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2d38b3e9-574d-4614-90ee-06933b231ae9 | Pneumatosis intestinalis is diagnostic of | Ileal perforation | Necrotizing enterocolitis | Meconium ileus | Colonic aganglionosis | 1b | single | .Necrotising enterocolitis is an acquired inflammatory disease commonly seen in infants and newborn but occasionally can occur in children and adults. It ismore commonly seen in premature babies. It is more common in formula fed babies than breast bed babies. Reduced gut flora make virulent pathogens to act and cause s... | Surgery | G.I.T |
64d49c57-9496-49bc-a037-20087d2a653f | True about MRI/CT appearance of lateral meningocele: | Solid dural masses | Usually outside the spinal canal | Widened neural foramen | Generally there is no spinal cord compression & deformity | 2c | multi | C i.e. Widened neural foramen - Lateral meningocele is non solid, CSF containing leptomeningeal outpouching through widened neural foramen usually into paraspinal, intrathoracic spaceQ. And it is generally associated with spinal deformities like, posterior (dorsal) scalloping, erosion of pedicles, thinning of neural ar... | Radiology | null |
51633482-92ea-4a13-86ba-25dc86f2447d | The sequence in a long chain of protein is identified by | Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) | Chromosome walking | Leucine Zipper | SSOP | 1b | single | "A major use of RFLPs is in the definition of inherited diseases in which the functional deficit is unknown. RFLPs / SNPs can be used to establish linkage groups, which in turn, by the process of chromosome walking, will eventually define the disease locus. In chromosome walking, a fragment representing one end of a lo... | Biochemistry | null |
24159036-886b-4c2d-be10-21b40436b621 | Cyclic GMP is the second messenger of: | Growth Hormone | Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) | Insulin | Thyroxin | 2c | single | C i.e. Insulin | Physiology | null |
c2930ca4-0659-482e-95ab-fc34ea0ad6b3 | Which of the following does not cause biliary tract obstruction ? | Ascaris lumbricoides | Ankylostoma duodenale | Clonorchis sinensis | Fasciola hepatia | 1b | single | Pathogenesis and clinical features of ankylostoma duodanale Infective agent: filariform larvae Poal of entry: skin The worm causes hookworm disease in man characterized mainly by anaemia. (refer pgno:144 baveja 3 rd edition) | Microbiology | parasitology |
0423d4de-a5f6-4218-aa44-2843ca2a317a | IgA-nephropathy is seen in: | Membranous glomerulonephritis | Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis | Focal glomerulonephritis | Cresentic glomerulonephritis | 1b | single | Answer is B (Mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis): | Medicine | null |
7a1968e6-6884-4d96-bc46-915ae37661b0 | Testes completely descend in the scrotum by the: DNB 09 | End of 7th month | End of 8th month | End of 9th month | After bih | 2c | single | Ans. End of 9th month | Forensic Medicine | null |
98756ea1-1f0b-4543-80ed-3630e674da66 | Pt with recurrent diarrhoea, pseudopolyp, lead pipe appearance on Ba enema has - | Ulcerative colitis | Crohn's disease | Irritable bowel syndrome | Short bowel syndrome | 0a | single | null | Surgery | null |
491847e2-7357-4994-8f46-b2cd8798f25d | The risk factor association of pancreatic cancer was studied in a case control study. The values of the odds ratio and the confidence interval for various risk factors are as below: Risk factors Odds ratio 95% confidence limit A 2.5 1 - 3 B 1.4 l .1 - 1.7 C 1.6 0.9 -1.7 Which is true: | Risk A has strongest association with pancreatic cancer | Risk B has the strongest association | Risk C has the strongest association | All three are equally associated | 1b | multi | Risk B has the strongest association [Ref: http://www.thedoctorsdoctorcom/labtests/statistics.htm Odds ratio is a measure of the strength of the association between risk factor and the outcome. It is used to assess the risk of a paicular outcome (or disease) if a ceain factor (or exposure) is present. The odds ratio is... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
770b345e-07eb-4a76-9922-f0720dc5b95d | Drug of choice for status epilepticus is: September 2011, March 2013 | Valproate | Phenytoin | Lorazepam | Carbamazepine | 2c | single | Ans. C: Lorazepam Intravenous Lorazepam is now the treatment of choice for controlling seizures in status epilepticus Status epilepticus/SE It is a life-threatening condition in which the brain is in a state of persistent seizure. Definitions vary, but traditionally it is defined as one continuous unremitting seizure l... | Pharmacology | null |
9e929bef-dade-4a18-8677-757b7eccb1e1 | Koplik spot true is ? | Pathognomic of measls | Present on buccal mucosa opposite P' molar | Always present | All of above | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Pathognomic of measls Measle Caused by RNA virus. Highly contagious droplet spread from secretion of nose and throat 4 day before and 5 days after rash. Secondary attack rate >90% in contact. Prodromal phase - characterized by fever, rhinorrhea, conjuctival congestion and dry hackig cough. Koplik spot... | Pediatrics | null |
b750e6df-7c6f-4d2b-b87e-f2d065d93868 | Complication of measles are all except - | Myocarditis | Appendicitis | SSPE | Pancreatitis | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Panereatitis | Pediatrics | null |
1646f988-14a8-4aec-b83d-f62255a4730e | True about histology in infilterating lobular breast carcinoma- | Single file pattern | Pleomorphic cells in sheets | Cribriform pattern | Pin wheel pattern | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Single file patterno Histological hallmark of invasive lobular breast carcinoma is pattern of single infilterating tumor cells often only one cell in width or in loose clusters or sheets. | Pathology | null |
198bc3c2-5bc0-4de7-a43f-718119ae4a4a | According to AHA/ACC all the surgeries are associated with low risk requiring no preoperative cardiac testing in patients with known coronary aery disease except- | Cataract surgery | Endoscopic procedure | Prostate Sx | Breast Sx | 2c | multi | Risk stratification Procedure examples Vascular (repoed cardiac risk >5%) Aoic and other major vascular surgery Peripheral vascular surgery Intermediate risk (repoed cardiac risk 1%-5%) Intraperitoneal and intrathoracic surgery Carotid endaerectomy Head and neck surgery Ohopedic Surgery Prostate surgery Low risk (repoe... | Anaesthesia | Pre Anesthetic Evaluation |
