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INTRODUCTION
============
Color matching would be one of the essential factor to achieve good esthetic results of dental restorations. The perceived color can be determined by complex phenomena, such as specular transmission, specular reflection, diffuse light reflection, absorption, and scattering as a result of ligh... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dengue is an acute febrile disease transmitted by the mosquito-borne dengue virus. It is a self-limiting illness, characterised by fever, myalgia, headache and rash, and its severe forms (hemorrhagic fever and shock syndrome) may lead to multisystem involvement and death (National Centre for Biotechnology Information: ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Physical exercise has beneficial effects on neuroplasticity and cognition \[[@B1]\]. The largest and most reliable effects have been reported for executive functions \[[@B2]\]. Recent studies have suggested that memory might benefit from physical exercise as well \[[@B3]--[@B6]\... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
A diffuse endotheliopathy, affecting all organ systems, contributes to microvascular complications in diabetes. Diabetic nephropathy (DN) begins soon after diabetes diagnosis with a possible genetic predisposition ([@B1]). DN is the leading cause of end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in Western countries and accounts for \... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The most common chronic and currently regarded as potentially irreversible disease that affects the joints is osteoarthritis (OA) \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The constantly growing number of causes for the development of the disease includes, for example, genetic predisposition, aging, ob... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
*Legionella pneumophila* has been found worldwide to be a relatively common pulmonary pathogen of severe community-acquired or nosocomial pneumonia^[@CR1]--[@CR3]^. *Legionella* infections in humans occur via inhalation of bacteria-containing aerosols, thus, the source of *Legionella*... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Heterotopic ossification (HO) is defined as the formation of mature lamellar bone in soft tissue sites outside the skeletal periosteum. HO has been recognized to occur in many distinct contexts such as neurologic injury, trauma, and genetic abnormalities. However, the most common site i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#s0001}
================
The development of vaccines has come along far since the key contributions involving antiviral therapies and the development of vaccines against various infectious diseases made by Alexandre Mikhailovich Besredka (1870--1940). Besredka was a French biologist and immunologist ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Spinal cord injury may cause diverse problems, such as motor impairment, sensory impairment, respiratory dysfunction, deep vein thrombosis, chronic pain and spasticity.[@B1] Most cases of the spinal cord injury occur because of the major trauma. However, if there are risk factors, they might ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
Realistic 3D building facade models are beneficial to various fields such as urban planning, heritage documentation and computer games. A manual reconstruction process can be rather time-consuming and inaccurate. The operators need to interpret the reference data, draw boundary repres... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Can advances in neuroscience be harnessed to enhance human moral capacities? And if so, should they? De Grazia explores these questions in 'Moral Enhancement, Freedom, and What We (Should) Value in Moral Behaviour'.[@medethics-2012-101096_R1] Here, I offer a neuroscientist\'s perspective on the state of the art of mora... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
According to the studies, breast cancer has been recently one of the commonest types of cancer with continuous prevalence throughout the world. Moreover, this cancer is the main cause of cancer-associated deaths among women (Pedraza et al., 2012). Considering the previous investigations, an a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-biomolecules-10-00832}
===============
Plants must adapt to continuous changes in their environments, such as variations in temperature, light, water status, nutrient availability, and pathogen attacks \[[@B1-biomolecules-10-00832]\]. Many of these responses, and developmental processes, are con... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background
=============
Ovarian cancer is the fourth most frequent cause of cancer death and the most lethal of all gynecologic tumors in women ([@A2332REF1]). Estrogens are implicated in tumor progression by increasing cell proliferation as well as promoting invasion or cell mobility. Although circulating levels ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Cervical cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed cancer and the fourth leading cause of cancer-related death in women \[[@pone.0137743.ref001]\]. Advanced International Federation of Gynecology and Obs... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Superfoetation implies fertilization and subsequent development of an ovum when a foetus is already present in the uterus. Growth discordance in multiple pregnancies due to placental insufficiency, twin to twin transfusion or aneuploidy need to be differentiated from superfoetation. In most insta... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Breast ultrasonic elastography has become a routine tool in addition to conventional B-mode ultrasound (US) during the last few years. Although strain elastography with freehand compression was demonstrated useful for differential diagnosis of breast lesions, with sensitivity of 79% to ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Stem cells undergo self-renewal to maintain tissues with rapid turnover, regenerate damaged tissues, and ensure optimal tissue and organ function. Stem cells are controlled by multiple layers of regulation, in response to local, systemic, and environmental factors (Drummond-Barbosa, [@b7]). A... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Many women in the age group from 20--30 years who are living in high-resource countries postpone childbearing. Studies from these countries report that women wait to have children because they want to establish independence through education, stay active in the labor market \[[@B1],[@B2]\], reach... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Prostate cancer (PC) is a slowly developed malignancy among men that could become more aggressive in response to androgen blockade.^\[[@R1]\]^ PC is the most prevalent nonskin cancer and the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men.^\[[@R2]\]^ Although effective surgical and... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Male breast cancer (BC) is a rare disease and accounts for less than 1% of all BCs. Knowledge of this disease is limited and mainly derives from small single-institution retrospective studies with contradictory results. The management of male patients with BC is generalised from the management of BC in women.
