text stringlengths 282 15k | source stringclasses 885
values | word_start int64 0 7.81M | word_end int64 210 7.81M |
|---|---|---|---|
self-defense" (das Recht der Selbsterhaltung; le droit de defense personelle). As brought out in detail by this opinion, this right of self-defense is generally recognized by international law. It suffices to point out here that this basic law is not affected by the Kellogg Pact, which has so often been mentioned in th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
in anticipation of the imminent danger which threatened. Another legal question arises therefrom: Assuming the same conditions, are countermeasures by a belligerent permitted only after the opposing belligerent has proceeded to violate neutrality, or is a reaction permitted beforehand in view of the imminently threaten... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
that the United States agreed with this standpoint of law, as is proved by the well-known message from the President of the United States to Congress of 7 July 1941, and the subsequent occupation of Iceland by armed forces of the American Navy. In accordance with these basic principles of law, the facts at hand must be... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
shipping association had made tanker tonnage of about one million tons available to Britain with the consent of the Norwegian Government (Document Number Raeder-68). In the winter of 1939-40, information took on a more definite form concerning espionage missions given by the British and French Secret Service to Norwegi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
decision was for a responsible man and soldier. Unfortunately, during the first months of the year 1940, the reports multiplied and kept becoming more certain. In March 1940 uncommonly many English-speaking persons could be seen in Oslo, and Raeder received very serious and credible information about impending measures... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
This is confirmed by General Gamelin in a note of 10 March 1940 (Document Raeder-79), and he adds that this opinion obtained the majority vote in the Supreme Council and that preparations for the Scandinavian expedition should be started immediately. And so it came about that the Franco-British fighting forces had been... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
The view thereby adopted by the Supreme Council with reference to the vital interests of the Allies coincides exactly with the legitimate notions of the "right of self-defense" as presented by me and is in complete contradiction to the interpretation of international law propounded by the Prosecution. The ultimate exec... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
British convoy could not depart before 8 April which with respect to the time schedule established would mean that the first French contingent would leave its embarkation port on 16 April" (Document Raeder-91). To complete the story it may be mentioned that the Norwegian operation was designated by the Allies by the ca... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
the answer to this question according to prevailing international law is definitely that, until hostilities begin, ships may sail with their own or with enemy or neutral flags or with no flags at all. I take the liberty, in this respect, of availing myself of Dr. Mosler's juridical treatment of the question in his opin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
peace, while Hitler, with his extreme nature, was opposed to conciliatory steps of that kind in occupied territories. Raeder also had differences with Hitler regarding Russia, because he was in favor of observing the German-Russian treaty, and declared himself opposed to breaking the Treaty and going to war with Russia... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
Raeder, as Commander-in-Chief of the Navy, to intervene in questions concerning foreign policy, that is to say, in things which did not belong in his department. If Raeder did on occasion undertake this contrary to the will of Hitler in cases of special importance, then he could do so only privately, and was then unabl... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
we were at war with England, and Raeder was forced to try to concentrate all his forces against that country. He was thus justified in suggesting that Japan-as Germany's ally-should attack England. Moreover this, the only discussion by Raeder, was not held until 18 March 1941, while Hitler had already in his Directive ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
with all the charges in the submission of evidence or in my final plea, and have made efforts to show as clearly as possible that none of them, partly on factual, partly on legal grounds, comply with the requirements of a criminal case within the meaning of this Charter. Insofar as I have not, in spite of my desire for... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
legal conclusion that Raeder cannot even by implication through the conspiracy be considered as burdened with these criminal facts, since he did not know of these events and had nothing to do with them. The case for the Prosecution is founded on a desire to see its basic theory accepted and acknowledged, namely, the co... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
according to local, functional, and technical points of view. Thereby it defines positively the limits within which each division is to become active, and at the same time it defines negatively the boundaries of such activity by specifying which problems no longer concern the agencies in question, that is to say, where... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
426 17 July war, his responsibility in respect to a strategic plan must be confined to the plan as such, but not to the possible origin of the war for which the strategic plan was worked out. This officially and legally important segregation of governmental departments and the distribution of authority was, in the inte... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
