6544a48c-a0d2-4cf3-8696-7ef156eadeab | Which of the following does not effect the refraction of eye | Removal of vitreous | Thickening of lens | Increase in depth of anterior chamber | Change in axial length | 2c | single | Answer- C. Increase in depth of anterior chamberDepth of anterior chamber has no role in refractive system of eye.Removal of vitreous will change the refractionThickening of lens will change the refractionChange in axial length has a large effect on refractive power of eye.The main function of refractive system of eye ... | Ophthalmology | null |
4e2b7ff4-8ebb-464f-b8ce-cf82e6b1a779 | Supine hypotension is characteristic of: | First trimester | 2nd trimester | 3rd trimester of pregnancy | Twin pregnancy | 2c | single | 3rd trimester of pregnancy | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1161d849-cda0-4034-be05-81e50ca537fa | 'Clue cells' are seen in: | Bacterial vaginosis | Vaginal Candidiasis | Chlamydial vaginosis | Trichomoniasis | 0a | single | Clue cells are epethelial cells covered with bacteria and are identified on microscopy. They are characteristic of Bacterial Vaginosis. Ref: Clinical Obstetrics and Gynaecology by Brian A. Magowan, Philip Owen, James Drife, Pages 125-134. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
51715cba-a697-41f5-81b3-d5e8d29593e2 | From the surgery done below, name the gold standard investigation used to diagnose this condition: | CECT | Ultrasound | MRI | Laparotomy | 0a | single | The specimen in the image is Appendix and the surgery performed is Appendectomy CECT done to confirm diagnose at a 5-6 ALVARADO Score as it is Equivocal. Gold standard for Dx of Acute Appendicitis-CECT. Features seen in CECT in case of acute appendicitis- Diy fat thickened mesoappendix Appendicular faecolith Arrowhead ... | Surgery | Vermiform Appendix |
efafd6b1-3ffb-4d1a-9a01-466a1a6eb800 | Structure derived from first pharyngeal arch: | Levator palatini | Buccinator | Stylohyoid | Anterior belly of digastric | 3d | single | Answer D. Anterior belly of digastricMESODERMAL DERIVATIVES OF PHARYNGEAL ARCHESPharyngeal archMuscular contributionsSkeletal contributionsNerveAeryIst (also called "mandibular arch")MylohyoidMuscles of masticationAnterior belly of digastricTensor veli palatiniTensor tympaniMaxillaZygomatic bonepa of temporal and vomer... | Anatomy | null |
66aabc38-0d9e-41e5-9ca2-08df7235cc3f | Most impoant extracellular buffer______ | Bicarbonates | Plasma Protein | Phosphates | Nitrates | 0a | single | The most impoant extracellular buffer is bicarbonate. The source of bicarbonate is plasma by filtration. It is non inducible buffer. Proteins: Are the most abundant intracellular buffer. Phosphate: Minor buffer in kidney. The source is plasma by filtration. It is non inducible buffer. Ammonia is a minor buffer, locally... | Physiology | Renal physiology |
afc689c2-3f13-4755-85db-2f8517baf55b | The layer responsible for the strength of an intestinal anastomosis is | Mucosa | Submucosa | Muscularis propria | Serosa | 1b | single | Mechanical propeiesThe mechanical propeies of intact intestine in axial and transversal directions were different. The mechanical strength of the intact intestinal wall was conditioned by the submucosa and muscularis, while the serosa and mucosa showed no significant strength. Comparison of axial specimens&; mechanical... | Pathology | All India exam |
8bc27000-7920-412d-bf24-f12cb6285a9c | Catgut suture is derived from which pa of the sheep | Stomach | Intestine | Muscle | Ligaments | 2c | single | Answer- C. MuscleCatgut suture is prepared from the submucosa of the first one-third of the small intestine of sheep or cow.Chromic catgut is made by treating catgut with cbromic acid salt. | Surgery | null |
485177ed-ce12-4d7a-8627-30ff50bb62ab | Which of the following sensation are transmitted by the Dorsal tract/Posterior column? | Fine touch | Pain | Temperature | All of the above | 0a | multi | Fasciculus gracilis and fasciculus cuneatus occupy the posterior white funiculus of the spinal cord, and are, therefore, often referred to as the posterior column tracts. Functions: -components of sense of touch: Fine-touch Tactile touch Tactile localization Tactile discrimination Stereognosis. - proprioceptive impulse... | Physiology | Nervous system |