However,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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The incidence of vascular injury caused by a central venous catheter (CVC) has been reported to be a rare complication with an incidence of 0.17% \[[@B1]\]. But the vascular injury, especially delays in recognition of the injury can be fatal with mortality rates as high as 78% because serious complications can be occur... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Over a lifetime, behaviours are shaped by a vast number of external inputs and the internal state of the animal; timing is a critical component of this process. For example, experiences like predation threat or social stress elicit rapid behavioural responses, but also influence the p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Supplemental Material is available online (<https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP823>).
The authors declare they have no actual or potential competing financial interests.
**Note to readers with disabilities:** *EHP* strives to ensure that all journal content is accessible to all readers. However, some figures and Supplemental... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-17-05341}
===============
Type 2 Diabetes (T2D) is a rising public health problem worldwide, specifically within the Chilean adult population. On a global scale, T2D affects 1 in 11 adults between the ages of 20 and 79 years old (currently 425 million adults worldwide live with diabetes) ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The sequence data was deposited in the form of combined paired end reads (contigs) on the Metagenomics RAST (MG-RAST) database server (<http://metagenomics.anl.gov/>) under the project access number mgp85661 (<https://www.mg-rast.org/linkin.cgi?project=mgp85661>). Seven samples (all fungal ITS2 metagenomes) did not mee... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Aydın F, Çakar N, Özçakar ZB, et al. Clinical features and disease severity of Turkish FMF children carrying E148Q mutation. J Clin Lab Anal. 2019;33:e22852 10.1002/jcla.22852 30714637
1. INTRODUCTION {#jcla22852-sec-0005}
===============
Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF OMIM no. \*608107) is an inherited autoinflam... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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1. Introduction {#s0005}
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In late December 2019, a cluster of pneumonia cases were reported in Wuhan, China and the origin of it were unknown. It caused an alarming signal among the health officials. Later on a notification was made to World Health Organization (WHO) about the virus spread. Coronavirus ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the fourth most common cancer in the United States, with an estimated 135,430 new cases diagnosed in 2017 and 50,260 deaths in the same year^[@CR1]^. While the overall survival (OS) at 5 years is 65%, in patients with metastatic disease this rate drops to 14... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Secondary forests account for most forest cover in the world \[[@pone.0194032.ref001]\], and their extension and importance are likely to increase in the future \[[@pone.0194032.ref002]\]. During secondary... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The diversity of infectious disease threats currently facing humanity is unprecedented. The introduction of potent antimicrobial agents and vaccines into modern medicine\'s arsenal in the last century inspired an overly optimistic prediction of our ability to control or even eradicate specific infectious diseases. This... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Vegetable oils, in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG), are an important global commodity with over 150 million tonnes being produced every year (FAO, [@B7]), which has remained relatively constant over recent years. Vegetable oils are an essential resource for various industries includin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec009}
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The success of *in-vitro* fertilization (IVF) depends on an adequate follicle recruitment by using ovarian stimulation with gonadotrophins. Unfortunately early reports suggest that the incidence of poor ovarian response (POR) ranges from 9% t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
Lipid membranes are a universal component of cellular organisms that separate the cell\'s interior from its exterior environment. They possess many unique features such as the ability to self-assemble in aqueous environments, incorporate various functional proteins or adapt to v... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The human SNURF-SNRPN domain located at 15q11q13 (murine 7qC) is subject to genomic imprinting controlled by a bipartite imprinting centre (IC)[@b1] ([Fig. 1](#f1){ref-type="fig"}). This region spans 3--4 Mbp, and is considered to be the largest human imprinting cluster identified thus far. Imprinting defects or chromo... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Description {#s1}