a43c4fcb-662d-478c-af29-2c7958630670 | Estimation of the degradation products of the cross- linked fibrin fibers in DIC can best, specifically, and accurately be done by which of the following tests? | Fibrinopeptide assay | D-dimer assay | Euglobin lysis test | Coombs test | 1b | multi | Ans. b (D-dimer assay) (Ref. H - 18th/ch. 116)The quantitative plasma D-dimer ELISA level is elevated (>500 ng/mL) in more than 90% of patients with Pulmonary Embolism, reflecting plasmin's breakdown of fibrin and indicating endogenous (though clinically ineffective) thrombolysis. However, the D-dimer assay is not spec... | Pathology | Blood |
3d75f567-4db4-4723-9067-9d2a559e0b60 | A 25 Yr old lady presents with spontaneous nipple discharge of 3 months duration. On examination the discharge is bloody and from a single duct. The following statements about management of this patient are true except | Ultrasound can be useful investigation | Radical duct excision is the operation of choice | Galactogram, though useful is not essential | Majority of blood stained nipple discharges are due to papilloma or other benign condition | 1b | multi | Treatment Treatment must firstly be to exclude a carcinoma by occult blood test and cytology. Simple reassurance may then be sufficient but, if the discharge is proving intolerable, an operation to remove the affected duct or ducts can be performed (micro-dochectomy). Ref: Bailey and love 27th edition Pg no : 865 | Anatomy | Endocrinology and breast |
abc75a82-b8c9-4332-9572-fdafafe878c1 | A 32 years old lactating mother presented with a painful, palpable lump in her left breast. The most appropriate investigation to diagnose her condition would be: | Mammography | USG | MRI | SPECT | 1b | single | Ans is 'b' i.e. USG The presentation of a lactating female with painful palpable breast lump is highly suggestive of breast abscess. Ultrasound would be the most useful investigation to diagnose the condition and in delineating the required extent of the drainage procedure. Mammography would be non specific for breast ... | Surgery | null |
0aa07c00-a01c-40af-9399-b9e42a9c021e | Deformity most commonly seen in primary osteoahritis of knee joint | Genu valgum | Genu recurratum | Genu varus | Procurvatum | 2c | single | In knee joint osteoahritis, medial joint space is affected earliest and causes assymetrical joint space narrowing This results in varus deformity Refer: maheswari 9th/e p 420 | Anatomy | Joint disorders |
0e19d9b4-ac0b-44c9-9acd-afb721370abc | The level of alpha fetoprotein is raised in all of the following except. | Cirrohosis of liver. | Hepatocellur carcinoma | Yolk sac tumor | Dysgerminoma | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e. Dysgerminoma Elevation of a feto protein is not seen in dysgerminoma. It may sometimes show elevation of bHCG.Raised a fetoprotein is seen in:Neoplastic conditions:Liver cancerGerm cell tumours of testis (non seminomatous)Yolk sac tumours*Embryonal carcinoma*Non neoplastic conditions:Cirrhosis*Pregnanc... | Medicine | Liver |
a7e3e660-4cf5-4534-b65e-c200f61e629f | Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase are found in: | Norovirus | Hantavirus | Influenza virus | Rubella virus | 2c | single | Ans. C. Influenza virusHemagglutinin is for attachment to sialic acid/mucin receptors and neuraminidase/mucinase is for release/elution. | Microbiology | Virology |
4386592b-58f8-48f6-b34a-384a2d30054d | A 3-year-old boy is admitted to the hospital with signs of acute renal failure. Radiologic studies reveal that the boy has bilateral masses involving both kidneys. Examination of biopsy material confirms the diagnosis of Wilms tumor. Which of the following gene mutations is the most common in Wilms tumor? | The gene responsible for WT1 | The gene responsible for HGF | The gene responsible for VEGF | The gene responsible for GDNF | 0a | multi | Wilms tumor is a kidney malignancy that usually occurs in children. It has recently been shown that it can be caused by mutations in the WT1 gene, behaving according to Knudson's two-hit model for tumor suppressor genes. | Anatomy | Abdomen & Pelvis |
0c980801-0650-4cb1-8a35-d57cbee02376 | Glyconeogenesis is | Synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate sources | Synthesis of glycogen from glucose | Synthesis of glucose from glycerol | Synthesis of glycogen from non-carbohydrate sources | 3d | single | Glyconeogenesis Synthesis of glycogen from non-carbohydrate precursors This pathway is the same as gluconeogenesis, but the last step is different i.e. In glyconeogenesis, glucose-6-Phosphate directly enters glycogen synthesis. So glucose-6-phosphatase step is not required. Glycogenesis -Synthesis of glycogen from gluc... | Biochemistry | Glycogen |
3495fa94-06e0-4c85-91c6-a383611a4e1e | ECT is contraindicated in | Pregnancy | Seizure disorder | Mania | Raised Intracranial pressure | 3d | single | Raised intracranial pressure is the only absolute contraindication for ECT | Anatomy | All India exam |
00b83087-9e98-45e8-9bae-4f7b4e5b1bfb | Which of the following is used for treatment of myopia: | Nd: YAG laser | Excimer laser | Argon laser | Holmium laser | 1b | single | Ans. Excimer laser | Ophthalmology | null |
a1bce384-bbf4-4ed9-9d11-87fe042b99ed | Which of the following is the preformed toxin involved in mechanism of allergic rhinitis ? | Histamine | Leukotriene | TXA2 | PGD2 | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Histamine | Pathology | null |
38f552e6-10d6-4ddb-99c6-95c9e4fb91d6 | Term gestation patient with critical aortic stenosis presents to the labor, and her cervix is 6cm dilated. Your approach in treatment of patient includes all except | Provide opiod epidural analgesia. | Limit activity. | Do pulmonary artery catheterization. | Restrict i.v fluids to decrease cardiac preload. | 3d | multi | Pregnant woman with critical aortic stenosis needs intensive monitoring during labor. So pulmonary artery catheterization is helpful.
