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7af4ddbb-fde0-4b78-a65b-3a07c93ff5ff | Mc Murray's osteotomy is done for- | Malunited interochantric fracture of femur | Nonunion transcervical neck fracture of femur | Nonunion lateral condyle fracture of humerus | Malunited supracondylar fracture of humerus | 1b | single | *Mc Murray's osteotomy and Meyer's procedure (muscle pedicle graft) are used for non-union transcervical neck fracture of femur. INDICATIONS: 1. Nonunion of femoral neck 2. Advanced osteoahritis . PREOPERATIVE PLANNING : Determination of the size of the bone wedge to be removed, the position of the seating chisel which... | Orthopaedics | Pelvis and Hip injuries |
dcf71412-6fe0-4f53-bed3-7218aa719ed2 | Pelvic Inflammatory Disease occurs least common with : | OCPs | Condom | IUCD | Diaphragm | 1b | single | Ans. is b i.e. Condom Barrier methods (especially condom) and OCP's both protect against PID, but the protection offered by OCP's is less than that by Barrier method. "The incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease (P1D) is reduced. though it does not reach the same low level as seen with the barrier methods." As far as ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
c21bbb42-0e90-40a7-8781-9267736efafe | Which of the following investigation is the BEST method of diagnosis of HIV in childhood? | CD4 cell counts | P24 antigen | ELISA | Anti HIV antibody | 1b | single | The two tests used for diagnosing HIV infection in in children less than 18 months are detection of HIV nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) AND detection of HIV p24 antigen. Definitive diagnosis requires presence of reactive tests on two separate determinations using one of the above tests after 4 or 6 weeks and confirmed by the... | Pediatrics | null |
07b293e8-7712-4888-a0b4-65b032cec437 | Active replication in Hepatitis B in fection is indicated by - | HBeAg | HBsAg | HBcAg | Anti-HBsAg | 0a | single | Circulating HBeAg Indicate of active intrahepatic replication REF:MICROBIOLOGY ANANTHA NARAYANAN NINTH EDITION PAGE.547 | Microbiology | Virology |
f6ae6ec6-9e00-4729-af19-bff76f8b2052 | Which of the following types of bias can be reduced by by allowing equal interview time- | Berkesonian bias | Recall bias | Selection bias | Interviewer bias | 3d | multi | Interviewer's bias Occur when interviewer knows the hypothesis and know who the cases are. This type of bias can be eliminated by double-blinding. (refer pgno:74 park 23 rd edition) | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
67b68177-043a-4c45-8e19-e88a95b46b5a | The most common site of hypertensive intracranial hemorrhage is: | Putamen | Midbrain | Medulla | Cerebrum | 0a | single | Ans. (a) Putamen* Basal Ganglia (Putamen) is the MC site of ICH.* Of all the hemorrhages in Brain - Intracerebral hemorrhage is the MC type of hemorrhage.* The MC cause of Intracranial bleed - Hypertension | Surgery | Nervous System |
89db54b1-bbea-4cc9-981c-36f828b2bd62 | The percentage of water in Liquor Amnii is: | 42% | 64% | 76% | 99% | 3d | single | 99% | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
51065d75-464c-4e93-b155-099fd658730f | Optic cup is derived from ? | Neural ectoderm | Surface ectoderm | Mesoderm | Neural crest | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Neural ectoderm | Anatomy | null |
73ded937-7187-4709-a756-dfec00a619a8 | Which among the following about removable space maintainers are wrong? | Being tissue born, they impose less stress on the remaining teeth | By virtue of tissue stimulation they often accelerate the eruption of teeth between them | They can be functional in the truest sense, hence better patient co-operation can be expected | Easier to fabricate, requiring less chair-side time | 2c | multi | The compliance of the removable appliance doesn’t improve with functional or non-functional type. | Dental | null |
ab397b75-922a-496e-8469-738e5e17f713 | X-ray of a young man shows hetrotopic calcification around bilateral knee joints. Next investigation would be- | Serum phosphate | Serum calcium | Serum PTH | Serum Alkaline phosphatase | 3d | single | null | Orthopaedics | null |
71840043-e6e8-4b9b-89ea-6d2fa441babe | Which of the following is a synthetic estrogen ? | Estrone | Estriol | Estradiol | Diethylstibestrol | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., DiethylstibestrolEstrogeno Ethinylestradiolo Diethylstibestrolo Mestranolo Hexestrolo Tiboloneo Dienestroi | Pharmacology | Sex-Hormone |
497f41d8-70cc-4cbc-9fe1-91e6aac4544f | Hardy Weinberg law is related to | Gene therapy | Population genetics | Human genome project | Eugenics | 1b | single | Hardy Weinberg law: states that the genotype frequencies in a population remain constant or are in equilibrium from generation to generation unless specific disturbing influences are introduced.
