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Summary of guidance for PrEP providers {#jve11-sec-0001}
======================================
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
====================
For the synthesis and biological activity of the title compound, see; Doğruer *et al.* (2007[@bb5]). For related structures, see: Aydın *et al.* (2008[@bb3]); Girisha *et al.* (2008[@bb8]). For puckering parameters, see: Cremer & Pople (1975[@bb4]). For standard bond l... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Desmopressin (1-deamino-8-[d]{.smallcaps}-arginine vasopressin or dDAVP) is a peptide analog of the naturally occurring human antidiuretic hormone, vasopressin. It was first synthesized by Zaoral et al. ([@CR32]), being a selective agonist for the vasopressin V2 cell membrane receptor (V2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has become a major public health problem since the beginning of 2020. The elderly population and people with chronic diseases are categorized as the major risk groups because of the weakened immune system compared with healthy individuals.^[@r1]^ A strong immune system is formed by ou... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Misfolding and aggregation of human islet amyloid polypeptide (hIAPP, also known as amylin) into amyloid fibrils, followed by subsequent deposition of these amyloid fibrils into pancreatic islets, are the neuropathological hallmark of type 2 diabetes (T2D).^[@ref1]^ hIAPP is a 37-resi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Canine SRSF2 DNA sequence has been submitted to a public repository (NCBI GenBank database accession number KT072629).
Introduction {#sec005}
============
In dogs, cutaneous mast cell tumor (MCT) is the most common skin tumor, and it accounts for up to 10--30% of all cases. MCTs occur mostly in the dermis and subcuta... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
New neurons are continually born throughout adulthood in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle and in the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The sequential synaptic integration of adult-born neurons has been widely examined in rodents, but the mechanisms regulating the integration rema... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
We define the distal anterior cerebral artery as the distal portion after the anterior communicating artery. Aneurysms in the distal anterior cerebral artery have low occurrence rates with 2.1--9.2% including both the pericallosal and callosomarginal arteries.^[@b1],\ [@b2]^ High surgic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The left ventricle pseudoaneurysm (LVPA) is a complication related to the rupture of the free wall of left ventricle, which communicates through a defect with newly formed saccular pocket \[[@B1]\]. It is often secondary to a myocardial infarction, chest trauma, and a surgical o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide and causes one-quarter of all cancer deaths.[@bib1] Non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for 80% of all lung cancer cases.[@bib2] Recently, with the development of molecular targeted therapy and immunotherapy, t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Antifilaggrin autoantibodies (AFAs) are highly specific for rheumatoid arthritis and are probably involved in its pathophysiology. We showed that they are synthesised in the rheumatoid synovial membrane and that their target antigens in the tissue correspond to variants of the α and β chains of f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), one of the most prevalent health conditions, is the fourth leading cause of death worldwide \[[@CR1]\]. COPD morbidity and mortality have been increasing in many countries, in part due to an aging population world-wide \[[@CR2]\]. By the mid-2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Dehydration of lactic acid remains a challenge because of the technical and chemical hurdles it represents (Bonnotte et al., [@B6]). While some progress has been achieved in terms of selectivity, especially with phosphate catalysts, the various mechanisms leading to the formation of und... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The leaves of *Pereskia bleo* (Kunth) DC. (Cactaceae) are used traditionally in Malaysia for the treatment of cancer, high blood pressure, diabetes and diseases associated with rheumatism and inflammation. They are also used as remedy for the relief of gastric pain, ulcers and for revitalizin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Aims and Scope
==============
*Cancer Medicine* is a peer-reviewed, open access, interdisciplinary journal providing rapid publication of cutting-edge research from global biomedical researchers across the cancer sciences. The journal considers submissions from all oncologic specialties, including, but not limited to,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
The beach chair position (BCP) is commonly used for arthroscopic shoulder surgery. It has several advantages compared with a lateral decubitus position, such as good visualization of the surgical field, reduced traction neuropathy, and ease of conversion to an open surgery.^\[[@R1]\]^ H... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
ACC
: acetyl‐CoA carboxylase
AFP
: alpha fetoprotein
ALDH1A1
: aldehyde dehydrogenase isoform 1A1
AMP
: adenosine monophosphate
AMPK
: AMP‐activated kinase
CAP
: capsaicin
CSC
: cancer stem cell
GFAP
: glial fibrillary acidic protein
HCC
: hepatocellular carcinoma
HIF‐1α
: hypoxia... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common central nervous tumor in adults. Despite therapeutic advances, the median survival time continues to be approximately 14 months.^[@B1]^ Younger age and higher Karnofsky Performance Status (KPS) scores are widely accepted independent predictors of prolonge... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Lyme disease is the fastest growing vector-borne disease in the United States with over 40,000 cases reported during 2001--2002, representing a 40% annual increase in incidence \[[@B1]\]. Studies from the 1990\'s suggest that the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .201}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
After publication of this article \[[@CR1]\], the authors noticed Ali Edris's name was misspelled as Ali Edreis. The correct spelling of the author's name is included in the author list of this erratum and has been updated in the original article \[[@CR1]\].
