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this connection it is an interesting fact that the Prosecution submitted an incomplete document which does not contain the letters of Lutze and Hess. From this document the SA Defense, according to the information which it had received, might have been able to derive only favorable material. In order to be able to prov... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
Post Office was occupied. But such things occur during any revolution; we might only recall some of the things that happened between 1918 and 1920. How the situation actually was, seen objectively, is shown by the affidavit of Dr. Staff, Brunswick. There it says: "The SA behaved in a manner which-, regarded from the le... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
transferred to the SA in 1933 and 1934. The original so-called "Traditions-SA" had had only 300,000 members, as was stated some time ago. The Stahlhelm, on the other hand, comprised more than one million members, most of whom differed considerably from the SA men of the period of struggle, both as regards their general... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
had been possible for them to resign immediately. The transfer took place as follows: on 27 April 1933 the entire Stahlhelm was placed under Hitler's orders by the leader of the organization, Seldte. On 21 June 1933 the Junior Stahlhelm, and on 4 July 1933 the entire Stahlhelm, were subordinated to the Supreme SA Leade... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
old uniforms, as well as of further connection with the Stahlhelmbund. This is shown by nearly all documents, affidavits, and testimonies. When these assurances were not put into practice the 156 28 Aug. 46 opposition group's resistance against Seldte increased. On the part of the National Socialist leaders of the Stat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
to the so-called "Old Fighters" of the SA. The above-mentioned exhibits, affidavits, and testimonies are irrefutable proof of this. Upon joining the SA the Stahlhelm. members brought with them their own Stahlhelm ideology, which differs in essential points from 157 28 Aug. 46 National Socialism. Politically speaking, t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 31,050 | 31,550 |
the Mounted SA (Reiter-SA). The testimony has very clearly shown that during the entire period of its existence, the Mounted SA possessed a far-reaching organizational independence. The aims, duties, and activities of the Mounted SA were not political, but limited to 158 28 Aug. 46 equestrian sports and the care and br... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 31,500 | 32,000 |
of the urban units was the organization of hunts and tournaments, just as is done by riding clubs everywhere in the world. As a rule they did not ride in uniform but in civilian clothes. The wives and children of the members took part in the riding. In rural areas their activity war mainly limited to instructing the fa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 31,950 | 32,450 |
propaganda articles by an unknown author which appeared in the periodical Der SA-Fuehrer . All the witnesses who have testified concerning the Mounted SA have reported that the contents of these editorials were in open contradiction to actual conditions. It has been repeatedly established in this Trial that the Party L... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 32,400 | 32,900 |
a mounted unit in case of conscription in the Army, just as an enthusiastic mountain-climber or skier prefers to do his military service in the mountain units. In practice, however, this desire was considered by the Wehrmacht only on very rare occasions, because after 1933 the Wehrmacht had almost completely deactivate... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 32,850 | 33,350 |
SA was probably not given complete independence for the reason that the Party leadership did not consider it politically reliable. Under these circumstances a conviction of the Mounted SA would be felt to be a grave injustice, quite apart from the fact that the reproach of preparing for a modern war should rather apply... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 33,300 | 33,800 |
whole organization was set up after 1933. Their duties consisted exclusively in water-sports activities. Compulsory enrolment in the SA was also the case with the border defense units, as will be seen from the collective summarization of affidavits. From them it can- be seen that this concerned a part of the SA which b... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 33,750 | 34,250 |
The greater part of these young men were at the front. Many sacrificed their health and their lives for the Third Reich, which demanded everything of them. They marched out believing in their duty, believing that they were performing their mission. Some of them came home from the World War deceived and disappointed, an... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 34,200 | 34,700 |
collective affidavits. As previously mentioned, on 30 January 1933 the traditional SA had 300,000 members. The Stahlhelm was incorporated in the SA by order, as follows: In the first batch there were 550,000 members; in the second batch there were 450,000 members. The following were transferred by order: The rural ridi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 34,650 | 35,150 |
