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with Germany, and in March 1939 for the incorporation of Memel into Germany. The Tribunal will remember the dramatic meeting of the Reich Defense Council held in June of 1939, where preparations were completed for the coming war and 251 29 Aug. 46 detailed plans were approved, such as using prisoners of war and concent... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 34,650 | 35,150 |
Army in marching into the Sudetenland and Bohemia-Moravia, and in the invasion of Poland. One of its main departments, the Volksdeutsche Mittelstelle, was a center for Fifth Column activities. The SD of the Reichsfuehrer SS operated a network of spies throughout the world, and its agents were spying in the United State... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 35,100 | 35,600 |
good stable standards. With a crassness unknown to ordinary domestic animal care, directives providing for the abortion of female laborers were distributed to Gauleiter and Kreisleiter and their staffs. Their keepers were of the SD and the Gestapo, and the cell blocks of the concentration camp awaited any who chafed un... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 35,550 | 36,050 |
for adequate reaction. We simply cannot comprehend six million murders. In the regular course of life it is good that this is so; but in weighing the evidence in this case it is something of a handicap for all parties except the guilty. Of some facts, however, we do have full knowledge and full understanding. They are ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 36,000 | 36,500 |
in which half-Jews were to be treated, and then recommendations of the Cabinet were submitted to Hitler for final action. The SA men were among the first to apply direct force and brutality against the Jewish people in Germany. The witness Severing has told the Tribunal from the witness stand that during the years afte... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 36,450 | 36,950 |
slave labor. Gestapo men, under the leadership of Eichmann, went into the occupied territories, and, with the assistance of local officers of the Security Police and SD, succeeded in herding virtually all of the Jews of Europe into concentration camps and annihilation centers. With unabated fury the Nazis plunged from ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 36,900 | 37,400 |
of the indicted organizations. These offenses were the result of the aggressive war aims for which the Reich Cabinet had a direct responsibility. The history of mistreatment of honorable soldiers who had surrendered is too well known to this Tribunal to require detailed discussion here. Yet it is worthwhile to recall t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 37,350 | 37,850 |
been taken, the fate of the Christian Church was sealed; only time and the turn of events remained for its fulfillment. In the entire Reich Cabinet of that time, made up almost exclusively of men who pretended to wear the badge of Christianity, only one (Baron Eltz von Ruebenach) stood up for the faith. So clear was th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 37,800 | 38,300 |
thus in a strange arrangement of circumstances, the Nazis who "tried to destroy both, may have founded the beginnings of an understanding that can grow best because it has survived the worst. The concentration camp was the master weapon in the Nazi arsenal of tyranny. To the SA belongs the disgrace of having first esta... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 38,250 | 38,750 |
administer the concentration camps, but it was the SS which furnished guards from the Death's Head Battalions and ultimately became responsible for all internal administration of the camps. The Gestapo remained the sole authority in the Nazi State empowered to commit political prisoners to concentration camps, although... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 38,700 | 39,200 |
which hapless civilians of occupied countries disappeared into the Reich, never to be heard of again. Thus, in a crime of which only the Nazis were capable, the awful anguish of relative and friend was added to wanton murder. In no respect can the criminal activities of these organizations be better illustrated than in... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 39,150 | 39,650 |
argued before this Tribunal, independent organizations responsible directly to Himmler. The officers of these groups were drawn from the Gestapo and the SD and, to a lesser extent, from the Criminal Police. They received their orders from the various offices of the RSHA, that is, from Office III or Office VI, as appear... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 39,600 | 40,100 |
organizations for good and for bad. When the membership of these organizations swore an oath of obedience to Hitler, they united themselves for all time with him, his work, and his guilt. All members of the Reich Cabinet had full knowledge of the functions and activities of the Cabinet. They carried out their work toge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 40,050 | 40,550 |
propaganda. They were the agents of the ideology and the political detectives who checked on the reactions of the people. Knowledge for them was a two-way circuit. They knew the plan and its operations and they learned of its effects. A, typical example is found in the order to lynch Allied airmen. This order had to be... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 40,500 | 41,000 |
had of the savage experiments on human beings. This knowledge was diffused by frequent changes in their duties. The Death's Head Battalions, which at first were charged with the guarding of concentration camp inmates, subsequently were put into the fighting front; whereas during the war the fighting troops, the Waffen-... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 40,950 | 41,450 |
that there would be present before the Tribunal someone who could speak for each organization. So the great number of witnesses who have appeared before the Commission and the Tribunal has, in effect, made superfluous this Charter protection to the organizations. The measure of criminality of each organization is not l... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 41,400 | 41,900 |
