pubid int32 113k 27.9M | question stringlengths 17 664 | context dict | long_answer stringlengths 1 3.34k | final_decision stringclasses 2
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11,295,653 | Do tH2 lymphocytes from atopic patients treated with immunotherapy undergo rapid apoptosis after culture with specific allergens? | {
"contexts": [
"In atopic patients treatment with specific immunotherapy (SIT) induced a shift in the balance of T-cell immune response away from a T(H)2-type (producing mostly IL-4) in favor of a T(H)1-type T-lymphocyte response (with the preferential production of IFN-gamma). However, the mechanisms through wh... | These results suggest that the shift from T(H)2 to T(H)1 induced by SIT in atopic patients may be mediated, at least in part, by the induction of an activation-induced cell death process in allergen-responder T(H)2 cells. | yes |
11,309,230 | Does heparin protect local skin microcirculation in 210 minutes-long intravital microscopy observations under general anaesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"Prolonged immobilization of severely ill, bed-ridden patients results in formation of pressure ulcers following inappropriate tissue blood perfusion, and local activation of leukocyte - endothelial cell interactions (L/EC). Various treatment modalities were implemented to improve local microcircu... | The results suggest a protective effect of heparin in clinical therapeutic doses against impairment of skin perfusion during IVM. This observation may justify a trial on the effects of heparin in prevention of development of pressure ulcers. | yes |
11,305,831 | Does premedication modify the quality of sedation with propofol during regional anesthesia? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effects of diazepam or clonidine on the quality of sedation with propofol during regional anesthesia.",
"In a prospective randomised, controlled, double-blinded study, 60 patients undergoing elective gynecological surgery were studied. They were given premedication with 0.15-... | Both premedicants reduced propofol requirements and exerted beneficial effects on the incidence of some complications during sedation with propofol as an adjunct to regional anesthesia. | yes |
11,306,379 | Is excretion of matrix metalloproteinases 2 and 9 in urine associated with a high stage and grade of bladder carcinoma? | {
"contexts": [
"To analyze the excretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) 2 and 9 in the urine of patients with bladder cancer according to the stage and grade of tumor and to evaluate their diagnostic clinical validity. In numerous carcinomas, increased expression of MMPs is associated with a higher grade of... | Urinary excretion of MMP-2 and MMP-9 is associated with a high stage and grade of bladder cancer, and they may serve as indicators of tumor progression and recurrence in the future. | yes |
11,314,515 | Is apoptosis of osteoclast-like cells induced by alendronate related to Fas gene expression? | {
"contexts": [
"To detect the mechanism of alendronate during inhibition of bone resorption by inducing apoptosis of osteoclasts and its relationship with the Fas gene.",
"The osteoclast-like cells (OCLs) from a giant cell tumor in vitro were used. After treatment with alendronate for 48 hours, the OCLs were... | Alendronate promotes apoptosis of the OCLs and it is related with the expression of the Fas gene. | yes |
11,304,969 | Is risk assessment at the end of pregnancy a poor predictor for complications at delivery? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the usefulness of prenatal risk assessment for prediction of need for obstetric interventions.",
"Area based retrospective study.",
"Västerås Central Hospital, Sweden, with all antenatal care units in the area.",
"All women delivered at the only delivery ward in the area, ... | Individual prediction of obstetric emergencies has low accuracy, which should be included in the information to women as well as in discussions with health pianners. | yes |
11,302,345 | Is altretamine an effective palliative therapy of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer? | {
"contexts": [
"Management of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer is difficult. Although several agents are active, responses are short-lived and observed in only a small number of patients. Side effects of these drugs are substantial. There is a need for more effective and less toxic therapies. Al... | Altretamine is an acceptable and apparently less toxic alternative to other cytotoxic drugs used for palliation of patients with recurrent epithelial ovarian cancer. | yes |
11,303,830 | Does airflow limitation during respiratory syncytial virus lower respiratory tract infection predict recurrent wheezing? | {
"contexts": [
"Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) is frequently followed by recurrent wheezing. Thus far no clinical risk factors have been identified to predict which infants will have wheezing episodes subsequent to RSV LRTI.",
"To determine clinical predictors for ... | A sign of airflow limitation during RSV LRTI is the first useful clinical predictor for subsequent recurrent wheezing. | yes |
11,302,872 | Does flow cytometric analysis of gut mucosal lymphocytes support an impaired Th1 cytokine profile in spondyloarthropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"To quantify the fraction of gut mucosal lymphocytes expressing the T helper type 1 (Th1) cytokines, interferon gamma (IFNgamma) and interleukin (IL)2, and the Th2 cytokines, IL4 and IL10, at the single cell level in patients with spondyloarthropathy (SpA) in comparison with healthy controls.",
... | An impaired Th1 cytokine profile is observed in gut mucosal lymphocytes from patients with SpA. This adds to the existing evidence that the gut mucosal immune apparatus is involved in the pathogenesis of SpA. | yes |
11,308,178 | Does pentoxifylline reduce coronary leukocyte accumulation early in reperfusion after cold ischemia? | {
"contexts": [
"Ischemia/reperfusion injury can complicate recovery in cardiac operations. Ischemia induces endothelial dysfunction, which may contribute to leukocyte accumulation during reperfusion. Leukocyte-mediated injury may then occur. Using intravital microscopy we previously reported increased leukocyte ... | Cold cardioplegia did not prevent leukocyte retention in the coronary microcirculation early in reperfusion. PTX modification of cardioplegia significantly reduced leukocyte sequestration in coronary capillaries and venules. Preserving endothelial function during ischemia may limit leukocyte accumulation and ischemia/r... | yes |
11,308,175 | Does opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels enhance cardioplegic protection? | {
"contexts": [
"Mitochondrial and sarcolemmal ATP-sensitive potassium channels have been implicated in cardioprotection; however, the role of these channels in magnesium-supplemented potassium (K/Mg) cardioplegia during ischemia or reperfusion is unknown.",
"Rabbit hearts (n = 76) were used for Langendorff p... | The cardioprotection afforded by K/Mg cardioplegia is modulated by mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels. Diazoxide when added to K/Mg cardioplegia significantly reduces infarct size, suggesting that the opening of mitochondrial ATP-sensitive potassium channels with K/Mg cardioplegic protection would allow for... | yes |
11,308,172 | Does division of modified Blalock-Taussig shunt at correction avoid distortion of the pulmonary artery? | {
"contexts": [
"Modified Blalock-Taussig (BT) shunt causing pulmonary artery distortion has been reported. This distortion may get worse after a corrective operation if the BT shunt is ligated, rather than divided. In this study we examined whether division of modified BT shunt at the time of corrective operatio... | Division of BT shunt at the time of corrective procedure reduces pulmonary artery distortion. | yes |
11,289,476 | Is the high prevalence of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase in first-degree relatives of patients with type 1 diabetes associated with islet autoimmunity? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the extent of celiac autoimmunity in type 1 diabetic patients and the overlap between islet and celiac autoimmunity in their nondiabetic relatives.",
"IgA antibodies to tissue transglutaminase were determined in serum taken from 433 type 1 diabetic patients and 1,442 nondiabetic ... | We found a high prevalence of celiac autoimmunity in patients and first-degree relatives of children with type 1 diabetes, but we found limited overlap between islet and celiac autoimmunity in nondiabetic relatives. The high prevalence of celiac autoimmunity may be explained by shared genetic susceptibility and identif... | no |
