text stringlengths 282 15k | source stringclasses 885
values | word_start int64 0 7.81M | word_end int64 210 7.81M |
|---|---|---|---|
Exhibit USA-896, which was submitted during cross-examination, was not produced in order to incriminate the defendant, as stated by Justice Jackson-it may therefore be passed over. Further documents submitted all deal with incidents in the Krupp works. As far as he was able to do so, the defendant explained all of them... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 15,300 | 15,800 |
the requests and forwarded them to the Speer Ministry, labor allocation division. The Gau labor offices directed applications which they received to the Plenipotentiary General for the Allocation of Labor. It must be noted in this connection that in 1942 the Speer Ministry controlled only construction work and ground f... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 15,750 | 16,250 |
concluding the presentation of evidence, the Prosecution submitted the decree of 1 December 1942, Document 4006-PS, issued jointly by Speer and Sauckel. The Prosecution contend that this document, and the decree of 22 June 1944 submitted at the same time, furnish a basis for appraisal of the power ration between Speer ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 16,200 | 16,700 |
and War Production. His task, now as before, was merely to procure labor for the plants. He was even given a considerable amount of authority in labor questions-to look over the armament plants under the control of the Defendant Speer and to examine if, and to what extent, these plants could make available labor for ot... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 16,650 | 17,150 |
offices of the three branches of the Armed Forces on the other hand, in which Thomas states that the Fuhrer considered Speer as his main authority and his agent for all economic spheres. This note can only be understood in connection with the report of the account given by General Thomas of his activity as Director of ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 17,100 | 17,600 |
procurement of foreign labor, nor for its removal to Germany. He is at the most responsible for the utilization of part of this labor in Germany. As a further count of the Indictment, it has been stated that the defendant employed prisoners of war in the economic sector which was under his direction, and that he thereb... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 17,550 | 18,050 |
have presented an affidavit of the American economic statistician Deuss under Document 2520-PS, in order to prove thereby how many prisoners of war and foreign workers were employed in the armament industry. This compilation, which is principally supported by figures taken from the documents in the possession of the De... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 18,000 | 18,500 |
prisoners of war in the industry of the country which is holding them prisoner is not prohibited by the Geneva Prisoners of War Convention. Only that work is prohibited which is directly connected with military operations-for example, the use of prisoners of war for fortification works for a combat unit. The Defendant ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 18,450 | 18,950 |
complaints which were made against the use of prisoners of war for labor in a way which violated international law. Complaints of this kind by Ambassador Scapini were immediately investigated, and if they were found to be justified, improvements were made. It is, of course, possible that mistakes sometimes occurred in ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 18,900 | 19,400 |
should intervene in the course of the discussion, the counsel for Speer gave a few opinions which it seems to me I must go into without waiting for my turn, and also request the Tribunal to reject them. THE PRESIDENT: The Tribunal does not think it is appropriate that the speeches of the defendant's counsel should be i... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 19,350 | 19,850 |
to be examined legally from various points of view. The German Government have taken the point of view that Soviet prisoners of war should be treated on a different legal basis from the subjects of the Western States, who were all parties to the treaty of the Geneva Prisoner of War Convention of 1929, whereas the Sovie... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 19,800 | 20,300 |
is not to be objected to. The Italian military persons interned in Germany after Italy's fall do not come under the regulations of the Geneva Prisoner of War Agreement since no state of war existed between Germany and Italy. Moreover, these military internees did not come under the restrictions of Article 31 in their e... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 20,250 | 20,750 |
50,000 Todt Organization workers who were once taken from France to Germany to repair damages caused to two west German valley dams by air attacks, made such a bad impression on the workers employed in other Todt Organization construction sites that there was nothing else left to be done but to send these 50,000 worker... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 20,700 | 21,200 |
longer be directed against the ally which has retired from hostilities but only against other allies still in the field. The aforementioned principle of respecting the loyalty to one's own country can no longer be applied in such cases. It must, moreover, be pointed out that the Todt Organization was in no way a parami... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 21,150 | 21,650 |
