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Background {#Sec1}
==========
Bacterial leaf blight (BLB) is one of the most devastating diseases on rice, causing annual yield losses up to 60% \[[@CR1]\]. The causal agent, *Xanthomonas oryzae* pv. *oryzae* (*Xoo*) is a rod-shaped, obligately aerobic, gram-negative bacterium that is motile by means of a single polar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dr. Al-Mendalawi is right in mentioning that urine AFB is not the ideal test to justify genitourinary TB, but the idea was to look into factors attributing to misdiagnosis of nephrotic syndrome in patients with chyluria and how hazardous it can be, but the comments are well taken.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Survival rates of children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) and acute myeloid leukemia (AML) currently range from 83% to 94% and 60% to 65%, respectively \[[@B1]\]. The survival rates have improved remarkably over the past decades, largely due to conventional chemotherapy... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For background to and applications of pyrrole derivatives, see: Fischer & Orth (1934[@bb2]). For the Knoevenagel condensation reaction and its applications, see: Knoevenagel (1898[@bb4]); Bigi *et al.* (1999[@bb1]). For the synthesis of related compounds, see: Knizhnikov *... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For the biological activities of Schiff base complexes, see: Cukurovali *et al.* (2002[@bb2]); Tarafder *et al.* (2002[@bb7]); Ali *et al.* (2002[@bb1]). For halogen--halogen interactions, see: Saruma *et al.* (1986[@bb4]); Moorthy *et al.* (2002[@bb3]).
Experimental {#s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Oxygen consumption rate (OCR) measurements are one of the preferred methods for mitochondrial function or dysfunction evaluation in cultured cells (for reviews see \[[@pone.0150967.ref001]\], \[[@pone.0150... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information file.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Green mold, caused by *Penicillium digitatum* (Pers.: Fr.) Sacc., is the most destructive postharvest disease of citrus fruits. The disease causes severe losses of citrus fruits during packaging, storage, t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Various approaches have been taken to analyse regulatory networks in the last few years. One such approach is *in silico*simulation of fluctuations in network components when the network is perturbed \[[@B1]\]. Comparing *in silico*results with experimental outputs may highlight the relevance of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
I[NTRODUCTION]{.smallcaps} {#sec1-1}
==========================
World\'s population is aging rapidly, both in developing and the developed countries. Similar pattern is noted in the proportion of persons aged 80 years or more. Accordingly, a recent report by United Nations showed that the proportion of patients aged m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
West Nile virus (family *Flaviviridae*, genus *Flavivirus*, WNV) was first identified in North America in New York City during the summer of 1999 (ref. [@b1]) and by 2003 had spread throughout the continent and established itself as the leading cause of domestically acquired arthropod-borne viral (arboviral) disease in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#Sec1}
============
In Japan, as in most developed countries, the prevalence of allergy, including atopic dermatitis (AD), food allergy (FA), asthma, and allergic rhinitis, among infants has increased in recent years and is a serious health problem \[[@CR1]\]. The "allergic march," which was first propos... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Inland waters are sentinels and integrators of terrestrial and atmospheric processes [@pone.0035891-Williamson1]. They represent hotspots for the transport and processing of organic and inorganic material drained from the surrounding terrestrial landscape. In terms of magnitude, the amo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
**Abbreviations**
Abra: actin-binding Rho activating protein; ABP: actin-binding protein; CNS: central nervous system
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Actin-binding Rho activating protein (Abra) (also known as STARS), a novel and evolutionarily conserved actin-binding protein (ABP), binds to the I-band of the sar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Although significant progress has been made in terms of prevention, chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) remains a potentially severe and distressing adverse effect of cancer treatment. Uncontrolled CINV may limit the dose intensity of chemotherapy and seriously compromise the pati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Background {#Sec1}
==========