Genetic equilibrium (HW law) is a basic principle of population genetics; the entire principle is based on Mendelian genetic... | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
072855bc-5876-4c6f-811c-35259b9d55e9 | The most sensitive test for the diagnosis of herpes simplex (HSV) meningitis in a newborn infant is | HSV IgG antibody | HSV polymerase chain reaction (PCR) | HSV culture | Tzanck smear | 1b | single | HSV meningitis or encephalitis is difficult to diagnose by laboratory tests as there is a low titer of virus present in the CSF. Neonatal HSV infects the child during the birth process. While culture, Tzanck smear, and even antibody tests may be useful in adults, particularly those with HSV-rich lesions, they are not u... | Microbiology | Virology |
f9f76f1f-4394-4ab2-a9bc-8d17c584725e | Embryo proper is derived from which pa of morula: | Inner cell mass | Outer cell mass | Both of the above | None of the above | 0a | multi | Approximately 3 days after feilization, cells of the compacted embryo divide again to form a 16-cell morula (mulberry). Inner cells of the morula constitute the inner cell mass, and surrounding cells compose the outer cell mass. The inner cell mass gives rise to tissues of the embryo proper, and the outer cell mass for... | Anatomy | null |
d499e578-58a2-40c9-ae80-c99c6b719370 | A 63-year-old man is noticed to have asymmetric pupils. He is completely well and has no symptoms. On examination, the left pupil is small, round, and has a brisk response to light and near stimuli (accommodation). There is also ptosis of the left eyelid, but no other ocular movement abnormality or symptoms of double v... | essential anisocoria | Horner syndrome | tonic pupils (Holmes-Adie syndrome) | Argyll Robertson pupils | 1b | multi | Horner syndrome results in a small, round pupil on one side. Light and near reaction is brisk, and response to mydriatics and miotics is normal. The affected pupil will not dilate in the dark, so darkness accentuates the anisocoria. The syndrome is often idiopathic but can be caused by neoplasm, brain stem stroke, or c... | Medicine | C.N.S. |
f46ec8fd-f343-435d-9e21-9ba5a9fcd4f2 | A 67-year-old man complains of a lesion in his left eye. Physical examination reveals a triangular fold of vascularized conjunctiva growing horizontally into the cornea in the shape of an insect wing. Which of the following terms best describes this patient's lesion? | Loiasis | Onchocerciasis | Pinguecula | Pterygium | 3d | multi | Pterygium is a fold of vascularized conjunctiva that grows horizontally onto the cornea in the shape of an insect wing (hence the name). It is often associated with a pinguecula (conjunctival lump, choice C) and frequently recurs after excision.Diagnosis: Pterygium | Pathology | Misc. |
01f349cd-2497-4157-8369-310075d2fcab | Most reliable marker for hypothyroidism: | T3 | T4 | TSH | Thyroxine binding globulin | 2c | single | Ans. (c) TSHRef : Harrison 19th ed. 12289* Best test for diagnosis of hypothyroidism is T.S.H (Thyroid Stimulating Hormone).* TSH can also be used for monitoring response to treatment. | Medicine | Endocrinology |
76236204-9d44-4a6b-88f8-52c19b002976 | This eyes sign is most likely seen in which condition: | Medial medullary syndrome | Lateral medullary syndrome | Optic chiasma lesion | Benedict syndrome | 1b | single | Ans. B. Lateral medullary syndromea. Above image shows Ptosis of right eye.b. This shows paralysis of IIIrd Nervec. Lateral Medullary syndrome (Wallenberg Syndrome) is a neurologic disorder due to ischemia of lateral part of Medulla d/t involvement of Posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA)d. It is characterized by... | Medicine | C.N.S. |
6a584592-6cf8-49c8-8bb4-a2c0c1a45233 | All of the following amino acids are conveed to succinyl-CoA, except | Methionine | Isoleucine | Valine | Histidine | 3d | multi | Valine, isoleucine, and methionine are conveed to succinyl CoA, whereas histidine is conveed to alpha-ketoglutarate and both are involved in the TCA cycle. | Biochemistry | Metabolism of protein and amino acid |
fa8a1316-a482-40f6-a517-843e06478a72 | Albers schonberg disease is also known as - | Osteoprosis | Osteopetrosis | OI | Paget's disease | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Osteopetrosis o Osteopetrosis is also known as Marble bone disease or Albers-Schonberg disease.o Paget's disease is known as Osteitis deformans,o Osteogenesis imperfecta is known as Brittle bone disease,o Osteoporosis is known as Fragile bone disease. | Orthopaedics | Regional Disease |
