text stringlengths 282 15k | source stringclasses 885
values | word_start int64 0 7.81M | word_end int64 210 7.81M |
|---|---|---|---|
whose posts were only temporary, not permanent. According to the lists that makes 56 persons and for all practical purposes of judgment that number need not be taken into account. In this list are shown also the many cases where commanding generals were relieved of their positions on account of serious differences of o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
evidence, but the documentary character of the document cannot be destroyed; therefore, this list, too, should be admitted. THE PRESIDENT: Hasn't Document Number 13, that is to say .the subject of the attitude of the generals to the Commissar Order, already been dealt with before the Commission? DR. LATERNSER: Yes, Mr.... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
Document Number Mil-13, the most important thing is the list, and the affidavits which are attached are merely an appendix to that list. They are intended to give an explanation of the list. The main feature of this document, therefore, is the list and not just the explanatory affidavit, so that it would not have been ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
like to continue on that page. From what has been said it is shown that the Reich Commissioner had to assume only a limited responsibility for the German Police, that is to say, insofar as he used them for the execution of his orders in civilian matters. When the Reich Commissioner called for their help, the Police as ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
Dutch people to decide what was to be the fate of the Jews. It was quite natural and obvious for the Jews, as a result of the treatment they had experienced in Germany and later in the occupied countries, to become no matter what their nationality the most bitter opponents of National Socialist Germany That had to be t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
the Merchant of Venice: "For sufferance is the badge of all our tribe'" they not only placed their property at the disposal of the resistance movement but also their lives. The Reich Commissioner could not close his eyes to this fact. Because of the great number of persons involved, it was simply not possible to mete o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
the Jews affected by the restrictive regulations in two districts of Amsterdam and in two camps, where they were to live under their own administration. One of the camps was Westerborg, where they had a Jewish camp police of their own. On the outside, the camp was under the supervision of the Dutch police. When, in the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
supervise the transport of the Jews in Holland and in many cases succeeded in getting the Higher SS and Police Leader to remedy bad conditions. Most of the Jews were taken to Poland, and probably one of the most terrible sentences is that to be found in Exhibit Number USA-195-a document submitted by the Prosecution-whi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
myself was deeply moved. This is the document which, together with the so-called Hossbach document-the last will of Hitler of the year 1937-I have especially submitted to my client. As for the Hossbach document, in which the evacuation of 1 million Austrians was demanded, Dr. Seyss-Inquart told me that he had never see... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
First of all I should like to present the testimony of a French medical doctor, who himself was a prisoner in an extermination camp for a long time. This is Dr. Goutbien from Montgeron (Seine-et-Oise), who writes: "It is difficult for a normal human being to picture exactly what a concentration camp, which is designate... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
of higher officials of the Third Reich, for if they followed up these things, the Police learned about it and took care to see that the bearers of such "atrocity propaganda" kept silent. Therefore, as time went on one refrained from telling anything to these officials. But the most important testimony is that of one wh... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
an immediate stand against the sterilization of women and made a statement to the Christian Churches that no coercion must be exercised. As a matter of fact, after a short time there were no further cases. As regards the case itself, the defendant can only be made responsible insofar as he did not take an immediate sta... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
defendant. From the autumn of 1944 on, the situation with regard to food supplies deteriorated considerably. Most of the country was in the fighting zone after the invasion, and the traffic routes had been smashed by countless air attacks. This created a very difficult food situation, particularly in the west of Hollan... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
of the churches and of the Red Cross, although the Geneva badge was often misused by the resistance movement. The Crown Prince of Sweden, as President of the Swedish Red Cross, expressed his special thanks to the Reich Commissioner. Finally, the Reich Commissioner contacted the Dutch Government-in-Exile through their c... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
the people against such ideas. In fact, the "scorched earth" order was given and it would have meant the destruction of all technical installations in Holland, including dams and locks, and laying waste two-thirds of the country. Acting together with Minister Speer and Doenitz, he prevented all this. This has also been... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
demand unintentionally obstructs the road to a lasting peace. The sin against the spirit is the basic error of National Socialism and the source of all crimes, says M. De Menthon; National Socialism is based on racial theory, a product of German mentality. But M. De Menthon rightly explains that National Socialism is t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
