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in your opinion, as far as your knowledge goes? A.No, we had our discussions and so on directly with Greifelt as before. Q.I would like to ask you something about the Germanization procedure. You are familiar with these proceedings? A.Yes. Q.What caused this procedure? A.I heard of it through an order of Himmler which ...
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the re-Germanization in this way? AThat would have been far beyond the competence of the labor offices. For instance, they would not have seen to getting accommodations properly. Above all, however, the whole matter was to be handed over to an agency which did not have any authority with respect to other agencies end t...
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you hear of cases where the obtaining of accommodations of those fit for re-Germanization was very difficult? AYes, there were many difficulties. QWhat were they? AMainly concerning housing; also sometimes if the breadwinner of the family was not there or sick. QWhat happened then in the case of these families you have...
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as persons fit for re-Germanization. A.No exceptions were made as far as they were concerned in comparison with other people fit for re-Germanization. Q.Do you know how many people were concerned; how many cases were there? A.I can't remember exactly, but I don't think there were even as many as one hundred. Q.I am sub...
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domestics treated? A.They were treated exactly in the same way as all other persons fit for re-Germanization. Q.Dr. Bethge, I am submitting to you Prosecution Exhibit 804, which was submitted in the cross examination this morning by the Prosecution. Do you know this document? A.Yes. Q.To what extent were you connected ...
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at any rate more than in the case of the other people fit for re-Germanization who had come with their whole families. Q.Did any suicides actually occur among these domestic servants? A.I certainly think that no suicides occurred. If any suicides had occurred at that time they most certainly would have come to Himmler'...
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and its agencies. Q.Did the Main Staff Office have difficulties because of the employment of Eastern workers in the Reich? A.Yes, many. Q.And of what did these consist? A.The housing of the "A" cases was made more difficult and was interfered with by the Eastern workers' question. Q.Is it correct that many "A" cases re...
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Hintze often received such special orders directly from the Reichsfuehrer, and this case was an exception in so far as deportations were involed which were carried out by the Main Staff Office and its agencies. Q.Was the Main Staff Office concerned in ordering these deportations? A.Do you mean the fact that this deport...
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No. VIII. QHow do you know that, Herr Bethge? AFrom personal conversations with Creutz. QWas full indemnification provided for these Slovenes or intended for them? AI don't know what generally happened in such cases. Those who ware taken out of the camps and employed in the Reich proper were supposed to get full indemn...
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cases that he handled these various affairs, and did not of his own accord intervene in such matters? AIn principle, mose certainly not. QAs to this occasional dealing of the defendant Creutz with such matters, did that take place frequently? ANo, because the Main Office Chief was usually present himself. DR. MERKEL:Th...
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they were needed somehow in connection with our army. QWere these interpreters Russian-Germans? That is, racial Germans who knew Russian? Or were they aliens? ANo as they were in VOMI camps, they must have have racial Germans. I know for certain that they were racial Germans. QWere they forced to carry out this interpr...
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They got soma other training so they could get the full Court No. I, Case No. VIII. wages by piece work or other ways, and so to avoid putting them in a worse position in that accord, and to make it possible for them to feed their families. It was always agreed beforehand that the socalled apprentice bonus should be pa...
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turn to Brueckner, of all people? ABecause I knew for certain that Brueckner was entirely of my opinion. We had previously discussed the matter and I think we had some sort of an oral agreement that we wanted to do something to make it possible for such Slovenes to return hom. At the time I was in Bavaria, and therefor...
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my knowledge through official channels. Q.When did this happen, please? A.It must have been at the time when Fehndrich returned from Himmler with this order. Q.Witness, are you acquainted with the details of this order of Himmler? A.No. I have to correct myself here. I know of it in so far as Fehndrich did not bring ba...
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Now another question: Can the work whichwas given to the people who were eligible for re-Germanization be considered as constituting slave labor? A.In no way whatsoever. Q.And why not? A.These people were treated just like all other German workers and they only were subject to the limitation which was very generously a...
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Creutz, when he was on the stand yesterday, stated as follows: "The very minute I joined his office Greifelt informed me that I was to deputize for him and in his absence I did that as well as I could." If he stated that yesterday then you are wrong in your statement that he was not his deputy until 1940, aren't you? A...