5cfb1668-9dc6-467d-b562-0e7f9622adbd | In OCP, estrogen is used in | Ethinyl estradiol | Norethisterone | Ethynodiol diacetate | Allyloestranol | 0a | multi | A. i.e. (Ethinyl estradiol) (208 - Shaw 's Nth)COMBINED ORAL PILLS - usually contain a mixture of* Ethinyloestradiol or mestranol (20 to 30|ig)* Active progestogen - 19 morsteroid* Mala D contains -0.5 mg of D- norgestrel*** Mala N contains - 1 mg norethisterone** (Norgestrel 0.30 mg and Ethyl oestradiol 3.0 mg)* Treat... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Gynae) |
61e7afae-3300-473c-9b74-8c511b7754e8 | Blood group antigens belong to the class | Conjugated proteins | Unconjugated protein | Simple protein | Hemoglobin binding protein | 0a | single | For red blood cells, the membrane oligosaccharides that determine the antigenic natures of the ABO substances appear to be mostly present in glycosphingolipids, whereas in secretions the same oligosaccharides are present in glycoproteins. Some examples of conjugated proteins are lipoproteins, glycoproteins, phosphoprot... | Biochemistry | Structure and function of protein |
a236f205-f584-4ec7-b2b3-ff8a4bc9e61b | Bill's bar divides: | Facial nerve and cochlear nerve | Facial nerve and superior vestibular cochlear nerve | Facial and inferior vestibule cochlear nerve | Superior and inferior vestibule cochlear nerve | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Facial nerve and superior vestibular cochlear nerveRef: Dhingra's ENT 6th ed.l 90-91* Bills bar divides the superior compartment of the internal acoustic meatus into an anterior and posterior compartment.* Anterior to Bill's bar, are the facial nerve (in the anterior superior quadrant) and nervus intermedius, ... | ENT | Facial Nerve And Its Disorders |
c34231e2-75d8-4815-9b5e-6aedc87174e5 | Contraceptive effect of CuT-380A lasts for how many years? | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 1b | single | Ans. (b) 10 yearsShaw 15ih227-8Name of deviceEffective period* CuT 380A10 years* Nova T-Silver5 years* Multiload3755 years* Multiload2503 years | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Non-Hormonal - Intrauterine Devices |
8d07a565-697f-46c8-b7d1-282a639c4d3a | Stereocilia and kinocilium are present in | Tongue | Inner ear | Nose | Eye | 1b | single | (B) Inner ear > A kinocilium is a special type of cilium on the apex of hair cells located in the sensory epithelium of the vertebrate inner ear. Stereocilia (or stereovilli) are apical modifications of the cell, which are distinct from cilia and microvilli, but closely related to the latter. They are found in three re... | Physiology | Special Senses: Hearing and Equilibrium |
4dd662ee-89c8-402d-b454-7ac917e250a7 | True about tubercular otitis media are all except | Spreads through Eustachian tube | Causes painless ear discharge | May cause multiple perforations | Usually affects both ears | 3d | multi | Tubercular otitis media In most of the cases, infection is secondary to pulmonary tuberculosis; infection reaches the middle ear through the eustachian tube. Perforation: Multiple perforations, 2 or 3 in number, are seen in pars tensa and form a classical sign of disease. These may coalesce into a single large perforat... | ENT | Ear |
13ac6b08-b090-4414-8c5f-78440a715688 | Which of the following is the most specific screening test for renovascular hypeension: | Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) | Spiral Computed Tomographic Angiography (CT Angiography) | Captopril induced Radionucleotide Scan (Captopril Renogram) | Duplex Doppler Ultrasonography | 0a | single | Answer is A (Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA) has now emerged as the most sensitive and specific screening test for Renovascular hypeension. Note: Harrison 16'h edition (old) mentions Spiral CT scan as the most sensitive and specific screening test for Renovascular Hypeension, h... | Medicine | null |
6af6489a-e510-499e-af47-b416ed215340 | INR in warfarin therapy is? | 1.5 | 2.5 | 3.5 | 4.5 | 1b | single | ANSWER: (B) 2.5REF: Harrison 18th ed chapter 118For most indications, warfarin is administered in doses that produce a target INR of 2.0- 3.0. An exception is patients with mechanical heart valves, where a target INR of 2.5-3.5 is recommended. Studies in atrial fibrillation demonstrate an increased risk of cardioemboli... | Medicine | Bleeding and Thrombotic Disorders |