France, one of the oldest countries of Christendom, the country which at the end of the eighteenth century proclaimed the Rights of Man, has today the special mission and responsibility of saving western civilization. To achieve this, however, it is necessary that distrust, which poisons the life of all peoples, should... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
right to try the Defendant Bormann in his absence, and secondly that if it has the right it is not advisable. Both these points were considered on the 17th of November 1945, and were decided on the 22d of November 1945, after you had been appointed; and both were decided in favor of trying Bormann in his absence. That ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
the filing of these pages of your speech. But the Tribunal does not propose to reconsider its decision. DR.BERGOLD: Mr. President, one piece of evidence did not come up until the end of my case-the testimony of the witness Kempka. In my opinion, this statement by the witness Kempka made the probability of Bormann's bei... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
without any further procedure as soon as he is found. But in my opinion it has not been proved at all that the defendant is willfully fleeing justice. I think that, as revealed by the examination of the witness Kempka, it is even highly probable that the Defendant Bormann is already dead. Witness Kempka has stated that... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
Tribunal for trial. 114 22 July 46 Where are only two possibilities-at least in my opinion-namely, that the wounded Bormann fell into the hands of the U.S.S.R.- having been proved not to be true, there remains only the second possibility-namely, that Bormann lost his life. I am therefore of the opinion that I have show... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
all logic and reason, would have had to indict the real heads of National Socialism. But apart from all this, it is not at all proved, in my opinion, that the Defendant Bormann is intentionally evading trial as long as the possibility exists that the defendant is dead. It is true that 115 22 July 46 the Charter does no... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
Bormann even now. Such a decision, however, is also justified according to the second principle, which was formulated by the Russian law, namely, that proceedings shall, as a rule, be admitted only if the facts of the case no longer leave any room for doubt. The Defendant Bormann is absent. He has not been able to defe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
in Volume II of the official collection of Verfuegungen, Anordnungen and Bekanntgaben der Parteikanzlei, Page 228, submitted as Document Number Bormann-ll in my document book, it is stated that the Party Chancellery was an agency of Hitler, which he used for directing the NSDAP. Stress is laid on the fact that on 12 Ma... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
not heard, personally, the true part he played remains obscure. Nobody, not even the High Tribunal, could ever pass just sentence. All the facts remain dubious. They remain dubious even in the individual points. I would like to demonstrate this by just a few examples. My esteemed colleague of the Defense, Dr. Thoma, ha... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
between the extent and severity of the punishment for such clerical work; and that should fall upon a man whose collaboration was a decisive factor in causing such orders and decisions and who by his influence and advice led the chief of the state to issue them. All this is not clear in Bormann's case and continues to ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
as it followed from his position as Party secretary. Even the big conference of 12 November 1938, which was held under the chairmanship of Herr Goering and from which emanated a series of laws against the Jews, can only be brought into relationship to Bormann insofar as Bormann forwarded to Goering Hitler's instruction... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
a conclusion at the end of his letter. It goes without saying that failure to support a religious concept which one opposes on philosophical grounds does not constitute religious persecution. Nobody is obliged to support a religious view. It is not fair to consider his antireligious attitude and to disregard the fact t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
That Bormann might have been coresponsible for the persecution of priests has not even been submitted or proved at all. All documents indicate that Bormann always adhered to the legal stipulations in effect; and since he desired to comply in every way with Hitler's orders, it is to be assumed that he observed Hitler's ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
Kubuschok on behalf of the Defendant Von Papen. DR. EGON KUBUSCHOK (Counsel for Defendant Von Papen): Before beginning my final plea I should like to submit to the Tribunal a few completed interrogatories which have since been received and of which some have also been translated. Since I refer to them in my final plea,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
present written form the reference is very brief and does not even consist of a sentence. Besides . . . THE PRESIDENT: When you get to it.. . DR. KUBUSCHOK: Shall I read it then? THE PRESIDENT: Yes. DR. KUBUSCHOK: Very well. I have submitted the completed interrogatory of Tschirschky as Document Number Papen-103 and th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
out of the record if they object to it. MAJOR JONES: Yes, My Lord. That would be quite a convenient course for the Prosecution, My Lord. DR. KUBUSCHOK: I shall read from that affidavit from Rademacher von Unna, dated 29 May 1946, which was executed in Milan, half of the penultimate paragraph. The executor of the affida... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
the Indictment deal with a field of activity which is in itself a legal one, and since the criminal element cannot be introduced into the individual acts except in the direction of their aims, judgment of the Papen case lies essentially in the subjective sphere. The Prosecution are faced with the fact that Papen's own ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
