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shown on the Chart of the Organization following August, 1945, where he held the position of Chief surgeon in the office of Grawitz, it is shown in one of the boxes at the left of Grawitz' name on the chart. Thus we have in the dock the worthy successor of Grawitz as the President of the German Red Cross, Grawitz, the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 45,000 | 45,500 |
In August 1944 I was wounded and returned to the Hohenlychen Hospital as a patient. In December 1944 I was transferred to the University of Berlin and was assigned as physician to the Charity Hospital in Berlin. In April 1945 I returned to Hohenlychen as Assistant Physician to Dr. Karl GEBHARDT. I remained at Hohenlych... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 45,450 | 45,950 |
liaison officer to the Ministry of the Interior and particularly to the Office Secretary of the Interior. In 1943 when Himmler became Minister of the Interior, I was appointed Chief of the Ministerial Office in the Reich Ministry of the Interior. 3. I was a member of the Ahnenerbe Society. Himmler was President of the ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 45,900 | 46,400 |
institute was to combat epidemics which broke out in the SS garrison troops of the Waffen SS. From October 1939 to November 1940, I was active with the 2nd Medical Company. of the SS V-Division of the Waffen-SS on the Western Front. In November 1940 I was transferred to Berlin to aid in the combatting of epidemics by t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 46,350 | 46,850 |
than typhus research, however, and the Tribunal will find his name connected with other matters, not the least of which were the poison bullet experiments to determine how long it took to kill a man with poison bullets. As I have previously explained in discussing the defendant Genzken, the Hygienic Institute of the Wa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 46,800 | 47,300 |
same time retaining my position as Chief Physician (Leitender Arzt) in the Main Race and Settlement Office (Rasse und Siedlungshauptamt) until about autumn 1941." It says '41. I think that must be incorrect. In any event, following 1943 he still retained his position in the Main Race and Settlement Office, although at ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 47,250 | 47,750 |
Prosecution Exhibit 32 which gives the top eschelon of the Ahnenerbe and a description of its functions. This document shows in a sort of small chart at the top something of the organization of the Ahnenerbe Society. This document is not dated. I suspect that it shows the organization as it existed more or less around ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 47,700 | 48,200 |
to contact the Chief of the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office 'Wirtschaftsverwaltungshauptant) with regards to the costs which can be norne by the Waffen SS." And the signature is the initials of Heinrich Himmler. Copy was mailed to the Chief of the Economic and Administrative Main Office which was headed up b... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 48,150 | 48,650 |
studied economic science at the 'Technische Hochschule' -that is, I am sure, technical high school -- "in Munich where I graduated in 1928 with a diploma in Economic Science. 1923-1927 member of artillery unit of the SA Regiment in Munich. "2. In December 1929, I joined the NSDAP and at the same time the SS. My party n... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 48,600 | 49,100 |
mercy death. I became Bouhler's liaison man to the doctors involved in the 'Euthanasia' program. These included Dr. Linden, Prof. Hayde, and Prof. Nietsche. Also in my capacity, as chief of Department 2 of Bouhler's office was ordered to carry out the administrative details of the 'Euthanasia' program, deputy was Werne... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 49,050 | 49,550 |
a member of that organization. He was the man who had the brilliant idea of sterilizing, by means of drugs, millions of Russian prisoners of war in order, he put it, that the enemy be not only conquered but destroyed. This proposal was made by Porkorny to Himmler, and the Prosecution will prove that intensive effort we... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 49,500 | 50,000 |
practice I was called to Berlin in 1934 by Dr. Gerhard Wagner, Reich Health Leader where I was active as adjutant in the Central Office of the German Red Cross. In 1935 I began my main task, namely to organize the German Medical Education 1 System. 5. In 1934, in conjunction with in duties as adjutant in the Main Offi ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 49,950 | 50,450 |