SA a fighting body of street rowdies. Goering and Kaltenbrunner were members of the Gestapo. Goering, the founder of the Gestapo, bragged that every Gestapo bullet fired was his bullet, and that he assumed full responsibility for the acts of the Gestapo and was not afraid to do so. As Chief of the Reich Security Main O... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 41,850 | 42,350 |
macabre tragedy, from the faked removal of Mesny from the officers' prisoner-of-war camp at Koenigstein to the sacrilegious ceremony attending the burial of his ashes with military honors at Dresden, required the connivance and action of the Reich Cabinet, the military men, the SS, the SD, and the Gestapo. Throughout t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 42,300 | 42,800 |
form or another and for inflicting again upon the civilized world the terrible consequences of criminal group action. I should also like to point out, because I have read into the record some remarks relative to the Sedition Act of 1940, that the United States Sedition Act of 1940 was cited only to show that the concep... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 42,750 | 43,250 |
organizations. That statement represents the attitude of the United States in these proceedings towards the organizations. I can do no better than to remind the Tribunal of it again. I quote from what Mr. Justice Jackson said on that occasion:. "In administering preventive justice with a view to forestalling repetition... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 43,200 | 43,532 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 22 29 Aug. 46 Volume 22 Menu 31 A... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 0 | 500 |
the Armed Forces. Its successes at home and abroad were achieved by these two instruments. The Wehrmacht owed its resurgence largely to the Nazi Party; the Party, in turn, would have been helpless and impotent without the Wehrmacht. As General Reinecke put it, the two pillars of the Third Reich are the Party and the Ar... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 450 | 950 |
of command and the Prosecution has not suggested anything of the kind. Equally irrelevant is the question of whether Keitel might have been shown in the same box with Hitler, instead of having a box to himself. None of these points about the chart involves the addition or subtraction of a single member of the group, or... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
that the military leadership group, long after 1942, was a group whose official orders were to murder commandos and commissars and to achieve "pacification" by spreading terror. Many of the atrocities committed by the German Armed Forces occurred late in the war. Once again, this point has substance only in that indivi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
event, it is quite unnecessary to look behind the actual course of events. Surely no one would have suggested in 1941, after witnessing the co-ordinated use of tanks and stukas in Africa, and the team-play of all three services during the Norwegian invasion, that the German war effort lacked co-ordination. From the sta... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
9 275 30 Aug. 46 is, we submit, utterly unfounded, and flatly contrary to the plain purposes of the London Agreement. That agreement cannot be reasonably construed to exclude from the purview of Article 9 the leaders of one of the two chief instrumentalities of the Third Reich. The Defense appears to contend that membe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
commander-in-chief must be removed. Yet often he has sufficient seniority, prestige, and acknowledged ability so that his demotion or disgrace 276 30 Aug. 46 would be embarrassing, and retirement or acceptance of resignation is the best solution for all concerned. And this is just what happened with some of the command... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
the Wehrmacht's new strength was promptly used to support Hitler's aggressive diplomatic policy. Austria and Czechoslovakia were conquered by the Wehrmacht, even though there was no war. The events of 1939 to 1942 and the terrible offensive power of the Wehrmacht are a further and sufficient 277 30 Aug. 46 answer, even... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
Jodl, Brauchitsch, Halder, and others. Jodl's diary gives us further details about such matters as co-ordination of the air and ground offensives, timing of the D-day order, collaboration with the Hungarian Army, and order of battle. It also shows the personal participation of other members of the group and of other ge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
military leaders specified in the Indictment becomes much larger; we are no longer concerned only with the generals in Berlin, but also with the war lords who commanded the Wehrmacht in the field-names far more familiar to and feared by the peoples of the territories overrun by the Germans. Names such as Blaskowitz, Vo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
many more army groups, armies, air fleets, and naval commands were created and the membership in the group was correspondingly enlarged. All three branches of the Wehrmacht participated in the invasion of Norway and Denmark, which was an excellent demonstration of "combined operations," involving the closest joint plan... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
with the documents before the Tribunal and with the history of the years in question. Nor is it true that the military leaders were mere puppets without influence on Hitler or the course of events. Naturally there were disagreements not only between Hitler and the Wehrmacht, but within the Wehrmacht itself. If Hitler p... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
need further mention that Germany's present position in the narrows of the Heligoland Bight and in the Baltic--bordered as it is by a whole series of states and under their influence--is an impossible one for the future of Greater Germany. The power of Greater Germany in the strategic areas acquired in this war should ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