the destruction of the Romanian oil fields and especially of the oil sources in the Caucasus 427 17 July 46 (Document Number Ribbentrop-221 and Number Raeder-41). Particularly the plans concerning the Caucasus on the part of the Supreme Council, that is, the combined British and French General Staff, show the correctne... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
strength and power has not been sufficiently appreciated by the Prosecution, and has certainly not been taken 428 17 July 46 into consideration in the presentation of the facts and the legal conclusions. How great this power is, Gustave le Bon shows in his famous book Psychology of the Masses (published by Alfred Krone... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
be guilty, 429 17 July 46 because he, like many others within the country and abroad, did not recognize or see through Hitler and did not have the strength to resist the dynamic strength of a Hitler; but such an omission is no crime. What Raeder did or left undone in his life occurred in the belief that he was acting c... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
for the National Community (Volksgemeinschaft), which Hitler had evolved at that time, met with Schirach's wholehearted enthusiasm, because he 430 17 July 46 thought he saw reproduced therein on a full-size scale that which he had personally experienced in a small way in the comradeship of the country school and in his... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
points. The Defendant Schirach is first of all accused of the fact that before the seizure of power, that is, before the year 1933, he actively promoted the National Socialist Party and the youth organization affiliated with it and that he thereby contributed to the rise of the Party to power. He had been, as stated 43... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
the time, as stated quite correctly in the Indictment, he was devoted to Hitler with unconditional loyalty. If this was a crime on the part of young Schirach, a crime which millions of older, more experienced, mature Germans have committed with him, then you, as his judges, may condemn him for this if our code of law f... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
by the results of the evidence either. The 1aNv on the Hitler Youth of 1936 described Schirach's task as Reich Youth Leader as being "to educate youth, outside the parental home and outside school, physically, intellectually, and morally for service to the people and to the national community in the spirit of National ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
military weapon and which is not even mentioned in the enumeration of military weapons in the Versailles Treaty. The Hitler Youth movement in Germany did not possess a single military weapon, no infantry rifle or machine gun, no power-driven airplane, no cannon or tank, throughout its whole existence. After all, when s... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
by charging that he had ordered four or five hundred prisoners from the penitentiary in Hameln to be poisoned or shot. In this connection the American prosecutor had submitted seven affidavits under Exhibit USA-874, among them one by a certain Josef Kramer, who in fact made the assertion in his affidavit that the witne... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
not consider class and property, but only effort and achievement. The uniform of the Hitler Youth was for Schirach, as expressed further in this same book; "not the sign of any militarism, but the symbol of the idea of the Hitler Youth, namely, classless society," in the spirit of the election slogan which he gave the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
aims of the Hitler Youth education, but one must nevertheless consider and evaluate them when desiring to obtain a total picture of his personality, his activity, and his plans. Apart from this education of youth in terms of comradeship and of socialism in the sense of overcoming class distinction, Schirach had, as he ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
to England and France, in order to enable young people to get acquainted with and respect one another. Those very endeavors of Schirach's, which would be absolutely incompatible with any intention to prepare wars of aggression, received unreserved recognition abroad before the war. In 1937 in one of the special numbers... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
an enthusiastic article under the title, "Salute to France!" In it he writes, .for instance: "The rapprochement of our two peoples is a European task of such urgent necessity that youth has no time to lose in order to work for its achievement."-He then continues-"Youth is the best ambassador in the world; it is disinte... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
was active as Reich Youth Leader, not a single item is to be found in which he made inflammatory remarks in favor of war or preached attacks against other countries. The Prosecution has stated in this very connection that he referred to the "Lebensraum" in his book The Hitler. Youth, which I have repeatedly mentioned, ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eightieth Day | 17,100 | 17,518 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 18 Previous Day Volume 18 Menu Ne... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 0 | 500 |
July 46 This was the only object of the agreement of October 1938, which in reality had just as little to do with providing recruits for the SS as with the conduct and preparation of war. Moreover, it can clearly be seen how resolutely Schirach strove against any influence on the part of the Party over the Hitler Youth... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 450 | 950 |
Party Leader who constantly and invariably punished with extreme severity any hostile interference and outrages against the Church on the part of the Hitler Youth. He has also been reproached for the 443 18 July 46 fact that various songs were sung by the Hitler Youth which contained offensive remarks about religious i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 900 | 1,400 |
or the Party, as the Prosecution assumes, but upon the initiative of the Protestant ecclesiastical head and in complete agreement with him. It must be pointed out here that it was always Schirach's policy that no restrictions were to be imposed on church services by the Youth Leadership, neither then nor later. On the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