during his chancellorship, and finally his departure from office are too clear to allow us to read into them a promotion of National Socialist ideas, a paving of the way for National Socialism, or even participation in a conspiracy allegedly already in existence. The Papen Cabinet was formed at the time of an unusual e... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
by the use of funds to consist of the future savings in public taxes if the measures were successful. The economic laws were based only on this exploitation of financial possibilities. No use was made of unproductive public work projects intentionally, nor was the labor market artificially stimulated by armament orders... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
all the easier if the firm conviction were there that a share in the responsibility of government would turn the opposition party from its radical course and above all curb it considerably in its further development. The best evaluation of Papen's governmental activity, seen from the standpoint of the National Socialis... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
from the decree would bring about an immediate prohibition of the organizations as such, would prevent just such pernicious results. The claim of the Prosecution that the repeal of the prohibition concerning uniforms was the main cause of the increase in the number of National Socialist seats at the July election is co... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
this influence it would have been obliged to share the responsibility through its participation in the government. Seen in retrospect from the standpoint of the opposition to National Socialism one could indeed have welcomed nothing more enthusiastically than just such a participation by the Party in the government, li... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
of the change was only that, on the one hand, an effective co-operation was now assured with the Reich authorities and, on the other hand, new people filled some political positions which up to now had been the almost exclusive monopoly of the Social Democrat Party to an extent which, from the point of view of parity, ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
Indictment, be considered as evidence of intentional planning of a crime in the sense of the Charter. The purpose of this count of the Indictment must be considered. By maintaining all parliamentary rules Hindenburg, in his capacity as chief of State, appoints a Government the head of which is the leader of the stronge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
government. Schleicher as well as Hindenburg endeavored to obtain parliamentary support for the Schleicher Cabinet through negotiations with the leaders of the parties, efforts which failed, however, due to the pressure of the political facts. The main effort was to split up the National Socialist Party by inviting the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
of 30 June 1934 obviously collaborated in isolating Hindenburg from all those who could give him a true presentation of the events. I make these remarks because a part of a Meissner Affidavit was read during the hearing of evidence against Papen. Although according to the decision of the Tribumal the part which was rea... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
the number of National Socialist ministers to a minimum. Three National Socialist members of the Government faced eight non-National-Socialists, who for the main part were taken over 136 22 July 46 from the former Cabinet and who guaranteed a conservative policy in their ministries. That was not all; within the framewo... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
the most important or which are the only ones to play a part at all-namely, the Foreign Office and the War Ministry-were placed in the hands of men who enjoyed Hindenburg's confidence and had had no connection at all with Hitler, and from whom an unbiased direction of the ministries could be 137 22 July 46 expected. It... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
greater tasks, the natural sense of responsibility would increase? And that, especially in view of the safety measures taken, matters would not take a dangerous course? It is not superfluous to discuss Hitler's personality in this connection. Hitler, especially after the failure of the attempt to split 138 22 July 48 t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
showed more and more toward nearly everybody in his immediate surroundings makes it particularly difficult to judge his personality. The individual facts which occurred lead, however, to the certain conclusion that Papen, too, despite the fact that he was close to Hitler, could not suspect him in 1933 of being the man ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
not guilty. If, even at this stage, somebody had co-operated in really giving the National Socialist Party an exclusive influence, there still would not be proof in this of a preparatory action for the punishable crimes in the sense of the Indictment. The program laid down by the National Socialist Party and the statem... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
is ever to be possible. Since in the framework of this Trial we do not have to judge considerations of political expediency and not even moral conceptions but only whether what happened was done with a criminal purpose in the sense of the Charter, the task set for the Defense is comparatively simple. In the legislation... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
reserved for the Reich President. The personal State Secretary of the Reich President declared in a cabinet session that he did not think it necessary that Hindenburg be given the responsibility of making all laws because of the latter's right to proclaim them. Von Papen's direct intervention with Hindenburg immediatel... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
all costs. I have already spoken of Question 18. From the answer to 18 it is also shown that Papen's firm attitude after 30 June was his insistence on resigning. Questions 19 to 23; here the second sentence of the answer is especially important: ". .. It is correct that Von Papen accepted the post of Ambassador Extraor... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