The online version of the original article can be found unde... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Influenza vaccination responses in older adults {#Sec1}
===============================================
Influenza infection is associated with considerable morbidity annually and the elderly are amongst those at highest risk of serious outcomes \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. Annual influenza vaccination is a strategy endorsed by... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-11-02011}
===============
Phenylketonuria (PKU, OMIM 261600) and tyrosinemia type 1 (TT1, OMIM 276700) are both inborn errors affecting the phenylalanine-tyrosine degradation pathway necessitating a comparable dietary treatment. PKU affects approximately 1:18.000 newborns and is caused... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-19-03434}
===============
Among all types of women's cancers, breast cancer has the most new cases of diagnosed cancer type and is the second cause of cancer-related mortality worldwide \[[@B1-ijms-19-03434]\]. Currently, dysregulation of metabolic pathways, including fatty acid metabolic p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Renal fibrosis is a hallmark of most forms of progressive renal disease [@B1]. The unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) method, involving ligation of the ureter, most commonly of the left one, has been widely adopted to establish animal models with interstitial fibrosis. The kidney of the li... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Thrombocytopenia is a frequent hematologic disorder in patients infected with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) \[[@CR1]\]. It can occur independently of other cytopenias and at all stages of HIV infection \[[@CR2]\]. Although often asymptomatic, the thrombocytopenia in these patient... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is an essential component of the adaptive immune system for all vertebrates. One of the most remarkable characteristics of the *MHC* genes is the presence of extr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Haemagioma arising in the knee is a rare cause of knee swelling. The diagnosis frequently is delayed for long. We are presenting the case report of a 12- year boy who had a swelling on the anteromedial aspect of the left knee which remained undiagnosed for more than a year.
Patient had... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The gene regulatory information encoded in the primary DNA sequence is interpreted and transmitted to the transcription machinery, that it is assembled at the promoter, by the binding of transcription factors to the appropriate sequence elements ([@B1],[@B2]). Among these, enhancers are descr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Core tip:** Based on the esophageal cancer-associated RNA-seq in The Cancer Genome Atlas, we studied differentially expressed genes of esophageal cancer at various stages, constructed a protein-protein interaction network, obtained 14 dysfunctional modules, and screened Hub genes. We performed enrichment analysis to ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Hand is one of the most frequently injured parts of the body \[[@CR1]\]. Functional outcome in case of fractures of small bones of hand depends upon injury severity and management \[[@CR2]\]. Ultimate functional outcome is more important than just fracture healing in case of hand frac... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Ventriculo-atrial defects are rare defects, first described in 1958 by Gerbode \[[@CR1]\]. These defects until now were subdivided into two types Type-1 Gerbode defect is an acquired defect through the ventriculo-atrial membranous septum, resulting in a direct left ventricle to right atri... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All nucleotide sequence files are available from the NCBI GenBank database (accession numbers KT279554 to KT279561).
Introduction {#sec001}
============
*Staphylococcus aureus* is one of the leading human pathogens worldwide. It causes a broad range of diseases from superficial infections to life-threatening invasive... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dara are available at: <https://datadryad.org/review?doi=doi:10.5061/dryad.jh655f3>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Human beings are constantly confronted with choices that have explicit moral dimensions. There has been much philosophical research about how to properly guide and judge these choices from an ethic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
At the initial stages of drug discovery and design, there are often millions of candidate drug molecules under consideration. Therefore, the early prediction of activity for drug candidates using computational methods is very important to save time and resources. Due to importance of early predic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Human norovirus (HuNV) is currently a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in adults and predicted to become the predominant cause of diarrhea in all age groups worldwide ([@B31]; [@B5]). HuNV can establish chronic infection and becomes life-threatening in immunocompromised patients ([@B5])... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Low levels of physical activity (PA) is a major health problem in industrialized countries around the world. ([@b0005]) In North America, \<35% of children and youth are achieving the recommended 60 min of moderate to vigorous PA (MVPA) per day. ([@b0010], [@b0015]) This figure... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-14-01544}
===============
1.1. Background {#sec1dot1-ijerph-14-01544}
---------------
Non-communicable diseases (NCDs), also known as chronic diseases (CD), such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), diabetes, heart failure and hypertension, affect millions on a global... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Spinal cord injuries result in complete or partial loss of sensation and/or mobility and affect the quality of life of patients\[[@ref1][@ref2][@ref3][@ref4][@ref5]\]. Severe spinal cord injury often causes paralysis and loss of sensation and reflex function below the site of injury... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
The synthesis of defined polysilanes in which more than five silicon atoms are connected is challenging. The standard approaches for such polysilanes are Wurtz-type coupling^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ or Lewis acid catalyzed rearrangement reactions.^[@ref4]^ These two methods generally give ris... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
[^1]: Li Ji, Chunyan Cao, Yuman Li. These authors contributed equally to this manuscript.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-microorganisms-08-00299}
===============
*Candida* species are associated with a range of clinical manifestations, including mucosal and invasive bloodstream infections \[[@B1-microorganisms-08-00299]\]. Among the *Candida* species, *Candida albicans* is a leading cause of bloodstream infections... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Abbreviations used: Ado, adenosine; ChIP, chromatin immunoprecipitation; ENT, equilibrative nucleoside transporter; HIF-1, hypoxia inducible factor 1; HMEC, human microvascular endothelial cells; HRE, hypoxia-responsive element; MPO, myeloperoxidase.