Maintaining intravascular volume and cardiac output is important to decrease chances of hypotension and hemorrhage. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
eb6ab973-bed5-4977-acd7-8bf94f9e4571 | Kiel bone is:
Xenograft
Allograft
Treated by detergent, sterilized and freeze dried.
Ox or calf bone denatured with 20% H2O2, acetone and sterilized. | 1&3 | 2&3 | 1&4 | 2&4 | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
38dc9281-526f-44bc-b66f-4a05932b119c | A screening test has 90% sensitivity and 90% specificity. Diseased population is 10% What is PPV ? | PPV 80% | PPV 85% | PPV 90% | PPV 95% | 2c | single | Sensitivity = 90%
Specificity = 90%
Prevalence = 10%
(i) Formula for PPV according to Bayes Theorem, | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
81f56b93-bfb6-41c8-8a1a-b7fa784375ae | Which stage of syphilis is most contagious ? | Primary | Secondary | Early latent | Later latent | 1b | single | null | Dental | null |
ced38f0d-2b14-4400-ae1c-9fbdf80d5b85 | Di collar is seen in: | Fire arm entry wound | Fire arm exit wound | Both of the above | None of the above | 0a | multi | Fire arm entry wound | Forensic Medicine | null |
f7369091-1cf3-4e1b-bac5-05f3532d8351 | Which of the following have been implicated in the pathogenesis of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome? | VEGF | hCG | EGF | FGF | 0a | single | Ovarian Hyperstimulation SyndromeOHSS is a medical complication that is both completely iatrogenic and unique to stimulatory infeility treatment.Its symptoms are the result of ovarian enlargement and fragility, extravascular fluid accumulation, and intravascular volume depletion.Proposed mechanisms for the characterist... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Infertility |
ea7c8a9f-ebbf-48d4-9753-a62e681126c3 | 'Arrest of labour' is defined as Failure of the head of the fetus to descend within___________. | 1 hour | 2 hours | 3 hours | 4 hours | 1b | single | Ans- B Note- 'Arrest of labor' is defined as Failure of the head of the fetus to descend for 3hours among primiparas and 2 hours among multiparas without an epidural analgesia +1 hour each if epidural analgesia is administered. | Unknown | null |
e0ea42c1-c560-4609-a24a-99b5c45ef80e | Which of the following is true about viral antibodies? | Appear before interferon | Formed against viral nuclear acid | Formed against viral surface proteins | Maximum levels are seen writhin one week | 2c | multi | Ans. c. Formed against viral surface proteins (Ref: Harrison 19/e 214e-8, 18/e p1439)Viral antibodies are formed later than interferon and significant levels are seen after one week and are directed against the viral surface proteins.'Resistance to viral infections is initially provided by factors that are not virus-sp... | Microbiology | Properties of Virus |
2bb622fc-4279-4c98-8ef1-32954e4841b9 | Saliva dribbling from mouth is characteristic of: | Postmoem hanging | Antemoem hanging | Suicidal hanging | Homicidal strangulation | 1b | single | B i.e. Antemoal hanging Ligature mark is a type of pressure/ pressure/ imprinted/ contact/ patterned - abrasionQ. In cheese cutter method, a narrow wire is used. The cause of death in judicial hanging is fracture - dislocation usually at C2 - C3 or C3 - C4 veebraeQ. Dribbling of saliva is a sure sign of hanging having ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
af420191-6092-4efa-b1f6-140054612ccd | The best mental attitude for denture acceptance: | Exacting | Philosophical | Hysterical | All of the Above | 1b | multi | Mental attitude
Dr. M.M. House (1950) classified patients as philosophical, exacting, indifferent and hysterical. This is the most widely used classification.
Class I: Philososphical patients
They are rational and composed in difficult situations.
They desire treatment for maintenance of health and appearance and acce... | Dental | null |
7dc288d3-8749-4ff4-aadd-f51fd979a186 | A 43 year-old executive presents to a physician with chronic symmetric polyarthritis involving the knees. The man gives a history of having developed an extensive rash after a deer-hunting trip several years earlier. He recalls that he felt 'sick' at that time and developed knee pain that prevented him from climbing st... | Fungus | GN cocci | GP cocci | Spirochete | 3d | multi | A ns. D. SpirocheteLyme's disease: Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi, a spirochete.a. Transmitted by bite of Ixodid ticksb. Natural reservoir: Deer, rodents & other animalsc. IP: 3-30 daysd. 3 stages, stage of local infection, stage of disseminated infection & stage of persistent infection in the form of oligoarthritis, e... | Microbiology | Virology |
47a3c3b1-1db4-40e8-a7bf-cd202f9a2d00 | Codman's triangle is feature of? | Osteosarcoma | Osteochondroma | Osteoid osteoma | Chondrosarcoma | 0a | single | Ans. A. Osteosarcoma. (Ref. Pathology Robbings 8th/Table 21-2).a large, destructive, mixed lytic and blastic mass with indistinct infiltrating margins. The tumor frequently breaks through the cortex and lifts the periosteum, resulting in reactive periosteal bone formation ("Sun-burst" or 'Sunray' periosteal reaction). ... | Radiology | Skeletal System |
008c09d6-d56b-49df-82e6-ae9f70b1ddf4 | Drug used to perform stress ECHO - | Thallium | Dobutamine | Adrenaline | Adenosine | 1b | multi | Stress echo has the same technique used to acces the hea function at rest with a stressor as exercise or dobutamine infusion. It can cause emergence of regions of akinesis or dyskinesis not present at rest.IT Is primarily indicated to confirm the suspicion of ischaemic hea disease and to estmate its severity. Response ... | Radiology | Cardiovascular system |
e3cc10fc-7c3b-4289-a5a6-d2b1dbabcc37 | Thiopentone is C/I in – | Acute intermittent porphyria | Bronchial asthma | Both | None | 0a | multi | Thiopentone is contraindicated in acute intermittent porphyria.