conditions intimately, evidently expected that Baldur Schirach would speak against the Church at the Reich Party Rally and would influence the young people in the spirit of enmity to the Church, as was often done by other leaders of the Party. Henderson writes, and I quote two sentences: "That day, however, it was Von ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
way or other with the persecution of the Church. The case mentioned by the Prosecution does not concern church property at all, but confiscated property of a Prince Schwarzenberg in his Vienna palace. This affair therefore never had anything to do with the Church. This is also confirmed unequivocally by Minister Lammer... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
any protest with the Reich Minister of the Interior against the decision to confiscate, and thereby recognized the confiscation as legal, although it had been expressly informed in the confiscation decree of the possibility of lodging a complaint. Moreover, the confiscated quarters were afterward not used for the estab... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
is beyond doubt that ecclesiastical circles in Vienna and the whole of the Viennese population appreciated Schirach's attitude toward the Church. This is also confirmed by the witness Gustav Hoepken who was examined here and who, by order of Schirach, held regular conferences with a Vienna theologian, Professor Ens, in... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
other visitors were shown only orderly conditions, which at a superficial glance appeared to be better than in some ordinary prisons. As a result, Schirach only knew that since 1933 there were several concentration camps in Germany where, as far as he knew, incorrigible habitual criminals and political prisoners were c... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
they should be saved from physical and moral neglect. The Defendant Von Schirach doubts whether this can be looked upon as a crime against humanity, or as a war crime; but one thing is certain, that the Defendant Von Schirach did not know anything of that affair at the time. He was not the competent authority. That ent... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
to the defendant. I shall not go into either the repeated efforts on behalf of peace undertaken by the Defendant Schirach and his friend Dr. Colin Ross, nor shall I discuss the merits of the defendant with reference to the evacuation of children to the rural areas, which took millions of children from bomb-endangered d... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
laws; he has nothing whatsoever to do with their content and their formulation. That has been proved here. When on 10 November 1938 he heard about the pogrom against the Jews and about the brutal excesses which were staged by Goebbels and his fanatic clique his indignation became known throughout the entire youth movem... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
from the Defendant Schirach by a letter dated 3 December 1940 (1950-PS), which shows with all clarity that it was not Schirach who ordered the evacuation of the Viennese Jews to the Government General but Hitler himself, and that again it was not Schirach who carried out this measure but the Reichsfuehrer SS Himmler, w... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
He had no competence in the question of the deportation of the Vienna Jews, he did not participate in it at all, and having too little power he could not have prevented it in any case. It is just as the Prosecution incidentally stated: He boastfully attributed to himself an action which in reality he had never committe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
to how the Vienna speech came about, for it reveals that Schirach had expressly charged his press officer Gunther Kaufmann to emphasize this particular point when telephoning his report of the Vienna speech to the German News Agency in Berlin, because he, Schirach-I quote-"had to make a concession to Bormann in this re... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
of its genesis coincide with the statements of the Defendant Schirach at the meeting of the city councillors of Vienna on 6 June 1942 (Document Number 3886-PS), to the effect that in the late summer and autumn of that year all Jews would be expelled from the city, and likewise with the file note of Reichsleiter Bormann... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
he is supposed to have obtained his knowledge. However, that his claim is false is already proved by his description of physical appearance when he speaks of a "stout little student leader"; for this does not at all resemble Schirach. Perhaps it would to some extent apply to his successor, who was Reich Student Leader ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
of 9 November 1938, it is impossible for him to have praised at about the same time the bloody acts which had been committed and thus to have incited the Heidelberg students, and the question therefore arises as to why not a single participant at that student meeting in Heidelberg was brought here as a witness instead ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
been possible to keep the members of the Hitler Youth, who numbered millions, clear of such excesses, this fact also goes to prove that the leaders endeavored to imbue the younger generation with a spirit of tolerance, love of one's neighbors, and respect of human dignity. Just what Von Schirach thought about the treat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
order to save them from being deported to a Polish ghetto. 459 13 July 46 The Prosecution has endeavored to substantiate its allegation that the Defendant Von Schirach bears a certain share of the responsibility for the pogroms against Jews which occurred in Poland and Russia, by trying to use against him the so-called... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