been that, instead of a series of startling revelations, the documents assembled here and the labor devoted to them have served to confirm what was already known or suspected throughout the world many years ago. I cannot suppose that anybody will ever subscribe to the view which the military leaders gave been forced by... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
order was issued from the OKW and distributed to all three branches of the service, Army, Navy, and Air Force. There is ample evidence that it was widely distributed and well known within the Wehrmacht. Rundstedt, commander-in-chief in the West, reported on 23 June 1944 that "the treatment of enemy commando groups has ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
to decide whether to refuse to issue a criminal order or whether to pass it on to the commanders-in-chief in the field. The commanders in the field, Army, Navy and Air Force, had to decide whether to execute it or refuse to execute it, and whether to distribute it to their subordinates. One can imagine that there were ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
on the Soviet Union. We do know that, beginning in September of 1940, he was constantly discussing this possibility with the military leaders, who had ample opportunity to express their views to him. We know that there was a division of opinion among the generals and admirals; none of them appear to have been much gove... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
pacification by "ruthless action," the most extreme methods, and "collective despotic measures" against localities. In furtherance of these abominable policies, it was further ordered that the German troops who committed offenses against Soviet civilians were not to be punished at all, unless punishment were necessary ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
agencies of the Third Reich had an important share in this far-flung, evil program. Among these other agencies, perhaps the most unspeakable were the special task forces of Himmler, known as Einsatzgruppen and Einsatzkommandos. The mission of these units was to assist in "pacification" and pave the way for the new poli... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
of communications for an army in the field. The smooth functioning of this vast and complicated train is vital to the success of the combat troops. The enemy knows this, and is eager both to disrupt it and to extract intelligence from it through sabotage groups, agents, and partisans. Therefore the occupying forces gua... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
of "pacification" was well understood throughout the German military leadership. An army demoralized and brutalized by criminal orders and evil doctrines will behave in a brutal way in circumstances where they have no explicit orders. I have not, for instance, seen a written order that Soviet prisoners who could not ma... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
Rundstedt, Reichenau, Schobert, Manstein, and the other field commanders-in-chief distributed them to their subordinate officers. No secret agreements could forestall the terrible result which followed inevitably. Is it really too much to ask that the commanders-in-chief should have refused to distribute these orders? ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
clear themselves. But the military leaders as a group, E submit, are proved beyond doubt to have participated directly, effectively, and knowingly in numerous and widespread war crimes and crimes against humanity. Under Articles 9 and 10 of the London Agreement for the Trial of Major War Criminals, Keitel and Raeder an... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
a course of thought and a way of life. They have distinctive qualities of mind, which have been noted and commented on by the rest of the world for many decades, and which have their roots in centuries. They have been a historical force, and are still to be reckoned with. They are proud of it. To escape the consequence... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
in the German public the spirit and purposes of militarism. This is what Rundstedt meant when he said that: "The National Socialist ideas which were good were usually ideas which were carried over from old Prussian times and which we had known already without the National Socialists." That is what Manstein meant by the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
The whole world has long known about and suffered at the hands of the German military leadership. Its qualities and conduct are open and notorious. Is the world now to be told that there is no such group? Is it to hear that the German war lords cannot be judged because they were a bunch of conscripts? We have had to de... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
now is not the lives of these particular men, but the future influence of the German General Staff within Germany, and, consequently, on the lives of people in all countries. That is why it was declared at Yalta: "It is our inflexible purpose to destroy German militarism and Nazism, and to ensure that Germany will neve... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
shadow of death. German militarism, if it comes again, will not necessarily reappear under the aegis of Nazism. The German militarists will tie themselves to any man or party that offers expectation of a revival of German armed might. They will calculate deliberately and coldly. They will not be deterred by fanatical i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
of a soul, and the machine requires a mystic faith." We know what it is, this mystic faith of which Bergson was thinking. It was there at the zenith of the Graeco-Roman civilization, when Cato the Elder, the wisest of the wise, wrote in his treatise on political economy: "One must know the right time to sell one's old ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
scourge of war, which twice within the span of human life has inflicted indescribable sufferings on humanity, and to proclaim our faith in the fundamental rights of man, in the dignity and value of the human individual, in the equality of rights of men and women, as well as of nations, large and small...." Certain ones... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