Limited oxygen availability (hypoxia) is central to the pathogenesis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The thylakoid lipid bilayer formed by amphipathic glycerolipids serves as a matrix embedded with photosynthesis protein--cofactor complexes forming the electron transport chain. The lipid composition of the thylakoid membrane is highly conserved among cyanobacteria and plant chloroplast... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Nature Communications 7, Article number: 10945 10.1038/ncomms10945 (2016); Published: 03102016; Updated: 05042016
The author Hagai Cohen is incorrectly omitted from the list of corresponding authors. The corresponding authors are Peter Rez and Hagai Cohen. The correct information for correspondence is: 'Correspondence... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Liver cancer is a malignant tumor of the digestive system with the highest morbidity and mortality rate in China. Early symptoms are often not typical and clinical diagnoses usually occur during middle and advanced stages. Consequently, the surgical resection rate is extremely low at 5--20% (... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-18-00632}
===============
Schizophrenia (SCZ) is a mental disorder characterized by symptoms that include delusions, hallucinations, and disorganized speech \[[@B1-ijms-18-00632]\]. Approximately, 30% of SCZ patients are treatment-resistant \[[@B2-ijms-18-00632]\], and the atypical antipsyc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-0009922820941228}
============
In January 2020, a new coronavirus was found in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The coronavirus research group of the International Committee for the Classification of viruses named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2).^[@bibr1-0009922820941228]^ T... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Neuromyelitis Optica (NMO) is an idiopathic, autoimmune and inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that occurs in individuals of all ethnicities. NMO has long been considered as a variant of multiple sclerosis (MS) until the detection of the serum antibodies to the ast... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Schistosomiasis continues to be one of the major health problems in the developing world since the control strategy centered on mass chemotherapy has failed to effectively control this disease. Currently, more than 207 million people worldwide are infected with schistosomiasis [@pone.00... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
Ultrasonography has become one of the basic diagnostic tools for vascular diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Due to the widespread availability of ultrasound, it seems necessary to define standards for equipment requirements, the scope of ultrasound and the experience of t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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The content published in Cureus is the result of clinical experience and/or research by independent individuals or organizations. Cureus is not responsible for the scientific accuracy or reliability of data or conclusions published herein. All content published within Cureus is intended only for educational, research a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Glucosinolates are a diverse group of nitrogen- and sulphur-rich secondary metabolites characteristic of the order Capparales, which includes nutritionally important *Brassica* crops and the model plant *Arabidopsis thaliana* ([@CIT0017]; [@CIT0053]). Based on the precursor amino acid u... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Around 80% of all acute stroke patients suffer from upper limb paresis hampering daily activities \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. At present, rehabilitation after stroke is mainly based on symptoms of the patients rather than on underlying neurophysiological changes. A better understanding of... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For related compounds and further synthetic details, see: Schilf *et al.* (2007[@bb13]). For intramolecular hydrogen bonds in this type of compound, see: Fernández-G *et al.* (2001[@bb7]); Kabak (2003[@bb8]); Wojciechowski *et al.* (2001[@bb16]); Dey *et al. (*2001); Koşa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
As the world is witnessing a continuous epidemic of cholera in Haiti in the new millennium, global concerns on this reemerging infection is on the rise.\[[@ref1]\] Although a downward trend in the fatality of this epidemic has been reported recently, the attack rate still remains high at 6.1%.\[[@ref2]\] It is of inter... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) affects a quarter of the adult population and is a leading cause of liver-related morbidity and mortality^[@CR1]^. This condition is defined mainly by its histology and consists of two principal phenotypes which include a fatty liver and steato... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Providing appropriate treatment to all stroke patients remains a genuine challenge. Sixteen million strokes occur every year \[[@B1]\], one every four minutes. Of these, 25% of patients die, 40% remain disabled, and 25% develop dementia. Stroke represents a considerable economic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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INTRODUCTION
============
Nutrient excess and nutrient deficiency in the diets of preschool children can lead to permanent modification of metabolic pathways and increased risk of diet-dependent diseases in adults.