11,289,474 | Does anemia with erythropoietin deficiency occur early in diabetic nephropathy? | {
"contexts": [
"The normochromic normocytic anemia of erythropoietin (EPO) deficiency is recognized in advanced renal failure but not in early renal disease. The aim of this study was to determine whether anemia with EPO deficiency is found in type 1 diabetic patients with diabetic nephropathy in the absence of ... | Anemia associated with EPO deficiency can occur early in DN before the onset of advanced renal failure, but does not normally occur in nondiabetic renal disease of similar severity. The pathogenesis requires elucidation. | yes |
11,299,086 | Is exclusive breast-feeding rarely practised in rural and urban Morogoro , Tanzania? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate and compare feeding practices among infants of less than 7 months of age in a rural and an urban area in Tanzania.",
"Cross-sectional, questionnaire-based interview of mothers and focus group discussions with extension workers and community leaders.",
"Eleven villages in a ... | The better performance of urban mothers could be partly due to sustained breast-feeding support in hospital settings and other campaigns which may not have reached the rural areas. In both the rural and urban areas more efforts are needed to encourage exclusive breast-feeding, to avoid premature complementation and, in... | yes |
11,297,489 | Do ophthalmologic heterogeneity in subjects with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina harboring the L402P mutation of ornithine aminotransferase? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate clinical variation in a genetically homogenous group of subjects with gyrate atrophy of choroid and retina with hyperornithinemia (GA). The group was made up of homozygotes and compound heterozygotes for mutation L402P in the ornithine aminotransferase (OAT) gene.",
"Cross-sect... | This study of 35 subjects with GA carrying a single mutation shows that the ophthalmologic symptoms and findings vary widely. The data also reveal that GA subjects are already affected by severe visual impairment in young adulthood. However, the diagnosis is often made very late. | yes |
11,298,775 | Do extrasystolic beats affect transmural electrical dispersion during programmed electrical stimulation? | {
"contexts": [
"Experimental studies suggest that the electrocardiographic Tpeak-Tend (TpTe) interval reflects transmural dispersion of repolarization (TDR). The genesis and role of the TpTe interval in a clinical setting have not been established. This study aimed to assess the clinical usefulness of the TpTe i... | The TpTe interval of surface ECG is likely to represent TDR. TDR is increased by premature ventricular stimulation and the magnitude of the maximum TpTe interval (i.e. maximum TDR) during ventricular pacing is greater in patients with inducible arrhythmias. | yes |
11,298,532 | Does chemotherapy induce or increases expression of multidrug resistance-associated protein in malignant melanoma cells? | {
"contexts": [
"Human malignant melanoma is notoriously resistant to chemotherapeutic agents. Melanoma-derived cell lines are often markedly chemoresistant, suggesting that cellular mechanisms mediate generation of the multidrug resistance (MDR) phenotype. This phenotype is often due to P-glycoprotein (Pgp) and ... | These results suggest that a significant mRNA level of MRP gene was intrinsically present in malignant melanoma even before exposure to chemotherapeutic drugs and increased in its expression after chemotherapy, suggesting that MRP plays a part in increasing the chemoresistance of malignant melanoma during chemotherapy. | yes |
11,298,536 | Is the severity of cutaneous and oral pemphigus related to desmoglein 1 and 3 antibody levels? | {
"contexts": [
"Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) and foliaceus (PF) are characterized by antibodies to the desmosomal proteins desmoglein 3 (Dsg3) and desmoglein 1 (Dsg1), respectively. Past studies using indirect immunofluorescence (IIF) as a measure of pemphigus antibody levels have failed to demonstrate consistently a... | This study suggests that the clinical phenotype of pemphigus, in particular the balance of skin and oral disease, is determined principally by the quantities of Dsg1 and 3 autoantibodies, respectively. | yes |
11,288,964 | Does rescue use of abciximab improve regional left ventricular function after early incomplete reperfusion in acute myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Abciximab was shown to have important beneficial effects beyond the maintenance of epicardial coronary artery patency. However, it remains uncertain whether abciximab may lead to a better functional outcome in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and with incomplete reperfusion after p... | Rescue use of abciximab may reduce the infarct size in patients with AMI and TIMI grade 2 flow after PA, which may improve the recovery of regional LV function. | yes |
11,296,849 | Does soluble P-selectin antagonist mediate rolling velocity and adhesion of leukocytes in acutely inflamed venules? | {
"contexts": [
"Leukocyte rolling is recognized as an important event in facilitating the extravasation of leukocytes from the vascular to the interstitial compartment, and is mediated by the selectin family of cell adhesion molecules. The aim of this study was to evaluate and characterize the rolling behavior o... | LTC4 induces leukocyte rolling and adhesion in feline mesenteric venules in a dose-dependent manner. Administration of rPSGL-Ig inhibits LTC4-induced reductions in leukocyte rolling velocity and attenuates the elevation in the fraction of rolling leukocytes produced by LTC4 stimulation. This suggests that rPSGL-Ig may ... | yes |
11,295,647 | Is total and specific IgE in nasal polyps related to local eosinophilic inflammation? | {
"contexts": [
"Nasal polyps (NPs) are characterized by eosinophilic inflammation and often coexist with asthma. However, the role of atopy and IgE in NP pathogenesis is unclear.",
"We sought to determine whether there is an association between total and specific IgE to a variety of allergens in polyp and no... | These studies suggest that there is an association between increased levels of total IgE, specific IgE, and eosinophilic inflammation in NPs, which may be of relevance in the pathophysiology of nasal polyposis. Similarly, the presence of specific IgE to staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B also points to a possible role... | yes |
11,305,824 | Do combined pre- and post-surgical bupivacaine wound infiltrations decrease opioid requirements after knee ligament reconstruction? | {
"contexts": [
"To test the efficacy of a combination of selective pre- and post-surgical local anesthetic infiltrations of the knee, compared with standard intra-articular injection at the end of surgery alone, to reduce postoperative opioid requirements following arthroscopic cruciate ligament reconstruction (... | We conclude that a combination of selective pre- and post-surgical wound infiltration with bupivacaine 0.25% provides superior analgesia compared with a standard post-surgical intra-articular injection alone. | yes |
11,305,822 | Does perioperative intravenous flurbiprofen reduce postoperative pain after abdominal hysterectomy? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess whether perioperative intravenous administration of flurbiprofen, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, reduced postoperative pain after abdominal hysterectomy.",
"Forty-five patients undergoing abdominal hysterectomy were randomly assigned to one of three groups of equal size. A ... | Intravenous 1 mg x kg(-1) flurbiprofen administered during anesthesia reduces postoperative rescue analgesic requirement after abdominal hysterectomy. Moreover, flurbiprofen is more effective when given before than after surgery. | yes |
11,305,823 | Does dopexamine hydrochloride modify hemodynamic response or tissue oxygenation or gut permeability during abdominal aortic surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess the effects of intraoperative infusion of dopexamine (a DA-1 and B2 adrenoreceptor agonist) on hemodynamic function, tissue oxygen delivery and consumption, splanchnic perfusion and gut permeability following aortic cross- clamp and release.",
"In a randomised double blind controlle... | Dopexamine infusion (0.5 -2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1)) did not enhance hemodynamic function and tissue oxygenation values during elective infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm repair. | no |