53222922-d241-49e2-abc4-6372d74c97a2 | Calculate the osmolarity of a solution which contains 180 gm of glucose per dl, 117 gm of Nacl per dl and 56 gm of BUN per dl- | 20 osmol/L | 30 osmol/L | 50 osmol/L | 70 osmol/L | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., 70 osmol/L * One mole of osmotically active particles is called one osmole.* In case of non-dissociated solutes, one gram molecular weight of any substance contain similar number of osmotically active molecules (osmoles), thus a molar solution of glucose contains 1 osmole.* On the other hand, in case ... | Physiology | Kidneys and Body Fluids |
f3bfd1ab-04f6-4254-93ad-cd18b7fa5897 | Sex worker with discharging ulcer, gram-negative diplococci & growth on modified
Thayer Martin media. Diagnosis | N. gonococci | Syphilis | LGV | Chancroid | 0a | single | Information in this question are -
i. Gram negative diplococci.
ii. Growth on modified Thayer-Martin media.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae is a gram negative diplococci and Thayer-Martin medium is the selective medium for gonococci. | Dental | null |
a2b9afb7-78c5-4cba-808c-ebc2107ecb3c | All of the following are pathological features associated with Crohn's disease except: March 2012 | Skip lesions | Non caseating granulomas | Cobblestone appearance | Toxic megacolon | 3d | multi | Ans: D i.e. Toxic megacolonInflammatory bowel diseasePresence of multiple, separate, sharply delineated areas of disease, resulting in skip lesions, is characteristic of Crohn's disease and may help in differentiation from ulcerative colitisNon-caseating granuloma, a hallmark of Crohn disease, are found in approximatel... | Pathology | null |
ddca855f-8379-4016-9830-2d75c480d96e | Anxiety states can be induced by the following except | Cholecystokinin | Yohimbine | Sodium Lactate | Isoproterenol | 0a | multi | (A) Cholecystokinin # SUBSTANCE/DRUG INDUCED ANXIETY DISORDER:> The essential features of substance-induced anxiety disorder are prominent and persistent feelings of anxiety that are judged to be due to the direct physiological effects of intoxication or withdrawal from a substance. Prominent anxiety, Panic Attacks, or... | Psychiatry | Miscellaneous |
522577d8-c2f2-4c60-b21d-41d67623c966 | A 16-yrs-old girl presents with bowel obstruction. Laparotomy reveals markedly enlarged para-aoic lymph nodes. Biopsy of lymph nodes exhibit a diffuse neoplastic infiltrate of small, round lymphocytes with a "starry sky" appearance on low power. The cytoplasm of some of the lymphocytes is vacuolated and fat stains are ... | Positive non-specific esterase stain of the cells | Positive specific esterase stain of the cells | Low leukocyte alkaline phosphatase score | t(8;14) translocation | 3d | multi | The patient has Burkitt lymphoma (Lukes-Collins; small non-cleaved), which is the most common malignant lymphoma in children. Approximately one-third of all childhood lymphomas in the United States are of the Burkitt type. There is an American and a Noh American variant. The relationship of Burkitt to the Epstein-Barr ... | Pathology | General pathology |
a0033c5a-cffd-4363-a5ae-6930d5017890 | Which of the following is TRUE/FALSE about weight loss? a) Psychiatric disorders are a major cause of involuntary weight loss. b) Up to 20% of all cancer deaths are caused directly by cachexia. c) Connective tissue diseases decreases metabolic demand. d) Hypehyroidism in the elderly have more prominent sympathomimetic ... | a,b,c,d,e-True None-False | a,b,c-True & d,e-False | a,b,c,d-True & e-False | a,b,e-True & c,d,-False | 3d | multi | Connective tissue diseases may increase metabolic demand and disrupt nutritional balance. Hypehyroidism in the elderly may have less prominent sympathomimetic features and may present as "apathetic hypehyroidism" or T3 toxicosis Ref:Harrisons Principles of Internal Medicine, 18th Edition, Pages 642- 44 | Medicine | null |
a4d177f3-419e-4261-a966-cc37f54e6f03 | In aoic dissection blood enters in - | Intima | Media | Adventitia | Any of the above layer | 1b | multi | Ans. is `b' i.e., MediaAoic dissection o Aoic dissection is a catastrophic illness characterized by dissection of blood between and along the laminar planes of aoic media.o Blood enters inside the aerial wall (in the media layer) and leads to formation of blood filled channels within the aoic wall, which often ruptures... | Pathology | null |