were subject to the control of foremen and skilled workmen appointed by the plants themselves. It is true that to avoid transportation and marching difficulties special camps were erected near the plants or working places where they were employed, and these were not accessible to the supervision of the plant managers n... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 21,600 | 22,100 |
that time on actually decreased. Therefore the conclusions of the Prosecution in no way bear examination. Nor has proof been brought forward that Speer had attempted to have people sent to concentration camps. At his interrogation the defendant admitted that everywhere in Germany people were afraid of being sent to a c... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 22,050 | 22,550 |
I have submitted Hitler's order to Speer of 21 April 1944 as Exhibit Number Speer-34, Page 52, in my document book (Speer Document Book 1). This order clearly shows that Hitler designated Dorsch as being directly responsible to him, since the appointment of Speer, who was given the duty of incorporating these tasks int... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 22,500 | 23,000 |
were native workers to be treated differently. In the cross-examination of Defendant Sauckel, the French Prosecution produced the document about a meeting of Sauckel's labor authorities at the Wartburg. At this meeting Dr. Sturm, the specialist on questions of labor law with the Plenipotentiary General for the Allocati... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 22,950 | 23,450 |
210 23 July 46 represented the point of view that the charge of a war of aggression was concluded with its outbreak. I can only share this opinion. During the hearing of evidence I had ample opportunity to state the activities of the Defendant Speer during the last phases of the war from June 1944. I can, therefore, co... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 23,400 | 23,900 |
the Allies. 211 23 July 46 On 24 April 1945 Speer flew once again to Berlin, which was already besieged, in order to persuade Hitler that this senseless battle should be given up, as is evident from the testimony of the witness Poser. In his last will Hitler dismissed Speer on 29 April 1945. The American Chief Prosecut... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 23,850 | 24,350 |
agencies within the borders of the so-called Greater German Reich. He was kept busy in this connection trying to obstruct total destruction of all real values, which was obstinately demanded by Hitler. Information on this desire to destroy on the part of Hitler and many of his Gauleiter is furnished in the testimonies ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 24,300 | 24,800 |
oppose actively such argument. In counterorders, such as those of 30 March 1945 to all industrial plants, as well as those of 4 April 1945 for all sluices and dams, Speer gave instructions-in opposition to the orders issued by Hitler-not to undertake any industrial demolitions. This likewise is corroborated by the witn... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 24,750 | 25,250 |
way. Nevertheless, his efforts had no doubt a partial success. The numerous conferences which Speer held in this connection with military commanders are testified to by the witnesses Kempf and Lieutenant Colonel Von Poser. This witness was Speer's liaison officer with the Army, and accompanied him on all trips to the f... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 25,200 | 25,700 |
knew of further plans which were to be executed under Speer's leadership. Apart from all these activities, Speer's political attitude is illuminated by two facts: 1) In Speer's memorandum addressed to Hitler, submitted as Exhibit Number Speer-1, the defendant establishes that Bormann and Goebbels called him alien and h... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 25,650 | 26,150 |
FREIHERR VON LUDINGHAUSEN (Counsel for Defendant Von Neurath): Your Lordship, Your Honors, "Never 216 23 July 46 before has war impressed me as being quite so abominable." This is what Napoleon Bonaparte wrote to the Directorate in Paris in the year 1799 after the victorious capture of Jaffa where he had ordered the sh... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 26,100 | 26,600 |
of wars of aggression caused by them. This thought, which this High Court is about to carry into practice as a principle of law, is a novelty in the history of international law. But if the present Trial and the Charter on which it is based is to be more than a single procedure worked out and intended for this one case... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 26,550 | 27,050 |
would lead too far; this must rather be left to the discussion by scholars of state law and to further developments, and I wish, therefore, to confine myself to pointing to one consequence only, the consequence that the statesmen involved in the war of aggression will be subject to such judgment of a future internation... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 27,000 | 27,500 |
cannot possibly be construed as approval, much less as assistance and copartnership in the planning, preparing, or waging of war, thereby placing upon him joint responsibility for the war, and even for cruelties and atrocities committed during its course. The very fact of the application-an application made for the fir... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 27,450 | 27,950 |