inertia of Blome. Indeed, the proof will show that he actively participated in several experiments, not to mention the unspeakable extermination of persons afflicted with tuberculosis. His activities in the field of biological warfare under the cover name "Cancer Research" will also be brought to the attention of the T... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 50,400 | 50,900 |
SERVATIUS:Mr. President, the witness Osenberg is at present located here in the prison and could be heard orally. The presentation of an affidavit is probably not appropriate in a case when a witness can be called in person. On that basis, I object to the presentation of the document. The reason for this is that we mig... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 50,850 | 51,350 |
MR. McHANEY:Page 76, by mistake in poor translation of this document it was included in the English Document Book before the court, and we would like to submit for inclusion a new document book now, the corrected translation of Document 002-PS, and this will be Prosecution's Exhibit 39. We have been discussing Reich's ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 51,300 | 51,800 |
institutes I still lack accurate information. I have postponed the decision on this charter of the budget. Referring to the decree of the Fuehrer of 9 June 1942 and the necessity stressed therein to concentrate the efforts of scientific research I ask you to give me your opinion immediately. Signed Dr. Bender, Reich Mi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 51,750 | 52,250 |
there. Continuing back to page 5 we find a letter from Menzel to SS-Gruppenfuehrer Professor Doctor Grawitz stating in effect that "The Reich Minister of Finance has informed me that you request money for those 53 key positions to your office." He goes on to state that "After the Reich Marshal of the Greater German Rei... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 52,200 | 52,700 |
however, already postponed this plan for the time being on the occasion of the negotiations with the Reich Ministry of Finance last year, so that my authorized personnel was reduced to 25 key positions. Of these positions only 5 are filled at present. Under these circumstances your misgivings with regard to an impracti... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 52,650 | 53,150 |
research in Germany as a whole. And I also would like to remind the Tribunal that on the chart, organization of the office of the Reich Commissioner for Health and Medical Services, the Reich Research Counsel is one of the organizations over which Rostock had scientific and medical jurisdiction. In further reference to... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 53,100 | 53,600 |
PRESIDENT:The document is included in 7 pages, from page 74 to page 80. MR. MCHANEY:Well, your Honor, has been supplied with the correct English translation of 002-PS. THE PRESIDENT:Then those pages were not included. I was confused with the non-consecutive numbering of the pages, but that probably is unimportant. MR. ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 53,550 | 54,050 |
Piorkowski, who was the camp commander, and Schnitzler, who was on the staff of the Reichsfuehrung-SS. Further arrangements were made at this time for carrying out the experiments. 4. A low pressure chamber was sent from the DVL in Berlin." And, if I may insert emphatically, your Honor, that is the institute in which D... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 54,000 | 54,500 |
Ruff concerning the matter. Hereafter two other deaths occurred on different days in May I also reported these to Dr. Ruff. I know that other experimental subjects were killed while I was not present, and would estimate that they totalled between five and ten. "7. After a human experimental subject died as a result of ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 54,450 | 54,950 |
Weltz certainly never expressed any moral scruples against these high altitude tests since it was he who originally asked Dr. Ruff and me to assist Dr. **scher. (Signed) Dr. Romberg." I have no comment to make on this affidavit except with respect to the position of the defendant Becker-Freyseng at this time; and I wil... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 54,900 | 55,400 |
showing the autopsy on the body to the experiments conducted in Dachau. DR. SIEGFRIED WILLE:Dr. Wille, counsellor for the defendant Weltz. I should like further like to ask the representative of the prosecution how he can prove the authenticity of these pictures. It cannot be seen from the documents who it actually as ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 55,350 | 55,850 |
collegue. I have come to the results that the statement regarding the authenticity of these document cannot be applied to the film and I should, therefore, like to ask the prosecution to prove that we are really concerned with photographs dealing with the experiments of Ruff, Romberg and Rascher in Dachau. THE PRESIDEN... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 55,800 | 56,300 |