It is contraindicated in status asthmaticus but not in simple asthma. | Anaesthesia | null |
3a1aa5b6-24ab-4737-b6c1-409d8c5ed12c | Koebner's phenomenon is seen in all EXCEPT: | Psoriasis | Pemphigoid | Warts | Lichen planus | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Pemphigoida. Koebner's phenomenon is seen in:i. Psoriasisii. Wartsiii. Lichen planusb. Koebner's phenomenon is also called isomorphic response. | Skin | Papulosquamous Disorders |
1e25b69e-6425-4e0c-a5c5-574677947aba | During surgical exploration for hydatid cyst of the liver, any of the following agents can be used as a scolicidal agent except | Hypeonic sodium chloride | Formalin | Cetrimide | Povidone iodine | 1b | multi | . | Anatomy | G.I.T |
d615b39d-33b0-4cdb-94f8-174290db1440 | Which of the following is used as an indicator for plasma sterilization? | Bacillus subtilis | Bacillus stearothermophilus | Bacillus pumilus | Clostridium tetani | 1b | single | For determining the efficacy of moist heat sterilization, spores of Bacillus stearothermophilus are used as the test organism. This is a thermophilic organism with an optimum growth temperature of 55-60oC and its spores require an exposure of 12 minutes at 121oC to be killed. Ref: Textbook of Microbiology by Ananthanar... | Microbiology | null |
57d44360-c7be-410b-a8df-3d4eb4c55029 | Sadism is? | Painful sex | Having intercourse with an animal | Anal intercourse | Sexual intercourse with dead bodies | 0a | single | Ans is 'a' i.e. Painful sexSadism:o Sexual gratification is obtained or increased from acts ofphysical cruelty or infliction ofpain on one's partner.o It is seen more commonly in men. To obtain sexual gratification, the sadist may bite, beat, whip, produce cuts on the victim, etc.Other options:o Having intercourse with... | Forensic Medicine | Sexual Offenses and Dowry Death |
43d3d05e-f694-4e9f-bf3f-44c2b60ad818 | The preferred treatment option for primary syphilis is - | Injection benzathine pencillin 2.4 million units IM single dose | Injection benzathine pencillin 2.4 million units IM once a week for 3 weeks | Cap. doxycycline 100 mg orally twice a day for 2 weeks | Tab. azithromycin 2 gm single dose | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e.,Injection benzathine pencillin 2.4 million units IM single dose | Pharmacology | null |
7f26e00a-69d0-4596-bc9f-daeffbf9f460 | The only excitatory neuron in the cerebellar coex is | Purkinje cell | Basket cell | Golgi cell | Granular cell | 3d | single | Granular cells are the only excitatory cells of cerebral coex, use glutamate as neurotransmitter, their axons from parallel fibres Ref: Ganong 25th ed/page 248 | Physiology | Nervous system |
e6421b6d-b1da-4394-8eec-7d4d78913287 | What is the 02 content of saturated aerial blood? | 11.2 ml/100 ml | 14.5 ml/100 ml | 19.4 ml/100 ml | 21.3 ml/100 ml | 2c | single | One gram of hemoglobin can bind with a maximum of 1.34ml of oxygen. Thus 100ml of blood with hemoglobin level of 15 gm% can carry 1.34 x 15 = 20.1ml of oxygen. However due to the presence of various physiological shunts only 95% of Haemoglobin is available for carrying oxygen. Therefore practically 100 ml of aerial blo... | Physiology | null |
07976c1a-fad5-4c60-b462-25fa98b76f40 | Medial wall of Orbit is formed by all except | Lesser wing of Sphenoid | Frontal process of Maxilla | Lacrimal bone | Orbital plate of Ethmoid | 0a | multi | Medial wall of the Orbit is formed by:From before backwards1. Frontal process of maxilla2. Lacrimal bone3. Orbital plate of ethmoid4. Body of sphenoidReference: Chourasia; 6th edition; 29th page | Anatomy | General anatomy |
a5c22aca-7200-446e-bc0c-9d5b4e1668ca | Intermediate filaments (IFs) help link adjacent sarcomeres together in skeletal muscle. Which of the following proteins is an intermediate protein used diagnostically in pathologic cases to indicate muscle origin? | Actin | Desmin | Actinin | Clathrin | 1b | multi | Desmin is the intermediate filament (IF) protein that polymerizes to form the desniin IF of skeletal muscle. It is found in smooth, skeletal, and cardiac muscle. The desmin IF links desmosomes of cardiac muscle, thus serving to stabilize cell junctions. Actin is the protein of microfilaments-the smallest diameter filam... | Physiology | null |
79ab08ce-8724-4c58-91cf-10c81fc8487c | What is the marker for endodermal sinus tumor? | CA-125 | HCG | AFP | Inhibin | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., AFP * Endodermal sinus tumor (yolk sac tumor) is positive for AFP and a 1-antitrypsin. * The effects of biological changes caused by radiation can be categorized into 1) Stochastic effects # A stochastic effect is one where the probability of the effect occurring is governed by the law of chance. Thus... | Unknown | null |
a028c8c6-dd6d-4619-bdf5-fce9c262dcfb | All of the following are clinical features of Cushing's syndrome EXCEPT:March 2004 | Insulin resistance | Menorrhagia | Violaceous striae | Centripetal obesity | 1b | multi | Ans. B i.e. MenorrhagiaMenstrual irregularities may be seen in 80% of patients of Cushing syndrome | Pathology | null |
f146b765-6515-40fd-bbab-07552acccedb | Crown formation of all permenent teeth except third molars is completed between | Birth to 8 years | Birth to 12 years | Birth to 6 years | 6 years to 12 years | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
57e641cc-e65a-42ec-a35b-6d56849a113e | Paton's lines are peripapillary folds which result due to | Optic neuritis | Papilledema | Anterior ischemic optic neuropathy | CRAO | 1b | single | Papilledema leads to CIRCUMFERENTIAL PERIPAPILLARY RETINAL FOLDS known as Paton's Lines. | Ophthalmology | Neuro Ophthalmology |