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your recommendations were known in that letter to Brueckner whom you said had the same ideas about the proposition that you did, and they were also known - A.Will you repeat the question, please? Q.The ideas and suggestions which you expressed in that letter coincided with the ideas that Brueckner had on the subject. Y...
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Greifelt. I have only two questions. BY DR. HAENSEL: Q.You talked about the special assignment which Hintze received with regard to the Slovenes. Did Hintze carry out this special assignment outside of the Main Staff Office in collaboration with the Security Police? A.Hintze, in order to carry out this task, had some p...
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tomorrow morning so that I will be able to prepare his defense and his examination with him. THE PRESIDENT:Very well, the request is granted. DR.BEHLING (For the defendant Meyer-Hetling): Your Honor I request permission to begin my presentation of evidence on behalf of the defendant Meyer-Hetling. First of all, I would...
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with him either. Q. Are you identical with the man mentioned in Document 3643, Exhibit 546, in Document XIII-A. He is mentioned as Reichssippenleiter Dr. Meyer. A. No, I am not identical with him either. Q. Are you identical with the man Meyer mentioned in DocumentNO 5243, Exhibit 766, of the Dresdner Bank? A. No, I am...
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have meant for me an interruption of a number of scientific research activities which had become dear to my heart and I felt myself to be very obligated towards this work. Q.Did your research activity as a young student of science only extent to German agriculture or did it also extend to the agriculture of other count...
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it was a vo luntary organization of scientists. QWhat were the results of your activity in the research service? AI wanted to see to it that the following fields were developed to a considerable extent: First of all a number of institutes were developed further on the basis of my suggestions. Then further development w...
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temporary basis. QTherefore, it was a mutual collaboration? AYes. QWere your writings also circulated abroad? AWhether they were read in detail, of course, I don't know; however, these writings did go abroad and on some occasions they were even translated into other languages. I would also receive comments from people ...
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were connected with this, such as the so-called agricultural reforms of the Eastern border states, which included the Baltic countries, Poland and Czechoslovakia, and the South Countries, Bulgaria, Yugoslavia, Hungary, and Roumania. QDid you also occupy yourself with Eastern German agricultural questions, that is to sa...
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at all. A number of the students originated in these areas; they came from the Brandenburg district at the time. Another reason why I turned to these questions was the direct contact which I had with these students. QDid you occupation bring you into contact with government agencies and agricultural companies? AEven be...
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the Reich Council of Peasants. QJust what sort of an organization was the Reich Council of Peasants? AThe Reich Council of Peasants was a consolidation of a number of leading personalities who wanted to devote their time to the development and solution of agricultural problems in practice and in theory. QWho was in cha...
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a propagandist way or in any other scientific way? A.No. Q.When you entered the SS, did you swear an oath of allegiance? A.No. Q.Did anything change in your position in the SS until you entered the army in 1944? A.No, it remained the same all during this time. I was never in the SS on a professional basis. Q.Is it true...
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A.The superior planning authority in the Reich was the Reich agency for Raumforschung; it was founded in 1935 by a decree of the Reich government. It was the mission of this authority to plan things in a consolidated way, and in the new order of the German Reich in the Reich territories Q.Then it is correct that in thi...
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got into difficulties with the Reich Minister Kerrl, the chief of the Reichstelle for Raumordnung. The Reichstatthalters tried to get the Raumordnung work into their jurisdiction, and to determine the research program and to control it. In the interests of the liberty of research that I represented, I declined any auth...
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AI explained to Himmler that I did not wish to be restricted in my free time for research, and in my liberty to carry out research the way I wanted it. One condition was that I should in the future carry out my university professorship; therefore, I requested that I be freed of all time and technical restrictions as ar...
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you receive any remuneration for your work with the Reich Commissioner? AI considered my work a fulfilment of a self-evident duty of honor during war-time , and therefore I rejected any remuneration. QWere you at least reimbursed for your traveling expenses while on official business? AIf it was directly for the Reich ...
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of the agency. I did not participate in the formulation of this regulation. QWhen Himmler called you, did he tell you what your new tasks would be? AI was not told anything of the fact that, apart from my purely technical activity, I was to promote any other tasks of the Stabshauptamt by suggestions or recommendations....
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decision of delimitation between VOMI and the Main Staff Office, which did not cause any measures to be taken, and which meant nothing for me. Q.In your planning work did you also have any immediate tasks to solve of the Main Staff Office as problems arose from the housing of resettlers and their economic and social ca...