draw, in accordance with which your verdict is to be established. It is, therefore, your task, Your Honors, to interpret the provisions of the Charter according to their principle and to establish in practice and for all time to come, the rules and principles of the Charter. The responsibility which you thereby assume ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 27,900 | 28,400 |
the best it had. Not until you, Your Honors, have taken this into consideration and examined this question, will you be able to establish a just verdict in regard to the individual defendants themselves, with due consideration for their dissimilarity-a judgment which will stand the test of history. Because of such reas... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 28,350 | 28,850 |
not only failed to understand German mentality or the Reformation born of it, but even felt hostile toward it. For Charles V attempted to smite this Reformation, which he considered heretical and sinful, with fire and sword and thus led the German people into the darkest hour of their history. In the subsequent wars of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 28,800 | 29,300 |
decades of strife and disappointment, did this ardent dream become reality, so that a unified German Reich could arise in a new form. In this hour though, for the first time in its history, the German people was taken into consultation by the new Constitution, to advise and collaborate in the direction of this new Reic... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 29,250 | 29,750 |
economic life and under whom it enjoyed a blessed period of peace such as it had not experienced for a long time. Trusting and inexperienced as they still were, the German people believed it could also meet the successor of a Bismarck with the same confidence. But even if in the sphere of domestic politics some opposit... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 29,700 | 30,200 |
ruin. Again it stood, as centuries before, at the bier of what it possessed; again it stood in danger of losing its existence as a people and a nation and of falling back again into the misery of earner times. Only one thing was left to it at this time; and that was the consciousness of its national character, of its s... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 30,150 | 30,650 |
it salvation in an possible ways? So it came about, as it was bound to come about, that a constitution was given to It in Weimar which did not suit either the actual circumstances or the character of the German people or the requirements of a strong state leadership, a constitution which did not create a real democrati... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 30,600 | 31,100 |
more items of the national wealth passed into foreign hands, unemployment increased more and more, and finally almost lo percent of the entire population were without employment and food. And why ail this? The Western Powers, primarily France, instead of mitigating in their own interests the impossible conditions impos... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 31,050 | 31,550 |
of the Upper Silesian industrial area, and the vertiginous devaluation of the German mark, the German Government in 1922 saw itself twice forced to request delay in the payments. It had, however, to pay for this delay by the acceptance of a financial control by the Western Powers and by impotently standing by as the Ge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 31,500 | 32,000 |
based on the conviction that at some time, as a result of Germany's collapse, there would gradually change in the social structure of the German people and, further, that a re-establishment of the Reich would only be possible ff a really uniform racial community necessary for this were created on a national and social ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 31,950 | 32,450 |
understand this symptomatic sign, and showed no interest at an. Who knows if, by a gradual loosening of Germany's economic and political shackles on the part of the Western Powers, the development of things would not have taken an altogether different course; and the world might have been spared the bloodiest of all wa... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 32,400 | 32,900 |
of extreme distress, the so-called Young Plan, which indeed brought with it the evacuation of the Ruhr, although no alteration of the discriminating conditions of the Versailles Treaty, but the imposition of Immense yearly reparation payments up to the year 1966. In order to protect Germany from a catastrophe, the Germ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 32,850 | 33,350 |
of constantly expanding circles of the German people to re-establish its honor and equality in the council of the nations, the will to live of a people who for 12 years had been suppressed and humiliated in its most elementary feelings and had been gagged and threatened in its existence. However, they also showed that ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 33,300 | 33,800 |
Almost one-half of the nation had thereby uniformly expressed that it was tired of eternal party disunity, that it longed for a strong leader who was to save the German people from an Its want, to tear it away from the abyss, and to lead it toward a new future. Since on the other hand, however, the Communists also had ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 33,750 | 34,250 |
circumstances and the will of the people obtained the force and power to do so. The power of attraction of Hitler on the masses was all the greater since behind him stood the towering shape and nimbus of Reich President Von Hindenburg, who had already almost become a myth. But it must be pointed out with emphasis, in t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 34,200 | 34,700 |