===========
Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are short (1-5 bp long) DNA elements which are repeated tandemly having extensive coverage over the entire genome. Compared to other neutral regions of DNA, Microsatellites show a high level of length polymorphism due to an increased rate ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Plants have developed a complex and multilayered immune system to detect and ward off invasions by diverse microbial pathogens. The first line of a plant's surveillance system invokes the recognition of conserved molecules derived from diverse groups of microbes, also known as microbe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
This editorial is an overview of the articles published in the history of the *Journal of the Korean Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons* (JKSPRS), the antecedent of the *Archives of Plastic Surgery* (APS), since its first issue in 1974. The main role of a scientific journal should be to deliver cutting edge... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Pesce L, Cozzolino M, Lanzanò L, Diaspro A, Bianchini P. Measuring expansion from macro‐ to nanoscale using NPC as intrinsic reporter. J. Biophotonics. 2019;12:e201900018. 10.1002/jbio.201900018
1. INTRODUCTION {#jbio201900018-sec-0001}
===============
Expansion microscopy (ExM) is a comparatively new approach to sup... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Protein-Protein interactions play an important role in the recognition of numerous biological processes and biomacromolecules (Pawson and Nash, [@B35]; Wang et al., [@B58]; Keskin et al., [@B27]). Investigating protein-protein interactions at the atomic level via MD simulation can yield... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction
================
Data acquisition (DAQ) is the process of measuring an electrical or physical phenomenon using a computer. The complete DAQ system consists of sensors, DAQ hardware, and a computer with programmable software. The sensor performs a conversion of the physical phenomenon into an electrica... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Historically, the enterobacterial phytopathogen *Pectobacterium atrosepticum* was considered the primary pathogen responsible for the rotting or wilting of stems on growing potato plants, referred to as blackleg ([@B39]). Recent surveys to identify the source of blackleg symptoms in the field... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Because the brain generates and sustains mental states, it seems possible that neuroimaging techniques could reveal the content of these states and 'read' the mind. Gerben Meynen explores how brain-based mind reading (BMR) could be a technique in forensic psychiatry to 'assess defendants, prisoners, and possibly also p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
*Trichoderma* spp. are some of the most widely distributed plant growth-promoting microbes (PGPM) in agroecosystems worldwide \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\], and they exhibit extremely high levels of ecological adaptability through their symbiotic colonization of plants and saprophytic existence in a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Stable health insurance coverage is often associated with better chronic disease outcomes (e.g., hypertension) by ensuring consistent access to outpatient services including detection of disease, disease monitoring, and medications, \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. The literature, however, has include... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The hindbrain contains a broad neuronal diversity essential for survival in all vertebrates [@pone.0005944-Nieuwenhuys1], [@pone.0005944-Bass1]. Comparative developmental studies have shown it to be subdivided into segments, or [r]{.ul}hombomeres, wherein serial repeats give rise to spe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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We have devoted three HST observing programs to studies of the rings, ring-arcs, and small inner moons of Neptune. We used the High Resolution Channel (HRC) of the Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) in 2004--2005 and the Ultraviolet/Visual Imager (UVIS) of Wide Field Channel 3 (WFC3) in 2009 and 2016. Hippocamp, also de... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The purpose of medical simulations is for students and professionals to practice skills in a safe environment without risk to patients and to transfer the lessons learned to clinical practice \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. The conditions for transfer rely on the assumption that there is a relevant r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
As part of AP&T\'s peer‐review process, a technical check of this meta‐analysis was performed by Dr Y Yuan. The Handling Editor for this article was Professor Roy Pounder, and it was accepted for publication after full peer‐review.