f9107c82-a050-4bc0-9b43-46ebe08433b2 | True about secondary immune response is - | Long latent period | Usually of low titire | Antibodies appear in sho time | Persist for long | 2c | multi | if an individual who is actively immunized against an antigen experiences the same antigen subsequently, the immune response occurs more quickly and abundantly than during the first encounter. This is known as a secondary response. Reference : Anathanarayan & paniker's 9th edition, pg no:81,82 <\p> | Microbiology | Immunology |
27dae80c-765d-4dcc-9875-7c05b4325a24 | All are features of Alagille syndrome, EXCEPT: | Posterior embryotoxon | Hepatocellular jaundice | Peripheral pulmonary stenosis | Butterfly veebrae | 1b | multi | Syndromic paucity of interlobular bile ducts (Alagille syndrome) is the most common form of familial intrahepatic cholestasis. Chronic cholestasis affects 95% of patients. Peripheral pulmonic stenosis is observed in approximately 90%. Veebral arch defects are seen (e.g., butterfly veebrae, hemiveebrae, and a decrease i... | Medicine | null |
604d35ec-4818-4b71-8e0c-15f88b38c381 | Idiosyncracy is known as to have | Genetic component | Psychological component | Physiological component | Nutritional component | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
d088fe82-2907-483b-8881-4f69655e184d | All are true about Menetrier disease except: | Excessive protein loss | Decreased mucus production | Acquired, premalignant condition | H. pylori is a predisposing factor in adults | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) Decreased mucus productionRef: Sabiston 19th Edition, Page 1222* Acquired premalignant disease showing brain like cerebriform mucosa on gross examination.* Pathological examination shows: Foveolar hyperplasia and absent parietal cell* Massive gastric folds appearing like brain is most common in fundus and body... | Surgery | Stomach & Duodenum |
a04e727b-e6ed-41a0-8b76-e6f70991b1cb | Hydrogenation of fatty acid is ? | Hydrolysis by Alkali | Auto-oxidation of PUFA | Addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acid | Addition of hydrogen to saturated fatty acid | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Addition of hydrogen to unsaturated fatty acidAddition of hydrogen atoms to unsaturated fatty acid refers to hydrogenation. It reduces the number of double bonds in the unsaturated fats.Hydrogenation of unsaturated fats in the presence of a catalyst (nickle) in known as "hardening", because it conves ... | Biochemistry | null |
b0fe275f-05be-4797-b5e8-8338bd0a33e2 | Hormonal stimulation of the formation of second messenger inositol 1, 4, 5-triphosphate (IP3) quickly leads to the release of which other intracellular messenger? | Cyclic AMP | Prastaglandin | Calcium | Leukotriene | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Calcium o 1P3 mobilizes Ca'from intracellular organelles and increases cytosolic Ca' and then Ca" acts as third messenger. | Pharmacology | null |
3c180835-06cc-416a-9cae-ae862bbfb93e | Plasma retinol value which is considered as marginal in children is | 0.25 to 0.35 mmol/L | 0.35 to 0.7 mmol/L | 0.7 to 1.05 mmol/L | 1.05 to 1.45 mmol/L | 2c | single | The plasma retinol value of 0.7 to 1.05 mmol/L is considered to be marginal. Values more than 1.05 mmol/L are considered to be adequate for children. Values between 0.35 to 0.7 mmol/L are considered to be deficient. If the value is less than 0.35 mmol/L, it is considered to be very deficient. Reference: GHAI Essential ... | Pediatrics | All India exam |
81bfcf25-7a7f-4df8-8d53-f950a2c6d622 | Following features may be seen in cold injury of neonates except - | Bradycardia | Uncontrolled shivering | Scleroma | Metabolic acidosis | 1b | multi | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Uncontrolled Shivering "Neonates Respond by Non-shivering thrmogenesis". | Pediatrics | null |
795df6f3-4075-4fa3-9cfa-49a84d31b32a | WHICH STATEMENT IS TRUE ABOUT CAFFEY&;S DISEASE IS ? | Renal osteodystrophy | Infantile coical hyperostosis | Osteomyelitis of jaw in children | Chronic osteomyelitis in children | 1b | multi | CAFEYS DISEASE : Infantile Coical Hyperostosis is a rare disease of infants and children. Usually stas during the first few months of life with painful swelling over the tubular bones and mandible Child may be feverish and irritable,refusing to move the affected limb X-rays characterically show periosteal new-bone form... | Orthopaedics | Pediatric orthopedics |
48549fab-972c-4db4-b64e-c5aa4fbed6f0 | All the following are true regarding blood supply to the kidney, except: | Stellate veins drain superficial zone | It is a type of portal-circulation | The renal artery divides into five segmental arteries before entering the hilum | Its segmental arteries are end-arteries | 1b | multi | Ans. (b) It is a type of portal-circulationRef: Snell's 7th Edition, Page 283Renal artery/ Venous system:* Right renal artery longer than left* Renal artery divides into 5 near hilum.* They are end arteries.* Left renal vein longer than Right* Stellate veins drain superficial zone of kidney cortex.* Left kidney is pref... | Surgery | Kidney & Ureturs |
4e567c0b-80a2-40aa-b6f0-b52c69489137 | Fogay's catheter is used for | Drainage of urinary bladder | Parenteral hyperalimentation | Removal of embolus from blood vessels | Ureteric catheterization | 2c | single | Fogay catheter is like a ureteric catheter, with a balloon tip and is introduced until it is deemed to have passed the limit of the thrombus.The balloon is inflated and the catheter is withdrawn slowly with the clot.Ref: Bailey and love 27e pg- 955 | Microbiology | All India exam |
77a1afb2-1cf6-4f2f-a792-63d7a50a048b | Maternal to child transmission of HIV is prevented by | Nevirapine | Lamivudine | Didanosine | Abacavir | 0a | single | HIV infected mother can transmit the virus to fetus''infant during pregnancy, during delivery or by breastfeeding,
Early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy to mother and infant significantly decrease the rate of intrapartum and perinatal transmission (Vertical transmission) of HIV infection.