shows that in general there can be no talk of voluntary membership in the SA, but that in the majority of cases membership was secured by virtue of orders or legal compulsion. Therefore, large numbers were incorporated in a body by virtue of official enactments or decrees by Hitler, which according to the Law concernin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 35,100 | 35,600 |
could not be expected to provide further employment (Document SA-220). It is not surprising that in the National Socialist State regulations were carried out before they became legally effective. In the official commentary by Pfundtner-Neubert the following is said concerning the decree of 28 February 1939: "This sort ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 35,550 | 36,050 |
those abuses, and is, therefore, free from guilt; (3) that these excesses can in no way be traced back to a criminal education, or in any way to a conspiracy with criminal aims. Truth and justice demand that an organization of millions, or its leadership, should not be declared criminal on account of these abuses by in... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 36,000 | 36,500 |
submitted in evidence it is stated that he condemned the so-called "Nazism" of the NSDAP. This is also the chief explanation of his universally known and implacable opposition to Himmler and Bormann. There was hardly a question on which he, as SA Chief of Staff, agreed with both of these men. This applies especially to... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 36,450 | 36,950 |
to submit a complete copy of my plea for translation, as I have omitted important parts, too. THE PRESIDENT: Certainly, certainly. Would the Prosecution like to begin today? SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: May it please the Tribunal. In 1938 Hitler spoke in the Reichstag, and I quote his words: "National Socialism has given th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 36,900 | 37,400 |
function which the General Staff and High Command must perform. Speed of government, denunciation, absence of free thought and speech, internal suppression, external trained and calculated force. These are the eternal interlocked weapons without which tyranny cannot flourish. These are but other names for the organizat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 37,350 | 37,850 |
large. We have a whole generation of the German people who know no other ways than those prescribed for them by their Nazi rulers -- young men and women whose first lessons were taught by Nazi teachers, whose education was had in Nazi schools, and whose sport and recreation were found in the military exercises of the S... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 37,800 | 38,300 |
attack on Articles 9 and 10 of the Charter, and the conclusion which is drawn, that the Tribunal should use the word "may" in Article 9 as a basis for saying on a purely a priori reasoning that no organization can be criminal is, in our submission, to make nonsense of Articles 9 and 10, and to fly in the face of their ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 38,250 | 38,750 |
until 29 August 1946 at 1000 hours. ] 174 27 Aug. 46 Volume 22 Menu 29 Aug. 46 Nuremberg Trials Page Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Thirteenth Day | 38,700 | 38,808 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 22 28 Aug. 46 Volume 22 Menu 30 A... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 0 | 500 |
organizations for which the British Delegation has taken 175 29 Aug. 46 particular responsibility and which, in the considered submission of all the four prosecuting powers, are criminal. But before dealing with that evidence I trust the Tribunal will bear with me if I make one or two general observations upon the defe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 450 | 950 |
come to me today when watching the very difficult work out there performed by the Security Police, supported by your men, who help them a great deal. Exactly the same thing happened in Poland, in weather 40 degrees below zero, where we had to haul away thousands, tens of thousands, hundreds of thousands; where we had t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
"Whether this is admitted or not!" Can you find one single man among the 102 witnesses that have been called on behalf of the Party organizations who is prepared to admit it--or anything like it? Can you find one word of admission from among the affidavits that have been submitted by over 312,000 members of these Party... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
you find them implicated in criminal activities of many kinds. I would ask you particularly to bear this in mind--that it was the normal procedure in the Corps of Political Leaders to pass nothing in writing below the rank of Ortsgruppenleiter. The Organization Book of the Party prescribed, I quote: "In principle, the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
they were entrusted, which included the responsibility of "assisting in forming the political judgment" on the members of their area. It has been suggested that Political Leaders--particularly in war time--were compelled against their will to assume their appointments. But the whole basis of the system was voluntary se... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