e499a6bf-a507-4607-ba93-119a928df307 | CrPC 26 - | Division of offence | Division of negligence | Division of malpractice | None | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e.. Division of offenceo According to Sec 26 of CrPC, 1973, Offences under the Criminal Procedure Code (hereinafter the "CrPC1') are divided into:1. Offences under Indian Penal Code (IPC) (triable by HC, Sessions Court and other court shown in the 1st Schedule to the CrPC)2. Offences under any other law (... | Forensic Medicine | Introduction to Forensic Medicine and Medical Jurisprudence |
b6c6dfc7-ea00-4e01-82f1-5eb2bce7f8ba | Claw hand is caused by lesion involving which of the following nerves? | Ulnar nerve | Median nerve | Radial nerve | Posterior interosseous nerve | 0a | single | Claw hand or "main en griffe", is an abnormal posture of hand with hyperextension at metacarpophlangeal joints (fifth, fouh and to a lesser extent third) and flexion at interphlangeal joints. This results from ulnar nerve leisions above the elbow or injury to the lower pa of brachial plexus, producing wasting and weakn... | Surgery | null |
baf5ed68-b5c9-4a35-99e5-536c0855fc94 | The ADA specification No 1 for composition of amalgam alloy, recommends, | 65% silver, 32% tin and 3% copper | 49% silver, 32% tin and 19% copper | 65% silver, 29% tin and 5-6% copper | None of the above | 2c | multi | null | Dental | null |
d3cd64e3-0bbb-48b8-a4e9-7b3aeb66c5c8 | Oestrogen causes proliferation of | Intermediate cells | Superficial cells | Basal cells | Both superficial and intermediate cells | 1b | multi | Oestrogen causes proliferation of glycogen containing superficial cells and progesterone causes proliferation of intermediate cells. | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
8a2a49ca-1248-4421-ba4b-ae69c2965424 | Anterior resection is done for a patient with rectal cancer. Post operatively he presents with pain. Biopsy shows involvement of muscular wall but no penetration. Out of the 13 lymph nodes, one is involved. But the high tide lymph node is not involved. Modified duke stage | C1 | C2 | D1 | D2 | 0a | multi | Ans. (a) C1Ref Page 1209/ Schwartz 10th editionThough there were lots of named colonic cancer staging used.All are replaced by only TNM staging now.For exam point of view we still read those outdated stagings.DukesACMACDescriptionAAALimited to mucosa, N0 B1B1Penetration into Submucosa, not through Muscularis propria, N... | Surgery | Rectum |
de4fce81-ce14-422b-8f68-b6c276f47f83 | WHO prognostic score for a high-risk GTN is | >= 6 | >= 7 | >= 10 | >= 15 | 1b | single | Modified World Health Organization Prognostic Scoring System, as Adapted by FIGO, by which women whose score is 0-6 are Considered Low Risk (Requiring Single-Agent Chemotherapy) and score of 7 or more, High Risk (Requiring Multiagent Combination Chemotherapy)Scores0123Age<40>= 40----Antecedent pregnancyMoleAboionTerm--... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
152b8229-eba2-4177-ba44-05e87a99be79 | A 5 yr old male child presented with H/O recurrent infections. O/E the child has rashes as shown below. Routine blood investigation reveal patient has low platelets. Which of the following diagnosis is possible? | Job syndrome | Wiskott Aldrich syndrome | Measles | Henoch Schonlein purpura | 1b | single | Wiskott Aldrich syndrome Etiopathogenesis: X linked recessive disorder Defect in WASP gene (Chr Xp11) Clinical: Characterized by recurrent infections, eczema like rash & thrombocytopenia Prolonged bleeding from circumcision site Bloody diarrhea Streptococcus pneumoniae & other bacteria having polysaccharide capsules ca... | Pediatrics | Paediatrics |
d2a5f163-4988-469b-a1b8-5a67607af0cf | A pregnant woman with severe mitral stenosis is likely to undergo failure in the anetnatal period. Best method to prevent cardiac failure in this patient is? | T. Furosemide through out pregnancy | Balloon mitral valvuloplasty in second trimester | Digoxin for all hea patients | Admit all at 30 weeks | 1b | multi | Balloon mitral valvuloplasty is the best treatment to prevent failure in severe MS. The ideal time for surgery would have been the interpregnancy interval, but since the patient is already pregnant, 20 - 24 weeks is the most preferable time. However in cases of severe mitral stenosis, surgery may be performed any time ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Obstetrics |
570edb36-2ea3-4332-9e2f-9d7a84380ae2 | False statement about hemoglobin structure? | Hb has 2 polypeptide | Iron is present in ferrous state | Hb structurally similar to myoglobin | Ferrous ions are in porphyrin rings | 0a | multi | Each hemoglobin molecule is made up of:- (i) Non-protein part, i.e. heme; and (ii) Globin, which has 4 polypeptide chains (2 pairs of similar polypeptide chains).