b54073b8-0cc2-42c9-82bb-07d18bf517fc | Which amino acid can protonate and deprotonate at neutral pH? | Histidine | Leucine | Glycine | Arginine | 0a | single | Ans. A. HistidineAmino acid which can protonate and deprotonate means those which can act as buffer.Amino acid whose pKa=pH of the medium has maximum buffering capacity.pKa of imidazole group of histidine is 6.5 - 7.4.At pH=7, Imidazole group of histidine can act as buffer. | Biochemistry | Proteins and Amino Acids |
e4afbe57-6290-4071-abca-9c278e09a2bd | All are included in triple therapy for peptic ulcer EXCEPT: September 2012 | Clarithyromycin | Amoxycillin | Ciprofloxacin | Proton pump inhibitor | 2c | multi | Ans. C i.e. Ciprofloxacin H. pylori Its eradication drastically reduces ulcer recurrence in patients with duodenal or gastric ulcers. 7-day triple therapies with a proton pump inhibitor (PPI) + two antibiotics given BID are currently recommended first-line for H. pylori eradication e.g. lansoprazole (or alternate PPI) ... | Pharmacology | null |
e1370e0c-0662-424d-840f-14902e16b71b | A patient develops hepatosplenomegaly, lymphadenopathy following sexual contact, 3 weeks back. The best test to rule out HIV infection is | ELISA | Western blot | p24 Ag | Lymph node biopsy | 2c | single | the p24 antigen is the earliest marker for HIV infections.
Acute HIV syndrome develops 3-6 weeks after the infection.
The acute HIV syndrome represents the initial or primary response of an immunocompetent adult to the HIV infection.
It is characterized by a high level of virus production, viremia and widespread seedin... | Medicine | null |
7fce036c-a72a-41ff-b16e-15f02fa45e48 | Semi essential amino acids are – a) Arginineb) Lysinec) Leucined) Histidine | b | c | ac | ad | 3d | single | Semi essential amino acids
Semi essential amino acids are ones that can sometimes be made internally if conditions are right.
Arginine and histidine are such amino acids that can be converted from other amino acids.
Also know
Conditionally essential amino acids
Non-essential amino acids become essential if their pre... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
af596a64-c4e7-4cb4-b1cc-e203617885bf | Glibenclamide reduces blood glucose in all of the following EXCEPT: | Non diabetics | Type 1 diabetics | Type 2 diabetics | Obese diabetics | 1b | multi | (Ref: KDT 6/e p266) Sulfonylureas decrease blood glucose in diabetics as well as non-diabetics. It requires at least 30% of functional beta cells for their action. Insulin is the only treatment for type 1 doanetes. | Anatomy | Other topics and Adverse effects |
e28bcc85-1808-489a-b2bd-3e5a59cfbc23 | Chalky white deposits in teeth are seen with which acid? | Carbolic acid | Oxalic acid | Nitric acid | Sulphuric acid | 3d | single | High yield points: Chalky white teeth-sulphuric acid Black tongue- sulphuric acid Yellow teeth- picric acid Green urine- phenol Golden hair- copper | Forensic Medicine | Toxicology - 2 |
72041608-3eda-48ce-b26a-6800ebe3ac46 | Wide pulse pressure is seen in- | Aoic regurgitation | PDA | MR | AS | 0a | single | The aerial pulse pressure is widened as a result of both systolic hypeension and a lowering of the diastolic pressure. The measurement of aerial diastolic pressure with a sphygmomanometer may be complicated by the fact that systolic sounds are frequently heard with the cuff completely deflated. As the disease progresse... | Medicine | C.V.S |
d05b82eb-2944-402d-b447-f1ea84af1e08 | The inverse stretch reflex is due to | Trail fibre ending | Golgi tendon | Tail fiber ending | Muscle spindle | 1b | single | The receptor for the inverse stretch reflux is in the Golgi tendon organ.(Ref: Ganong&;s Review of medical physiology 23rd edition page no.162) | Physiology | General physiology |