Zidovudine treatment of H... | Microbiology | null |
a2676954-d988-499a-a371-c6a4436619b9 | Superficial corneal vascularization is caused by- | Contact lens | Graft rejection | Chemical burn | Interstitial keratitis | 3d | single | The clinical picture of interstitial keratitis can bedivided into three stages: initial progressive stage,florid stage and stage of regression. Florid stage. In this stage eye remains acutelyinflamed. Deep vascularization of cornea, consistingof radial bundle of brush-like vessels develops. Sincethese vessels are cover... | Ophthalmology | Cornea and sclera |
90217d6c-5db9-43d4-a67f-b7d51c7f9624 | Annexin V is a marker of - | Apoptosis | Necrosis | Aherosclerosis | Inflammation | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Apoptosis | Pathology | null |
a393fe4e-c5f1-412b-ba3a-e48c73b514a9 | All have antioxidant propey except | Catalase | Glutathione peroxidase | Phosphorylase | Superoxide dismutase | 2c | multi | Although numerous biologically active molecules exist as glycosides in nature, information on the activity, stability, and solubility of glycosylated antioxidants is rather limited to date. In this work, a wide variety of antioxidants were glycosylated using different phosphorylase enzymes. The resulting antioxidant li... | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
68913450-6c8e-4c1a-9245-1b8a1d73028c | Gyromagnetic propey of proton is seen in - | MRI | CT | PET scan | USG | 0a | single | MRI is based on gyromagnetic propey on protons. Defined as the ability of protons in the body to absorb and emit radio waves, when the body is placed in strong magnetic field. | Radiology | Fundamentals in Radiology |
66443497-2911-4b3a-ab8a-525c3fd56a5a | Which of the following factors determines whether a patient develops acromegaly or gigantism? | Sex | Age at onset of the tumor | Amount of available calcium | Degree of function of the tumor | 1b | single | null | Medicine | null |
1b4a5d33-ee54-445f-8d23-9253ab3e2a5b | True about adenocarcinoma of lung -a) More common in femaleb) Smoking is not associated withc) Central cavitationsd) Upper lobe involvement is most commone) Peripheral involvement | abc | bcd | abe | acd | 2c | multi | Adenocarcinoma of lung
Adenocarcinoma is the most common lung cancer, overall.
Also the most common type of lung cancer in women and nonsmokers.
This is a malignant epithelial tumor with glandular differentiation or mucin production by tumor cells.
Growth pattern may be any of the following
Acinar
Bronchioalve... | Pathology | null |
137b098b-cea8-455b-8637-0f13d8a441cd | In case of PSGN complication commonly seen are all except : | LVF | Hypertensive encephalopathy | Hyperkalemia | Bleeding diathesis | 3d | multi | PSGN complications are –
Acute renal failure
Chronic glomerulonephritis
Chronic renal disease
Congestive heart failure or pulmonary edema
End-stage renal disease
Hyperkalemia
High blood pressure (hypertension)
Nephritic syndrome | Unknown | null |
fa3a587a-9b64-4d33-87e2-e62cbe6aa201 | Which of the following is a T-cell marker? | CD45 | CD8 | IL3 | CD19 | 1b | single | Important cells with their CD marker are:- | Pathology | null |
ff753052-a770-4c67-a738-e8cc43977b09 | Site of bleeding after cataract surgery is: | Anterior choroidal vessels | Posterior choroidal vessels | Anterior ciliary vessels | Posterior ciliary vessels | 3d | single | Posterior ciliary vessels REF: Phacoemulsification in difficult and challenging cases by Luis W. Lu, I. Howard Fine- Page 173 Expulsive choroidal haemorrhage is a rare and dreadful complication of cataract surgery that usually results in either loss of vision or loss of the eye. It is most frequently associated with ca... | Ophthalmology | null |
ff744e21-61fd-47d3-8f7d-aaba0eefa047 | Fulminant Hepatitis E is typically seen in: | Pregnant women | Infants | Adolescents | Malnourished males | 0a | multi | Answer is A (Pregnant women): Fuhninant Hepatitis E is typically seen in pregnant women especially in the last trimester. 'A unique feature of Hepatitis E virus is the clinical severity and high case fatality rate (20-40%) in pregnant women, especially in the last trimester ofpregnancy'. - Park 'Hepatitis E can lead to... | Medicine | null |
785b9faa-8a13-47a8-b7c7-d6c3e14699a4 | IPC for dowry death is? | 304 A | 304 B | 375 | 376 | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., 304 Bo 304-BIPC: Dowry death : 10 years of imprisonment which can extend to life.o 498-A IPC: Punishment for cruelty by husband or his relatives.Dowry deatho In some cases newly married girls are abused, harassed, cruelly treated and tortured by the husband, in-laws and their relatives for or in conne... | Forensic Medicine | Law & Medicine, Identification, Autopsy & Burn |
8f68a3e7-d0e6-4b46-8927-5c5f0134ac81 | Bronchopneumonia complication in measles is due to - | Aspiration | Sinusitis | Bronchiolar obsturction | Immuno-modualtion | 3d | single | null | Medicine | null |
b28e3bf5-b6de-419b-a998-71601bcfdebb | All are true about N2O except | Colour of cylinder is blue | Priestly was the first to prepare it | Stored in cylinder as gas | It is prepared by heating ammonium nitrate | 2c | multi | Stored in cylinder as gas It is stored as a liquid in the cylinder. | Physiology | All India exam |
06826076-19fc-4b33-b2a6-8cb384364fe3 | A 48-years-old female suffering from severe menorrhagia (DUB) underwent hysterectomy. She wishes to take hormone replacement therapy. Physical examination and breast are normal but X-ray shows osteoporosis. The treatment of choice is: | Progesterone | Estrogen and progesterone | Estrogen | None | 2c | multi | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
c3ea38df-cfc7-4263-853f-368070ec02d8 | Centromere near the end of chromosome | Acrocentric | Metacentric | Submetacentric | Telocentric | 0a | single | Acrocentric REF: Precid & Strachan Molecular genetics, page 49, 153, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ CentromereCentromere positionsEach chromosome has two arms, labeled p (the shoer of the two) and q (the longer). The p arm is named for "petit" meaning `small'; the q arm is named q simply because it follows p in the alph... | Anatomy | null |