and he handed them over to the SS men who drove the chamber on to Dachau. "5. The experiments were actually conducted in Dachau during the spring or summer of 1942. They lasted from 2 to 3 months. Dr. Romberg stayed the whole time in Dachau with the exception of a few short trips to Berlin to report to me. I visited Da... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 56,250 | 56,750 |
take five or ten minutes. It is about three pages long. MR. PRESIDENT:Proceed. "1. I was born on 2 June 1909 at Frankfurt/Oder, Germany, and was educated for the law in university in Berlin and Jena. I joined the Nazi Party in 1932 and my party number is 1,331,546. In October 1933 I became a member of the SS with the n... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 56,700 | 57,200 |
were made with the Commandant of Dachau Concentration camp Piorkowski, and the Munich adjutant to the Reichsfuehrer-SS, Schnitzler. *r. Weltz agreed to supply the necessary orders for Dr. Rascher as far as the Luftaffe was concerned. "7. Instructions were given by the Reichsfuehrer SS that Rascher should personally tak... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 57,150 | 57,650 |
and consent of these men because they were conducted for the benefit of the Luftwaffe and the experimenters were for the most part Luftwaffe doctors. Rascher was also a member of the SS and it was for this reason that Himmler insisted on full participation by Rascher in the experiments - he wanted the SS to receive cre... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 57,600 | 58,100 |
children at an opportune moment. For the time being I have been assigned to the Luftgaukommando VII, Munich, for a medical course. During this course, where researches on high-altitude flights play a prominent part (determined by the somewhat higher coiling of the Enclish fighter planes), considerable regret was expres... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 58,050 | 58,550 |
beings. I also call your attention to the fact that Doctor Rascher in this very interesting letter says, and I quote: "I have had a very confidential talk with a representative of the Air Forces Surgeon who makes these experiments," and I suggest to the Tribunal that man was the defendant Weltz. I proceed now to Docume... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 58,500 | 59,000 |
owner of the firm Thams and Garfs. I ask you cordially to report benevolently on this matter to the Reichsfuehrer-SS, since it would be a pity if the matter should be decided negatively and the business ruined. I considered for a long time as to whether I might approach you in this matter, but after the most careful ex... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 58,950 | 59,450 |
Dr. Rascher, Dr. Romberg and Dr. Ruff. It was clearly determined that the experiments were only to be authorized in collaboration with Dr. Rascher. Weltz gave the assurance that he would take care of the corresponding authorization of Dr. Rascher. He was only able, however, to obtain one authorization which enabled Ras... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 59,400 | 59,900 |
first part of 1942 before the experiments actually got under way. But it seems somehow that the defendant Weltz was able to overcome whatever resistance he had met with in the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe, and permission had been secured for the carrying out of these experiments. I suggest that the cagey Dr. Weltz,... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 59,850 | 60,350 |
in them is easily understandable. Rascher, being in a dual position of member of SS while at same time member of Luftwaffe, was authorized to participate and the Reichsfuehrer insisted on his participation because since a member of the SS they could secure a substantial amount of credit which was supposed to come forwa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 60,300 | 60,800 |
have not been conducted at all, since it has been a foregone conclusion that the human experimental subject would suffer death. The experiments conducted by myself and Dr. Romberg proved the following: Experiments on parachute jumps proved that the lack of oxygen and the low atmospheric pressure at 12 or 13 km altitude... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 60,750 | 61,250 |
to 30 minutes. After 4 minutes the VP began to perspire and to wiggle his head, after 5 minutes cramps occurred, between 6 and 10 minutes breathing increased in speed and the VP became unconscious, after 11 to 30 minutes breathing slowed down to three breaths per minute, finally stopping alto gether. Severest cyanosis ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 61,200 | 61,700 |