Introduction {#apt13928-sec-0006}
============
Small intestinal bacterial overgrowth (... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Hard corona (HC) protein, i.e., proteins that are strongly associated with the surface of nanomaterials in biological environments, has drawn much attention in the field of nanomedicine.\[[@R1]--[@R3]\] HC profiles critically affect the nanomedicine stealth effect,\[[@R3]\] cellular uptake,\[[@R4]\] nanoparticle pathop... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Genetically fixed cultivars of autogamous crops are generally bred through two-way crosses and genetic fixation by selfing, followed by selection. However, the applicability of this method is critically limited by the number of available parental materials, the frequency of genetic recombinat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Healthy mature human kidneys contain around 1 million nephrons^[@CR1],\ [@CR2]^, yet they originate from only a few hundred cells during development. The human metanephros initiates at 5 weeks of gestation when the epithelia of the ureteric bud invades the metanephric mesenchyme^[@CR3... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
==================
The title compound was synthesized as a precursor of 3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene, which is polymerized to afford PEDOT (Groenendaal *et al.*, 2000[@bb6]; Pei *et al.*, 1994[@bb9]). Synthetic methods for the title compound have been reported by: Coffey *et al.* (1996[@bb5... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
As they show low flammability and electrochemical reactivity, Ionic Liquids (ILs) have been identified as promising electrolytes for batteries^[@CR1]^. The combination of a large diversity of anions and cations leads to a flourishing variety of ILs^[@CR2]^, but they all share a common... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
Fungi live mainly in the dark, and they like it that way---out of the sunlight, they can avoid desiccation and damage from ultraviolet rays. The ability to sense light, therefore, is adaptive for fungi of all kinds. A pair of light-sensing proteins had been identified in the model fungus Neurospora crassa, an ascomycet... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has significantly improve the quality of life of the patient by reducing morbidity and mortality[@R1],[@R2]. Early diagnosis of HIV and initiation of ART in low resource and high HIV prevalent countries minimize the cost of hospitalization and maximize the benefit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
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Duck hepatitis A virus type 1 (DHAV-1) is one of the most lethal pathogens for ducks, especially ducklings \<1 week old, as it can cause 100% morbidity and 95% mortality ([@B1]). DHAV-1 is responsible for acute hepatitis characterized by petechial and ecchymotic hemorrhages of liver sur... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Ewing\'s sarcoma (ES) is a malignant bone tumor of childhood and adolescence that occurs primarily in the diaphysis of long bones, such as femur, tibia, fibula, and humerus, but may also occur in other bony structures and cartilage tissue. This tumor was named after James Ewing,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The 2015 European Society of Cardiology (ESC)/European Respiratory Society (ERS) Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) Guidelines have been developed by a Task Force Committee reflecting on the multidisciplinary nature of PH ([@ref1]). The recommendations of the new guidelines were presented and discussed by Cihangir Kaymaz, MD,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-01981}
===============
The translation apparatus includes the most conserved cellular proteins and RNAs that provide the strongest evidence for the shared ancestry of all life forms ([Figure 1](#ijms-20-01981-f001){ref-type="fig"}). Along with the highly conserved ribosomal proteins and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Duck circovirus (DuCV) is a member of the *Circovirus* genus within the *Circoviridae* family. It has been classified into two different genotypes (DuCV-1 and DuCV-2) based on the *Cap* gene and the complete genome, and has been associated with immunosuppressive effects since it... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among adult population throughout the world \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Atherosclerosis is the primary cause of cardiovascular disease, leading to the occlusion of the arteries, resulting in ischemia in vital organs such as... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
As genetically accessible photosynthetic organisms, algae are now recognized for their potential as a platform for recombinant protein expression where large scale and reduced material costs are important. The most-commonly used eukaryotic model alga, *Chlamydomonas reinhardtii,* has ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1744806916688901}
============
Cancer-induced pain (CIP) resulting from primary tumors or tumors that metastasize to bone is one of the most severe and incapacitating types of chronic pain. Bone metastases had been identified at autopsy in up to 90% of patients who died from prostate cancer^[@bibr1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Background {#Sec1}
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Our understanding of the nature of host-microbe interactions has become increasingly complex, with the line between pathogen and non-pathogen becoming more and more obscure \[[@CR1]\]. Individual organism and human factors, in addition to complex interactions between host and pathogen, pl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#Sec1}
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Tumor cells are surrounded by stroma, which consists of various inflammatory cells, endothelial cell, and fibroblasts. Evolving crosstalk between different cells results in the progression of tumor, however the underlying mechanism is complex and remains obscure.