11,298,042 | Does varicocele in adolescence induce left and right testicular volume loss? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine the effect of a palpable left-sided varicocele (which in adolescent patients can adversely affect left testicular volume) on right testicular volume with progressive Tanner development and increasing varicocele grade.",
"The right and left testicular volumes were measured with a ... | The presence of a grade I varicocele in adolescence appears to have no effect on normal testicular growth. Some patients with a grade II varicocele are at risk of left testicular volume loss with time and should have their testicular volume measured annually. Patients with grade III varicocele are at risk of bilateral ... | yes |
11,312,421 | Do sentinel lymph node micrometastasis and other histologic factors that predict outcome in patients with thicker melanomas? | {
"contexts": [
"In patients with melanoma, lymph node staging information is obtainable by the surgical techniques of lymphatic mapping and sentinel lymph node (SLN) biopsy. Although no survival benefit has been proven for the procedure, the staging information is useful in identifying patients who may benefit f... | The results indicate that the SLN node status is predictive of disease-free survival for patients with thick melanomas. A surprising number of patients in the study were free of disease after prolonged follow-up. None of the histologic features of the primary tumor were helpful in predicting outcome, except for ulcerat... | yes |
11,301,639 | Do sea water or its components alter experimental irritant dermatitis in man? | {
"contexts": [
"Ocean bathing has been considered \"healthy\" for skin, but its efficacy remains testimonial in nature. Our aim was to evaluate the effects of sea water and its main components on experimental irritant contact dermatitis induced by sodium lauryl sulphate (SLS) cumulative irritation.",
"After ... | The effect of sea water may be attributed to skin barrier preservation by NaCl and KCl, and an emollient effect by NaCl. | yes |
11,299,740 | Do abrogation of G2 checkpoint specifically sensitize p53 defective cells to cancer chemotherapeutic agents? | {
"contexts": [
"Chkl is a checkpoint gene that is activated after DNA damage. It phosphorylates and inactivates Cdc25C at the late G2 phase. The inactivation of Cdc25C and consequently, the inactivation of Cdc2, are required for the G2 arrest induced by DNA damage.",
"We treated 184B5 cell line and its E6 tr... | G2/M checkpoint abrogators can potentially enhance the cytotoxic effect of conventional chemotherapeutic reagents specifically to tumor cells. | yes |
11,309,348 | Is trichostatin A a histone deacetylase inhibitor with potent antitumor activity against breast cancer in vivo? | {
"contexts": [
"Trichostatin A (TSA), an antifungal antibiotic with cytostatic and differentiating properties in mammalian cell culture, is a potent and specific inhibitor of histone deacetylase (HDAC) activity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antiproliferative and HDAC inhibitory activity of TSA i... | The present studies confirm the potent dose-dependent antitumor activity of TSA against breast cancer in vitro and in vivo, strongly supporting HDAC as a molecular target for anticancer therapy in breast cancer. | yes |
11,292,288 | Do cD8+ T cell subsets TC1 and TC2 cause different histopathologic forms of murine cardiac allograft rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"CD4+ T cell effector function is sufficient to mediate allograft rejection, and it is suggested that CD8+ T cell-mediated effects are dependent on CD4+ T cell help. CD8+ T cells can be classified into at least two functional subsets: Tc1, producing high amounts of interferon (IFN)-gamma and Tc2, ... | Both Tc1 and Tc2 cells can mediate murine cardiac allograft rejection in the absence of CD4+ T cell help, although each subset elicits a different type of inflammatory response. In this model, cytokine secretion of either functional CD8+ T effector cell subset is an important effector mechanism in the process of allogr... | yes |
11,297,713 | Is stress-induced hyperthermia in the 5-HT ( 1A ) receptor knockout mouse normal? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies on serotonin 1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor knockout mice in different genetic backgrounds indicate that such mice display a more anxious phenotype than their corresponding wild types. We hypothesized that the 5-HT(1A) receptor knockout mice would show a different phenotype than the wild ... | 5 -HT(1A) receptor knockout mice display a normal SIH response, and results indicate, based on the SIH, that the GABA(A)-benzodiazepine receptor complex functions normally. | yes |
11,299,847 | Does paclitaxel-carboplatin chemotherapy cause encephalopathy in patients with ovarian cancer : a prospective EEG mapping study in 28 patients? | {
"contexts": [
"The objective of this study was to evaluate possible effects of a paclitaxel containing chemotherapy, on the central nervous system (CNS) in women with ovarian cancer.",
"Twenty-eight women with histologically documented epithelial ovarian carcinoma and treated with a combination chemotherapy... | The results of this study suggest that chemotherapy consisting of paclitaxel and carboplatin does not cause adverse effects on the central nervous system. Improved vigilance was measured in patients with ovarian cancer after chemotherapy. | no |
11,294,317 | Do evaluation of a balanced fresh paste diet for maintenance of captive neotropical rattlesnakes used for venom production? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate efficacy of a balanced fresh paste diet for maintenance of captive neotropical rattlesnakes used for venom production.",
"Controlled clinical trial.",
"40 healthy neotropical rattlesnakes.",
"Rattlesnakes were force-fed once per week (10% of body weight) for 19 weeks; 20 c... | Results suggest that a balanced fresh paste diet has sufficient nutritional value to avoid weight loss and death and does not adversely affect venom quality in captive neotropical rattlesnakes. | yes |
11,284,764 | Is rieger syndrome associated with PAX6 deletion? | {
"contexts": [
"Rieger syndrome is an autosomal dominant condition defined by anterior segment dysgenesis in combination with facial, dental, skeletal and umbilical abnormalities. To date Rieger syndrome has been associated with mutations in the PITX2 gene at chromosome 4q25 and a second locus has been found at ... | Rieger syndrome can -- in addition to PITX2 gene mutations and abnormalities at chromosome 13q14 -- be associated with PAX6 gene abnormalities. | yes |
11,287,776 | Does vitamin B ( 6 ) therapy improve hematocrit in hemodialysis patients supplemented with iron and erythropoietin? | {
"contexts": [
"Pyridoxine deficiency may be the cause of failure to respond appropriately to iron and erythropoietin (EPO) administration in hemodialysis patients.",
"We studied 36 patients on chronic hemodialysis amply supplemented with iron and EPO, who failed to raise hematocrit levels >33%. Patients wer... | The results indicate that in hemodialysis patients with normal pyridoxine status who, despite appropriate supplementation of iron and EPO, fail to reach optimal hematocrit levels, additional pyridoxine treatment does not produce any hematocrit elevation. | no |
11,287,775 | Does urinary prostaglandin D synthase ( beta-trace ) excretion increase in the early stage of diabetes mellitus? | {
"contexts": [
"Circulating levels of lipocalin-type prostaglandin D synthase (L-PGDS)/beta-trace reportedly increase in renal failure as well as in cardiovascular injuries. We investigated the alterations of L-PGDS in urine and plasma in the early stage of type-2 diabetic patients.",
"Thirty-six type-2 diab... | Urinary L-PGDS excretion increased in the early stage of kidney injury in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus. The urinary excretion was correlated independently with urinary protein excretion even when there was no difference in urinary protein or albumin excretions, thereby suggesting that urinary L-PGDS excretion... | yes |
11,312,471 | Does ultra-fast-track anesthetic technique facilitate operating room extubation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary revascularization surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine if implementation of ultra-fast-track anesthetic (UFTA) technique facilitates operating room extubation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.",
"Retrospective review.",
"Referral center for cardiovascular surgery at a university hospital... | Implementation of UFTA technique provided adequate hemodynamic control and facilitated operating room extubation in all patients. The impact of UFTA on earlier patient discharge and actual cost savings within a fully integrated post-cardiac surgery unit requires further evaluation. | yes |