Iron of hemoglobin is in the ferrous state which lies in the center of the porphyrin ring.
Myoglobin and the β-subunits of hemoglobin share almost identical ... | Biochemistry | null |
77c8d088-aa1e-47ac-ba0a-dcf7fa6aeb6f | Calcium blocking agents of use in the treatment of hypeension include | Prazosin | Lidoflazine | Captopril | Nifedipine | 3d | single | Nifedipine The overriding action of Nifedipine is aeriolar dilation, t.p.r. decreases and BP falls.Doesn&;t depress SA node or A-V conduction.Reflex sympathetic stimulation of hea predominates leading to tachycardia, increased contractility and C.O., coronary flow is increased.Its use is associated with higher moality ... | Pathology | All India exam |
7d522951-4753-48eb-a991-e28526373fe4 | Term 'schizophrenia' was coined by:TN 06; Ranchi 10; NEET 13 | Eugene Bleuler | Kraepelin | Freud | Schneider | 0a | single | Ans. Eugene Bleuler | Forensic Medicine | null |
e2a52764-12ce-486f-ac9d-6658523eed8f | Which of the milestone develops first – | Mirror play | Crawling | Creeping | Pincer grasp | 0a | single | A child enjoys watching his own image in the mirror (mirror play) by 6 months.
A child crawls in the bed by 8 months.
Full creeping and crawling develop by 10 months.
Pincer grasps develops by 9 months. | Pediatrics | null |
8b35c055-0318-4a2c-bba6-75636b5e09ef | A 40-year-old lady with temporal field defects and galactorrhoea is most likely to have - | Pituitary macroadenoma | Craniopharyngioma | Lactational failure | Pregnancy | 0a | single | Temporal field defects in women with galactorrhoea suggests pituitary macroadenoma.
Increased secretion of prolactin causes amenorrhoea, galactorrhoea and the mass effect of the tumour on the optic nerve produces headache and visual field defect. | Medicine | null |
805fb388-be9b-406a-b8ab-d1c8d0c94472 | The following general anaesthetic causes characteristic 'dissociative anesthesia': | Thiopentone | Althesin | Ketamine | Barbiturate | 2c | single | The characteristic state observed after an induction dose of ketamine is known as "dissociative anesthesia," wherein the patient's eyes remain open with a slow nystagmic gaze (cataleptic state). If ketamine is administered as the sole anesthetic, amnesia is not as complete as with the benzodiazepines. Reflexes are ofte... | Anaesthesia | null |
e96c8f49-bd1c-4476-bbfa-4e468181a3be | 3 year old child with red scrotal swelling which shows self resolution by next day morning and maximum in evening with positive transillumination test. Diagnosis: | Scrotal abscess | Congenital hydrocele | Secondary abscess | Infantile hydrocele | 1b | single | Ans. (b) Congenital hydroceleRef: Bailey & Love 26th ed. /1382* Hydrocele is an accumulation of fluid in layers of tunica vaginalis.* Vaginal hydrocele: MC type. Accumulation of fluid within tunica vaginalis layers* Infantile hydrocele: doesn't necessarily appear in infants. The tunica and processus vaginalis are diste... | Surgery | Inguinal Hernias |
582ba6ec-4ad2-4166-83f4-ed9643560d45 | A 5 year old girl came with history of progressively increasing pallor since bih and hepatosplenomegaly. Which of the following is the most relevant test for achieving diagnosis - | Hb electrophoresis | Peripheral smear examination | Osmotic fragility test | Bone marrow examination | 0a | multi | <p>Hb electrophoresis helps to confirm beta thalassemia (Hb F increased ,HbA2 increased ). </p><p>Reference :Harsh mohab textbook of pathology sixth edition pg no 322.</p> | Medicine | Haematology |
3c2f22cc-ad0f-4898-8ca4-3616fd8bc167 | Conjunctival mucosal overgrowth over cornea- | Pterygium | Pingecula | Vernal keratoconjunctivitis | Herbe's pit | 0a | single | Pterygium is a degenerative conjunctival fold which encroaches on the cornea in the palpebral area. It must be differentiated from pseudopterygium (an inflammatory fold of conjunctiva encroaching on cornea).Pterygium (L. Pterygion = a wing) is a wing-shaped fold of conjunctiva encroaching upon the cornea from either si... | Ophthalmology | Conjunctiva |