Schistosomiasis is a chronic parasitic disease caused by blood flukes (trematode worms) of the genus *Schistosoma*. There are two major forms of schistosomiasis---intestinal and urogenital. Species (with their geographical distributions) causing intestinal forms are *Schistosoma mansoni* ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-21-04011}
===============
Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a multidomain protein that consists of four polypeptide chains. Two identical heavy chains and two identical light chains form a Y-shaped molecule connected by disulfide bonds ([Figure 1](#ijms-21-04011-f001){ref-type="fig"}a). While the h... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has engulfed the world since December 2019. Since then, many studies have focused on the impact that lifestyle and dietary intake of nutrients have on immune system and respiratory tract infections. The su... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
A violation of human rights with health and development impacts \[[@B1]\], violence against women is a global public health concern \[[@B2]\]. Intimate partner violence (IPV), defined as "behaviour within an intimate relationship that causes physical, sexual or psychological harm, including acts ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The gut epithelium and its associated microorganisms provide an important barrier that protects animals from the external environment. This barrier serves both to prevent invasion by potential pathogens and limit the elicitation of host responses to the resident microbiota \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Dysfun... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Brittle Cornea Syndrome is an autosomal recessive disorder that is characterized by corneal thinning and blue sclera \[[@B1]\]. This places the patient at an increased risk of spontaneous rupture or rupture due to minor trauma. Due to the severity of the corneoscleral thinning, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The nature of dental clinical work could predispose dentists to diverse occupational hazards^[@r08]^, among which musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) have been most frequently reported^[@r02],[@r03],[@r09],[@r17]^. In typical clinical settings, dental practitioners frequently adopt unfavorable p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Tuberculosis (TB) remains a major global public health problem. It causes illness among millions of people each year and is ranked as the second leading cause of death from an infectious disease worldwide \[[@CR1]\]. Globally around 8.6 million new TB cases in 2012 were reported and 1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
An 82-year-old woman with abdominal pain for the preceding 6 months was referred for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) to evaluate the presence of pancreatic cancer. The patient had a history of diabetes and hypertension. A computed tomography (CT) scan showed a nodular image on the pancreatic body, hypovascularized, measuri... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
*The atomic coordinates and structure factors (code 3few) have been deposited in the Protein Data Bank, Research Collaboratory for Structural Bioinformatics, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ (<http://www.rcsb.org/>).*
This work was supported by the Max Planck Society and by German Science Foundation Grant SFB766/... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Billions to millions of human beingshave been infected with hepatitis viruses capable of inducing of chronic liver diseases. Additionally, an undefined number of patientsare prone to develop chronic liver diseases due to several other non-viral etiologies. Thus, about 500 million people are a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Sir,
We read with interest Bahrami *et al*.\'s article which has been recently published in your journal.\[[@ref1]\] However, we noted some points in their study which are worth discussing.
First of all, it seems that the researchers conducted a peer counseling intervention instead of nursing consultation. There... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-jcm-09-00555}
===============
Respiratory symptoms have a significant influence on the daily life of children with asthma \[[@B1-jcm-09-00555],[@B2-jcm-09-00555]\]. In the management of asthma, monitoring of both the asthma control and the quality of life (QoL) is important. International guidel... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Marine systems have been and will continue to be impacted by climate change across all habitats, latitudes, and trophic levels (Hoegh-Guldberg and Bruno [@CR58]; Richardson et al. [@CR88]; Poloczanska et al. [@CR86]; Rhein et al. [@CR87]). These impacts trickle up to the fisheries tha... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Ethical Publication Statement
=============================
We confirm that we have read the Journal's position on issues involved in ethical publication and affirm that this report is consistent with those guidelines.