he slanders the stag, which kills, no doubt, because it is hungry, because it is afraid, or because it is in rut, but which is not versed in the sadism of refined tortures. This conception of life is applied by Hitler to international relations. "A stronger race"--he writes in Mein Kampf --"will drive out the weaker on... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
Party policy, and this was the work of the General Staff and the High Command, purged of all elements which were insufficiently nazified. It is possible that the members of these organizations, these groups or these services were more or less the fanatics of the regime, and the Tribunal will recall the plausible distin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
the group as a whole is criminal. Thus the Gestapo, according to the terms of its constitution, was a State Police, charged, like the police of all civilized states, with aiding in the work of justice and protecting the community against individuals who might threaten its security. It is possible that it may sometimes ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
all-powerful state to ignore all legal restraints? Did Hitler make any distinction between principle and practice, when, at the conference of 23 May 1939 held in the Chancellery and attended by the members of the High Command, he stated: "The principle of avoiding the solution of problems by adaptation to circumstances... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
will consider those affidavits on behalf of the Defendant Goering as it would consider all the rest of the record. Yes, M. Champetier de Ribes. M. CHAMPETIER DE RIBES: Mr. President and Gentlemen, the Defense submits a second argument. The organizations, it says, were independent and did not know each other. Some were ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
furnished many and fear to weary the Tribunal. It will suffice to recall the close co-operation between the Gestapo, the SD, the SS, and the Army in the common elaboration of general instructions and in the execution of operations against resistance forces, reprisals against civil population, and the extermination of t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
true of these organizations is true also of the Reich Cabinet and the Political Leaders, as has been shown by my honorable colleagues of the Prosecution. Are organizers less guilty than those who committed the deeds; is the brain less responsible than the arm? We therefore consider we have proved the joint culpability ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
counsel was wrong. There is no contradiction between the words of Frangois de Menthon and those of Georges Bidault; and the French people, just as, I am sure, the free citizens of the United Nations, can all reconcile the severity necessary for the culprits with pity for those who perhaps were only the victims. In decl... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
organizations, each of the conspirators acted in several capacities and held several offices, representing many persons: Goering, for example-Reich Minister, Commander of the Air Force, Delegate for the Four Year Plan, Reichsleiter, Supreme Commander of SA and SS; Hess-Cabinet Minister, Hitler's Deputy for the Party, G... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
have been declared criminal. In accordance with the instructions of Article 10 of the Charter the tribunals of the U.S.S.R., the U.S.A., Great Britain, and France, and of 18 states which joined the London Agreement, may certainly condemn, but they have the right also to come to a conclusion that the defendant was not a... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
defendants' dock. The defendants at this Trial were at the same time participants of the conspiracy and leading members of the organizations, the criminal character of which the Tribunal has to decide. Consequently the evidence submitted that has been used for the individual cases of the defendants is at the same time ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
of war and deported millions of people for slave labor in Germany from the occupied territories? No defendants are to be found! Lies-cynical, blasphemous lies, from the lips of men whose -conscience did not hesitate before murder, whose honor did not prevent them from committing perjury-do not deserve to be refuted. Wh... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
said that they were National Socialists who wanted to protect Germany against attack from other countries. This is an evident falsehood. Only impostors could assert that Austria, Czechoslovakia, Poland, Norway, Denmark, Belgium, Holland, Yugoslavia, the Soviet Union, and other freedom-loving countries wanted to strike ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
the NSDAP and the SA (including the organizations subordinated to them) as "the leaders and motive power of the National Socialist Government." The law of 1 December 1933 was the fundamental measure which provided the leaders of the criminal Nazi Party with full political power in Germany, as this law established the N... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
population of the territories occupied by the Germans. When we speak here at the Trial about Goebbels' lies, Himmler's terror, and Ribbentrop's perfidy, this refers also to the Nazi Party. When the Prosecution submitted proofs of the criminal activity of Goering and Hess, Rosenberg and Streicher, Von Schirach and Frank... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
quote some short extracts concerning his activity: "20 June 1942. Within the period covered by this report, 105 people were shot in the district of Celje, and 362 arrested.... The chief of the Security Police will Empty the prison in two weeks' time. Part of the imprisoned people will be transferred to other prisons an... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
of the members of the organizations to submit declarations and to make statements before the Tribunal had been repeatedly announced in the newspapers published in the Soviet Zone and broadcast by radio. Servatius knew all this, but nevertheless he still endeavored to deceive the Tribunal. He attempted to do this in oth... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