Children are most susceptible to the adverse consequences of bad eating habits. An unbalanced diet can ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Fluorescence-based techniques are the working horses in life sciences, especially when it comes to optical microscopy. Here, technical developments complemented with optimized fluorescence probes have paved the road for the investigation of many biological processes on a (sub)cellular... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1 Introduction
==============
Sequencing distant relatives is an established approach to identify causal variants in Mendelian disorders, but is also increasingly applied to identify genetic risk variants in complex disorders. When familial aggregation of a phenotype is observed at a rate much higher than the prevalen... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
BR
: brassinosteroid
CPD
: constitutive photomorphogenesis and dwarfism
EBL
: 24-epibrassinolide
IEF
: isoelectric focusing
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
RNA serves important and diverse functions inside the cell
==========================================================
In 1981, Thomas Cech and colleagues observed self-splicing RNA in a 26 S rRNA precursor[@b1][@b2]. In 1983, Sidney Altman found that ribonuclease P could cleave tRNA in the absence of protein[@b3]. In ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Prebiotics were first defined as "nondigestible food ingredients that beneficially affect the host by selectively stimulating the growth and/or activity of one or a limited number of bacterial species already resident in the colon, and thus attempt to improve host health".^[@ref1]^ This concept has been updated and ada... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Stillbirth remains a major unresolved public health issue and is identified globally as a priority area for targeting prevention strategies in perinatal health. Many deaths remain unexplained despite investigation, and there is an urgent need to identify and target appropriate a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Case Report {#sec1-1}
===========
A 20-year-old boy reported to us with a history of right eye (RE) uneventful mitomycin-C (MMC)-assisted trabeculectomy done 21 days before for medically uncontrolled secondary glaucoma. He had underwent vitrectomy with silicone oil tamponade for traumatic retinal detachment 4 months b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The wild strawberry, *Fragaria chiloensis* L. Duch., is a native species from Chile, which is distributed from the arctic circle in the west of North America to the southernmost point of Chile and Argentina^[@CR1],[@CR2]^. The species produces fruits, which follow a non-climacteric pa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Summary box
- Universal health coverage (UHC) is at the forefront of the discussions on how to achieve the health-related Sustainable Development Goals (SDG).
- A prominent part of the UHC agenda is to ensure that people are not impoverished due to high healthcare expenditures. While this is crucial, it is... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
As of April 2020, more than 2 million people worldwide had tested positive for COVID‐19, and more than 200,000 deaths are attributed to this virus. It is estimated that around 15% of patients diagnosed with COVID‐19 will develop severe health complications, and around 5%--10% will require intensive level care due to th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All data files will be available from the date of acceptance from the following databases: simtk.org (<https://simtk.org/frs/?group_id=1916>), re3data.org (<https://dx.doi.org/10.5526/ERDR-00000123>), ModelDB database from Yale University (<http://modeldb.yale.edu/263988>), and GitHub (<https://github.com/mcapllonch/Se... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
Parrot bornaviruses 1--8 (PaBV- 1-8) are the causal agents of a progressive fatal avian neurologic syndrome referred to as Parrot bornavirus syndrome, a complex of clinical problems that can include proventricular dilatation disease or PDD, macaw wasting disease, enteric ganglioneuri... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The *PDCD4* (*Programmed cell death 4*) gene encodes a highly conserved nuclear-cytoplasmic shuttling protein that acts as a tumor suppressor (for recent reviews see refs. ^[@CR1],[@CR2]^). PDCD4 contains two highly structured MA-3 domains located in the central and C-terminal parts o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The tree genus *Gymnocladus* (Leguminosae) comprises five species [@pone.0087287-Roskov1] distributed in the Eastern North America and Eastern Asia [@pone.0087287-Lee1], and considered to have originated in the Eastern Asia during the Eocene and migrated across the Bering land bridge to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
***Background.*** Children with underlying chronic conditions are sub-optimally vaccinated against influenza, even if influenza vaccines (IV) are publicly funded. Since 2012, the province of Quebec has recommended live-attenuated IV (LAIV) as the preferred vaccine for children with non-immunocompromising conditions. Fo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Pterygium is a common ocular surface disease with the characteristics of triangle shape pathologic tissue of fibrovascular neoformation, which orig... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Biological context {#Sec1}
==================