11,313,312 | Is intestinal iron uptake determined by divalent metal transporter enhanced in HFE-deficient mice with hemochromatosis? | {
"contexts": [
"Overexpression of duodenal divalent metal transporter (DMT1) messenger RNA occurs in hemochromatosis and HFE-knockout mice, suggesting that DMT1 mediates enhanced absorption of iron; however, increased expression of functional DMT1 protein has yet to be substantiated. We examined the role of DMT1... | Disruption of the HFE gene up-regulates functional DMT1 transporters and enhances uptake of ferrous iron by this mechanism; DMT1 also mediates increased uptake after reduction of ferric iron presented at physiological concentrations. | yes |
11,312,480 | Is a beta-blocker , not magnesium , effective prophylaxis for atrial tachyarrhythmias after coronary artery bypass graft surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate magnesium as a sole or adjuvant agent with currently used prophylactic drugs in suppressing postoperative atrial tachyarrhythmias (POAT) after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery.",
"Single-center prospective, randomized clinical trial.",
"University hospital.",
"P... | beta-Blocker prophylaxis is indicated to reduce the incidence of POAT in CABG surgery patients and to prevent a beta-blocker withdrawal effect in patients receiving these medications preoperatively. Digoxin and magnesium as sole or adjuvant agents do not offer suppressive or ventricular rate reduction benefits in POAT. | yes |
11,287,016 | Is cyclin-dependent kinase 5 expressed in both Sertoli cells and metaphase spermatocytes? | {
"contexts": [
"To gain insight into the function of cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (Cdk5) in spermatogenesis.",
"The expression of the Cdk5 protein was determined with the use of immunohistochemical and immunoblot analysis.",
"Academic research laboratory.",
"Adult mouse and archival human testicular tis... | The cyclin-dependent kinases are known regulators of the cell cycle; however, Cdk5 expression previously has been described in terminally differentiated cells of the brain. The present evidence of an association between Cdk5 and microfilaments of Sertoli cells and meiotic metaphase germ cells suggests a role of Cdk5 in... | yes |
11,298,528 | Does exogenous topical lactoferrin inhibit allergen-induced Langerhans cell migration and cutaneous inflammation in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Lactoferrin (LF), an iron-binding protein found in exocrine secretions, is known to possess antibacterial properties. It has recently been proposed that LF may also influence inflammatory reactions.",
"To characterize in humans the ability of recombinant homologous LF to inhibit the induced m... | These data demonstrate that LF is able to influence cutaneous immune and inflammatory responses, possibly because of an impaired production of local proinflammatory cytokines. | yes |
11,293,441 | Does helicobacter pylori infection reduce systemic availability of dietary vitamin C? | {
"contexts": [
"Helicobacter pylori infection is recognized to lower the concentration of vitamin C in gastric juice. The objective of this study was to assess the effect of the infection on the systemic availability of dietary vitamin C.",
"The study involved 1,106 men and women aged 25-74 randomly recruite... | H. pylori substantially impairs the bio-availability of vitamin C. This, together with the reduced vitamin C intake of H. pylori-positive subjects, markedly reduces the plasma vitamin C level of infected subjects. The reduced circulating levels of vitamin C in H. pylori-infected subjects may contribute to the aetiology... | yes |
11,293,442 | Is gut luminal neutrophil migration influenced by the anatomical site of Crohn 's disease? | {
"contexts": [
"Clinical differences between small- and large-bowel Crohn's disease have been demonstrated. Neutrophil migration and degranulation are important effector mechanisms in gut damage. Granulocyte elastase, a neutrophil-bound enzyme, interleukin 8 and 1beta can be detected in whole-gut lavage fluid. W... | Neutrophil migration to the gut lumen in Crohn's disease is a feature of colonic disease irrespective of associated ileal lesions. This suggests that bacterial-derived chemo-attractants may play a role. High levels of IL-8 in colonic disease are consistent with this hypothesis. | yes |
11,314,334 | Do changes in genioglossus muscle activity in obstructive sleep apnea patients with and without snore guard? | {
"contexts": [
"To study the effect of Snore Guard on the genioglossus (GG) muscle activity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients.",
"Fifteen male patients with mild to severe OSA were diagnosed by overnight polysomnographic studies, and were reexamined after using Snore Guard for 2-6 months. The differe... | The effect of Snore Guard on OSA patients is a mechanical enlargement of upper airway volume. The genioglossus muscle is passive during treatment. | yes |
11,307,440 | Do the effects of Ledermix paste on discolouration of immature teeth? | {
"contexts": [
"The aims of this study were to: (i) investigate the effects of Ledermix paste as an intracanal medicament on discolouration of immature teeth, (ii) examine whether the discolouring effects were related to the method of application, (iii) examine the effects of sunlight upon discolouration of imma... | It was concluded that Ledermix paste may cause discolouration of immature teeth. Such effects can be minimized if placement of the paste is restricted to below the gingival margin. Clinicians should ensure that Ledermix paste is not left on the walls of access cavities, especially in immature teeth. | yes |
11,295,689 | Does dipyridamole myocardial SPECT with low heart rate response indicate cardiac autonomic dysfunction in patients with diabetes? | {
"contexts": [
"Because dipyridamole is used to assess heart rate (HR) variability, we investigated whether a low HR response during dipyridamole single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) in patients with diabetes indicates the presence of cardiac autonomic neuropathy (CAN).",
"Subjects were 61 non-... | In patients with diabetes who have normal dipyridamole SPECT results, an attenuated HR response observed during stress indicates a high likelihood of CAN. Further work that assesses these results in diabetes patients with coronary artery disease is warranted. | yes |
11,289,279 | Do adenomatous polyps develop commonly in the ileal pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of this study was to establish the prevalence of adenomatous polyps in the ileal pouch of patients with familial adenomatous polyposis.",
"Forty-three patients who had an ileal pouch for familial adenomatous polyposis were invited to have a careful endoscopic examination of their pouc... | Adenomatous polyps occur frequently in ileal pouches. These findings are of concern, and therefore, regular surveillance seems warranted until the natural history of these adenomatous polyps is determined. | yes |
11,301,934 | Are the alpha and gamma tocopherol levels in serum influenced by the dietary fat quality? | {
"contexts": [
"Alpha tocopherol in serum is thought to be of importance in protecting lipids against oxidation and low serum levels of alpha tocopherol has been suggested to increase the risk for coronary heart disease. However, low levels of gamma, rather than alpha, tocopherol have been found in patients with... | Alpha and gamma tocopherol levels in serum are influenced by the type of fat used in the diet. The most unexpected finding is that the lipid-adjusted gamma tocopherol concentration significantly decreased by 37% during a diet rich in saturated fat with an increased ratio between alpha and gamma tocopherol, similar to t... | yes |
11,313,313 | Is increased calcium influx responsible for the sustained mechanical tone in colon from dystrophic ( mdx ) mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Proximal colon from dystrophic mice develops spontaneous tone increment, but the mechanisms involved in its development have not been investigated. This study examined whether alterations in the properties of cell membrane calcium channels and/or sarcoplasmic reticular (SR) Ca2+-adenosine triphos... | Increased Ca2+ influx through L-type voltage-dependent Ca2+ channels seems to be responsible for the sustained mechanical tone of proximal colon from mdx mice. The mechanisms for sequestering calcium appear to be unaltered. | yes |
11,296,854 | Is angiogenesis induced by electrical stimulation mediated by angiotensin II and VEGF? | {
"contexts": [