**C**arpal Tunnel Syndrome(CTS) is one of the most common disorders of the upper limb resulting fro... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a pleiotropic cytokine produced by several cell types, such as immune cells, adipocytes, myocytes, and endothelial cells. Although IL-6 was initially identified as an immuno-modulatory cytokine secreted from macrophages, several previous studies revealed that IL-6 also has significant impacts on... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Commonly reported short-term complications following kidney transplant include postoperative hemorrhage, thrombosis, urine leak, ureteral stricture, and acute rejection \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. Thrombosis can occur from intrinsic mediators or extrinsic factors that compromise vascular ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Malignancies are one of the most serious diseases that damage human health in the modern world. Although the efficacy of chemotherapy for the majority of cancer types has improved over the last three decades, the high toxic effects of chemotherapeutic drugs, causing a severe reduction i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. INTRODUCTION {#sec1}
================
There has been a global push in the last decade to improve gender diversity in both the public and private workforce sectors. Furthermore, there is ample evidence suggesting that healthcare systems with greater gender parity are better organized and have effective clinical out... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. INTRODUCTION {#sec1}
===============
Multimodal image registration plays a significant role in medical image processing such as medical diagnosis, therapeutic planning and assessment \[[@B1]\]. MI has proved to be an effective criterion for the multimodal medical image registration \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. However, even w... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
At present, there is an evolving dichotomy in the landscape of oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) with human papillomavirus (HPV) emerging as an important risk factor for the development of the disease. Conversely, the influence of traditional risk factors (smoking and alcohol) and incidence of HPV-negative ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
The manifestation of disease depends on interactions between the host and pathogen, in relation to the environment of the host. Pathogens can directly or indirectly affect other pathogens when co-infecting a host, and these microbial interactions can, in themselves, positively o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
It has been reported that reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in several vascular diseases, including endothelial dysfunction and atherosclerosis ([@b1-etm-04-03-0545]). Uncoupling protein 2 (UCP2) belongs to the mitochondrial anion carrier family and is expressed in several types of c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The use of complementary medicines in Australia has become commonplace. In 2002 it was estimated that 52% of the Australian population had used at least one non-physician-prescribed complementary medicine in the previous year\[[@B1]\]. These medicines are widely available from many sources includ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Although hospitals are a recent institution in Brazil (less than 100 years), it is a fact that, nowadays, in our country, families use children's hospitals for childcare. Even more recent are the playrooms inside children's hospitals. The importance of play was recognized only in 2005, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Medication safety in older adults is a growing concern, particularly in those with chronic kidney disease (CKD). Although new CKD estimating equations such as the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) Study equation \[[@B1]\] and Chronic Kidney Disease Epidemiology Collaboratio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Editor,
Once again, a virus has jumped the species barrier. Coronavirus 2019-nCoV emerged apparently in a wet market in China, and after a few weeks the number of cases already exceeds those of SARS in 2002/03 ([Fig. 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}) \[[@bib1]\] in terms of both morbidity and mortality. Excellent public... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Young people are a vulnerable sub-population with regard to HIV and related sexual risk behaviours. According to the 2006 population and housing census in Nigeria, young people between 10 and 24 years constitute 31.7% of the 140 million population of the country \[[@CR1]\]. In 2010, nearl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Although several mammalian species have been successfully cloned using somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT) technology \[[@pone.0134567.ref001]--[@pone.0134567.ref003]\], its success rate remains extremely... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
In the largest case series of orbital tumors to date, 91 of 1264 (7%) were metastatic \[[@B1]\]. The most common primary carcinomas that metastasize to the orbit are breast, prostate, and lung \[[@B2]\]. Orbital metastases carry a poor prognosis with an overall mean survival of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
C. N. Receno, T. G. Glausen, L. R. DeRuisseau. Saline as a vehicle control does not alter ventilation in male CD‐1 mice. Physiol Rep, 6 (10), 2018, e13702, <https://doi.org/10.14814/phy2.13702>
**Funding Information**
Le Moyne College Biological Sciences Department, Le Moyne College Student Research Committee, Le Moy... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
As cases of spinal surgery increase, the number of revision cases also increases. Cases with prior posterior lumbar fusion have several challenges, including epidural scar tissues, fibrosis, and anatomical changes. In particular, when the removal of interbody devices is required, going throug... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S1}
============
Stem cell-based clinical applications require both a large quantity of cells and an effective expansion technology with a reproducible differentiation protocol for bone formation and regeneration of large skeletal defects. Multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPC) are a bone marrow subp... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.96}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Steady muscle contraction is maintained by a continuous drive from the cortex to spinal motoneurons and by fine motor adjustments according to proprioceptive feedback ([@B67]). Still, we do not know how the brain integrates this proprioceptive feedback to affect motor control.