its distress rejoiced in Hitler as the longed-for leader and followed him with blind confidence as the man who was to deliver it from an unnatural shackles and all shame. Gerhart Hauptmann, the well-known German poet and great authority on national traits, who died recently, wrote a sentence in what is perhaps his prof... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 34,650 | 35,150 |
consequence of an inferiority complex. It is not real militarism, but these are military stimulants for the masses. This wild behavior creates a blessed feeling of satisfaction and relief in those who consider themselves inferior or humiliated by their neighbors across the Rhine." So the German people enjoyed the milit... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 35,100 | 35,600 |
him and their faith in him, and to make the people blind toward the measures applied within the country, which were gradually becoming more and more severe, toward the gradual throttling of cultural, artistic, and intellectual liberty, the free expression of opinion, and criticism, and toward the anti-Semitic measures.... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 35,550 | 36,050 |
of them, a secret. After all, how could it have been possible for larger groups of the people to have learned about the conditions in the camps? The Prosecution itself has tried to prove here that only a very small percentage of concentration camp prisoners were set free again, and those who were set free had to bind t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 36,000 | 36,500 |
right when, in his very brilliant and interesting address on 11 January 1946, he represented the abhorred National Socialist ideology and its glorification of race and German racial superiority over every other nation on earth as the expression and supreme product of the German mind and of its true nature, and names Fi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 36,450 | 36,950 |
the intellectual circles and classes of the German nation and then in other classes and in the very ranks of the Party, as a result of further constraints and limitations of personal freedom. For those reasons the nation in its overwhelming majority was by no means inflamed by the war initiated by Hitler in the summer ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 36,900 | 37,400 |
other men who were determined to reach the same goal, ff by different methods, and had already taken the first steps to that end. As you heard in witness Strohlin's testimony, the Defendant Van Neurath was one of them. How could it have been otherwise with this offspring of an old family which has given many a trustwor... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 37,350 | 37,850 |
over, even of his political opponents. As unequivocal proof of this fact, the truth of which, Your Honors, may be confirmed by your own diplomats, it will suffice to refer to the fact that, as you know from the sworn affidavit of my client, King George V and King Edward VIII of England received the defendant in private... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 37,800 | 38,300 |
the end of such a life have lent himself to such a disavowal and negation of all that he had so far held highest. That would be contrary to personal experience. And on the same level stands the Prosecution's assertion that the Defendant Von Neurath, by joining and remaining in Hitler's Cabinet, served as a fifth column... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 38,250 | 38,750 |
and to help them to secure supreme power in the Reich. Therefore, I hardly need to refer again to the statements of the Defendant Goring and other witnesses, particularly Dr. Koopke, from which it appears beyond doubt that at that time there were absolutely no relations between Hitler and the Nazis and the defendant, a... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 38,700 | 39,200 |
witnesses heard in this connection. The reproach of the Prosecution that he did not make such cases an excuse to lay down his office of minister, but that by remaining in office he had consciously approved and abetted them, is entirely irrelevant. The first law governing his actions was the carrying out of the duty ass... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 39,150 | 39,650 |
the defendant in both cases nevertheless expressed at once that under no circumstances did he wish to proclaim his entry or admission into the SS or the Party by accepting this decoration, 236 23 July 46 intended by Hitler as a mark of honor, has been proved by his affidavit. Moreover, he never took the oath required o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 39,600 | 40,100 |
members of the Party and of the Nazi spirit into the Reich Ministry of Foreign Affairs. It also meant that the danger of renouncing the peace policy embodied in his policies was imminent, which indeed came true on his resignation on 4 February 1938. It was therefore for the defendant the bitterest disillusionment in hi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 40,050 | 40,550 |
a retrospective judgment of the policy of states, constituting as they do here one of the main bases of the whole prosecution? All of you, Gentlemen, who are here to do justice, know from your own activity and experience at least as well as I do, how dangerous conclusions a posterior) are regarding the actions of a man... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 40,500 | 41,000 |