the NSDAP." there is one further matter upon which I ought to say a word of explanation. It has been argued by the Defense that a great number of the Amtsleiter on the staffs of the various Hoheitstraeger ought not to be included in any declaration of criminality that you make against the Corps of Political Leaders. In... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
the Prosecution do not seek a declaration of criminality against them. We include only Reichsleiter, Gauleiter, Kreisleiter, Ortsgruppenleiter, Zellenleiter, and Blockleiter and the Amtsleiter or heads of offices on the staffs of the Reichsleitung, Gauleitung, and Kreisleitung--those Political Leaders who, organized on... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
leadership of the people in his own hand..." (D-75, USA-348). We see one of the ways in which the Leadership Corps assisted in putting the leadership of the people into the Fuehrer's own hand from the evidence of the Political Leaders' activity during the voting in 1936 and 1938, and we see here the participation of al... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
were happening only in Erfurt. In the Gau Coblenz the Kreisgeschaeftsfuehrer of Kochem, "where supervisory control was ordered in several Ortsgruppen," assured the SD that it was mostly women who voted "no" or invalidly (R-142, USA-481). In Rothenburg the Party carried out demonstrations against the Bishop who had refu... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
decree, which is well known to the Tribunal, and I can go on at the words on Page 18. How can we doubt that it was the generally accepted policy of all Political Leaders when, whatever Hitler may have said in the Party Program about a "positive Christianity," Bormann was writing to the Gauleiter in 1941 after his notor... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
of the Nazi Party women's organization was taking a leading part (1507-PS, GB-535). It was only by acquiring complete control of the State and of the people that the Nazi Government were enabled to carry out their criminal aims. The Political Leaders were an essential element in the acquisition of this control. They su... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
to the Nuremberg Decrees, and that they welcomed measures which tended to restrict the influence of the Jews; in view of the part we know they played in the 1938 demonstrations--can there be any doubt that throughout these years they were actively participating in the continuous slander and persecution of the Jewish pe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
of course that the German offices in Hungary did everything possible after 19 March to eliminate the Jewish element as rapidly and as completely as was at all possible. In view of the proximity of the Russian front, they commenced with the cleaning up of the Northeastern area, (Northern Transylvania and Carpathian terr... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
if they were exaggerated they are not denied. The article, which I append as a footnote, makes five main points: "a) The measures carried out up to that date, namely, elimination of Jews from the various walks of the German people, and expelling the Jews completely from Reich territory, were no longer possible by emigr... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
that the business discussed at the Gauleiter Staff Conference at Marburg included the transfer to Serbia of 2,000, the placing of hundreds in concentration camps, and retaliatory shootings. In June of 1942, when the subject was the evacuation of the prison of Cilli, it is stated that the prisoners were to be transferre... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
if possible, be removed from the community of the home and can be quartered in stables, et cetera . No remorse whatever should restrict such action" (EC-68, USA-205). We ask: can it really be possible that instructions of that nature were issued in Karlsruhe and nowhere else? Is it possible that while the Poles in Bade... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
collapsed already, I telephoned Fraeulein Block and asked for an increase In the food as the special ration had ceased from the second day onwards. As my telephone conversations were unsuccessful, I again visited Fraeulein Block personally. Fraeulein Block refused in a very abrupt manner to give any further special rat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
foreigners" (315-PS). But the need for increased war production was all-important and, notwithstanding the fears his representative had expressed at the meeting in March, on 5 May 1943 Bormann issued from the Party Chancellery a memorandum to all Reichsleiter, Gauleiter, Verbandsfuehrer, Kreisleiter and Ortsgruppenleit... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
is perhaps worth noting the action--or as it might more accurately be described, as a lack of action--which the National Socialist welfare organization took ... THE PRESIDENT [Interposing] : Sir David, could you tell us what the word "Kreisobmann" means? SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: It is the representative of the Labor Fro... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