During steady ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Editor,
We thank Pellicelli *et al*,\[[@CIT1]\] for his keen interest and comments on our article on ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL) in northeast Indian population.\[[@CIT2]\]
We fully agree that primary extranodal marginal zone B-cell lymphoma of mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue type (MALT) is the most frequent ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Levosulpiride is the levo-enantiomer of sulpiride, a well-known antiemetic, antidyspeptic and antipsychotic drug^[@b1-kjim-13-1-15-3])^. It has shown greater central antidopaminergic activity, antiemetic and antidyspeptic effects and lower acute toxicity than both the racemic and dextro forms... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
It is believed that the incidence of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) will substantially increase in the next decades with the fast growth of the elderly population in developed countries \[[@CR1]\]. It is estimated that 41 % of women aged 50--79 will present with some degree of POP at, wi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Preventing excessive weight gain and the management of overweight conditions has been the subject of government guidelines and research projects in recent years. Worldwide obesity has nearly tripled since 1975 ([@bb0220]). [@bb0220] define overweight and obesity as: "Abnormal o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The subject of ethics dumping has been discussed within the European literature and in our article in the journal *Bioética y Derecho* as the ethically complex situation in which clinical trials from sponsors from high income countries (HICs) are conducted in low and middle-income cou... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Plant growth, development, and morphogenesis are intimately associated with the dynamics of both microtubule and actin microfilament cytoskeletons (see, for example, [@CIT0048]). Plant cell morphogenesis depends on mechanical properties of the cell wall, determined by organization of th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Individuals often respond differently when put in the same exact situation. For example, if two individuals were put into a crowded social situation with strangers, they might behave very differently. One person might experience that situation as stressful and negatively arousing, and might cope by behaving quietly and... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Subcorneal pustular dermatosis (SPD), also known as Sneddon-Wilkinson disease, can be classified as one of the neutrophilic dermatoses (NDs) together with pyoderma gangrenosum (PG). The development of both SPD and PG in the same patient has rarely been reported and may be a strong i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec1-sensors-20-00579}
===============
Chemical gas sensors based on oxide materials are among the most studied structures for the manufacturing of high-performance sensing systems. The electrical properties of metal oxides are changed due to the adsorption/desorption processes of different gases on ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is the most common form of muscular dystrophy affecting adults and is due to trinucleotide sequence (CTG) in the 3′ UTR region of DMPK gene located at 19q13.3 chromosome. The increased levels of ROS/free radicals and lipid peroxides and decreased antioxidant levels... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase MGAT1 (GlcNAc-TI or GnT-1) catalyzes the transfer of GlcNAc from UDP-GlcNAc to Man~5~GlcNAc~2~Asn of glycoproteins in the medial Golgi to initiate the synthesis of complex and hybrid N-glycans ([@bib29]; [@bib35]; [@bib20]). In experiments to identify... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
EAAP is the International Federation of Animal Science for Europe and the Mediterranean.
Join EAAP and become a member of the most exciting international animal science network and have access to many services that are indispensible for animal scientists worldwide.