c34305e2-252f-4e20-94fb-7cd9fe80c26f | Sperm maturation takes place in | Vas deferens | Seminiferous tubules | Epididymis | Female genital tract | 2c | single | Sperm maturation takes place in epididymis. The seminiferous tubules of the testis are the staing point of the process, where spermatogonial stem cells adjacent to the inner tubule wall divide in a centripetal direction- beginning at the walls and proceeding into the innermost pa or lumen to produce immature sperm. Ref... | Anatomy | Abdomen and pelvis |
196e2b31-7af5-44c2-8b05-f3c89b90863e | A young male with gallbladder stones shows the following test results; serum bilirubin 2.5, Hb 6; urine test positive for urobilinogen; diagnosis is: | Hemolytic jaundice | Obstructive jaundice | Hepatocellular jaundice | Protoporphyria | 0a | multi | Answer is A (Haemolytic jaundice) All findings in the question corroborate with a haemolytic picture. Presence of Urobilinogen in urine rules out an obstructive cause for jaundice. Decrease in haemoglobin and elevated bilirubin levels are consistent with a haemolytic cause. Gall stones can be explained by precipitation... | Medicine | null |
1d7c0619-85cb-43a0-bcc7-1d880f9478ad | What tissue from the implanting embryo directly interfaces with the endometrial connective tissue? | Inner cell mass | Extra embryonic mesoderm | Epiblast | Syncytiotrophoblast | 3d | single | null | Anatomy | null |
4b774530-b29a-437f-80b2-1f312e830ce3 | A 49-year-old man has a pulmonary embolism that completely blocks blood flow to his left lung. As a result, which of the following will occur? | Ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in the left lung will be zero | Systemic aerial PO2 will be elevated | V/Q ratio in the left lung will be lower than in the right lung | Alveolar PO2 in the left lung will be approximately equal to the PO2 in inspired air | 3d | single | Alveolar PO2 in the left lung will equal the PO2 in inspired air-No blood flow to the left lung- No gas exchange between the alveolar air and the pulmonary capillary blood-Consequently, O2 is not added to the capillary blood. The ventilation/perfusion (V/Q) ratio in the left lung will be infinite (not zero or lower tha... | Physiology | Respiratory System Pa 1 |
30d7c8ed-c17c-4328-8c39-9ba856672eab | Vitamin B12 deficiency can give rise to all of the following except: | Myelopathy | Optic atrophy | Peirpheral neuropathy | Myopathy | 3d | multi | null | Medicine | null |
2ca2ab72-b2df-4e27-8874-322fdbe5310e | Radiation therapy to hypoxic tissues may be potentiated by the treatment with – | Mycostatin | Metronidazole | Methotrexate | Melphalan | 1b | single | null | Radiology | null |
e7c6c048-d08c-47ac-85c3-d4917e389520 | Which of the following has the same principle as that used in Brinell test? | Rockwell | Vickers | Knoop | None | 1b | multi | The Vickers hardness test employs the same principle of hardness testing that is used in the Brinell test. However, instead of a steel ball, a square-based pyramid is used. Although the impression is square instead of round, the method for calculating the Vickers hardness number (usually abbreviated as HV or VHN) is th... | Dental | null |
5dceaa68-c70f-4e8c-b6c7-09c0fff0098b | All are seen in Henoch Schonlein purpura except: | Thrombocytopenia | Glomerulonephritis | Arthralgia | Abdominal pain | 0a | multi | a. Thrombocytopenia(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 1216-1217Ghai 8/e p 632-633)Palpable purpura without thrombocytopenia is seen in Henoch Schonlein purpura (HSP) | Pediatrics | New Born Infants |
aff0446d-cdaf-4548-9be7-559a63c0c752 | Which of the following markers in the blood is the most reliable indicator of recent hepatitis Binfection? | HBsAg | IgG anti - HBs | IgM anti - HBc | IgM anti - Hbe | 2c | single | Answer is C (IgM anti-HBc): Hbs Ag is present in recent hepatitis B infection but it is not specific to acute infection (it may also be seen in carriers). IgM anti- HBc is specific for acute or recent hepatitis, and hence is the answer of choice. | Medicine | null |
7536d8f8-e30b-4939-9af4-04f60ca2982e | Oblique and horizontal fracture of nasal septum is called as - | Jarjavay and chevallete fracture | Arnold fracture | Citteli fracture | Thudicum fracture | 0a | multi | null | ENT | null |