of all Gauleiter to ascertain that the law regarding hereditary health will in future be used in the sense in which it was designed.... He must investigate whether the person about to be sterilized has achieved very outstanding merits for the National Socialist Movement. If the Gauleiter reaches this conviction and fee... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
and we happen to have a file which shows the part the Political Leaders of Franconia were taking. Can one doubt, when one reads those letters, that the same thing must have been happening in every other area in Germany where these murderous commissions were at work? Bormann writes to the Gauleiter of Franconia and one ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
demanding notification in a more clever form when 30,000 had been 196 29 Aug. 46 dispatched and four times as many were waiting; of the doubts of the Kreisleiter of Erlangen; of the grave difficulties as to notification which faced the Kreisleiter of Ansbach. Neither the Kreisleiter nor any of the others appear to have... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
absolutely ridiculous to want to take 197 29 Aug. 46 away by an oral confession the possible sins of people some of whom completely lack all mental powers" (D-906). My Lord, it has become manifest during these proceedings that other Political Leaders share the views of that Ortsgruppenleiter as to the absurdity of any ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
assigned to the Prisoner-of-War Organization have been instructed to co-operate most closely with the Hoheitstraeger; the commanders at the prisoner-of-war camps have to detail immediately liaison officers to the Kreisleiters. Thus the opportunity will be afforded the Hoheitstraeger to alleviate existing difficulties l... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
be a good time to break off? SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: Yes, My Lord. THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn. [A recess was taken.] SIR DAVID MAXWELL-FYFE: In August 1943 Himmler instructed the Police that it was not their task to interfere in clashes between Germans and terror fliers (R-110, USA-333). Gauleiter were to... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
considered it impossible that any German Air Force commander would be willing to do this. Then Giesler said he would see to it that something would be put into the soup of the prisoners, that is, he threatened to poison them. On my own initiative I sent an inquiry to the Inspector of Concentration Camps by teletype and... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
recognizable in law as such, either physical or as a result of legal decrees. Then, My Lord, I have set out, for the assistance of the Tribunal, the English law on compulsion. I do not intend to trouble the Tribunal with it for the moment. It takes the rest of Pages 4l and 42. If I might, My Lord, I should like to cont... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
the SA was voluntary in 1933 and this did not change.... A man could resign from the Reiterkorps, but he had to give up his sport inasmuch as the riding installations were no longer at his disposal. "The Riders' Association"--he said--"submitted to the process of co-ordination because it enabled them to continue their ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
be right could continue to do so without any dire results. Himself a civil servant and a leading member of the Stahlhelm in 1933, he resigned on its amalgamation with the SA, refused to join the SA, the Party, or any other Party organization, yet nevertheless continued to hold his position until the end of the war. Evi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
be compulsory for all German students, connoted membership of the SA, there could be no question of "offering" them "the possibility" of joining. You may think that in Munich, the heart of National Socialism, the decree of the Supreme SA Leadership of 27 March was deliberately misinterpreted to suit the desire of a par... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
voluntary nature of this organization. How can it be maintained that all civil servants, whose total number the witness Boley gave as 3 million, a million Stahlhelm members, 100,000 students, 200,000 Reiterkorps members, and others besides, were all compelled to join the SA, when the total membership of that organizati... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
we believe that we are also justified in asking for the exclusion of certain sections of the Stahlhelm. So that you may understand the grounds for this recommendation, it may be of assistance if I briefly remind you of the structure and history of that organization. It was composed of: (1) The Scharnhorst, which was th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
SA." To exclude the whole of the Stahlhelm would entail the exclusion of men like Juettner and many other Stahlhelm members who were to form the nucleus of the SA. We believe that a just and practical distinction may be drawn between these two classes. In July and August of 1935 the assurance which had been held out to... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