"Physiological angiogenesis in skeletal muscle is an adaptive response to physical training and electrical stimulation. This study investigated the role of angiotensin II (Ang II) in regulating both angiogenesis and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) protein expression induced by electrical... | The current study suggests a pathway involving angiotensin II receptors (AT1) and VEGF in electrically stimulated angiogenesis. | yes |
11,296,850 | Does chronic vasodilation induce matrix metalloproteinase 9 ( MMP-9 ) expression during microvascular remodeling in rat skeletal muscle? | {
"contexts": [
"The process of microvessel growth and remodeling depends on the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) in a specific spatial pattern of expression. This study characterizes the spatial distribution of metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) expression during microvascular remodeling in the rat spinotra... | These results demonstrate that the expression of MMP-9 increases during in vivo microvascular remodeling in adult skeletal muscle. The MMP-9 expression is limited to larger (>20-microm diameter) microvessels, suggesting a role for MMP-9 in the remodeling of such vessels during prazosin-induced vasodilation and the subs... | yes |
11,296,852 | Does 20-HETE contribute to myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries in Brown Norway and Sprague-Dawley rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To evaluate the role of 20-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acid (20-HETE), a product of arachidonic acid omega-hydroxylation via cytochrome P450 (CP450) 4A enzymes, in regulating myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries from normotensive Brown Norway (BN) and Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats.",... | These results suggest that the production of 20-HETE via CP450 4A enzymes contributes to the myogenic activation of skeletal muscle resistance arteries from normotensive BN and SD rats. 20-HETE may act through a receptor-mediated process to block vascular smooth muscle KCa channels in response to the elevated transmura... | yes |
11,309,554 | Is gastrin-releasing peptide a potent vasodilator in humans? | {
"contexts": [
"Our objective was to characterize the local vascular effects of gastrin-releasing peptide in forearm resistance vessels as a biomarker to aid the clinical development of broad-spectrum neuropeptide antagonists as anticancer agents.",
"On different occasions, 7 healthy male volunteers received... | Gastrin-releasing peptide proved to be a potent, dose-dependent arteriolar vasodilator. The time to onset and offset of effect was rapid, within minutes, and marked tachyphylaxis was shown, with recovery by approximately 20 minutes. The contribution of nitric oxide to this vasodilatation was minimal. Forearm blood flow... | yes |
11,312,384 | Does peptidoglycan from sterile human spleen induce T-cell proliferation and inflammatory mediators in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy subjects? | {
"contexts": [
"Peptidoglycan (PG), a component of Gram-positive bacteria, may be involved in rheumatoid arthritis (RA) because of its ability to induce production of proinflammatory cytokines, to induce arthritis in rodents, and its presence in antigen-presenting cells in RA joints.",
"In the present study,... | The fact that PG, which can be found in synovial tissues of RA patients is able to induce the production of inflammatory mediators supports the hypothesis that PG plays a role in the pathogenesis of RA by influencing the inflammatory microenvironment of the joint. | yes |
11,313,307 | Does keratinocyte growth factor promote goblet cell differentiation through regulation of goblet cell silencer inhibitor? | {
"contexts": [
"Keratinocyte growth factor (KGF) is an epithelial cell-specific growth factor. Previous reports demonstrated that KGF induces differentiation of epithelial cells of gastrointestinal tract in vivo, especially goblet cell-specific lineage stimulation. Intestinal trefoil factor (ITF) is selectively ... | KGF promotes goblet cell differentiation through the induction of GCSI-BP, a goblet cell-specific transcription factor. GCSI-BP may play a central role in intestinal goblet cell differentiation. | yes |
11,313,308 | Does inhibition of the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway contribute to HT29 and Caco-2 intestinal cell differentiation? | {
"contexts": [
"Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K), an important mediator of intracellular signal transduction, has been shown to affect proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis in a number of cells; the role of PI3K in intestinal cell differentiation is not known.",
"The effect of PI3K inhibition on ... | Our results show that inhibition of PI3K significantly enhances enterocyte-like differentiation of HT29 and Caco-2 cells. Taken together, our findings suggest a contributory role for the PI3K/PTEN pathway in intestinal cell differentiation. | yes |
11,287,022 | Are serum human chorionic gonadotropin levels correlated with body mass index rather than route of administration in women undergoing in vitro fertilization -- embryo transfer using human menopausal gonadotropin and intracytoplasmic sperm injection? | {
"contexts": [
"To compare subcutaneous (SC) and intramuscular (IM) hCG administration and their association with body mass index (BMI) in women undergoing IVF-ET using hMG and ICSI.",
"Prospective, randomized controlled trial.",
"Private infertility clinic.",
"Twenty-one ovulatory women, 29-39 years... | The highest levels of hCG were measured in women with the lowest BMI. Patients' body size, rather than route of hCG delivery, appears to determine circulating levels of hCG. | yes |
11,301,106 | Are mitochondrial disruption and limited apoptosis of erythroblasts associated with high risk myelodysplasia . An ultrastructural analysis? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the ultrastructural characteristics of erythroblasts in myelodysplasia (MDS) which might be of additional importance in understanding its pathogenesis.",
"22 patients were classified according to FAB (French-American-British classification), IPSS (international prognostic score... | These data indicate that in MDS apoptosis may play a role in early stages of disease. The overall prominent defects in mitochondria might be an additional defect that is involved in ineffective erythropoiesis. | yes |
11,295,756 | Does 830-nm irradiation increase the wound tensile strength in a diabetic murine model? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of low-power laser irradiation on wound healing in genetic diabetes.",
"Female C57BL/Ksj/db/db mice received 2 dorsal 1 cm full-thickness incisions and laser irradiation (830 nm, 79 mW/cm(2), 5.0 J/cm(2)/wound). Daily low-level laser th... | Low-power laser irradiation at 830 nm significantly enhances cutaneous wound tensile strength in a murine diabetic model. Further investigation of the mechanism of LLLT in primary wound healing is warranted. | yes |
11,305,809 | Does 24,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 in combination with 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 ameliorate renal osteodystrophy in rats with chronic renal failure? | {
"contexts": [
"This study compares the effects of 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 alone or in combination on renal osteodystrophy in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF).",
"One month subsequent to 5/6 nephrectomy animals were divided into four groups and treated for one or four weeks with either vehicle, 1,2... | Based on the above observations we suggest that the combined treatment with 1,25(OH)2D3 and 24,25(OH)2D3 markedly improves the morphologic and metabolic abnormalities of renal osteodystrophy. | yes |
11,300,390 | Does neostigmine 50 microg kg ( -1 ) with glycopyrrolate increase postoperative nausea in women after laparoscopic gynaecological surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Neostigmine, used for reversal of neuromuscular block, has been implicated in the development of postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV). The use of mivacurium, which does not require neostigmine reversal due to its metabolism by plasma cholinesterase, has made it possible to study the effect of... | The results suggest that antagonism of neuromuscular block with a high dose of neostigmine increases postoperative nausea and the use of antiemetic drugs during the first 6 h after administration. | yes |
11,309,342 | Is angiopoietin-1 inversely related to thymidine phosphorylase expression in human breast cancer , indicating a role in vascular remodeling? | {
"contexts": [
"Angiogenesis is essential for tumor growth and metastasis. It is a complex, dynamic process that is coordinated by several classes of angiogenic factors. One candidate family is the Tie2 tyrosine kinase, whose expression is restricted largely to endothelial cells. Tie2 has three known ligands, an... | These findings suggest that the Ang/Tie2 pathway plays a significant role in human breast tumor angiogenesis but provide no initial evidence for direct regulation of the pathway by estrogen. | yes |