all Jewish government employees who were appointed after 1918 were also dismissed. As a rule, a right of pension was maintained. Papen's successful endeavor aimed to limit numerically the effect on the Jewish government employees concerned. He remonstrated with Hindenburg, who favored the idea of protecting war veteran... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
the Indictment. If in this the Prosecution have the sole purpose of showing that Papen has in this respect changed the point of view he advocated previously, it must be said that political opinions are in general subject to alterations and often must be altered, and that from a change of conception with respect to poli... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
time had come for him to make use of his right, granted to him by Article 56 of the Constitution of the Reich, to determine in his capacity as Reich Chancellor the fundamental lines of policy, even when the ministers opposed such a course. With respect to the constitutional situation I refer to Document Number Papen-22... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 28,350 | 28,850 |
with which even Hitler and his Party would not have been able to cope in a showdown. That is the reason for Hitler's endeavor to win Hindenburg's confidence, the reason for his comparatively cautious maneuvering during the time prior to Hindenburg's death, which by no means could envisage the intensified procedure late... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
arrested at that time knew of what had happened to their people. The extent of the secrecy is shown best by the fact that the witness Gisevius assumes that the conditions in concentration camps did not become generally known to Gestapo officials until 1935. Thus it seems to me quite clear that Papen knew very little ab... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
of evidence for the Reich Government. The anti-Jewish boycott, which was announced some days later and which was carried out on 1 April 1933, was, contrary to the opinion of the Prosecution, no government measure but exclusively a Party measure which Papen, too, as well as others in the Cabinet, sharply opposed. The pu... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
Locarno served to underline this conviction. The struggle in foreign politics for ideological values lay in a different direction. The question of eliminating the clause in the Versailles Treaty which stipulates Germany's exclusive guilt and the question of equal rights for this large country, which had pursued a persi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
a plebiscite enabling it to state its opinion. On the occasion of this plebiscite, Hitler, the Government, and Hindenburg issued proclamations which emphasized expressly that this step was not intended to constitute a change of policy but merely a change of method. Preparations for the plebiscite were carried out in li... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
to Document Number Papen-92 and to the meeting between Papen and the French Colonel Picot described therein, which is characteristic of Papen's attitude. In the new Government, Papen, as Commissioner for the Saar territory, paid special attention to this question. We see how he tried to avoid in the Saar question as we... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 31,050 | 31,550 |
with an unfavorable reception abroad, but it would nevertheless have been an internal German affair. The existence of the interstate treaty made these Church persecutions at the same time a violation of an international treaty and lowered our prestige. One cannot conclude a treaty for the purpose of gaining prestige if... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 31,500 | 32,000 |
such interventions ceased to exist. From all of Papen's speeches it is evident that his attempt at safeguarding the churches did not emanate from considerations of political expediency of the day but from his fundamental religious attitude. I believe there is no speech in which he did not express himself on this proble... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 31,950 | 32,450 |
in what form he heard of these occurrences at all. The German press did not publish anything about it, and in no case did such matters reach the public via internal Church Channels, as the Prosecution assume. In any case at that time Papen had no possibility whatsoever to intervene, being merely a private person and be... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 32,400 | 32,900 |
justice and of equality before the law were recognized. It could not have existed if freedom of religion were guaranteed. A Marxist mass theory cannot be upheld if the maxim of the individual's equality, common to all confessions, is advocated. Each of Papen's attacks in his Marburg speech-he had dealt with the racial ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 32,850 | 33,350 |
that whatever Papen's fate has been in the end, the measures taken against him and his people demonstrate his absolute opposition against Hitler and the Nazi policy. During the cross-examination the Prosecution presented letters to Papen which outwardly seem to show at first a certain divergence from his usual attitude... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 33,300 | 33,800 |
two it was necessary to assure Hitler of his irreproachable attitude.. In judging these letters it is not their form but their contents which is essential. The whole gist of the letters is the demand of rehabilitation for his own person and his associates. He demands court action. He advises Hitler to strike out from h... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 33,750 | 34,250 |
moment. He insists upon his resignation and demands immediate action on it, as the letter of 10 July 1934 shows; he refuses to play any part in future government activities. He leaves Hitler immediately after having had him called out of the Cabinet session on 3 July. He keeps aloof from the Reichstag session at which ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Third Day | 34,200 | 34,457 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 19 183 Day Volume 19 Menu 185 Day... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 0 | 500 |