23cccc6d-d227-4a6d-85db-20e3e928aa97 | All are features of haemophilic knee joint, EXCEPT: | Juxta articular osteosclerosis | Sub chondral cyst formation | Widening of intercondylar notch | Squaring of patella | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' ie juxta articular osteosclerosis Hemophilic arthropathy : is common in both A & B types of hemophilia. It is not common in other inherited disorder of coagulation, such as von Willebrand ds. or factor V deficiencyRadiographs of joints reflect the stage of diseaseIn early stages these is only capsule disten... | Orthopaedics | Hemophilic Arthritis |
23de7534-e8ac-479b-ba77-1e93dfd31d0c | HIV prevalence can be assessed bv- | Sentinel surveillance | Active | Passive | Register | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Sentinel surveillance Surveillanceo Surveillance is defined as "the continous scrutiny of the factors that determine the occurrence and distribution of disease and other conditions of ill healtho S urveillance may be of following typesPassive surveillanceData is reported itself to health system, e.g. ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of Health and Disease |
99b66b30-559c-4ef9-bd9f-c4b7fe2981df | In modified class III cavity restoration retention is obtained mainly by | Acid etching | Retentive groove/slot | Retentive point | Retentive pin | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
d4a2cf86-145c-4dec-abf0-5b0c5aaa7d66 | Hyperinflation of lung in CXR is seen in - | CCF | Congenital lobar emphysema | Diaphragmatic hernia | Foreign body | 1b | single | Hypertranslucency due to hyperinflation may occur in congenital lobar emphysema. | Radiology | null |
fa964d00-9059-467e-ae63-4a2d53adef6d | Transfer of genetic material in between bacteria through pili is termed as: | Transduction | Conjugation | Transformation | Transfection | 1b | single | (Refer: Anantha Narayanan and Paniker’s Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition, pg no: 59-61)
Methods of gene transfer | Unknown | null |
010ef5f2-167c-4c72-b7ec-24c33f95f8f1 | Furosemide mechanism of action in LVF is: September 2010 | Inhibitor of Na-K-Cl ion sympo | Aldosterone antagonist | Mercurial derivative | Carbonic anhydrase inhibitor | 0a | single | Ans. A: Inhibitor of Na-K-Cl ion sympo Like other loop diuretics, furosemide acts by inhibiting the Na-K-2C1 sympoer in the thick ascending limb of the loop of Henle. The action on the distal tubules is independent of any inhibitory effect on carbonic anhydrase or aldosterone; it also abolishes the coicomedullary osmot... | Pharmacology | null |
b8e2f789-76af-449f-8a54-606e7670f6e1 | After how many days of pregnancy the peak levels of HCG in urine is seen normally? | 30 | 45 | 70 | 90 | 2c | multi | The intact hCG molecule is detectable in plasma of pregnant women 7 to 9 days after the midcycle surge of LH that precedes ovulation. Thus, it is likely that hCG enters maternal blood at the time of blastocyst implantation. Plasma levels increase rapidly, doubling every 2 days, with maximal levels being attained at 8 t... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
30ed74ee-a7b9-4374-8560-ac74f6a1c5d6 | A patient on amphotericin emia of | 40 mEq over 24 hours | 60 mEq over 24 hours | 80 mEq over 24 hours | 120-160 mEq over 24 hours | 3d | single | Ans. d. 120-160 mEq over 24 hours Except in unusual circumstances, the total amount of potassium administered daily should not exceed 200 mEq. Potassium Supplementation A prudent protocol to follow is to add potassium chloride to IV solutions at a final concentration of 40-60 mEq/L and to administer no more than 10-20 ... | Medicine | null |
c2f83ab0-3ca3-423f-882b-f83b9c2b1bd8 | Kidney receives about …………… % of cardiac output - | 5% | 10% | 15% | 20% | 3d | single | Total blood flow through various organs (whole organ)
Liver - 1500ml/min - 27.8% of cardiac output
Kidney - 1260ml/min - 23.3% of cardiac output
Skeletal muscle - 840ml/min - 15.6% of cardiac output
Brain - 750ml/min - 13.9% of cardiac output
Skin - 462ml/min - 8.6% of cardiac output
Heart - 250ml/min - 4.7% of cardia... | Physiology | null |
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