in State administration and in municipal administration. He therefore had a permanent deputy for each of his three tasks, and for the affairs of the State administration, which interests us here, this was the Regierungsprasident 460 18 July 46 of Vienna. This official, Dr.Delbrugge, was to handle the current affairs of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
his behavior during the last weeks in Vienna is also not without importance. For Schirach it was a matter of course not to carry out the various insane orders which came from Berlin at that time. He absolutely condemned the lynching of enemy aviators which was ordered by Bormann, and likewise the order to hang defeatis... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
deserves consideration in judging the personality of a defendant. The same feeling of responsibility was then shown by Schirach in the autumn of 1945 when he was heard by the Prosecution. He believed at that time that his successor Axmann had been killed, as he had been reported to be dead. In spite of this, Schirach d... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
of intentions, he had led them astray and that now they must take another path if the German people and German culture are not to perish. In doing so Schirach did not think of himself nor of his life's work which had been destroyed; he was thinking of the youth of today, which not only faces the ruins of our cities and... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
a better future may be found for the benefit of your own people and for the good of the German people. Today, Gentlemen of the Tribunal, Germany lies beaten to the ground, a poor people, the poorest of all. The German cities are destroyed; German industry is smashed to pieces; on the shoulders of the German people rest... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
Beethoven, a Germany that knows loyalty and honesty and other good qualities which in past centuries were proverbial for the German character. Believe me, Gentlemen of the Tribunal, in this epoch, when Germany is regaining consciousness as after a severe illness, as she proceeds to rebuild a better future from the ruin... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 11,250 | 11,750 |
in bewildering abundance, are charged against the Defendant Sauckel under the heading "slave labor." Particularly, those actions ought first to be examined from a legal point of view. The legal basis for this examination is the Charter. However, this Charter does not say what is to be understood by "slave labor" or by ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 11,700 | 12,200 |
nature the technical expression ssylka, by which penal deportation under the rule of the czars is understood as denoting deportation in the sense of penal deportation. THE PRESIDENT: The French is not coming through. Will you just wait a minute, there is some difficulty with the French translation, Dr. Servatius. The T... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 12,150 | 12,650 |
the Russian version accordingly rabsivo (slavery) and poraboshtshenie (enslavement). It is not discernible how the terns chosen differentiate in ret Basing upon the fact that labor inconsistent with laws of humanity must be carried out under more severe conditions than other labor and assuming "slave labor" to be the s... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 12,600 | 13,100 |
that it does not involve any war crime that would break international law. The rules of international law are authoritative in determining the question whether "regulated labor mobilization" is a war crime. The Charter cannot prohibit what international law permits in wartime. Such precepts of international law are lai... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 13,050 | 13,550 |
can be seen that the rules deal only with purely local requirements of an army which appears fully equipped and has only supplementary local requirements. It is characteristic for the purely local meaning that the requisitioning authority is entrusted to the local commanders, in contrast to Article 51 of the Hague Conv... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 13,500 | 14,000 |
assume considerable proportions. The meaning and the purpose of the Hague Convention on Land Warfare is certainly not to place the nationals of a defeated state in a better position than those of the victorious state which occupied the country. This, however, would be the result if the Hague Convention on Land Warfare ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 13,950 | 14,450 |
state to which the worker belongs has ceased fighting. This question is of special importance with regard to the obligation to work in the armament industry. The rules of the Geneva Convention with regard to the work to be done by prisoners of war are known. The basic notion, that no one may be forced to make weapons a... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 14,400 | 14,900 |
of the principle that armament production shall be forbidden lies in the serious consequence that no formation of a generally recognized rule of international law in this new field of utilization of manpower can thereby be proven. Under these circumstances therefore Germany was likewise free to employ workers of the So... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 14,850 | 15,350 |
is open to doubt only under very special conditions, such as would mean that excessive obligations were to be assumed which obviously violate principles of humanity; for instance, if the agreements contain a clause stating that work must be performed under slave-like conditions. The motive for these agreements was, how... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
incriminate the Defendant Sauckel. This administrative duty may also call for a displacement of labor in order to avoid unemployment and famine. This, for example, occurred when the industrial areas of the Soviet Union were occupied, where there were no more working possibilities after the population became unemployed ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
workers in the armament industry at the end of the first World War. Yet in spite of that there was a shortage of labor. This has been confirmed by the witness Rohland for Codefendant Speer in Document Speer-56, according to which Speer also declared that foreign labor was needed under all circumstances. The crux of the... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