More information about the EAAP and its activities c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Hantaviruses (HTV) belong to the *Hantavirus* genus of the Bunyaviridae family [@pone.0088183-Schmaljohn1], and are rodent-borne, enveloped RNA viruses consisting of three single-stranded RNA segments, M (medium), S (small) and L (large), which encode the glycoproteins GP, Gn and Gc, nu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The structural and connectional heterogeneity of cortical sulcal and gyral regions is well known in the context of laminar deformation (Welker, [@B53]) and, more recently, in the context of what may be increased axonal fiber density near the gyral crowns (e.g., Nie et al., [@B34]; Deng ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Anal incontinence is a multi-factorial disease, associating various causes such as anal sphincter defects, pelvic nerve lesions and anatomical pelvic floor disorders. Endo-anal ultrasonography allows the identification of anal sphincter defects \[[@B1],[@B2]\]; we have also observed that patients... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
In recent decades, an increasing number of severely ill people have chosen to end their lives in their own homes. To end one\'s life in dignity at home often requires specialized nursing care (Helme, [@CIT0021]). In palliative care, the caring relationship is upheld as one condition ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0001}
===============
The World Health Organization (WHO) as on January 30, 2020 has announced 2019--2020 corona-genomic-virus a public health-emergency of international concern that can be abbreviated as PHEIC. Situation further worsened worldwide which was declared pandemic on March 11, 2020. Ti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Letter to the Editor {#h0.0}
====================
In their recent paper, Peter Palese and Taia T. Wang proposed a hypothesis to explain how an older circulating subtype of influenza A virus is replaced with a novel subtype ([@B1]). They and others also published experimental evidence supporting their hypothesis on the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Legha A, Riley RD, Ensor J, Snell KIE, Morris TP, Burke DL. Individual participant data meta‐analysis of continuous outcomes: A comparison of approaches for specifying and estimating one‐stage models. Statistics in Medicine. 2018;37:4404--4420. 10.1002/sim.7930 30101507
1. INTRODUCTION {#sim7930-sec-0001}
============... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The WHO 2017 World Malaria Report showed significant successes in malaria control in various countries, but with an overall slight increase in malaria cases and deaths relative to the previous year \[[@CR1]\]. Over the past decades, LLINs and IRS have been widely used alongside improved d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
TCTP, also known as Fortilin/Histamine Releasing Factor (HRF), was first discovered over two decades ago as a growth promoting factor in Ehrlich ascites tumor [@pone.0042642-Yenofsky1]. Since then, a diverse range of biological functions have been attributed to the protein including ess... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
We read with great interest the excellent research by Kunyu Yang and colleagues[@bib1] in *The Lancet Oncology*. The results indicated that receiving chemotherapy within 4 weeks before symptom onset was associated with increased odds of death (odds ratio \[OR\] 3·51, 95% CI 1·16--10·59; p=0·026) in patients with cancer... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Misfolding of some proteins occurs during biosynthesis, especially the complex secretory and transmembrane proteins assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). As part of normal cellular housekeeping, a complex molecular network has evolved to promote proper folding, and identify and degrade misfolded proteins. Howeve... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Obesity is the result of the accumulation of excessive amounts of fat in adipose tissue. Obesity is linked to many risk factors, including cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, and dyslipidemia \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The prevalence of obesity a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The data underlying the results presented in the study are available from <https://www.europeansocialsurvey.org/>; <https://qog.pol.gu.se/>; <https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/regions/data/database>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Most of our daily social interactions involve anonymous others of which we know no... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Disclosure {#j_med-2020-0031_s_100}
==========
The authors have declared that there are no conflicts of interest.