were written down with EKG to the very end. The experiments will be continued and extended. Another interim report will follow after new results have been obtained. (signed) Dr. Rascher" THE PRESIDENT:Have you offered this interim report as a part of the Exhibit 49? MR. McHANEY:That is correct, Your Honor. They both ca... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 61,650 | 62,150 |
condemned to death. "2. I would like Dr. Fahrenkamp to be taken into consultation on these experiments. "3. Considering the long continued action of the heart, the experiments should be specifically exploited in such a manner as to determine whether these men could be recalled to life. Should such an experiment succeed... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 62,100 | 62,600 |
had the long-continued heart action after the man was apparently dead, after they had dissected him and removed the liquid which was forming a pressure on the heart and on the brain. That is the experiment that Himmler refers to, and he says, "If you can recall any of these men to life, then you may let them have life-... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 62,550 | 63,050 |
inquiry that the instruction given some time ago by the Reichsfuehrer SS concerning amnesty of test persons does not apply to Poles and Russians. /signed/ Brandt, SS Obersturmbannfuchrer." Now, Your Honor, at a later point we will come to the high altitude report, prepared by the defendants Ruff, Romberg, and the decea... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 63,000 | 63,500 |
the prolonged beating of the heart was observed after apparent death and we find his report on the continuation of these experiments in Document NO-218, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 56. This is dated 16 April 1942: "Highly esteemed Reichsfuhrer: "May I thank you for your letter of 13 April. I have been delighted w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 63,450 | 63,950 |
brought back to life, as Rascher puts it, and yet, having been assigned for a "terminal" experiment he was thereafter subjected to another experiment and killed. This indicates quite conclusively that there was no understanding between the defendants Ruff, Romberg and Rascher and Heinrich Himmler and the concentration ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 63,900 | 64,400 |
A number of experiments had been carried out up until that time. The defendant Rombert has admitted that he had observed deaths prior to this time and now we have this letter from a member of the staff of the Reich Fuehrer SS asking the Chief of the Medical Service of the Luftwaffe to extend his command. These deaths t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 64,350 | 64,850 |
the letter which I read, Your Honors, on the four extreme death cases which Rascher conducted after discovering this long continued heart action of a person who had apparently died. THE PRESIDENT:At this time the Tribunal will take a recess for fifteen minutes. (a recess was taken) THE MARSHAL:The Military Tribunal is ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 64,800 | 65,300 |
be placed upon the stand at this time. It should be seen to today that the defendants receive a copy of this notice that the witness will be called tomorrow morning at some time which you may specify. At what time tomorrow will you desire to place the witness upon the stand? MR. McHANEY:Well, it might depend a little b... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 65,250 | 65,750 |
If not, the assignment of Dr. RASCHER to the Institute Welz must be changed. Welz personally is not interested in these experiments. RLM asks Oberstabsarzt Dr. Welz, how long the experiments will last and whether it is justifiable to detail a medical officer for so long a time, RLM demands from WELZ an opinion on the e... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 65,700 | 66,200 |
of 11 May 1942. It is from SIGMUND RASCHER, to his "Highly esteemed Reichsfuhrer:" (Reading) "Enclosed I am forwarding a short summary on the principal experiments conducted up to date. A detailed report on the practical as well as the theoretical results will take some more time. I shall hurry. Since the material has ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 66,150 | 66,650 |
could make kneebends, showed a normal electrocardiograph and were able to work (60 to 70% of the cases examined.) "3. Descending tests on parachutes (suspended) without oxygen. These experiments proved that from 14 kilometers on down severest bends occurred which remained until the ground was reached. The detrimental e... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 66,600 | 67,100 |
fully fit up to 13 kilometers. Practically the limit is around 11 kilometers. "Experiments which I carried out in this connection proved that with pure oxygen no lowering of the measurable raw energy was noticeable up to 13.3 kilometers. The test persons merely became unwilling since pains of the body cavities grew too... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 67,050 | 67,550 |