prefers to remain unbound for the future. As counsel for the Defense, I am in a position to present my interpretation of law without such inhibitions. The significance of my statement for the Defense, apart from the objective side, lies in the fact that the Defendant Sauckel, subjectively, was for good reasons entitled... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
down for offenses committed by parties in a war in Article 3 of the introductory agreement to the Hague Convention on Land Warfare. This specifies only a liability for damages on the part of the state. This passage of the Hague Convention on Land Warfare still applies today, since it cannot be rescinded by agreement am... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
thousands; however, it naturally entails hardships and is certainly also subject to mistakes which arise unintentionally or are due to the shortcoming of individuals. An answer will be required to the question of whether deliberate killing does not always weigh heavier than the temporary infliction of other sufferings.... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
knowledge of the scope of the measure or of the cruelty of its execution, is additionally required. How far these conditions apply to the Defendant Sauckel must be investigated later on. A "regulated mobilization of labor," as allowed by international law can never in itself be a crime against humanity; but its executi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
of crime. Such an incrimination would only be justified if the criminal character of the Police had been proven and if the Defendant Sauckel at that time had had cognizance of such criminal activity. That force may be used in case of resistance against orders of the occupation force cannot be disputed. The question is,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
principle, there can be no question of ill-treatment whenever the foreign workers are generally treated in the same way as the workers of the home country. Different treatment is only permissible when special circumstances justify it. Whereas generally foreign workers work on the same level as the Germans the so-called... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
been confirmed repeatedly by witnesses. I refer particularly to Exhibit Sauckel-10, the statement by the witness Goetz. Another controversial point was the identification by a badge "Ost," which was maintained until 1944 and then replaced by a national insignia. This identification of the Eastern Workers, who were free... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
with whoever has instigated them or who, within the sphere of his competence, failed to prevent them in the performance of his duty. When measuring the grave charges brought against the Defendant Sauckel by the standards of the aforesaid legal considerations, it will be necessary first of all to single out those fields... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
confirms that Sauckel had nothing to do with Jewish labor in the concentration camps, since Jewish workers were withdrawn from his department under the very pretext of evacuation. The measure is indeed solely concerned with the purely technical matter of excluding the Jewish laborers and replacing them by Poles, an ope... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
cases his directives did not apply. Document 204-PS illustrates in this respect the circumstances in which transport auxiliaries were produced in White Russia. Document 334-PS shows the same with regard to the execution of an independent drive for Air Force auxiliaries, which cannot be held against Sauckel. The commitm... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
the approximately 5 million Soviet citizens mentioned are stated to have been seized for labor commitment, the remainder being removed in other ways to which the regulations of the Defendant Sauckel did not apply. This is important not so much on account of the number of people involved, but because the alleged bad con... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
later. What conditions prevailed previous to that can be seen from some documents dating from 1941. In Document 1206-PS leading authorities advocated feeding the workers on horse and cat meat, and in Document USSR-177 the production of bread of very inferior quality is suggested. Just a short time before the Defendant ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
the serious responsibility of the Defendant Sauckel. Goebbels opposed it by claiming that the title was too assuming, while the propaganda aspect went beyond the bounds of the matter. Other agencies simply disregarded the copies sent to them and did not forward them, whereupon Sauckel sent copies directly to the indust... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
the East to Koch, the Reich Commissioner for the Ukraine, dated 14 December 1942, Document 194-PS, Page 7, in which the Codefendant Rosenberg particularly refers to the right of sovereignty existing in questions of labor allocation, proves that this administrative system had not been infringed upon. These supreme autho... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
to fight against all obstacles due to weakness or departmental egotism, and had to see to it that local agencies did not out of a desire to let things ride fail to supply the required manpower, while other offices held it back out of selfish interests. "With all means" and "ruthlessly" are recurring expressions employe... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
functions in the Reich and establishes the competence of the Plenipotentiary General for the Allocation of Labor, of the district labor offices, and the labor offices; this can be seen from Document 016-PS, last paragraph. The Defendant Sauckel, therefore, is not directly responsible for the conscription of manpower. I... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
Now, can one believe the Defendant Sauckel when he declares that he did not know about the conditions alleged by the Prosecution? What reached him through official channels is insufficient as proof of cognizance, and the witnesses confirm that the so-called "methods" were unknown. On the other hand we find here documen... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