against this organization, is inaccurate and does not truly represent either the policy or the activities of the SA. You have heard the evidence for and against this proposition. I need only remind you that the paper was published by the official Nazi publishing house, the Eher Company, which published also Mein Kampf ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
is not one word on the ordinary matters of decent living, of the interests and activities and the ways of life of ordinary, decent, civilized, peaceful citizens--the things which fill great portions of the newspapers and literature of decent, law-abiding, peaceful countries. Compare, the literature of the SA with that ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
have it in mind that all the documentary evidence upon this question, which is being submitted to you in the Defense document book, is of Nazi origin and authorship. You may think 210 29 Aug. 46 that that description of the SA as a defensive organization is wholly inconsistent with the evidence you had from the witness... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
the good reputation of an SA man was based on the effectiveness with which he 'educated' his prisoners.... "Brawls could no longer be staged in the fight for power, yet the fight went on; only the blows were now struck in the full enjoyment of power." Gisevius went on to describe in more detail the illegal arrests of p... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
the Police--were under orders to condone and to assist. They ran no risks; their victims had no court nor protection to which they could appeal. This was nothing but sheer sadism, criminal brutality, encouraged by the Party and the SA leadership. You have the evidence of Geist, the American Consul: "I personally can ve... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
the Kreisleiterin instructed all her Nazi women to accompany SA storm troopers to attend the service in Freising church. It was SA men who arranged for the bells to ring during the Cardinal's service. It was SA men who afterwards led Hans Hiedl out into a field at night and beat him unmercifully for his resentment at t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
"1 April 1933: All Jewish stores are closed. At their entrances SA sentries are standing" (2409-PS, USA-262). It was only an example of how tbroughout all Germany the SA provided the Nazi Government with a means of putting its 214 29 Aug. 46 policy into effect. The instructions issued by the Defendant Streicher and his... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
of 10 November: "On the order of the Gruppenfuehrer all the Jewish synagogues within the 50th Brigade are to be blown up or set on fire immediately.... The action is to be carried out in civilian clothes" (1721-PS, USA-425). You will remember also the reports of the different SA Fuehrer to the SA Group Headquarters of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
received a more damning testimony. I pass to the preparation for war and wartime activities 216 29 Aug. 46 Immediately after the Nazi Party came to power the SA became the embryo army with which the Nazis commenced their preparation for aggressive war. Geist, the American Consul, tells you: "Particularly through the ye... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
217 29 Aug. 46 (2820-PS, USA-427; 1849-PS and GB-610; 2401-PS, USA-430; D-918, GB-594). We know also that as early as July 1933 the SA had formed specialized units such as signals and motorized companies and separate air wings. The SA Command was anxiously stressing the need for secrecy in the case of any publications,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
organized by the SA, ...arms supplied by the Austrian SA. With magnificent camaraderie and unselfishness, the SA Leadership had looked after the Free Corps materially. Equipping and feeding remained in the care of the NSDAP and the SA." My Lord, I add, to remind the Tribunal that in the appendix to that document there ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
he would be hanged" (D-964, GB-597). Their work consisted of digging up mass graves: "We dug up altogether 80,000 bodies .... Amongst those I dug up I found my own brother" (D-964, GB-597). At Vilna, too, SA guards were forcing the Jews to extract the gold from, the teeth of their dead brothers with prongs, washing it ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
of Major Barrington, who were helping me at the time. And the fact that it has an exhibit number is prima facie evidence that the Tribunal accepted it. THE PRESIDENT: I think you had better go on. If Dr. Boehm can produce evidence that it was rejected, it will be stricken from your speech and will be disregarded. SIR D... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
Commander of the Security Police and SD in Krakow, in writing to the Defendant Frank, tells of the work of a special SA Einsatzkommando which was formed for the purpose of collecting workers from the civilian population. The Generalkommissar for White Ruthenia reported in June 1943 that, "By order of the Chief of Band ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
SA men provided the guards. Can we picture the conditions in which these shirkers and delinquents lived-or died? Violence and murder and mastery of the -streets during the years of struggle! Illegal arrest, unauthorized concentration camps, unbelievable sadism during the years of triumph, 1933 and 1934! Ruthless suppre... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