a certain group of the Leadership Corps of the Party, the SS, and the SA. From the contents of this periodical it is quite evident that the Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party paid constant attention to the measures and doctrines which were applied as the Fascist conspiracy was being realized. In 1937-38 the following p... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
officers assigned to the prisoner-of-war organization were instructed to co-operate most closely with the Hoheitstraeger. The commandants of the prisoner-of-war camps had to detail immediately liaison officers to the Kreisleiter. What the results of this co-operation were and the way in which the prisoners of war were ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
people entrusted to him." He recruited members for the Hitler Youth, SA, and SS organizations, and for the DAF (German Labor Front), that is, he 320 30 Aug. 46 secured attendance at the Party rallies, participation in demonstrations, et cetera. "A Blockleiter has to carry out a constant National Socialistpropaganda." W... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
murder of millions of enslaved people, for the seizure of territories, and the realization of the so-called program of "Germanization." All these tasks were carried out by the SS men. The "SS" organization was created and became famous as Hitler's Praettorian Guard, an organization of pogrom-makers and murderers. Durin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
unite on 17 June 1936 the offices of the Chief of the German Police and the Reichsfuehrer SS, he stated: "By appointing the Reichsfuehrer SS Chief of the German Police at the Ministry of the Interior on 17 June 1936, I have created a foundation for the consolidation and reorganization of the German Police." In accordan... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
for the defense of the SS. These lies are also contradicted by the irrefutable logic of facts-facts of the gravest crimes, the organizers and perpetrators of which were members of all the chief sections and organizations of the SS. At the beginning of the war the SS organization consisted of the following main links: (... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
a degenerate." To this dishonorable "Black Corps" of German Fascism was given a special role in the realization of the Fascist criminal plans. These degenerates dressed in the SS uniform and devoid of any idea of human morality were not only assured of impunity for their crimes, but they were daily indoctrinated with t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
any question about any kind of tradition, but with nerve and revolutionary impetus, we shall in 20 years push the national boundary 500 kilometers eastward.... "... we shall impose our laws on the East. We will forge ahead, pushing our way forward little by little to the Urals." It is impossible to enumerate in a short... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
a heroic resistance against their executioners, killed two of them and managed to escape. It was in connection with this that the investigation was ordered. The commander of the SS detachment in Berdichev was prosecuted, not for his orders to murder 78 sick innocent people, but for allowing, the possibility of escape. ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
than 195,000 peaceful citizens tortured to death, shot, and poisoned in the "death-vans," most of them exterminated by SS units; for which, according to the reports of the Extraordinary State Commission, the former chief of the Waffen-SS in Southern Russia and in the Ukraine, Major General Troenfeld, together with SS L... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
criminal activities of the SS units in the territory of Yugoslavia, Poland, and other temporarily occupied countries of Eastern Europe followed the same pattern. I wish to bring to the attention of the Tribunal the numerous documents presented to the Tribunal by the Soviet and British Prosecution, in which the crimes c... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
not deny that among the soldiers of the Waffen-SS were some who were compelled to serve. However, the question of the degree of responsibility of any particular person is a question for competence of the national tribunals. Nevertheless, the Waffen-SS as a whole are an essential part of the system, and the SS organizat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
it is a page and a half. THE PRESIDENT: Mr. Dodd, if the only objection to the affidavit is that it is argumentative, is that really a very serious objection when there are so many documents? MR. DODD: Well no, Sir, I expect it is not. Our -objection is just what I have stated, and no more than that. I do not want to p... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
Allied Nations bacteria warfare as a defensive and offensive weapon had equally been developed, and that 4,000 people were occupied with it. I should merely like to present it for that one reason so as to be able to submit a fact to the Tribunal which would be of importance for the proper judgment of this particular su... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
available to the Russian Delegation--that attorney Dr. Boehm has never been a member of the National Socialist Party. The reproach that in his pleading he wished to spread National Socialist propaganda, is therefore entirely without foundation. In the whole of Germany there would not be a single normal person who, havi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
point of view; he merely represents the point of view of the case which he is presenting. Is that what you meant? GEN. RUDENKO: Yes, of course, Mr. President. THE PRESIDENT: Go on. GEN. RUDENKO: The "Sturinabteilungen" or "SA" were the first striking force in the hands of the conspirators, the first military "terror" o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
him in 1935. He then stated: "The internal political opponents did not just disappear for some unknown secret reason. No, they disappeared because our movement had at its disposal the strongest weapon in the country, and this strongest weapon was the SA units." The Tribunal will remember the evidence given by the witne... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 28,350 | 28,850 |