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be done, because of the nature of this document. Q.How did your work in the Planning Office develop? I put to you the Distribution of Business for 1942, which the Prosecution submitted as Document 4060, Exhibit 18. According to that, the Planning Office was split up into various departments. How about that? Can you fin...
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in detail? AFor this purpose, I refer to the document, General Regulation 13/2, regarding the city planning in the incorporated eastern territories-a document submitted by the Defense. The ultimate aim of the planning there is a density of population of 90 people per square kilometer. This meant that in an area of 90,0...
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make any definite statements about it. He could not name any specific instances. QWhat was the practical result of your ideas? AThey were set down in general regulations and directives. QHow many such general regulations were issued and what did they extend to? AOne general regulation was issued for each rural construc...
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A.No. The property estate of every single group remained untouched. The only thing involved was an exchange of estate and real estate parts against each other with the purpose of assembling larger estates and thereby making possible a more rational exploitation of these rural estates. Such Flurbereinigungs, real estate...
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testified by the witness Gelling, my relations with Bake became worse and worsee. Bake at that time was in the Food Ministry and very soon they reached a point where no practical work could be done any more. Q.What was the strength of your staff of collaborators once the stop decree had been carried into practice? A.I ...
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DocumentNO-2555. This is Exhibit 34 and it is in Document Book 2-B, page 90 in the German. There mention is made of the planning office in the settlement staff at Lodz. Was this settlement office under your authority? A.This department planning and filing, which has been mentioned here, was a planning agency of the set...
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the VOMI Agency. Are these plannings in any way connected with the planning office under your orders or with your field of task in general? A.No. I never had any connection whatsoever with this office. Q.Have you ever collaborated with any of the agencies mentioned here or did you ever exchange ideas with them? A.I did...
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and a clarification concerning the basic features of a new settlement law had to be brought about first. Q.You called that work General Plan East. Is that correct? What gave you an idea of such a designation? A.Himmler himself created that term. Q.How did the question and the expression of "Marks and Points" come about...
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after the end of the war, and could have been carried out only after the end of the war. Q.Did you at a later date deal with similar or the same problems? A.No, that was the only work. In the institute in regard to that question and in my planning department no developments of that kind were worked on. Q.I am now putti...
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plannings and I am now referring to Document 2417 and its Exhibit 261; it is again in the Document Book 5-C which you have there in front of you and it is on page 38 of the German. Did you carry out any planning in this connection? A.No, I did not do any planning in this connection. Q.And now, I am putting to you the d...
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to its contents it can only involve what the witness Ehlich of the Prosecution has already testified about, namely, that theplan was of the RSHA and I was in no way connected with that plan. QWas there, as far as the times were concerned, even the possibility of connection with your general Plan East? ANo, because this...
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the file note myself. QI am now putting to you DocumentNO 2585, Exhibit 89. That is in Volume 3, on page 97 of the German. In this document again a general plan is mentioned in connection with the meeting of the 4 February 1942. The questions discussed in this meeting were then connected with the general plan East elab...
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work was connected. Real science is altruistic and serves the purposes of the whole humanity. QHowever in this connection the Prosecution charges you with a certain number of individual acts. Therefore, it is my duty to touch upon these individual points of the indictment in a few brief words. Did you have a direct or ...
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of foreigners for work in Germany, and participation in that deportation. AI was not concerned with these matters, and I didn't know more about that matter than any other German who saw foreign workers everywhere. I did not have the impression that these people were slave workers. QDid you take part in spoliation? ANo....
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AFTERNOON SESSION (The Tribunal reconvened at 1330 hours, 10 December 1947) THE MARSHAL:The Tribunal is again in session. THE PRESIDENT:Proceed with the examination of this witness. KONRAD MEYER-HETLING - Resumed DIRECT EXAMINATION (Continued) BY DR. BEHLING: (Attorney for the defendant Meyer-Hetling) Q.Professor, we w...
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division in the Amtsgruppen take place in the summer of 1943 and was the seat of the office transferred to Schweikelberg? A.Since I remained in Berlin, I lost all contact with the office after its transfer to Schweikelberg. Q.What other offices belonged to Amtsgruppe "C" besides the planning office whose field of tasks...
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as his successor, but Mund was eliminated because of stomach trouble, for the moment, Greifelt commissioned me to represent the business interests of this agency temporarily, planning and land office. Q.Did this temporary consolidation of tasks mean anything practically? A.You cannot say that really, because it was fro...