and, apart from their common role with the SA and their special position as Hitler's bodyguard, they had no other particular tasks. After the Nazi Party had come to power, however, and particularly after 1934, its members increased and its organization expanded and became more complex. New units were created, such as t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
not include the Totenkopf SS which provided the guards. Waffen-SS men also provided the manpower of the various Nazi genocide organizations operating, within and on behalf of the SS, the Race and Settlement Main Office, the Office of the Reichskommissar for the Consolidation of German Folkdom, the central office for pe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
races. The SS was the chosen instrument for this plan which "outheroded Herod." This plan could only be executed by the use of the whole of the SS, of every branch of the SS working in unison and in co-operation with each other. The evidence given in this Trial has shown that the crimes of the Nazi conspirators could n... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
included its strength in 1940 and all subsequent reinforcements, both voluntary and compulsory; 340,000 amounts to only just over one-third of that total. On the question of the date at which recruits were first conscripted into the SS there is considerable evidence to refute this witness. In February 1940 Hess was ins... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
number of men were compulsorily enrolled ought not and cannot afford this organization a defense. The instances of crime committed by the SS during the war are so widespread, so constant, and so vast that you are compelled to infer that the vast majority of its members, whether in the first place they joined voluntaril... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
more advanced course. When they joined the SS, to whatever part they went they saw the practical application of all that they had learnt before. Everywhere, in every office, in every unit, murder was the trade. And wherever murder was to be done it was the members of the SS that were enrolled to do it. The Ahnenerbe wa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
SS. You will remember the Globocznik report, the action in which thousands of Poles were removed from their homes and 178 million Reichsmark acquired for the WVHA and which, in the words of Globocznik himself, was, I quote: "...carried out by order"--of the Reichsfuehrer SS--"and only the decency and honesty as well as... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
length and breadth of the Greater Reich. Let us ignore them although they did not constitute one sudden wave of crime but were being done day after day over the years. Let us ignore the fact that in almost no instance of crime of which we have heard were any other than SS men involved. Let us ignore all this if you wis... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
hard" (1919-PS, USA-170, Page 65). Can you see him telling all the commanding officers of one of his divisions: "Anti-Semitism. is exactly the same as delousing. Getting rid of lice is not a question of ideology, it is a matter of cleanliness. In just the same way anti-Semitism for us has not been a question of ideolog... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
Leaders, the SA and the SS to which I desire to draw your attention. It was these organizations which provided the machinery by which the crimes that these defendants conceived were executed. These three organizations were not separate and distinct from each other, as their counsel have attempted to portray them. It wa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
"The deed and intention of the SA men were only aimed at the well-being of the National Socialist movement. Political reason and the purity of intentions is thus beyond doubt" (D-936, GB-616). When judges not yet accustomed to these new conceptions of law did convict SA guards who, I quote, "not only attempted to wring... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
motivated by decent National Socialist attitude and initiative, had overshot their mark" (3036-PS, USA-332). In those few lines you have the secret of all the death and suffering, the horror and tragedy, that these defendants and the members of these organizations have brought upon the world. You see to what depths of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
to be weighed against a rubber stamp. I need not traverse the history of our military figures--the philosophy of Montrose, the brooding thoughts of Marshal Ney, the troubled heart of Robert E. Lee in 1861--to find examples. Two of the greatest names in German military history spring to one's mind: Von Clausewitz leavin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
I wish to make two points only. Some question has been raised as to the position of those known Nazis who joined the Cabinet in 1933. If anyone in that Cabinet did not know to what he was committing himself on 30 January 1933, he had a very good idea in March when the Jews were attacked. His knowledge increased in Apri... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