11,305,510 | Do helicobacter pylori CagA-positive strains affect oxygen free radicals generation by gastric mucosa? | {
"contexts": [
"Helicobacter pylori plays a key role in production of reactive oxygen metabolites (ROMs). However, the importance of virulent CagA-positive H. pylori strains remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to assess ROMs production in gastric biopsies of patients infected by H. pylori. Result... | Gastric mucosa of patients infected by HP-CagA-positive strains is characterized by a higher generation of ROMs and by greater neutrophil counts than that observed in HP-CagA-negative subjects. Since ROMs production is associated with DNA oxidative damage, a long-term stimulation by these strains might be relevant in t... | yes |
11,305,511 | Is intestinal adaptation in atrophic rat ileum accompanied by supersensitivity to vasoactive intestinal peptide , pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide and nitric oxide? | {
"contexts": [
"Intestinal inactivity leads to atrophic changes and concomitant alterations in the expression of neurotransmitters in the enteric nervous system. In atrophic rat ileum neurones expressing vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) decrease in nu... | Intestinal adaptation after bypassing the distal ileum of the rat includes a transient supersensitivity of the longitudinal muscle to the NO donor SNAP, VIP and PACAP-27. These augmented relaxatory responses may contribute to the hypomotility noted in inactive intestine. | yes |
11,305,514 | Does inhibition of selectin function and leukocyte rolling protect against dextran sodium sulfate-induced murine colitis? | {
"contexts": [
"The selectin family of adhesion molecules (P-, E- and L-selectin) plays an important role in inflammatory reactions by mediating interactions between leukocytes and activated endothelial cells. However, a recent study using gene-targeted mice has suggested that adhesion molecules (P- and E-select... | These results suggest that selectins mediate leukocyte infiltration and tissue damage in experimental colitis. Moreover, our data support the concept that functional interference with adhesion molecules of the selectin family may have a beneficial effect in the treatment of inflammatory bowel disease. | yes |
11,305,515 | Is transforming growth factor-alpha ( TGF-alpha ) needed for malignant transformation in experimental colitis? | {
"contexts": [
"Transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-alpha) is a key mediator of colonic mucosal protection and/or repair mechanisms in orally induced acute dextran sodium sulphate (DSS) colitis. However, it also has been suggested that TGF-alpha may contribute to malignant transformation in the colon. The aim ... | The markedly increased severity of mucosal injury in chronic induced DSS colitis in TGF-alpha deficient wa-1 mice compared to Balb/c mice further substantiates that endogenous TGF-alpha is a pivotal mediator of protection and/or healing mechanisms in the colon. The appearance of dysplastic and cancerous lesions in TGF-... | no |
11,292,307 | Is fas mRNA expression in blood reduced during episodes of human corneal graft rejection? | {
"contexts": [
"Our purpose is to examine levels of Fas mRNA expression in blood during human corneal transplant rejection.",
"Fas mRNA expression was detected by reverse transcription-PCR in blood from normal controls, corneal recipients at the time of transplantation and during episodes of rejection.",
... | These results indicate low levels of Fas mRNA in blood may have a role in corneal transplant rejection. | yes |
11,283,786 | Do [ Anterior optic neuritis do to ulcerative colitis ]? | {
"contexts": [
"We present the case of a 27 year old woman with acute bilateral loss of vision associated with abdominalgia, bloody diarrhea and arthralgia. In the present article, the different forms of ocular complications in relationship to chronic intestinal inflammations and their possible causes are discus... | On examination, bilateral anterior uveitis associated to a picture of optic nerve lesion compatible with a bilateral anterior optic neuritis was observed. The patient was diagnosed of ulcerative colitis by intestinal biopsy. The ocular affectation resolved after the ulcerative colitis was treated with systemic mesalami... | yes |
11,296,070 | Does piracetam therapy enhance cognitive functioning in children with down syndrome? | {
"contexts": [
"Piracetam is widely used as a purported means of improving cognitive function in children with Down syndrome. Its efficacy, however, has not been rigorously assessed.",
"To determine whether 4 months of piracetam therapy (80-100 mg/kg per day) enhances cognitive function in children with Down... | Piracetam therapy did not enhance cognition or behavior but was associated with adverse effects. | no |
11,302,009 | Does dietary lipoic acid supplementation prevent fructose-induced hypertension in rats? | {
"contexts": [
"In fructose-induced hypertension in Wistar-Kyoto (WKY) rats, excess endogenous aldehydes bind sulfhydryl groups of membrane proteins, alter membrane Ca2+ channels and increase cytosolic free calcium and blood pressure. The thiol compound N-acetyl cysteine prevents such hypertension by binding the... | Dietary alpha-lipoic acid supplementation in fructose-treated WKY rats may prevent their increase in systolic blood pressure by normalizing cytosolic [Ca2+], blood glucose and insulin, kidney and aortic aldehyde conjugates and preventing adverse renal vascular changes. | yes |
11,302,005 | Is apolipoprotein H increased in type 2 diabetic patients with microalbuminuria? | {
"contexts": [
"Serum apolipoprotein H (Apo H) levels are increased in hyperlipidemic subjects and type 2 diabetics, but unknown in microalbuminuria, another disorder with an increased cardiovascular risk. We looked to see whether increased Apo H levels are associated with microalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes.",
... | Serum apo H levels are increased in type 2 diabetics with microalbuminuria. | yes |
11,313,039 | Does the muscarinic agonist xanomeline increase monoamine release and immediate early gene expression in the rat prefrontal cortex? | {
"contexts": [
"The muscarinic agonist xanomeline has been shown to reduce antipsychotic-like behaviors in patients with Alzheimer's disease. Because atypical antipsychotic agents increase dopamine release in prefrontal cortex and induce immediate early gene expression in prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens,... | Xanomeline increased extracellular levels of dopamine, which is similar to the effects of the atypical antipsychotics clozapine and olanzapine. The regional pattern of immediate early gene expression induced by xanomeline resembled that of atypical antipsychotic agents. Based on the antipsychotic-like activity of xanom... | yes |
11,300,330 | Is response to chemotherapy a major parameter-influencing long-term survival of metastatic breast cancer patients? | {
"contexts": [
"In cancer patients, correlation between response to chemotherapy and gain in survival remains debated. We addressed this question in a multivariate analysis evaluating response to chemotherapy as a factor influencing survival of patients with metastatic breast cancer.",
"From 1977 to 1992, 14... | Response to an anthracycline-based chemotherapy is a major independent prognostic factor in metastatic breast cancer. The use of this factor to investigate new drugs seems to be pertinent. The good prognosis of complete responders justifies further evaluation of new treatment strategies for this patient population. | yes |
11,311,221 | Is the distribution of major lymphocyte subsets in cord blood associated with its pH? | {
"contexts": [
"To assess in venous cord blood the distribution of major lymphocyte subsets according to pH and medications used during labor.",
"Venous cord blood was sampled immediately after labor from 70 newborns (35 males and 35 females) delivered vaginally. Lymphocytes were immunophenotyped by flow cyt... | Cord blood pH and labor-associated variables should be taken into account to adequately interpret the profile of major lymphocyte subsets as a marker of the effect of different prenatal factors on the immune system of neonates. | yes |
11,286,840 | Is local hyperthermia , radiation , and chemotherapy in recurrent breast cancer feasible and effective except for inflammatory disease? | {
"contexts": [
"To investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of radiochemothermotherapy (triple-modality therapy) in patients with inoperable recurrent breast cancer.",