46 small number of them realized the true danger of this development. Foreign countries were, for the most part, better informed of the events of 30 June than were the Germans themselves. A statement by Papen would not have made matters clearer to the German people. No conclusions were drawn from the available knowledg... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 450 | 950 |
camouflage-is again applied by the Prosecution to Papen's acceptance of the Vienna post. Before discussing this problem, let 161 23 July 4s me briefly state the following. In my opinion the final development in the Austrian question-which occurred after Papen's recall, and undoubtedly without his co-operation-namely th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
three episodes: The circumstance of his appointment on 26 July 1934; his letter to Hitler dated 16 July 1936-Defense Exhibit Papen-71, Document 2247-PS-after the conclusion of the July agreement; and his recall on 4 February 1938. The following circumstances led to his appointment. A crucial event had occurred: Dollfus... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
direct or indirect part in the criminal act-Landesinspektor Habicht. He asked that he himself be subordinated to Hitler personally in order to assure compliance with the conditions as he had proposed them, and to avoid their being weakened by administrative channels. He succeeded in doing something ordinarily impossibl... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
and the way in which it was carried out, than that furnished by this letter. And yet, what farfetched and dubious motives have been imputed to him in connection with this mission! He is said to have acted as Hitler willing tool in accepting the task of preparing and carrying out the forcible annexation of Austria. He i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
historical picture of Papen's activities. Only a fraction of the reports are in our hands. But if Papen sent carbon copies of all his reports abroad at the end of his period of activity, as the evidence has shown, he surely could only have done it in order to justify his policy of appeasement in the eyes of history. Th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
forwarded to Berlin. They believe that Papen had made use of the contents of these reports. This supposition must be wrong. The object of sending reports made by the foreign secret service to Berlin for purposes of information is clear. In addition, the following facts must be established: Papen also made a special poi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
from the diplomat of a country with which Germany was at war, from September 1939 on, seems particularly remarkable. Gavronski had an opportunity of observing Papen during the whole period covered by his activities in Vienna, from 1934 to 1938. In answering the questionnaire, the year 1937 was given by mistake instead ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
this meant also the head of the Party-could only be regarded, therefore, as reasonable. Papen's recall on 4 February threatened to interrupt this development. Perhaps the adoption of the extremist line of policy, which was expected, would cause the indefinite postponement of a meeting of this kind, which it was hoped w... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
Whether this is really in accordance with the facts was not disclosed by the evidence. The sole evidence which can be used in respect to this is the testimony of Schmidt. The latter was no longer in a position to state with certainty whether Papen had spoken of one general, namely, Keitel, who is known to have remained... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
to a reasonable degree in the prevailing conditions, Papen cannot be charged with approving and intending the result from the outset. Hitler's opinion of Papen's previous activities in Austria and the part he played in the conference at Berchtesgaden is best shown by the fact that no further post of any kind eras assig... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
made plain in Berlin. If, in conclusion, I may still refer to Papen's presence in Berlin on 11 March, I must say that even when I consider the matter in retrospect, I can give no clear explanation for Hitler's desire to have Papen in Berlin. There might have been many reasons. If Hitler had been, at that time, already ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
achievement. Papen, on the other hand, severely criticized Hitler's method and acknowledged anew those fundamental principles of legality and faithfulness which in this case had been abandoned-a step which, in the long run, would prove harmful to Germany. My conclusion is that-independent of the legal question of wheth... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
prove that the assertions made by the Prosecution, with regard to the earlier period, must be false. The Prosecution drop Papen at the end of his activities in Vienna and give no explanation for his inactivity since that time. There is no apparent reason or occurrence which might have induced such a change in conduct o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
with Turkey were to be feared. So there he had a clearly defined mission, that of maintaining peace. The Prosecution is unable to utilize his activities in Ankara in support of his case; it cannot refrain from judging Papen's acceptance of the post unfavorably. I am therefore compelled to go into this point also. Papen... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
the smallest possibility of attaining the desired goal. Finally, his acceptance of such a position would be justified from the moral point of view if he had had even an infinitesimal success, as, for example, the rescue of 10,000 Jews from deportation to Poland which has been confirmed by Marchionini's affidavit. In th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