all the other test persons. "It was also proved by experiments that air embolism occurs in practically all vessels even while pure oxygen is being inhaled. One test person was made to breathe pure oxygen for two and onehalf hours before the experiment started. After six minutes at a height of 20 kilometers he died at d... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 67,500 | 68,000 |
pressing at this time. "The low-pressure chamber would not be needed for these lowtemperature experiments. It is urgently needed at another place and therefore can no longer remain in Dachau. "I convey the special thanks from the supreme commander of the Luftwaffe to the SS for their extensive cooperation. "I remain wi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 67,950 | 68,450 |
appears in writing at the bottom of the letter. We now come to Document 284, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 65 pardon me that is Prosecution Exhibit 64. This is a letter presumably from Rudolf Brandt, although I cannot make out his initials on the Document, it is signed "Yours - SS Obersturmfuehrer" and it comes fro... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 68,400 | 68,900 |
JUDGE SEBERING:Was this Document to be introduced cut of order, or in the course of Exhibit 64? MR. MCHANEY:I tried to explain, your Honor, but apparently I did not make myself clear. Document No. 422 was introduced yesterday morning as Prosecution Exhibit No.33. I included the Document in this book rather than have it... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 68,850 | 69,350 |
interested in knowing that was an SS military unit, which was recruited exclusively or almost exclusively and at least in large measures from concentration camps. They undertook a recruiting program and tried to obtain some people whom they thought would operate very well in such a group as the "Dirlewanger" was. We no... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 69,300 | 69,800 |
are noted as Dr. Rascher and Stabsarzt der Luftwaffe. I think, probably refers to Rascher. Romberg's name appears below that. Then the note on the botton states that: "These studies were carried out in conjunction with the research and instruction association "Das Ahnenerbe". That is the organization cf which the defen... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 69,750 | 70,250 |
parachute harness. "For purposes of demonstration certain of the experiments were recorded on film. Electrocardiograms were made of several experiments in the experimental series. Oxygen was breathed out of the customary low pressure apparatus with continuous flow at attitudes over ten kilometers, 32,800 feet. The foll... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 70,200 | 70,700 |
11 minutes, holds his head turned convulsively to the right; tries repeatedly to answer the first question concerning his birth date. 12 minutes, questions of the subject: "may I slice something?" (Note. In civilian work he was a delicatessen clerk) "May I pant, will it be allright if I inhale?" "Breathes deeply, then ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 70,650 | 71,150 |
and 13.5 kilometers, there developed very gradually a condition of weakness combined with a peculiar headache, which then led to a considerable slackening of strength in the arms and hands. As a result of this, Romberg could no longer hold the breathing mouthpiece (for special reasons in those experiments, Romberg had ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 71,100 | 71,600 |
on the subjective reaction of the Defendants Romberg and Rascher should put at rest any claims by any of these defendants that these high altitude experiments were not painful. It very clearly states: "Rascher's whole right side felt as if it were being crushed between two presses; his skull felt as if it were being bu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 71,550 | 72,050 |
Milch: Enclosed please find a report about experiments for rescue from high altitudes, which have been carried out by Stabsarzt Dr. S. Rascher and Dr. H.W. Romberg. I saw a film produced by Dr. Rascher. I consider the results of these experiments as so important for the Luftwaffe, that I beg you to receive Dr. Rascher ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 72,000 | 72,500 |
reconvened at 1330 hours, 11 December 1946.) THE MARSHALL:The Honorable Judges of the Military Tribunal. The Military Tribunal is now in session. MR. HARDY:May it please the Tribunal, Mr. McHaney has introduced DocumentNO-221referring to the correspondence of Sievers to Brandt in regard to Rascher's position and his re... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 72,450 | 72,950 |