The *Bacillus subtilisxpt*-*pbuX*-mRNA guanine riboswitch, which is representative of all known purine riboswitches, regulates transcription by binding guanine with high specificity (Mandal et al. [@CR5]). mRNA transcription can be completed when no guanine is present, how... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Aminoglycosides (AG) play an important and adjunctive role in the treatment of life-threatening infections owing to their synergetic and broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. This group of antibiotics bind to the ribosomes of the bacteria thereby leadi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
*Staphylococcus aureus* infections of the bloodstream or deep wound are a serious complication of major surgeries, including cardiothoracic and orthopedic surgery, resulting in significant morbidity and mo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Sepsis-associated encephalopathy is defined as a diffuse cerebral dysfunction induced by the systemic response to the infection without clinical or laboratory evidence of direct infectious involvement of the central nervous system \[[@B1]\]. Previous clinical observations have shown that the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction
============
Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and most aggressive primary brain tumor, accounting for more than 50% of all gliomas. Despite aggressive surgery, chemotherapy and radiotherapy, the mean overall survival achieved for GBM patients is less than 18 months [@B1]. Consequently, sub... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Global seaweed production, largely derived from aquaculture (96.5 percent by volume of the wild-collected and cultivated aquatic plants combined), has changed considerably since 2005^[@CR1]^. This production increased from 13 million in 2005 to reach 30 million tons (live weight) in 2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Some of the low level radioactive waste (LLW) from reprocessing of spent nuclear fuel is planned to be disposed of in a purpose built repository at a depth of more than 300 m in the geosphere (geological disposal). In such LLW, nitrates can be present in the form of soluble salts and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Aerosol transmission of *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* during active pulmonary disease results in exposure of a substantial proportion of the global population, although only a fraction of individuals develop clinical tuberculosis (de Jong *et al*., [@b11]). Based on priming of an antigen-speci... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-09-00576}
===============
A one-day workshop was convened in Marrakesh (Morocco) in October 2016 to discuss issues around iron interventions in Africa, with a focus on iron fortification. Iron deficiency (ID) is the most common nutritional disorder in the world and estimates have attri... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Enterococci are official fecal indicator bacteria (FIB) in many countries for determining the bathing water quality and monitoring with the intention to protect swimmers from exposure to enteric pathogens ([@B1], [@B2]). An ideal FIB has a similar decay rate to enteric pathogens ([@B3])... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
EUS-guided biliary drainage has been widely attempted for failed endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography.\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] For patients with surgically altered anatomy such as the Roux-en-Y procedure, EUS-guided hepaticojejunostomy (HJS) is performed. A covered self-expandable metal stent with a long length is ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is an established treatment of severe aortic stenosis for elderly patients with high and intermediate surgical risk.[@suaa098-B1]^,^[@suaa098-B2] Ongoing studies aim to expand the indications for TAVI towards patients with lower risk, younger age... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Despite major advances in early detection and treatment, breast cancer remains the most frequently diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. Strategies targeting the primary tumour have markedly improved in the past decade, but systemic treatments to prevent metastasis are less effectiv... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .320}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#ss1}
============
Diabetes is increasing in Japan to levels that are comparable with those of other countries, and a recent publication reported that the number of individuals 'strongly suspected of having diabetes' in Japan was approximately 8.9 million in 2007[^1^](#b1){ref-type="ref"}. Type 2 diabete... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
There is a growing interest in the patterns and processes associated with geographical variation in population genetic structure across species' ranges since these often shift, expand and contract over tim... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Invasive cervical cancer (ICC) is the fourth most common malignancy among women worldwide, with an estimated 528,000 new cases and 266,000 deaths in 2012 and with 87% of cervical cancer deaths occurring in less developed regions \[[@R1]\]. Among Mexican women, ICC is the second most com... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
M*ycobacterium leprae* is the main causative agent of leprosy, a disease that affects the skin, nerves, and mucosa of the upper respiratory tract in humans^[@CR1]^. A second, distantly related leprosy bacillus, *Mycobacterium lepromatosis*, was recently discovered in humans and red sq... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Bladder cancer (BC) is the 9th most common cancer worldwide, and the 4th most common cancer in more developed world \[[@R1]--[@R3]\]. In the last years, BC risk has been linked to the smoking, to the occupational exposures \[[@R4]\], to the use of drugs like cyclophosphamide or chlornap... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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