of monstrous proportions. Such an Indictment must also take into consideration the personality of the accused. Participation in such conspiracy is only conceivable in the case of a man who identifies himself completely with the doctrines discussed in the proceedings under the name of "Nazism" and accepts their full imp... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
offered in refutation, facts are established which make it impossible to connect his person even remotely with the facts of the Indictment. The final conclusion is obvious: Franz von Papen is not guilty of the charge brought against him. THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal will adjourn. [A recess divas taken.] THE PRESIDENT: I... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
connection we must consider that criminality of attitude requires that the person in question must have contributed in some way to bring about the circumstances which have been declared punishable, that is, he must have functioned as a cause of the result which was declared punishable. If, however, as in the case under... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
to this point later, Mr. President, when I have concluded this topic. Naturally, it was for purely artistic reasons that the Party took over responsibility for building. It strove to give its buildings a uniformly representative character. Considering the peculiar nature of the architectural feeling, it was natural tha... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
states that services may only be demanded of nationals of the occupied country to cover the requirements of the occupying forces, that they must be in proportion to the resources of the country, and that they must not oblige the persons concerned to take part in military actions against their native land. In Article 2,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
so-called Vichy Government, then in power, was the only government existing in French territory; it was the lawful successor of the government in office before the occupation-and from the point of view of international law-by the fact that states which were at that time not yet involved in the war maintained diplomatic... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
Hague Convention on Land Warfare. It 'remains, however, to be seen whether the principle laid down in Article 46 of the Hague Convention on Land Warfare, with reference to the treatment of civilians in war, and the case of occupation of a belligerent country by the enemy, must not be considered as a universally valid i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
capacity 182 23 July 46 for production. This was the aim of the British blockade not only of Germany but of every country in the German sphere of influence. Dr. Kranzbuhler has already discussed the questions connected with this subject. I herewith refer to the relevant parts of his statement. From this point of view, ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
of warfare have been banned by treaties. But, as 183 23 July 46 far as principles are concerned-and that is the basis of my argument-the principles laid down in the Hague Convention have undergone no changes through treaties in the meantime. THE PRESIDENT: Yes. Then I understand you to say there has been no communicati... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
that, at least as far back as September 1942, foreign workers had ceased to come voluntarily to the Reich. He said he had countenanced that because there was no possibility of meeting the labor requirements otherwise. It must be 184 23 July 46 concluded from this declaration that the defendant was convinced of the nece... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
the fact that he wanted German workers first of all. In the defendant's opinion, an increased number of workers could have been found in the economic sector under his control without having recourse to foreign labor to the extent that it was done. The measures taken by the defendant to 185 23 July 46 prevent the transf... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
view were taken that the French Government was not entitled to take such measures and to issue such decrees. As the Defendant Speer stated, the French economic leadership obtained its independence through the agreement with Bichelonne, naturally with the restrictions imposed by the agreement. 186 23 July 46 As establis... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
was already at that time on bad terms with Sauckel. The order issued to Speer in the minutes of the Fuhrer conference, with reference to the control of the French armament industry, gave him a pretext for the establishment of protected 187 23 July 46 industries. For all practical purposes the termination of labor commi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
of the defendant within the framework of the Government could, if transferred to the sector of civil law, be compared with that of the technical plant manager of a factory, and in this case Sauckel's position would correspond to that of a director of the personnel office. In such a case the technical plant manager's du... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
of work of the Ministry of Labor, this activity represented only a small fraction of its over-all functions. The Defendant Speer declared in the course of his interrogation that the Ministry of Labor was constantly coping with the temperaments of the different Gauleiter in their districts, because it was the ambition o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
sphere of activity. The decree regarding the establishment of the Central Planning Board is given under Number 42 in Exhibit Speer-7. The scope of the Central Planning Board in labor questions is clearly outlined, and it is stated that the procurement and distribution of labor need not be included in the sphere of comp... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
no provision which would support the extension of compulsory labor service from German nationals to the inhabitants of the occupied territories. Since the Hague Convention on Land Warfare reflects the influence of a different concept of warfare, it is impossible that it should have taken into consideration conditions p... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.