retrospective consideration of things, overrates too highly the spiritual and statesmanlike abilities, not only of his satellites but also of Hitler himself. Because, after all, it is in any case already evidence of a certain mental limitation if a person, and particularly a statesman, founded his policy on the basis, ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 40,950 | 41,450 |
possible that Hitler looked ahead and figured that his offers-would be refused, and that he only made them in this realization? Then he would really be an almost demoniacal genius, a prophetic seer of the first rank. Do you really wish to assume from it the claim of the Prosecution that aggressive war of the year 1939 ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 41,400 | 41,900 |
war policy which caused the defendant to refuse further collaboration and thereby make it clear that he never concurred in the past and was not prepared in the future to concur in or approve of, the planning, preparation or waging of a war of aggression. Thus, every charge of guilt made in the Indictment against the De... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 41,850 | 42,350 |
the highly armed victorious nations in reciprocity. Germany had disarmed. It had already fully met its obligations in 1927, an uncontested fact which the League of Nations also had expressly recognized. This was the basis for Germany's request for reciprocal compliance by the other partners to the treaty, as provided f... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 42,300 | 42,800 |
in the end could not close their minds to the ethics of a policy inspired by such tendencies, and following a suggestion by the British Government, on 11 December 1932, the well-known Five Power Agreement was concluded (see my Document Book 2, Exhibit Number Neurath-7a) in which England, France, and Italy, with the con... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 42,750 | 43,250 |
of service, thus signifying a still further reduction in its armament, inadequate as it already was for an effective protection against attack. The establishment of this thesis, however, also proved clearly that France was unwilling to disarm, which was also shown by statements of the French representative himself. Thi... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 43,200 | 43,700 |
Disarmament Conference to an ever increasing degree, where Germany's completely logical and consistent point of view was regarded as a provocation. But these worries of theirs, their insecurity in the face of the new Germany, led to even much more extensive measures and threats. With England's consent France began mili... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 43,650 | 44,150 |
under no circumstances be the reason for their position and attitude. The one plausible reason could lie only in the attitude of the Western Powers with regard to the question of disarmament as such, that is, in their unwillingness to carry it out, to continue to discriminate against Germany, to continue to refuse her ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 44,100 | 44,600 |
that as a prerequisite for this he considered necessary the final removal of the discrimination against Germany, the division of the nations into victors and vanquished. To these declarations of his, however, not the slightest attention was paid by the Western Powers, although they corresponded throughout with the give... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 44,550 | 45,050 |
international tension was already arising and increasing which again threatened to isolate Germany. This time it had its source not so much in the Disarmament Conference, the proceedings of which after the customary fruitless endeavors were again suspended on 29 June 1933 until 16 October 1933, as in the position of Ge... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 45,000 | 45,500 |
in peace, a disarmament conference, even according to the pattern of the 248 23 July 46 MacDonald Plan, which Germany had declared unacceptable in the spring, was an impossibility. This not only meant bringing an unjustified accusation against Germany-which had done no more than stand on the rights accorded it by treat... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 45,450 | 45,950 |
League of Nations and the Disarmament Conference. In Hitler's speech, already referred to here, an appeal for peace, 249 23 July 46 delivered on 17 May 1933, he expressed in unequivocal terms that notwithstanding the sincere will for peace and further disarmament -provided it were mutual-on the part of the German Gover... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 45,900 | 46,400 |
27 April 1934 (Neurath Document Book 3, Exhibit Number Neurath-70). 250 23 July 46 The fact which appeared in the preceding discussions is interesting and must be emphasized here, that in their course an indisputable change was shown in relations between France and Russia, the further development of which became more o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 46,350 | 46,850 |
declaration of Mussolini to the English Minister Eden on 26 February 1934, which dealt with the clearly outlined German point of view in the memoranda of 13 March and 16 April 1934. A similar tendency was shown in the memorandum of the so-called neutral powers, namely Denmark, Spain, Norway, Sweden, and 251 23 July 46 ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 46,800 | 47,300 |