as the authorized agency. Document 2280-PS is also relevant here, which is the only personal statement made in Riga on 3 May 1943 on this question by the Defendant Sauckel. There he states that only "all permissible means" are allowed. Document 3010-PS, Economy Inspection South, may also be quoted, in which on 17 Augus... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
statement which the Defendant Sauckel has made gives an understandable explanation; according to it, this was legally a preliminary recruitment intended to induce the workers to agree to the real enlistment later on in the official recruitment offices. These various incidents-shooting of a prefect, handcuffing, and sha... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
Germany did not demand anything which she did not ask of herself to an even higher degree. The Defendant Sauckel was forced to the conclusion that the people, instead of being unable to work, did not want to do so. In order to influence the people the propaganda struggle intensified, and threats of punishment were proc... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
Statut") is contained in Document Number Sauckel-101. This is the release of a Frenchman from captivity if he accepts other work, or under condition that an additional French worker should come to Germany according to the "releve" regulations. No prisoner of war was forced in this manner to change his legal status, but... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
the Defense of the Reich (see Documents Sauckel-50, 17, and 58) and the Reich Minister of Economics (Document Sauckel-51) and the Reich Minister of Finance (Document Number Sauckel-52). The Defendant Sauckel could schedule wages and fix wages for piece work only within the general outlines existing for him, and in so d... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
the Prosecution to the reguIation of the working hours of female domestic workers from the East, of whom, instead of the 400,000-500,000 girls originally demanded by Hitler, only 13,000 actually came to Germany. The Prosecution has presented the instructions for the employment of these female domestic workers as Docume... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
supply suffered from the blockade and transportation difficulties. The established rations, contrary to the notorious statements on the feeding of the Russians, amounted to 2,540 calories for the Soviet prisoners of war, according to the table of 24 November 1941 in Document USSR-177. A further table has been submitted... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
Indictment, were heading for the concentration camps. The special attention which the Defendant Sauckel from the very beginning accorded to the transport problem, is shown particularly by Document 2241-PS, submitted by the Prosecution. It contains a decree where detailed directives to prevent the utilization of unsuita... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
confirmed by several witnesses, among others the witness. Goetz (Exhibit Number Sauckel-10). It is also shown by the record of the Central Planning Board (Document R-124, Page 1783). The Defendant Sauckel did not let matters slide, but established a personal staff of his own, whose members traveled around the camps and... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
than the Defendant Sauckel. This should be considered particularly with regard to relations between the most important agency, the German Labor Front, under the leadership of Reichsleiter Dr. Ley, 'and Gauleiter Sauckel. On closer examination of the document submitted as 1913-PS, an agreement on the creation of "centra... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 28,350 | 28,850 |
circumstances of that time. This might have applied to offices which had the power and the means to bring about improvement. The Defendant Sauckel and his small personal staff had merely been incorporated in a ministry already in existence, and he had no such means at his disposal. His authority consisted of a narrowly... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
its state secretaries; only two departments were placed at his disposal. If the form of responsibility is to be determined, it can thus only be within the limits of Article 8 of the Charter. Herewith I conclude my exposition regarding the special field of labor allocation. The Defendant Sauckel is accused on all Counts... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
Sauckel remained isolated in the circle of the initiated. It is understandable that the extremists should have shunned him owing to his well-known opinions. He was not initiated into the secrets of people who aspired to be Hitler's friends and murderers at the same time, nor was he kept informed by the group of people ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
in itself creates an atmosphere hostile toward all of them. Another fact brought about by the Prosecution which renders elucidation of the question of individual guilt still more difficult is that the Defendants Keitel and Jodl are treated as inseparable twins: One common plea against them by the British prosecutor, on... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
He did not participate in any of the big meetings at which Hitler developed his program. He had only read extracts of Hitler's book Mein Kampf, the bible of National Socialism. Jodl remained just an unpolitical man, quite in line with his personal inclinations, which were far removed from Party politics and in accordan... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
sent to Vienna as artillery commander. At that time there was in his mind so little probability of war that before leaving Berlin he drafted, on his own initiative, a plan of deployment in all directions for security purposes. In this he disposed the bulk of the German forces in the center of the Reich because he could... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol18): One Hundred and Eighty-First Day | 31,050 | 31,542 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.