Cancer-associated fi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-23-03078}
===============
Seeds enter an aging process after natural maturity. During this process, the vitality of the seed gradually decreases, which is a common phenomenon during the seed storage period. Seed vigor is an important indicator synthesizing seed germination, seedling ra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
[^1]: **Session:** 73. Outbreaks and Public Health Across the Globe
*Thursday, October 5, 2017: 12:30 PM*
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#s1}
============
The construction of a comprehensive phylogenetic classification of the fungi is a formidable task for modern systematics. As morphological characters alone are often insufficient for recognizing natural units, the analysis of nucleic acid sequences has significantly accelerated the prog... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Cracking of concrete reduces its barrier qualities and accelerates weathering attack, resulting corrosion of embedded reinforcing steel bars. Cracking of concrete also negatively affects the structural performance of the concrete-based infrastructure. The shrinkage of concrete w... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Endothelial cells (ECs) are perfectly adapted to conduct blood through high-shear stress, high-pressure environment in unbranched segments of arteries[@b1]. High-shear stress at the endothelial surface induces the transcription factors Krüppel-like factors (KLF) 2 and KLF4, which promote a quiescent EC phenotype charac... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Taken as a whole, the sub-Saharan Africa region has a high (25%) unmet need for family planning \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. As a result, fertility rates have not decreased significantly over the last three decades and have had negative implications on women's sexual and reproductive health. The 1994 Cairo, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Schistosomiasis is a chronic disease caused by infection with parasitic worms of the genus *Schistosoma*. It is endemic in over 70 tropical and sub-tropical countries, with over 200 million people infected and a further 600 million people thought to be at risk. 90% of the people infected reside i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Gene expression profiling in peripheral blood is frequently performed to identify susceptibility genes or biom... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-16-25953}
===============
Surgery, radiotherapy and systemic chemotherapy are the main forms of therapy for breast cancer. Further treatments, such as the therapeutic antibody trastuzumab and hormone therapy, complement these therapies. Using multimodal therapy concepts, the mortality rate ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-24-02310}
===============
Malaria is considered to be one of the most life-threatening and globally infectious diseases caused by a single-cell parasite called *Plasmodium* (including *P. falciparum*, *P. vivax*, *P. ovale*, *P. malariae*). This disease has remained one of the leading ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Biological control using natural antagonistic microorganisms has been extensively studied with the idea to exploit their potential for biological suppression of plant diseases. *Hypocrea*/*Trichoderma* (Ascomycota, Hypocreales) is a well-studied fungal genus used for biocontr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#s1}
============
Cytotoxic T lymphocytes of the vertebrate immune system monitor cells for infection by viruses or intracellular bacteria by scanning their surface for peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecules (reviewed in \[[@pcbi-0020065-b001]\]). The presented peptide... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
*Cryptococcus neoformans* is an opportunistic fungal pathogen that causes pneumonia as well as life-threatening meningoencephalitis in individuals with T cell immune deficiencies [@pone.0017204-Levitz1]--[@pone.0017204-Singh2]. Previous studies have shown that protective immunity agains... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
To understand the brain, one must first understand its component parts and their relationships to one another. A key component of the brain, from an information processing perspective, is the neuron. There are estimated to be 10^11^ neurons (Azevedo et al., [@B1]; Herculano-Houzel, [@B1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infections constitute a large portion of sexually-transmitted disease cases worldwide, and up to 70% of sexually active women are infected by HPV during their lifetime. HPVs are divided into high-risk and low-risk genotypes based on their level of association ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Kidney transplantation is an appropriate treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD) in patients needing continuous hemodialysis \[[@B1]\]. The demand for living donors has increased with the incidence of ESRD and the absence of a cure other than transplantation. As a result, expansion of th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Hantaviruses belong to the genus *Hantavirus* of the family *Bunyaviridae*. Hantavirus virions contain three segmented negative-sense RNAs designated S, M, L that encode a nucleocapsid (N) protein, enveloped glycoproteins (Gn and Gc), and an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (L protein), respectively ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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![](glas... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Frequency doubling technology (FDT) perimetry measures contrast sensitivity. This test is based on an illusion occurring when a sinusoidal grating of low spatial frequency undergoes counterphase flickering at a high temporal frequency \[[@R1]-[@R3]\]. Recent evidences suggest that the magnoce... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .456}
{#sp2 .457}
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| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Fracture of posteromedial tubercle of talus (PMTT), first described by Cedell in 1974 \[[@CR1]\], is an uncommon injury caused by dorsiflexion-pronation of the foot and ankle as the posterior talotibial ligament is torn from its attachment to the talus. The early detection of this fractur... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Neurocognitive impairment can occur in HCV infected patients. A series of studies have shown that patients with HCV may experience diminished attention and concentration, or suffer from severe cognitive deficits, such as disorientation and fluctuating consciousness. We performed a study to determ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
*Streptococcus pneumoniae* is a Gram positive bacterium carried in the nasopharynx and spread by human-to-human transmission causing different diseases ranging from mild, such as otitis media and sinusitis, to severe diseases, including pneumonia, meningitis and sepsis \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\].... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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