before the House of Commons that in view of the question of collective peace which of necessity involved the need for sanctions, England stood before one of the most difficult decisions in her history. He coined the phrase: Sanctions are war. England agreed at the beginning of July 1934, on the occasion of the visit of... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 47,250 | 47,750 |
The more the world speaks of the formation of blocks, the clearer it becomes to us that we must concern ourselves with the maintenance of our own power."' There was a definite clearly defined change in power relationships and the political tendencies were taking shape, which were also the basis of the English air armam... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 47,700 | 48,200 |
of the Russian newspaper Izvestia, in connection with the French-Russian record of 5 December 1934 (Neurath Document Book 3, Exhibit Number Neurath-91) and Litvinov's interpretations of it of 9 December 1934. For those well informed there could exist no further doubt of the existence of a close French-Russian alliance,... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 48,150 | 48,650 |
this country alone was considered by France as her foe, and no other country in the world besides her. And now I beg to ask you, My Lords, whether it was not an obvious command of self-defense, an obvious demand of the most primitive instinct for self-preservation of any living being-and nations, too, are living entiti... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fourth Day | 48,600 | 48,872 |
Avalon Home Document Collections Ancient 4000bce - 399 Medieval 400 - 1399 15 th Century 1400 - 1499 16 th Century 1500 - 1599 17 th Century 1600 - 1699 18 th Century 1700 - 1799 19 th Century 1800 - 1899 20 th Century 1900 - 1999 21 st Century 2000 - Nuremberg Trial Proceedings Volume 19 184 Day Volume 19 Menu 186 Day... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 0 | 500 |
I submit that those facts can be extracted from Rauschning's book The Voice of Destruction, and that in those circumstances it is quite unnecessary to have Rauschning here as a witness himself. The Prosecution would, of course, have no objection to further extracts from that book being put in as part of the defense cas... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 450 | 950 |
the direct testimony of witnesses, a procedure which took many weeks. With regard to the further assertion that the bulk of the SS knew of such criminal aims of the SS and of the criminal acts of individual members or certain groups, the Prosecution did not present any proof, but merely asserted that this could be seen... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 900 | 1,400 |
his conversations with Hitler, and I do not think that one can find a better witness for this subject. Second-continuing with the points of my application-Rauschning learned that Hitler... THE PRESIDENT: What is it, Dr. Pelckmann, that makes you think that Rauschning would be able to give this evidence? HERR PELCKMANN:... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 1,350 | 1,850 |
instance, and there has never been a case of anybody being brought in, except perhaps the witness Dahlerus. 259 24 July 46 HERR PELCKMANN: Since the Indictment and the Tribunal's verdict is of great importance for all members of the SS, and since, unlike the cases of the individual defendants, I can only call members o... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 1,800 | 2,300 |
Dr. Pelckmann, the Tribunal did not desire to hear a general argument from you upon the whole case. They are 260 24 July 46 simply dealing with the question of whether this man Rauschning should be brought from the United States. HERR PELCKMANN: If the relevance of his testimony is not disputed, then I can very well un... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 2,250 | 2,750 |
of the three. I understand, however, that counsel prefers Von Rundstedt, Von Brauchitsch, and Von Manstein, and we have no objections if that is his choice of the six, but we do object to six, on the ground that they axe too numerous, and all of them have been heard before the Commission. With respect to the applicatio... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 2,700 | 3,200 |
handicapped greatly by the resolution of the Tribunal which says that witnesses can be heard before the Tribunal only if they have previously been heard before the Commission, even though in any other legal proceedings there would be extensive examinations of witnesses on many points. The circle of witnesses is thus re... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 3,150 | 3,650 |
are put again, the evidence would certainly be cumulative. How then is the examination of the witnesses to be carried through without interruptions? Looked at from this angle, the suggestion I have just made becomes even more important, and also seems to remove the difficulties which I have described. If this is taken ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 3,600 | 4,100 |
for the witnesses who are called before us here to give the whole of the evidence given before the Commission, or even to enter upon the subjects which have been entered upon before the Commission; and the Tribunal would like to know how that difficulty is to be met. MR.DODD: We have been thinking about this very probl... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 4,050 | 4,550 |
and properly covered. And it may be of help to the Tribunal if I suggested the witnesses most important, and those which might be dispensed with. THE PRESIDENT: Probably the Defense Counsel would wish to make their own selection. LT. COL.GRIFFITH-JONES: My Lord, I fully appreciate that. I was only trying to assist the ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 4,500 | 5,000 |