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property? ANo; these questions were also exclusively treated by lawyers, according to general directives which Himmler had issued. QWhat tasks did the Central Land Office handle at the time when you directed it, that is to say, when it belonged to the Main Department of Planning and Land? AThe only activity was registr...
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Central Land Office. But, more than that, the Central Land Office confirmed the sequestrations that had been made by a newly pronounced individual confiscation decree. QDid this process have any legal force? ANo, it wasonly a declaratory act. QWhat rights were retained by the owners of this property that had been confi...
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Land Office? AFrom my own time I remember a few confiscations which were made only for strategic purposes, such as a place for bomb testing in Upper Silesia, a few airports and extensions of airports, extensions of Polish airports, and a few maneuver grounds. QDid this Central Land Office make any definite decisions in...
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it. I always stated my point of view against that as long as I had anything to do with the Land Office. I always turned against any change in the situation of land property during the war. In the files of the Central Land Office there must be a number of remarks that I made, which were put down on paper, in which I tur...
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to the DUT or the DAG? A.I did not have the authority to issue such directives. Q.Was the central land office competent for the registration and confiscation of ecclesiastical property? A.No, the work on such questions was not in the hands of my office staff. Q.Do you know the process and the incident that I am now put...
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the plenipotentiary, and thus it became more or less a construction office. Q.I now put to you Document 2665, Exhibit 566, Document Book XIII-A, Page 100. It is the so-called ghetto action in Lodz. What is your attitude in this connection? A.I saw this document for the first time here in Nurnberg, and I never knew anyt...
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to come. Q.Did the Monday conferences, if you participated in them at all, give you a clear picture of the overall activity of the main staff office? A.No, they couldn't have done that since for the most part they were only discussions of a general nature which degenerated very frequently into meaningless conversations...
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the ideal picture of a future development and I warned against any specialization. In this lecture I pointed out that the execution ox my ideas was a matter for the post-war period, at a time when humanity once again had stripped off the distorted mask which the war had forced upon it and when it had returned to the et...
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QCan you tell me with any degree of certainty when that was? AOn the 30 or the 31 of December 1942. QThank you. AI know that because it's an unusual date. QYou say that you had in your office a few persons unacceptable for national socialist reasons. Did Greifelt know that and did he tolerate it? AYes, he knew it and h...
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ware carried out were any negotiations carried on with Amt V? AI cannot remember a single case. QI put to you your affidavit. It isNO-7126, Exhibit 6, Document Book I, on Page 23. In this statement you mention the fact that Schwarzenberger was very well familiar with the tasks of the Main Staff Office. Can you maintain...
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is granted. DR. HESSE:Dr. Hesse for Werner Lorenz. BY DR. HESSE: QProfessor Meyer-Hetling, was there any connection between Court No. I, Case No. VIII. the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle and the Planning Office that you ware in charge of? ANo; never by me and I believe never by the Main Staff Office. QDid the VOMI ever tra...
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be a deadline fixed in so far as the receiving of documents is concerned. That time is fast approaching. It seems that by now counsel for both sides should know the documents that they expect to use. In the not too distant future the Tribunal will pass an order in which the translation department will be directed to re...
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if I should express it better, of the National Socialist movement, the same right wing which I considered myself always a member of, the right wing which rejected all dogmatic attitudes and which was only tending towards a spiritual renewal which was aiming at having a link with the best traditions of our German Court ...
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save the United States of America and this honorable Tribunal. There will be order in the court. THE PRESIDENT:Tribunal I will come to order. Mr. Marshal, have you ascertained that all defendants are present in court? THE MARSHAL:May it please Your Honors, all the defendants are present in the courtroom with the except...
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or not. You weren't forced to join it, were you? A.No. Q.Which means that you joined it voluntarily. A.Well, you can conceive it in that way if you want to. QThanks you. Now, you remained in the SS continually from the time you joined in 1933 until the end of the war, did you not? A.I do not recall with certainty the d...
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planning questions down there. I cannot remember the letter itself. It does not show either, that it involves questions which exceeded my field of planning tasks. BY MR. LAMB: QDoctor - AYes. QOn redirect examination your counsel can bring out anything he wants to. I have only 30 minutes. I just asked you if you were t...