1f5d87f2-269c-4ee0-96fb-012637dd29b7 | During bilateral adrenalectomy, intra-operative dose of hydrocoisone should be given after | Opening the abdomen | Ligation of left adrenal vein | Ligation of right adrenal vein | Excision of both adrenal glands | 3d | multi | Steroids are not given pre-operatively because these patients are already hypercoisolemic. Instead hydrocoisone 100 mg IV is given after the removal of second hyperplastic adrenal gland | Physiology | All India exam |
072dc2dc-45f8-4731-8cf6-f3b3f1e9d6a1 | Karyotype of a patient shows the following, what is the clinical abnormality that is expected? | Gynecomastia with long thin limbs | Short stature with polydactyly | Webbed neck with widely spaced nipples | Rocker bottom feet | 0a | single | a. Gynecomastia with long thin limbs(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 618, Ghai 8/e p 640)Given Karyotype is 47 XXY - Kilnefelters syndrome with Gynecomastia with long thin limbs as expected findings. | Pediatrics | Genetics And Genetic Disorders |
5e0c27d1-b59b-4607-9044-172944b00761 | Below is the chest Xray of a young male with cough. There is no known cardiac abnormality. With of the following is most likely to be true about the patient? | Raised ACE levels likely | Patient is likely to be immunocompromised | Cold agglutinins will be positive | Occupational history of patient will give an important clue to the diagnosis | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Patient is likely to be immunocompromised* Its typical bilateral perihilar consolidation and Reticulo nodular interstitial involvement, typical of PCP.* Mycoplasma infection not likely as mycoplasma radiographically produces fluffy opacities and those infiltrations of mycoplasma are not Perihilar. It is not lik... | Radiology | Miscellaneous |
5071f8de-11b9-459e-9733-865277a044c4 | Factors which reduce breast milk production are all of the following EXCEPT? | Sound of baby | Use of pacifiers | Formula feeding | Lack of night feeding | 0a | multi | Factors which | breast milk production: the thought, sight or sound of baby Factors which | breast milk production: Use of dummies, pacifiers Feeding bottles, formula feeding Sore or cracked nipples Lack of night feeding & inadequate emptying of breast. | Pediatrics | Breast Milk & Breast Feeding |
3b67b5e8-e893-4155-92be-fe1474282b61 | Elevated AFP levels are seen in all of the following except- | Hepatoblastoma | Seminoma | Teratoma | None of the above | 3d | multi | TEXT BOOK OF PATHOLOGY HARSHMOHAN 6THEDITION PG NO 637,711,709 Two tumour markers widely used in the diagnosis, staging and monitoring the follow-up of patients with testicular tumours are: human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and alpha-foetoprotein (AFP). In addition, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), human placental lact... | Pathology | General pathology |
b3eb4793-0e4c-4f53-be0a-94d183ce40cd | Lysogenic conversion is | Integration of host bacterial nucleic acid to phage | Integration of phage nucleic acid to host bacteria genome | Bacterial mechanism to cause antigenic shift | Bacterial method to acquire resistance | 1b | single | Ref: PubMed* Lysogenic conversion is characterized by integration of the bacteriophage nucleic acid into the host bacterium's genome.* Once the genetic material of phage bacteria is introduced, the host bacterium continues to live and reproduce normally.* The genetic material of the bacteriophage, called a prophage, ca... | Microbiology | General |
8a0ad558-2313-44b3-9f73-448b274445c8 | Position of fetus definition | Vertex presentation before delivery | Breech presentation before delivery | Orientation of foetus in relation to pelvis before delivery | Orientation of womb in relation to pelvis before delivery | 2c | single | (C) Oreientation of foetus in relation to pelvis before delivary# In obstetrics, position is the orientation of the fetus in the womb, identified by the location of the presenting part of the fetus relative to the pelvis of the mother. It is the position assumed by the fetus before the process of birth. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Obs) |
3ca4ce0e-e640-448e-ad14-720cf3c9fff0 | THUMB PRINT APPEARANCE in culture film smear is seen in | bacillus anthrax | brucella | Bordetella | clostridium welchii | 2c | single | null | Microbiology | null |
e2be079e-ed76-4450-b15a-3a9506baeae4 | Variceal bleeding is best treated with | Vasopressin | Nitroglycerine | Octreotide | Desmopressin | 2c | single | Bleeding esophageal varices Octreotide is often given as an infusion for management of acute hemorrhage from esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis on the basis that it reduces poal venous pressure, though current evidence suggests that this effect is transient and does not improve survival Ref Davidson edition23rd pg 7... | Medicine | G.I.T |
cd65d4a2-cab8-4714-b938-9647dabb27cd | Rate of activation with slow expansion is | 1 mm per day | 1 mm for 3 days | 1 mm for a month | 1 mm per week | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
6f174bb3-190d-46d6-a690-7c398d654237 | A 3-year-old boy presented to the pediatrics ER with significant dehydration along with irritability, weakness and severe lethargy. His mother says he suffered from bloody diarrhea along with fever and abdominal pain 8 days ago. Lab findings, Anemia Deranged RFTs Thrombocytopenia Severe hyponatremia Leukocytosis. PT an... | Omalizumab | Eculizumab | Caplacizumab | Mepolizumab | 1b | multi | This is a case of typical HUS. If history of diarrhoea would had been absent, the diagnosis would had been atypical HU for which FDA has approved eculizumab. Peripheral blood smear shows the presence of burr cells and schistocytes - suggestive of microangiopathic hemolytic anemia. Eculizumab Anti-C5 antibody Inhibits c... | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