Milch concerning experiments for the rescue from great heights. "Very Honored Herr Reichsfuehrer SS, In the name of the German research on aviation-medical problems, I beg to thank you very obediently for the great help and all the interest shown in the Dachau experiments; these experiments form a supplement which is f... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 72,900 | 73,400 |
admittance to that film. About 20 gentlemen were present. The only way in which the whole affair was organized was by rumors which went around in the different departments of the Ministry of Air (RIM) that "something interesting is going to take place at 11 a.m." To my regret I only heard about that later on. "As at th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 73,350 | 73,850 |
and better results than were possible during many years of experiments on animals. "Weltz, instead of now admitting, that we reached our goal more quickly in the freezing problem through experiments on human beings, makes the excuse that he needs the apparatus, since at the present time he is conducting freezing experi... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 73,800 | 74,300 |
unfortunately, not able to report to Field Marshal Milch. As soon as the Reichsfuehrer SS comes back from his journey, I will ask him what he orders in this respect. Heil Hitler! Yours...." signed with the initials "R Br", meaning Rudolf Brandt. The defendant Sievers on those same lines in connection with the reporting... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 74,250 | 74,750 |
you to participate in the conference of 11th September 1942 and to convince yourself of the results, up to now, of the experiments, I beg you once more to-day, to put at our disposal the low pressure chamber, through the Aviation Experimental Institute. As the experiments are to be extended to greater altitudes, this t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 74,700 | 75,200 |
the Reichsfuehrer SS. After completion of the showing of the motion picture - the Secretary of State had not come, as he had been summoned to the Reich Marshall- the persons present still talked a little while about the motion picture, on which occasion less interest was shown in the subject itself than in the place cf... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 75,150 | 75,650 |
results of their experiments in November 1942, - this is Document 1617-PS, Prosecution's Exhibit 77 - Heinrich Himmler, the Reichsfuehrer SS, directed a letter to Field Marshal Milch which reads as follows: "Dear Comrade Milch: You will recall that through General Wolff I particularly recommended to you for your consid... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 75,600 | 76,100 |
"non-Christian" physician should changed, who should be at the same time honorable as a scientist and not prone to intellectual theft and who could be informed of the results. This physician should also have good contacts with the administrative authorities, so that the results would really obtain a hearing. I believe ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 76,050 | 76,550 |
that you had not time, when Dr. Rascher recently wanted to lecture at the Air Ministry. The Reichsfuehrer SS expected very much of it, because being personally informed, you certainly will have taken action to remove the many difficulties of Dr. Rascher's work. These difficulties are always the same. Luftwaffe medical ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 76,500 | 77,000 |
pumps, because experiments are to be extended to still higher altitudes. Best regards and "Heil Hitler! "Signed Wolff". Copies of this letter went to the SS Main Personal Office; Reichsrarzt Dr. Grawitz; SS Obf. Dr. Wuest; SS Staf. Sievers. Copies forwarded requesting attention by order and signed by Brandt, SS Oberstu... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 76,950 | 77,450 |
ware will be made available by the SS Medical Office, Berlin. "6) Publication of results obtained in such tests subject to my approval only". Signed "H. Himmler". We are now at the end of the presentation of documentary evidence on the High Altitude Experiments. We will, of course, have a witness on the High Altitude E... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 77,400 | 77,900 |
were begun in August 1942 and Rascher submitted a preliminary report in September 1942. The test-persons were partially submerged in ice water to lower their body temperature. This report stated that some of the experimental subjects were killed as a result of the experiment Rascher attempted to revive the frozen subje... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 77,850 | 78,350 |
the SS and away from the Luftwaffe so that his work can be carried out under the sole suspices of the Personal Staff of the Reichsfuehrer SS cud the Ahnenerbe Institute. As a result of this, Himmler wrote a letter to Field Marshall Wilch in November 1942, requesting that Rascher be discharged from the Luftwaffe and tra... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 78,300 | 78,800 |