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by your General Plan East. You know that, don't you, now? AYes. QWhen you joined the Main Staff Office you had a thorough understanding with Himmler that you were going to be able to employ, as your associates, whom you wished. That is true, isn't it? AIn my direct examination I have already testified that I had - THE ...
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this land had all been seized before several times, and then, when this Central Land Office seized it, nothing new was added, no regulations were changed. Now those seizures were blanket seizures, weren't they, that had previously been made by the Supreme Commander of the Army and the Chief of the Civil Administration?...
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you were chairman of the committee for settlements and you were appointed to that office by Himmler. Now you have never mentioned that much. What was that? Would you explain to me what it was? AChairman of a committee for resettlement, you say? QFor "settlements". Did you make a trip down to Kiev once in that connectio...
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right now. QI am sorry. I got mixed up there. It's the wrong document. I apologize. I am speaking of Exhibit 806. AThe date is 13 April 1944. QIn other words, it's not connected at all with the development described by the witness Bach-Zelewski of 1939? ANo. QYou were questioned about the General Plan East. In order to...
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which I am not so entirely informed as to whether Mundt was already in charge again. I assume it though with certainty. THE PRESIDENT:Mr. Lamb, you had about five minutes left. Do you want to ask any further questions? MR. LAMB:No, Your Honor. THE PRESIDENT:Let the witness retire from the stand. (The witness is escused...
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AMy name is Erhard Meding, and I was born on the first of May 1909 at Dresden. QWhen did you join the Main Staff Office of the Reich Commissar for the Strengthening of Germanism? AAt the beginning of 1941 I joined the Office of the Reich Commissar for the Strengthening of Germanism. I was a member of the general interi...
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research service; for instance, I gave expert opinions and I had to manage the work of the community for landscape biology within the research service. May I add that there was a very close contact altogether within the circle of collaborators of Professor Meyer-Hetling between the individual functions he held in the r...
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peacetime and were the plans to be used after the war had ended or were they questions of actuality? A.As I said already, the tasks of the other offices dealt with actualities while the scientific preparation of planned landscaping, however, is a task which, in its very nature, can only be carried out in peacetime. Q.W...
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there we made the acquaintance of the rural planners too. Did the Planning Office have the right to issue orders to those regional agencies or not? A.The Planning Office had no right to issue any orders to the Regional Agencies and especially not to the rural planners. The rural planners were only and alone under the a...
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regions. The incorporated Eastern territories were in a certain way only the practical example. The plans were also set up in such a way that they constituted a general contribution to the scientific branch of rural planning and development, as well as to social planning, as it is called in Anglo-Saxon countries. QThen...
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take place with the Reich agency for space allocation as far as scientific matters ware concerned. After all the Reich agency for space allocation could utilize the results of work for the entire area of the Reich in the form of stimulations. QDoes this also explain the fact that in the year 1943 you took over the same...
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departments which were provided in the business distribution plan? AEven during the year 1942 when the planning office was still fully staffed, in most departments except the Chief of the Department there would be one more specific export who could perform the work. Several department heads or referats carried out seve...
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comment on the subject itself. In line with the campaign in Russia it became evident that the German settlers in Russia, especially those in the Ukraine, who had lived there for a century or even longer, for the most part had been deported or their number had decreased considerably. Once these territories had come unde...
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the settlement in this area of the Ukraine did not come within the scope of our work. QTherefore, it was just an emergency situation which had to be dealt with. AYes, it was conditioned by the special situation which was caused by the partisan warfare. QAt this time I would like to announce a document to this Tribunal ...
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for Poles and other foreigners? ANo. QDid you hear of any cases where the reproduction between foreign nationals and Germans was prevented? ANo. QDid the planning office have anything to do with forced evacuations? AThings of that sort were not dealt with by the planning office. QDid it play any part in the forced Germ...
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form of a plan. QVery well. Can you remember that at the University Institute for Agricultural Science and Policy a scientific work was developed under this term General Plan East? AYes, that was the plan which was submitted then. QYes, that is what I wanted to hear from you. ABut excuse me, you asked me whether there ...
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point of view as well as from the constructive point of view would have needed the funds of the Reich for many years such extensions to other areas outside of the incorporated eastern territories would just be Utopian. Now, this further extension was to be planned in financial respects by careful consideration of the e...