"Patients with inoperable recurrent lesions, World Health Organization (WHO) performance status of 2 or greater, life expectancy of more... | In patients with recurrent breast cancer, triple-modality therapy is feasible with acceptable toxicity. High remission rates can be achieved in noninflammatory disease, however, local control is limited to a few months. Whether the addition of chemotherapy has a clear-cut advantage to radiothermotherapy alone remains a... | yes |
11,300,428 | Does aspirin inhibit the acute venodilator response to furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"We sought to determine the effect of aspirin on the venodilator effect of furosemide in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) BACKGROUND: Furosemide has an acute venodilator effect preceding its diuretic action, which is blocked by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory, drugs. The ability of therape... | In patients with CHF, venodilation occurs within minutes of the administration of intravenous dose of furosemide. Our observation that aspirin inhibits this effect further questions the use of aspirin in patients with CHF. | yes |
11,300,425 | Are beneficial effects of ramipril on left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volume indexes after uncomplicated invasive revascularization associated with a reduction in cardiac events in patients with moderately impaired left ventricular function and no clinical heart failure? | {
"contexts": [
"OBJECTIVES We sought to assess the effect of ramipril on left ventricular (LV) volumes, and the clinical significance thereof, in patients with moderate LV dysfunction and no clinical heart failure undergoing invasive revascularization for chronic stable angina.",
"It is unsettled whether tre... | Even in this patient group, LV dilation may supervene and lead to an adverse clinical outcome. Ramipril reduces the postoperative increase in LV volumes and may thereby improve clinical outcome. | yes |
11,295,906 | Does spinal radiation before surgical decompression adversely affect outcomes of surgery for symptomatic metastatic spinal cord compression? | {
"contexts": [
"A retrospective chart review was performed.",
"To determine whether preoperative spinal radiation increases the number of major wound complications in patients with cancer who have symptomatic spinal cord compression.",
"Many factors have increased the number of patients hospitalized with... | Spinal radiation before surgical decompression for metastatic spinal cord compression is associated with a significantly higher major wound complication rate. In addition, preoperative spinal irradiation might adversely affect the surgical outcome. | yes |
11,300,383 | Do etomidate and thiopental inhibit platelet function in patients undergoing infrainguinal vascular surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Postoperative platelet hyperaggregability following general anesthesia has been reported in patients undergoing major vascular surgery. In contrast, since anesthetic agents inhibited platelet function both in vitro and in vivo, an increased risk for postoperative bleedings due to prolonged platel... | In the present study, etomidate and, to a minor extent, thiopental offered significant platelet inhibitory properties. Anesthetic-induced platelet inhibition may lead to higher transfusion rates and prolonged operation times. Therefore, anesthetic-related platelet inhibitory properties should be considered when searchi... | yes |
11,300,389 | Does ropivacaine 1 mg x ml ( -1 ) decrease the need for epidural fentanyl after hip replacement surgery? | {
"contexts": [
"Ropivacaine is a new long-acting local anesthetic. Laboratory trials have demonstrated a synergistic analgesic effect between intrathecal opioids and local anesthetics. We tested the hypothesis that addition of ropivacaine 1 mg x ml(-1) to epidural fentanyl (10 microg x ml(-1)) postoperatively de... | Addition of ropivacaine 1 mg x ml(-1) to epidural fentanyl 10 microg x ml(-1) did not significantly decrease the requirement for fentanyl administered for pain relief after hip replacement surgery. | no |
11,286,523 | Is the D-allele of the ACE polymorphism related to increased QT dispersion in 609 patients after myocardial infarction? | {
"contexts": [
"Prolongation of QT dispersion can be observed in some patients with myocardial infarction and serves as a possible independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibition has been shown to reduce QT dispersion in myocardial infarction patients. We hypothes... | Thus, the ACE D-allele may be associated with increased QT dispersion in patients after myocardial infarction but not in healthy subjects. An interaction of myocardial damage and genetic predisposition that both enhance the activity of the renin angiotensin system may decrease the repolarization homogeneity of the hear... | yes |
11,305,631 | Does a stearic acid-rich diet improve thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factor profiles in healthy males? | {
"contexts": [
"To determine whether healthy males who consumed increased amounts of dietary stearic acid compared with increased dietary palmitic acid exhibited any changes in their platelet aggregability, platelet fatty acid profiles, platelet morphology, or haemostatic factors.",
"A randomized cross-over ... | Results from this study indicate that stearic acid (19g/day) in the diet has beneficial effects on thrombogenic and atherogenic risk factors in males. The food industry might wish to consider the enrichment of foods with stearic acid in place of palmitic acid and trans fatty acids. | yes |
11,286,890 | Do structures of beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase I complexed with fatty acids elucidate its catalytic machinery? | {
"contexts": [
"beta-ketoacyl-acyl carrier protein synthase (KAS) I is vital for the construction of the unsaturated fatty acid carbon skeletons characterizing E. coli membrane lipids. The new carbon-carbon bonds are created by KAS I in a Claisen condensation performed in a three-step enzymatic reaction. KAS I b... | The same mechanism is proposed for KAS II, which also has a Cys-His-His active site triad. Comparison to the active site architectures of other thiolase fold enzymes carrying out a decarboxylation step suggests that chalcone synthase and KAS III with Cys-His-Asn triads use another mechanism in which both the histidine ... | yes |
11,298,620 | Is variation in clinical decision making a partial explanation for geographical variation in lower extremity amputation rates? | {
"contexts": [
"Rates of lower extremity amputation vary significantly both between and within countries. The variation does not appear to support differences in need as an explanation. This study set out to see if variations in clinical decision making might contribute to the explanation.",
"Based on an ext... | Variations in the clinical decisions made by vascular surgeons given the same patient are likely to explain at least a part of the observed geographical variation in rates of lower extremity amputation. Consensus guidelines may enable more consistent decision making for this problem. | yes |
11,307,026 | Do igE mimotopes of birch pollen allergen Bet v 1 induce blocking IgG in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"The induction of nonanaphylactogenic 'blocking' IgG antibodies capable of inhibiting the IgE/allergen interaction represents a favorable therapeutic concept for type I allergy. However, IgG antibodies to allergens may block or enhance specific IgE binding, depending on the recognized epitope. Tak... | Allergen mimotopes can be used for the induction of anti allergen IgG of desired specificity. We propose that mimotope immunotherapy based on IgE mimotopes generated by biopannings may represent a future concept for therapy of type I allergy. | yes |
11,286,825 | Does elevated cyclooxygenase-2 expression correlate with diminished survival in carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy? | {
"contexts": [
"The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between overall survival and prognostic factors in carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiation therapy. A clinicopathologic study was performed on 24 patients.",
"Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tumor biopsies were stained for Cyc... | These findings indicate that increased expression of COX-2 portends a diminished survival in patients with invasive carcinoma of the cervix treated with radiotherapy. Because COX-2 is an early-response gene involved in angiogenesis and inducible by different stimuli, these data may indicate opportunity to intervene wit... | yes |