the Luftwaffe and suggested that Himmler have Rascher attached to Obersturmbannfuehrer Dr. Pfannenstiel's Department in Marburg. "16. In February 1943, Rascher submitted his report on experiments with animal heat. In the same letter, he stated that he had carried out intense chilling experiments on 30 human beings by l... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 78,750 | 79,250 |
give you a rather full picture in one place of the experiments conducted on freezing at Dachau. You will see in the exhibits which will come in later a great many of the documents which are referred to in the affidavit of Rudolf Brandt. The next document will be DocumentNO-448, and is Prosecution Exhibit 81. This is an... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 79,200 | 79,700 |
case against Becker-Freyseng and also Mr. Schroeder because they will indicate that this office, the Office for Aviation Medicine, was concerned with particular matters stated in that letter. I just would like to sum up: When we see the letter designation "2 II B" of "2 F" or "2 II A," we know that it is referring to t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 79,650 | 80,150 |
men all research assignments of scientists working for us so that duplication of work could be eliminated. "(Signed) Hermann Becker-Freyseng." I may say that the defendant Becker-Freyseng was certainly in a position to know whereof he speaks since it was the Department for Aviation Medicine which assigned a great numbe... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 80,100 | 80,600 |
a r i s c h , of the University Innsbruck, "Professor Dr. Holzloehner, of Kiel, as well as the Luftwaffe-pathologist "Professor Dr. S i n g e r , of Schwabing Hospital. (I know Professor Singer personally very well). The inspector designated the experiments as extraordinarily important, as we must count on another wint... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 80,550 | 81,050 |
enclosure the first intermediary report about the freezing experiments. "In the beginning of October a meeting on the subject of freezing experiments is to take place. Professor Dr. Helzloehner, participating in our Dachau experiments on behalf of the Luftwaffe, wants to give on this occasion an account of the results ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 81,000 | 81,500 |
it was shown that rapid re-warming was in all cases preferable to slow re-warming, because after removal from the cold water, the body temperature continued to sind rapidly. I think that for this reason we can dispense with the attempt to save intensely chilled subjects by means of animal heat. "Re-warning by animal wa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 81,450 | 81,950 |
the defendant Sievers. The next document is No. 285, which will be Prosecution Exhibit 86. It is also a letter from Rascher to Rudolf Brandt. The letter is addressed to " Most Honored Obersturmbannfuehrer ", and is not address by name to the defendant, Rudolf Brandt. The Prosecution takes the position that the letter w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 81,900 | 82,400 |
I immediately informed Obersturmbannfuehrer Sievers. For the time being the report is being held as a military Secret at the German Experimental Institute for Aviation together with a distribution list prepared by the Reich Air Ministry. The distribution of the copies, however, has not yet taken place, because, as I sa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 82,350 | 82,850 |
a telegram from the Reichssicherheitshauptant, which is what we normally call the RSHA, and the Gestapo was a part of that organization. The telegram is signed, " Weiss ", who apparently was the Camp Commandant at Dachau. The telegram is addressed to SS Obersturmbannfuehrer Rudolf Brandt, and states that the Commandant... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 82,800 | 83,300 |
of letters, the meaning of all of which I do not know. It says "D.D.d.L." I don't know the meaning of that. Then comes "and Ob.d.L." That means Oberkommando der Luftwaffe. Then "Ch.d.Luftwaffen. L.In. 14". T think , means Chief of the Luftwaffen Inspectorate 14, who at that time was Erich Hippke, Then immediately under... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 83,250 | 83,750 |
was about to say that the defendant Genzken however-- his office, as I recall, was attached to the SS Fuehrungshauptamt, which is the operational headquarters of the Waffen SS, and the reference here is to the SS Central Office to which Grawitz' Office was attached. "It is further requested to abstain from forwarding t... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 83,700 | 84,200 |
to spare a quarter of an hour to listen to an oral report, I remain, with the most obedient regard an Heil Hitler ! Yours respectfully, Rascher". We came now to the final report on the cooling experiments on living human persons at Dachau. This is Doc.NO-428and it will be Prosecution Exhibit 91. This report is rather l... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 84,150 | 84,650 |