for the Wehrmacht was carried out. This personnel was later on called upon to carry out the Hitlerite plans of aggression. This criminal activity was carried out with a maximum degree of secrecy with regard to the outer world. "In addition to my instructions ... dated 11 July 1933, 1 am compelled to ask all SA authorit... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
through a special directive, the members of the SA were entrusted with the guarding of the prisoners of war and of the "workers from the East," not being allowed to alleviate in any way the brutal man-exterminating regime established for them. Members of the SA acted as guards in several "worker camps." The SA was one ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
role of the SD as that of political intelligence within both the Nazi Party and the Nazi State, whose task included the study and analysis of the political atmosphere and of the political trends and tendencies, both inside and outside the bounds of the Reich, for the purpose of keeping the Nazi leaders informed. The fu... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
Party. One of the main types of reprisal used against such elements was the utilization of the right of "preventive arrest" and "preventive imprisonment," which the Gestapo used widely both in the territory of the Reich and in the areas afterwards annexed or occupied by Germany. The places of preventive arrest were the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
Quislings, who was chief of the Serbian police during the German occupation, that the Gestapo organizations for Yugoslavia were planned in advance. In accordance with a preconceived plan, the police posts were distributed among the German residents of Yugoslavia. Exhibit Number USSR-509, submitted to the Tribunal by th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
exterminating several thousand Polish intellectuals when carrying out this atrocious mass operation. In accordance with Frank's decree of 9 October 1943, the notorious "Standgerichte" (Summary Courts), created "to suppress attacks on the work of German reconstruction in the Government General," also consisted of Gestap... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 31,050 | 31,550 |
custody." Thousands of Czech patriots, particularly physicians, teachers, lawyers, and clergy were arrested even prior to the war. In addition lists were compiled in each region of persons liable to be arrested as hostages at the first sign of disturbance of public order or security. Karl Hermann Frank, addressing lead... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 31,500 | 32,000 |
and mass actions, acting under the general political leadership of the members of the SD staff and with the assistance of officials of other police organizations, as well as units of the Waffen-SS, widely used for these purposes. Numerous cases of mass murder and torture of peaceful Soviet citizens by the Gestapo have ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 31,950 | 32,450 |
were chained. The arrested person was first of all stripped naked, then laid on the floor, his hands and legs shackled, after which he was beaten with rubber sticks. Sometimes a wooden board was placed on the back of the victim and sharp blows were then dealt with heavy weights on the board. The torture chamber was arr... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 32,400 | 32,900 |
It concerned the activity of detachments of the Security Police and SD in the prisoner-of-war camps. Your Honors also know the directive of Mueller, dated 9 November 1941 and sent to all departments of the Gestapo, concerning the disposal of the bodies of prisoners who had died on their way to the place of execution. T... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 32,850 | 33,350 |
or "Sicherheitsdienst" was usually referred to in the official police documents under the abbreviation of "SD." It was a secret espionage SS organization of the Party. The SD, as well as the SS, was organized by Himmler. The SD was that secret organization within the SS system which, after the seizure of power by the H... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 33,300 | 33,800 |
Fascist Germany. (2) The special tasks, with which was connected the, compilation of card files and lists of persons, primarily with reference to countries which were to be invaded. The card files and lists contained names of people who were to be subjected to the "special treatment," that is to say, either destroyed o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 33,750 | 34,250 |
can see that a system of Oberabschnitte for Prague, Bohemia, Moravia, Silesia, Waagtal, and others, was prepared and planned. The staffing of the Einsatzgruppen and Einsatzkommandos was entirely a task of the SD. In the document we read in this connection that "the staffing of the SD agencies should be effected with re... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 34,200 | 34,700 |
1941. The same criminal task was accomplished by the SD before the invasion of Yugoslavia. The Soviet Prosecution presented to the Tribunal a "research book" prepared by the so-called German Balkan Institute, "Sildostdeutsches Institut," which was connected with the SD. This book contained the names of over 4,000 Yugos... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 34,650 | 35,150 |
detective and information organization spread over the whole territory of the "old Reich," as well as throughout all the temporarily occupied territories and states. At a certain time it was the members of the SD who initiated the most cruel police measures of the Hitlerites. For this reason, the Soviet Prosecution, su... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 35,100 | 35,600 |
to the International Military Tribunal. And so we saw the peculiar spectacle of wolves turning into sheep! I do not know just what kind of naive people they expected to find here, Brauchitsch particularly, when he presented himself here as a confirmed pacifist. If we allow ourselves to believe him, we would then also h... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fifteenth Day | 35,550 | 36,050 |
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