the "domestic fury and fierce civil strife," the results of which Mark Anthony was prophesying, are an inconsiderable bagatelle beside the facts which we have had to consider. It is not merely the quantity of horrors-although these organizations have been the instruments of death for 22,000,000 people it is the quality... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 28,350 | 28,850 |
happy as her day, And laughter learnt of friends, and gentleness, And hearts at peace...." are not the prerogative of any one nation. They are the inalienable heritage of mankind. THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn. [A recess was taken.] MR. THOMAS J. DODD (Executive Trial Counsel for the United States): Since th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
That Police State was the political Frankenstein of our era, which brought terror and fear to, Germany and spread horror and death throughout the world. The Leadership Corps of the Nazi Party was its body, the Reich Cabinet its head, its powerful arms were the Gestapo and the SA, and when it strode over Europe its legs... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
of the Charter, that is to say, it must be an aggregation of persons associated in some identifiable relationship, having a collective general purpose, or pursuing a common plan of action. (2) Membership in the organization must have been basically voluntary, that is to say, the membership of the organization as a whol... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
term "Politische Leiter" is not one we have invented for the purpose, of giving an appearance of cohesion to a number of unrelated individuals performing similar, but un-co-ordinated, functions in the Party. The Organization Book of the NSDAP itself deals with all these Party workers as a unit under the designation "Po... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
Dr. Lammers of 17 September 1939 to members of the Council of Ministers for the Defense of the Reich. The Secret Cabinet Council, an advisory body on foreign policy, consisting of eight members, was an identifiable unified aggregation, as appears from the decree which created it. The inclusion of these three classes un... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
a clearly identifiable membership which rose to about 600,000 toward the end of the war, composed of persons who met the same basic uniform standards of race ideology. 'Despite its many functions and activities and its numerous departments and offices and branches, it was an integrated and unified organization and it w... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 31,050 | 31,550 |
known as V-men, and by spies in other lands; but we do not include honorary informers who were not members of the SS. Nor do we include and I insert this-members of the Abwehr who were transferred to the SD toward the end of the war, except insofar as such Abwehr members also belonged to the SS. Now, if it is asked whe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 31,500 | 32,000 |
department under Mueller. The Einsatz groups of the Security Police and SD--and it is very important, we think, that the full title be held in mind at all times--were the offices of the Security Police and SD operating in the field behind the Army. When police control had been sufficiently established in newly occupied... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 31,950 | 32,450 |
membership itself. The willing submission of the SA man to the SA Command is not the same thing as compulsory and involuntary entry into the organization. Applicants for the SS not only were volunteers, but in addition they had to meet the strictest standards of selection, as is illustrated in the SS Soldier's Manual ,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 32,400 | 32,900 |
and fundamentally voluntary, as we claim it was, then it follows automatically that the SD membership was likewise voluntary. The Gestapo was at all times a State organization, a branch of the Government similar in all usual respects to, other branches of the Government. In considering the voluntary character of its me... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 32,850 | 33,350 |
as legal compulsion justifying continued membership in an organization of such notorious criminality. There may be particular instances where some members of the Army Secret Field Police were later transferred from the military to the Gestapo. In such instances, these individuals may have gained on the basis of militar... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 33,300 | 33,800 |
to detect and suppress internal 249 29 Aug. 46 opposition; and some servile soldiery to prepare and carry out the expansion of the regime through aggressive war. Each of the organizations continued to play a necessary and vital part at all times throughout the conspiracy. The program of the Nazi regime stemmed from the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 33,750 | 34,250 |
plans for a powerful German army. When it became 250 29 Aug. 46 a question of exterminating the population of conquered territories, of deporting them for slave labor, and of confiscating their property, the OKW and the SS had to plan joint operations and, in collaboration with the Gestapo, to carry them into effect. T... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol22): Two Hundred and Fourteenth Day | 34,200 | 34,700 |
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