11,299,043 | Is the A54T polymorphism at the intestinal fatty acid binding protein 2 associated with insulin resistance in glucose tolerant Caucasians? | {
"contexts": [
"An A54T polymorphism at the fatty acid binding protein 2 (FABP2) locus was found to be associated with insulin resistance in non-diabetic Pima Indians. To see whether this association is present in other populations, we performed a cross sectional study to examine the role of this polymorphism on... | The A54T polymorphism at the FABP2 locus is a risk factor for insulin resistance in a Caucasian population. | yes |
11,289,328 | Is switching from Ventolin CFC to Ventolin HFA well tolerated and effective in patients with asthma? | {
"contexts": [
"Environmental imperatives to eliminate the use of chlorofluorocarbon (CFC) propellants in metered-dose inhalers have led to the development of metered-dose inhalers with the hydrofluoroalkane (HFA-134a) propellants.",
"To evaluate the clinical effect of switching from Ventolin CFC to Ventolin... | Patients who were switched from Ventolin CFC to Ventolin HFA maintained comparable asthma control with a similar safety profile. | yes |
11,288,812 | Does l-Arginine improve endothelial function in renal artery of hypertensive Dahl rats? | {
"contexts": [
"To clarify whether endothelium-derived contracting factor (EDCF) is developed in renal artery of hypertensive Dahl rats and whether prolonged oral L-arginine treatments prevent development of EDCF and hypertension.",
"The effect of prolonged salt treatment with or without L-arginine on the re... | The present results suggest that impaired endothelium-dependent relaxation to acetylcholine is caused in part by induction of EDCF synthesis/release in renal arteries of hypertensive Dahl rats. L-arginine can attenuate sodium retention and development of hypertension, which lead to a decrease in EDCF synthesis in renal... | yes |
11,304,728 | Do widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines share common origins? | {
"contexts": [
"Cross-contamination is a persistent problem in the establishment and maintenance of mammalian cell lines. The observation that the cell lines PC-3, ALVA-31, and PPC-1 all have a homozygous deletion of the alpha-catenin gene prompted us to investigate the uniqueness of these and several other wide... | Several widely used prostate carcinoma cell lines apparently have identities in common. The knowledge that some of these cell lines are derivatives of one another prompts re-evaluation of previously obtained results. | yes |
11,310,461 | Is intravenous ketamine plus midazolam superior to intranasal midazolam for emergency paediatric procedural sedation? | {
"contexts": [
"This study compared intranasal midazolam (INM) with a combination of intravenous ketamine and intravenous midazolam (IVKM) for sedation of children requiring minor procedures in the emergency department.",
"A single blinded randomised clinical trial was conducted in the emergency department o... | Intravenous ketamine plus midazolam used in an appropriate setting by experienced personnel provides an excellent means of achieving sedation suitable for most non-painful minor procedures for children in the emergency department. This combination is superior to INM in terms of speed of onset and consistency of effect.... | yes |
11,290,490 | Does `` Puffed-cheek '' CT improve evaluation of the oral cavity? | {
"contexts": [
"Maneuvers that distend a lumen facilitate radiographic examinations. In evaluation of the upper aerodigestive tract, Valsalva and phonation maneuvers complement barium fluoroscopy. The current work investigates \"puffed-cheek\" CT to improve visualization of oral cavity tumors.",
"Seven patie... | The puffed-cheek CT maneuver is easily taught, and patients comply readily. Puffed-cheek CT scans provide a clearer and more detailed evaluation of mucosal surfaces of the oral cavity than do conventional scans. In selected patients, the puffed-cheek technique can supplement conventional CT studies. | yes |
11,306,953 | Does interleukin-4 induce a switch of human intestinal mast cells from proinflammatory cells to Th2-type cells? | {
"contexts": [
"During the last years, mast cells have been recognized as a potent cellular source of multiple cytokines. However, little is known about the regulation of cytokine production by mature human mast cells derived from mucosal sites.",
"Human mast cells were isolated from intestinal mucosa and cu... | In the presence of the mast cell survival factor SCF, mature human mast cells produce predominantly proinflammatory cytokines, whereas in the presence of SCF and IL-4, mast cells produce not only proinflammatory but also Th2 cytokines. | yes |
11,294,170 | Is fluctuation in autonomic tone a major determinant of sustained atrial arrhythmias in patients with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary veins? | {
"contexts": [
"This study was designed to analyze dynamic changes in autonomic tone preceding the onset of sustained atrial arrhythmias in patients with focal atrial fibrillation (AF) to determine why patients with frequent discharge from the arrhythmogenic foci develop sustained AF.",
"Holter tapes from 13... | In patients with focal ectopy originating from the pulmonary veins, sustained episodes of atrial arrhythmias are mainly dependent on variations of autonomic tone, with a significant shift toward vagal predominance before AF onset. | yes |
11,306,966 | Do allergic sensitization and allergen exposure during pregnancy favor the development of atopy in the neonate? | {
"contexts": [
"Several studies have considered that the in utero environment plays an important role in the onset of the allergic phenotype. We assessed whether allergic sensitization and allergen exposure during pregnancy favor the postnatal onset of allergy in the neonate.",
"BALB/c mice were sensitized t... | Our data suggest that Th-2/Th-0 immunity present during pregnancy has a decisive impact on shaping the Th-1/Th-2 T cell profile in response to postnatal allergen exposure. | yes |
11,306,964 | Do t cytotoxic 1 and T cytotoxic 2 CD8 T cells both inhibit IgE responses? | {
"contexts": [
"It is well recognized that CD8 T cells inhibit IgE responses. In this study, we investigated the mechanism of CD8 T cell-mediated IgE suppression by comparing the capacity of T cytotoxic 1 (Tc1) and T cytotoxic 2 (Tc2) CD8 T cells to inhibit IgE responses to ovalbumin (OVA).",
"Tc1 and Tc2 CD... | Both Tc1 and Tc2 CD8 T cells promote Th1 immunity and inhibit IgE responses. This process appears to be independent of CD8 T cell-derived IFN-gamma, as both Tc2 (IFN-gamma-) and Tc1 (IFN-gamma+) CD8 T cells inhibited IgE. | yes |
11,309,175 | Is subendometrial contractility predictive for in vitro fertilization ( IVF ) outcome? | {
"contexts": [
"The aim of the study was to investigate whether endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern, endometrial movement and serum estradiol and progesterone affect the outcome of in vitro fertilization.",
"Prospectively collected data of endometrial thickness, endometrial pattern and subendometrial ... | Subendometrial contractility plays no important role in implantation on the day of embryo transfer or 4 days later. | no |
11,303,152 | Does patient volume per surgeon predict survival in adult level I trauma centers? | {
"contexts": [
"The 1999 American College of Surgeons resources for optimal care document added the requirement that Level I trauma centers admit over 240 patients with Injury Severity Score (ISS) > 15 per year or that trauma surgeons care for at least 35 patients per year. The purpose of this study was to test ... | The significant independent predictors of survival in severely injured trauma patients are Ps, GCS score, age, mechanism of injury, and institutional volume. We found no statistically meaningful contribution to the prediction of survival on the basis of per-surgeon patient volume. Since this volume criterion for surgeo... | no |
11,306,532 | Does deficiency of urokinase-type plasminogen activator-mediated plasmin generation impair vascular remodeling during hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension in mice? | {
"contexts": [
"Chronic hypoxia results in the development of pulmonary hypertension and subsequent right heart failure. A role of the plasminogen system in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling has been suggested.",
"Mice with targeted deficiency of the gene encoding t... | Loss of the u-PA or plasminogen gene protects against the development of hypoxia-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary vascular remodeling. These observations point to an essential role of u-PA-mediated plasmin generation in the adaptive response to chronic hypoxia and the occurrence of hypoxic pulmonary vascula... | yes |
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