e7339d15-f4f7-4ecf-8113-ea6272485cbd | A female developed ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome during the treatment of infeility. What is the MOST common cause of ovarian hyperstimulation? | FSH/LH therapy | GnRH drugs | Clomiphene | Danazol | 0a | single | Ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome (OHSS): It is a clinical symptom complex associated with ovarian enlargement resulting from exogenous gonadotropin therapy. Symptoms may include abdominal pain and distension, ascitis, gastrointestinal problems, respiratory compromise, oliguria, hemoconcentration, and thromboembolism. ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
3e028cce-7825-488a-9801-9b2851eba6a6 | Lymphatics of suprarenal gland drain into______ lymph nodes | Internal iliac | Para-aortic | Superficial inguinal | Coeliac | 1b | single | Ans. b (Para-aortic nodes) (Ref BDC vol. 2 /4th/307)Lymphatics of adrenal/suprarenal gland drain into lateral/para-aortic nodes.Lymphatic Drainage of the Suprarenal Glands# The lymph vessels arise from a plexus deep to the capsule and from one in the medulla.# Most of lymphatics that leave the suprarenal glands end in ... | Anatomy | KUB & Adrenal Gland |
f4623db5-ce8a-4ef7-9757-a577e089590b | Most common nerve injured in ligation of sup thyroid artery - | RLN | Facial N. | Mandibular M. | External laryngeal nerve | 3d | single | The external laryngeal nerve lies in relation to superior thyroid artery.
The recurrent laryngeal nerve lies close to superior laryngeal artery. | ENT | null |
60c99d7a-f832-4a1a-b1c9-796f9860da16 | Burn caused by moist heat is known as: | Scalds. | Scars. | Ordinary burn. | None. | 0a | multi | null | Surgery | null |
aeef69e2-0427-4278-9325-3d03bc73f83c | In central serous retinopathy- | Often shows focal leakage on fluorescein fundus photography | A macular hole is a common end result | The image perceived by the patient on the affected side in unilateral cases is bigger than on the normal side | A dense central scotoma is the most common presentation | 0a | single | Ans- A Ref- Central serous chorioretinopathy is when fluid builds up under the retina. This can distort vision. The fluid leakage comes from a layer of tissue under the retina, called the choroid. There is another layer of cells called the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE). When the RPE doesn't work as it should, fluid ... | Unknown | null |
00cb04ae-97ba-4b21-bb5f-786ac9857b93 | Lens derives nutrition from | Vitreous | Aqueous | Optic aery | Ophthalmic aery | 1b | single | Lens being an avascular structure receives its nutrition from the aqueous like glucose salts, etc, by diffusion processRef: Parsons diseases of the eye; Under the heading lens | Physiology | Nervous system |
e52dcade-6f4e-4d8a-ad21-c15bdcf2acd3 | Halofantrine is used for - | Falciparum malaria | Visceral leishmaniasis | Leprosy | Amoebiasis | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Falciparum Malaria o It is mainly used for multidrug resistant falciparum malaria. | Pharmacology | null |
1ff76bee-8551-43b8-b596-3f84cf1e5cc4 | Hormones with increased production during the day and less in nights is/are: | ACTH. | Cortisol | Insulin | All of the above. | 3d | multi | null | Physiology | null |
1878b309-9716-427f-b311-f5e5d0ac034b | Propranolol can be used in all of the following conditions EXCEPT: | Thyrotoxicosis | Variant angina | Migraine | Hypertension | 1b | multi | null | Pharmacology | null |
29d47018-26d2-47e0-9d1e-1470d28ec9e4 | For which of the following enzymes, thiamine pyrophosphate (TPP) acts as Cofactor | Pyruvate Dehydrogenase | Alpha Ketoglutarate dehydrogenase | Branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase | All of the above | 3d | multi | null | Biochemistry | null |