1. Introduction {#j_med-2020-0031_s_001}
===============
The regeneration of tissue at the site of injury or wounds caused by diseases such as diabetes is a challenging task in the field of biomedical sc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Domesticated crops are among the most evolutionarily successful species in the world. From geographically restricted centers of origin, many domesticated species have dramatically and rapidly expanded their ranges, adapting to new environments and cultures within the span of a few hundred to thousands of generations. T... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. The risk of incident tuberculosis during anti-TNF therapy
============================================================
Therapeutic blockade of tumour necrosis factor alpha (TNF) has emerged as an effective treatment in immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID) such as rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Glioma is the most common and aggressive malignant primary brain tumor in humans, especially in adults, accoun... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#S1}
===============
Majority of chemical reactions are associated with absorption or release of energy in the form of heat. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measures this heat, and thus the energy of a reaction directly as reactants are mixed in the instrument cell. Over the last several decade... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Extreme outdoor temperatures have been reported to increase mortality in many parts of the world \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. For example, a heatwave caused 70,000 deaths in Europe in 2003 \[[@CR4]\], and a cold spell caused 140,000 deaths in China in 2008 \[[@CR5]\]. Outdoor temperatures may also... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Cryoballoon has proven to be a formidable competitor in the field of novel technologies for the ablation of atrial fibrillation (AF). Several reports have shown this technique to be safe and effective in treating AF, with 59--74% freedom of paroxysmal AF and 42% of persistent AF, for more than 1 year. Its major complic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Previous studies have indicated that ischemic heart disease is a major cause of death in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD),[@b1-copd-10-309],[@b2-copd-10-309] suggesting that acute myocardial infarction should be differentiated from or identified in coexistence with a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section1-2398212818816019}
============
The relationship between subjective conscious experience and its biophysical basis has always been a defining question for the mind and brain sciences. But, at various times since the beginnings of neuroscience as a discipline, the explicit study of consciousness ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#sec1}
============
Downhill varices of the esophagus have been described as a rare cause of upper gastrointestinal tract hemorrhage. These varices are generally related to occlusion of the superior vena cava (SVC), which leads to blood flowing "downhill" through the azygous vein and esophageal venous pl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
THE ROLE OF MITOCHONDRIAL DYSFUNCTION IN PD PATHOGENESIS {#sec0005}
========================================================
Mitochondria are energy producing organelles that are enclosed by a double membrane and form a complex and highly dynamic network regulated by constant fission and fusion \[[@ref001]\]. An elect... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Islands have long fascinated biogeographers, ecologists, and evolutionary biologists, as they provide insights into the mechanisms that shape biological diversity ([@b24]; [@b1]; [@b10]; [@b20]). Island biogeography theory encompasses the biota of oceanic islands, isolated continental habitat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Schizophrenia is a complex, highly debilitating disorder with profound and disruptive psychopathology that involves cognition, emotion, perception and other aspects of behaviour and accounts for 1.1 per cent of the disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 2.8 per cent of years lived in disability (YLDs)[@ref1]. Van K... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
*Candida albicans*is a very common fungus found within the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, as well as on the surface of skins \[[@B1]\]. It exists within humans in a commensal relationship, where it benefits without causing damage \[[@B2]\]. However, individuals with ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0001}
===============
Despite numerous health benefits, adolescents' physical activity (PA) levels have been declining in many countries. In New Zealand, PA participation is satisfactory in children but not in adolescents.[@bib0001] Declining PA opportunities and increasing sedentary behaviors (e.... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
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Current technologies \[[@B1]\] like two-hybrid screening can find protein interactions, leading to protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks, but cannot decide the direction of the interaction. This can be complemented by gene knock-out experiments which constitute a way to determine causal rela... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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In recent years, virtual reality (VR) technology has attracted attention, demonstrating its utility and potency in the field of neuroscience and neuropsychology (Rizzo et al., [@B86]; Bohil et al., [@B10]; Parsons, [@B69]). Traditional approaches in human neuroscience involve the utiliz... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Electrical injuries on abdominal wall are uncommon, but associated with high mortality, especially delayed gastrointestinal perforation and peritonitis complicated after the visceral organ injury.^\[[@R1],[@R2]\]^ The prognosis of visceral organ injury is related to early diagnosis and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-12-02198}
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1.1. Background {#sec1dot1-nutrients-12-02198}
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Sleep is not only necessary for recovery from physical and mental illness, but is also essential for a range of brain functions such as neural cell growth, synaptogenesis and memory function \[[@B... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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