about these Gauleiter. Did not these two, Kaufmann and Wahl, deal with exactly the same topics before the Commission? DR. SERVATIUS: Yes, but I want to divide the topics, and ask Kaufmann about relations with the top authorities, with the Reich Government, and Wahl about relations with the 1o\ver echelons, with the Kre... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 4,950 | 5,450 |
extracts from Rauschning's book, which has been referred to, may be submitted to the Tribunal. With reference to the case of the SD, the two witnesses applied for, Hoppner and Rossner, are allowed. The two witnesses applied for by the Gestapo, Best and Hoffmann, are allowed. With reference to the application on behalf ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 5,400 | 5,900 |
Foreign Secretary Eden went to Berlin at the end of March 1935 for conversations about the possibilities of an agreement in the naval question. In this connection, I particularly want to draw attention to the testimony of the witness Ambassador Dr. Dieckhoff, who. was heard here. Only France, in consequence of her atti... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 5,850 | 6,350 |
irrefutably, from the point of view of this Trial, that the Prosecution's contention that Germany's rearmament was an act of preparation for Hitler's future wars of aggression is incorrect. On the contrary, this naval agreement shows quite clearly that German foreign policy, at that time, while it was still conducted b... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 6,300 | 6,800 |
and the German Government, taking up the English suggestion, actually presented a draft for such an air pact on 29 May 1935. But talks of nearly 3 months' duration between the English and French Governments were necessary before England succeeded in inducing France to consent even to participate in these negotiations. ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 6,750 | 7,250 |
was also defamed by the sanctions applied against her. These sanctions, at the same time, logically enough resulted in the dissolution of the Locarno Treaty, for it was quite impossible to consider a treaty as still justified in its existence if its participants were opposed to one another in such a hostile way that th... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 7,200 | 7,700 |
she was being encircled if a party dependent on Moscow, like the Communist Party, followed the policy of Delcasse, the policy of revenge and the policy of the former Russo-French pact. The greatest danger of war would arise if France were to convey the impression that she enjoyed the secret protection of Moscow. Even t... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 7,650 | 8,150 |
end this alleged German danger permanently, because the German people had complete confidence in him, their leader, and he desired friendship with France. That Hitler was honest and sincere in these declarations has been proved by the evidence of the Trial. But it was all in vain. The French Government could no longer ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 8,100 | 8,600 |
the protection for Germany, were bound to change or to be falsified-when France altered this political relationship in Europe fundamentally by concluding her pact of mutual assistance with Russia, and thereby creating a situation which frustrated the aim and purpose of the Locarno Treaty-namely, to give Germany protect... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 8,550 | 9,050 |
rearmament, and the reoccupation of the Rhineland were the natural reactions, the dutiful answer, of the German statesmen-and of the Defendant Von Neurath-to the policy of the French Government, in which, after all that had gone before, they saw a threat to Germany. Far be it from me-and I wish to state this quite emph... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 9,000 | 9,500 |
as the Prosecution assert in their retrospective consideration of these things but, on the contrary, they served only the defensive purpose of warding off a possible attack, and have a decidedly defensive and, therefore, peaceful character. That they cannot, therefore, be viewed as actions preparatory for a future war ... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 9,450 | 9,950 |
it served in the preparation of a war of aggression. And during this Trial one of the gentlemen of the American Prosecution expressly stated that it was absolutely legal and justifiable to bring about the revision or annulment of treaties by peaceful means; and German foreign policy did nothing else. The whole military... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 9,900 | 10,400 |
basis of mutual respect. This again was clear and unmistakable evidence of its unalterable will for peace. It was not Germany's fault that this German peace plan-and its absolute honesty and sincerity has been affirmed here upon oath by the defendant-was not successful and did not lead to the building of a new and peac... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 10,350 | 10,850 |
Globocznik that it was their duty and the duty of the Austrian Nazis to adhere strictly to this agreement. And so, from his viewpoint, the defendant considered this agreement as another step on the road toward peace in Europe, since the recognition of Austria's independence, which he had pronounced in the agreement, el... | Yale Avalon (proceedings_vol19): One Hundred and Eighty-Fifth Day | 10,800 | 11,300 |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.