uniform, a one piece summer or winter protective suit, helmet and aviators fur lined boots. In addition they were a lifepreserver of rubber or kapok. The effect of additional protective clothing against water-cold was tested in a special series of experiments, and in another series the cooling of the unclothed person w... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 84,600 | 85,100 |
Cardiazol i.v. and i.c.; Lobelin and Coramin i.v. and i.c.. In other experiments alcohol or grape sugar was given. A part of the experiments were begun under narcosis ( 8 cc. Evipan i.v.)." Only part were done under narcosis. The clinical picture of cooling I think worthwhile to read since it is clearly stated there wa... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 85,050 | 85,550 |
a severe cold shuddering appeared. The cooling of the neck and back of the head was felt as especially painful, but already after 5 to 10 minutes a significant weakening of the pain sensation was observable. Rigor developed after this time in the same manner as under narcosis, likewise the tonicclonic twitchings. At th... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 85,500 | 86,000 |
suddenly to about 120 per minute. At a rectal body temperature of about 34 degress Centigrade, it then began to become increasingly slower and to sink continuously to about 30 per minute. " The bradycardia at a body temperature of about 29 to 30 degrees Centigrade changed suddenly to an arrythmia perpetuator, as the ca... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 85,950 | 86,450 |
for 85 minutes. We will come back again to this special experiment. Then I shall skip to page 40 at the bottom of the page : " In order to follow up the effect of isolate cooling of the neck and back of the head on consciousness, body temperature and circulation, this was undertaken in three special experiments. The ex... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 86,400 | 86,900 |
with the heart activity. These were cases in which it was specially noted that the neck and the back of the head lay deep in the water. In all remaining cases breathing outlasted the clinical chamber-cessation by as much as twenty minutes. In part this was 'normal, much-decelerated breathing', in part an angonal form o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 86,850 | 87,350 |
this stage. In three cases the return of the hear action to normal occurred in spite of simultaneous energetic physical work." The report continues by making scientific observations about death resulting from cold. It also discusses comparative results they obtained with these obtained in animal experimentation. I woul... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 87,300 | 87,800 |
be an explanation of deaths which occur after successful rescue form the sea. "7. Intensive rewarning never injures the severely chilled person. "8. Strophantin treatment was not observed to have been successful. The question of the used of strophantin remains open, however. Remedies which influence the peripheral circ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 87,750 | 88,250 |
Sievers should arrange the possibility of evaluation at Institutes which are connected with us. "I regard those people as high and national traitors who, still today, reject these experiments on humans, and would instead let sturdy German soldier die as a result of these cooling methods. I shall not hesitate to report ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 88,200 | 88,700 |
a witness, took the stand and testified as follows: THE PRESIDENT:Judge Sebring will administer the oath to the witness. BY JUDGE SEBRING: Q.Hold up your right hand and repeat the oath after me. I swear by God, the Almighty and Omniscient, that I will speak the pure truth and will withhold and add nothing. (The witness... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 88,650 | 89,150 |
A.Yes. Q.When and where did you first meet him? A.At the institute. I believe in the second half of 1941. Q.And it was the institute of Weltz that you refer to? A.Yes. Q.Did Weltz ever offer you the opportunity to do high altitude rescar on human beings in the Dachau concentration camp? A.Yes, Weltz asked Wendt and me ... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 89,100 | 89,600 |
witness, if you attended a certain conference on Aviation Medicine hold in the city of Nurnberg on the 26th and 27th of October, 1942? A.Yes. Q.Do you remember, on the occasion of that meeting, that a paper was read by a man by the name of HOLZLOEHNER? A.HOLZLOEHNER -- yes, I remember that. Q.And what was the subject o... | Harvard: Medical Case (Karl Brandt et al.) | 89,550 | 90,050 |
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