93b8f356-4231-41b3-abd3-e65bd931be3c | Which of the following opioid should not be used with MAO inhibitors? | Morphine | Pentazocine | Buprenorphine | Pethidine | 3d | single | Ref: KD Tripathi 6/e p440 Most of Pethidine is metabolized by MAO-A and is inactivated. Small amount is conveed to nor-Pethidine, which has CNS stimulant propeies. Therefore if combined with MAO inhibitors, most of Pethidine will form nor-Pethidine and the risk of seizures will increase. | Pharmacology | Central Nervous system |
0ce5c47a-9f8e-43b3-b06a-6546613307f5 | A premature infant, when born, had low Apgar scores and was having difficulty breathing. The NICU physician injected a small amount of a lipid mixture into the child's lungs, which greatly reduced the respiratory distress the child was experiencing. In addition to proteins, a key component of the mixture was which one ... | Sphingomyelin | A mixture of gangliosides | Triacylglycerol | Phosphatidylcholine | 3d | multi | The premature infant is experiencing respiratory distress syndrome, which is caused by a deficiency of lung surfactant. The lung cells do not begin to produce surfactant until near birth, and premature infants frequently are not producing sufficient surfactant to allow the lungs to expand and contract as needed. The su... | Biochemistry | Lipids |
7022dc33-53a8-48de-8ba5-75bb9b6c44f6 | Apatient who is at risk of estrogen dependent carcinoma and hence estrogen is contraindicated. So in order to prevent vasomotor symptoms, which drug is given? | Tamoxifen | Conjugated estrogen | Clonidine | Yombinine | 2c | single | Clonidine REF: Novak's gynecology 13th edition page 455 In women for whom hormone replacement is contraindicated, multiple alternative treatments for hot flashes have been developed. Somewhat effective alternatives may be progestins such as medroxyprogesterone (10 to 30 mg daily orally) or megestrol acetate (20 to 40 m... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
93c43c4c-29c8-470d-9981-0e3a9ebc445e | In a patient with unerupted and impacted maxillary
canine, the following radiographic techniques will be ideal for localization: | IOPA and PNS view | Maxillary anterior occlusal view and IOPA | Bitewing and occlusal view | IOPA and occlusal view | 1b | single | Typically, the occlusal radiograph is especially useful in the following cases:
To locate precisely roots and supernumerary, unerupted, and impacted teeth (this technique is especially useful for impacted canines and third molars).
To localize foreign bodies in the jaws and stones in the ducts of sublingual and sub... | Radiology | null |
807c4301-8817-413b-9df2-6d3fcda56f1a | Which of the following does not exert an analgesic effect? | Cholinergic antagonists | Adrenergic antagonists | Morphine | Substance P antagonists | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
6009d4c6-2f58-4cc2-940e-9168dfd9b596 | Which one of the following statements best describes the mechanism of action of insulin on target cells? | Insulin binds to cytoplasmic receptor molecule and is transferred as a hormone receptor complex to the nucleus where it acts to modulate gene expression. | Insulin binds to a receptor molecule on the outer surface of the plasma membrane and the hormone receptor complex activates adenylate cyclase through the Gs protein. | Insulin binds to a transmembrane receptor at the outer surface of the plasma membrane, which activates the tyrosine kinase that is the cytosolic domain of the receptor. | Insulin enters the cell and causes the release of calcium ions from intracellular stores. | 2c | multi | Ans. (C) Insulin binds to a transmembrane receptor at the outer surface of the plasma membrane, which activates the tyrosine kinase that is the cytosolic domain of the receptor.(KDT 8th/e p58)Enzymatic Receptors have two sites, the drug binds on the extracellular site and the intracellular site has enzymatic activity (... | Pharmacology | General Pharmacology |
c477b0eb-9cd8-4305-91f2-cfd69611d2d9 | Which of the following is not associated with the disorder characterized by the peripheral blood smear? | Hand-foot syndrome | Acute chest syndrome | Predisposition to malaria | Predisposition to Salmonella osteomyelitis | 2c | single | Sickle cell anemia is the most common familial hemolytic anemia. In parts of Africa, where malaria is endemic, the gene frequency approaches 30% as a result of a protective effect against Plasmodium falciparum malaria.
Much more serious are vaso-occlusive crises, which are characteristically associated with pain and of... | Pathology | null |
6b751507-2fff-49db-975f-a63662843c9f | The following condition is not associated with an Anti-phopholipid syndrome : | Venous thrombosis | Recurrent foetal loss | Thrombocytosis | Neurological manifestations | 2c | single | Answer is C (Thrombocytosis): A ntiphospholipid silirdrome is associated with thrombocopenia and not thrombocytosis. Common obstetric complications associated with antiphospholipid syndrome are: Recurrent fetal lossQ IUGRQ Pregnancy associated hypeensionQ Placental abruptionQ Recurrent thrombotic eventsQ Thrombocytopen... | Medicine | null |
95f71a4c-2e8c-4c57-b7d7-c35628fa2b19 | Agranular cytoplasmic reticulum is involved in the synthesis of | Protein | Lipid | Vitamin | Carbohydrate | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e. lipid [Ref: Guyton 11/e, p 20, 21; Chatterjee Shinde 6/e, p 6, 71There are two kinds of endoplasmic reticulum :Rough or granular ER or ergastoplasmThey are coated with ribosomesFunction of rough ERprotein synthesisSmooth or agranular ERThey do not have attached ribosomesFunctions of smooth ERlipid synt... | Biochemistry | Miscellaneous (Structure & Function of Proteins) |
254b2418-6416-4d69-8366-5175dc10d51b | All are seen in metachromatic leukedystrophy except? | Mental retardation | Optic atrophy | Decerebrate posture | Exaggerated tendon reflexes | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Exaggerated tendon reflexes | Pediatrics | null |
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