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planning office. QHowever, now it becomes evident from documents which have been submitted that also at Lodz, Lublin and in the Crimea there were planning agencies. What were they; do you know them? ANo, I don't know these planning agencies. Perhaps it may be, although I don't know what documents you are referring to, ...
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as I can recall, it received its instructions from Himmler directly. Q.Was the work of the Planning Office maintained to its full extent during the entire time of the war? A.It was not maintained to its full extent, but in 1942, as a result of conscriptions into the armed forces, experts of the Planning Office were als...
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as I know, they were not. Q.Was a new business regulation established? A.I do not know of any new standard order of procedure. Q.Did the office chiefs of Office Group C, as before, have the right to report directly to the Chief of the Main Office personally, or did they have to report first to the Chief of the Office G...
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between the Planning Office and the Central Land Office? A.Such factual permanent contact did not exist because, as far as the work of the Planning Office was concerned, it did not make any difference who was the owner or who had the title to the individual properties in the Incorporated Eastern Territories. Q.As far a...
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and so forth, and he also had to take care of the administrative duties connected with those tasks. Apart from that, he was Chairman of the Research Service for Agricultural Affairs, and in that capacity he had to take care of current affairs, which took quite a bit of his time. Only the remainder of his time was at hi...
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von Schauroth in that category also. None of them were members of the Party. Q.And this political tolerance was also known amongst the collaborators of the Planning office, was it not? A.Yes, he defended that attitude quite openly. DR. BEHLING:Thank you, witness. No further questions. DR.HAENSEL (Counsel for the defend...
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but how the whole matter developed in detail I couldn't tell you I am afraid. Q.Did the defendant Greifelt have an opportunity to observe your work in the planning office? A.I hardly think that he had the possibility of supervising or checking my personal work. Q.Did he have the possibility of supervising or checking t...
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during the war? A.I couldn't give you a figure. He wasn't on the road very frequently anyhow. Q.Do you know anything about the resettlement of people in these areas? A.From the period I worked in the Planning Office, I have no knowledge about resettlement in those areas except that Germans were repatriated and committe...
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not, Your Honor, because my document books are not ready either; they are still being translated. If the Tribunal permits, I shall now interrupt my case in chief, close it at the present stage for the time being, and I ask permission to resume the case in chief later, after the Schwarzenberger case has been terminated,...
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manager and then manager of various branches, and during the last years, I was division director of the central agency at Munich. QWhen did you retire from your job at the Singer Sewing Machine, A.G.? AOn the 30 of April 1934. QWhat job did you take after that? AI worked in various SS agencies; at the beginning, I was ...
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QWhat would have happened if you had not complied with that conscription? AI would have been brought before a tribunal and severely punished. QWhen you joined the Main Staff Office, how was your pay arranged? AAs all the employees of the Reich, I was paid in accordance with the Reich wage scale from the funds of the Re...
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point, to the question of the general organization of Office V. What was the official designation of Office V? AFinancial Administration of the Main Staff Office. QWhat were the tasks and activities of Office V? ATo accept payments, to make payments, and to book and enter into the books the payments made and received; ...
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concerning the administration of funds. QAnd what is an agency of the Reich? AA government agency is an official agency of the Reich, the land, the communities or any other public body. QIs it known to you that the Reich Treasury Decree makes a distinction between various kinds of treasuries? AYes. QTo what group did t...
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ask for your opinion? ANo. QYou have stated that the unified treasury of Office 5 made payments only on written application of the administrative agency involved. In as far as there was no legal prescription, who issued the orders for the payments made by this Main Staff Office? AThe Reich Commissar himself, in other w...
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the monthly staff means and in the supervision of the funds, and the use to which they were put. Q.What are the service means you were referring to? A.The service means are those means necessary for the maintenance of an agency, such as wages, rent, procurement cost, procurement itself, and so on and so forth. Q.Of wha...
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and Police Leaders in Germany proper in as far as these people were plenipotentiaries of the Reich Commissar. Q.Were those requests dependent on your approval? A.No. Q.Could you have payments made to these agencies without such a request? A.No. Q.If such a request was made to you by these agencies could you refuse to m...
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three agencies settle accounts with Office 5? A.Yes. Q.Could you see from the accounts to what use the money had been put? A.In the case of the DUT and in the case of the DAG of course I could but in the case of the Reich Treasury Chamber my agency, according to my recollection, during the last two years, audited the a...
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