504b69fd-13d3-4579-80a4-a6637e715040 | A 7 year old boy is referred to a specialty clinic because of digestive problems. He often experiences severe abdominal cramps after eating a high fat meal. He is worked up and diagnosed with a genetic defect resulting in a deficiency of lipoprotein lipase. Which of the following substances would most likely be elevate... | Albumin-bound free fatty acids | Chylomicrons | HDL | LDL | 1b | single | After eating a high fat meal, triglycerides are processed by the intestinal mucosal cells. They are assembled in chylomicrons and eventually sent into the circulation for delivery to adipocytes and other cells. Chylomicrons are too large to enter cells, but are degraded while in the circulation by lipoprotein lipase. A... | Biochemistry | null |
16b7dee9-fb45-4bd5-8bb7-c9af6089c51c | The fastest dental film currently available has the speed
rating of | "D" speed | "C" speed | "F" speed | "E" speed | 2c | single | null | Radiology | null |
97f216ae-84dc-4897-a3dc-8f4585a8e1cb | Tinel sign is indicative of | Axonal conduction | Diffuse axonal injury | Axon degeneration | Muscle ischaemia | 2c | single | Tinel's sign : It records regeneration of nerve by Tapping on the nerve course from distal to proximal direction, tingling sensation is felt at the sprouting nerve ends till the distal course of the nerve (law of Projection) | Physiology | null |
02eed3c7-c2dc-46b2-9039-6ac4456cb675 | A 7 year old female child is brought to you with features of precocious pubey. On examination she has features of virilisation and is hypeensive. Which of the following enzyme deficiency is responsible for her condition? | 21 - hydroxylase | 11 - hydroxylase | 17 - hydroxylase | 3b- hydroxy steroid dehydrogenase | 1b | single | The features of 11 - hydroxylase deficiency in a female are precocious pubey, hypeension, virilization etc. Also know: 1) Hypeension occurs in 17 - hydroxylase and 11 - hydroxylase deficiency 2) Male pseudohermaphroditism occurs in 17 - hydroxylase and 3b-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase deficiency 3) Female pseudohermaphr... | Physiology | null |
3f41c320-2535-4f7a-b0b5-42407e015b8c | A 2.5-week-old boy is brought to pediatrics emergency depament with projectile vomiting which is non-bilious. On physical examination, firm, olive like mass is noted in the epigastric region and USG revealed the following findings. The child underwent surgical management. On week later, the child presents again with lo... | Post-operative infection | Rotavirus | Dumping syndrome | Non resolution of the pre-op symptoms | 2c | single | The clinical symptoms, examination with USG findings of thickened pyloric muscle (>3mm) and elongated pyloric canal (>15mm) reveal the diagnosis as CHPS- congenital hyperophic pyloric stenosis. The management image represents surgical pyloromyotomy. Post surgical management - pyloric sphincter dysfunction leads to deli... | Unknown | Integrated QBank |
7f4e055e-a49f-45bc-81b4-adc0a9e45953 | Commonest site of meningocele is | Lumbosacral | Occipital | Frontal | Thoracic | 0a | single | • Herniation of meninges through a defect in the posterior vertebral arches.
• Spinal cord is usually normal and assumes a normal position in the spinal canal
• There may be tethering, syringomyelia, or diastematomyelia.
Clinical Features
• A fluctuant midline mass, that may transilluminate occurs along the vertebral c... | Surgery | null |
043dd197-d08f-410a-9e68-e643a52f8c0b | P. carini causes infection primarily in? | Rats | Guinea pig | Rabbits | Humans | 0a | single | Pneumocystis jirovecii causes infection Primarily in Rats. Pneumocystis jirovecii (previously P. carinii) is the causative organism of Pneumocystis pneumonia paicularly among immunocompromised hosts. P. jiroveci causes PCP in human with HIV if, their CD4+ cells count below 200/uL. | Microbiology | Mycology |
b4816029-73d3-4c73-af3a-df1cddbe4fa5 | An anganwadi worker is trained for - | 3 months | 4 months | 5 months | 6 months | 1b | single | -under ICDS Scheme, there is an anganwadi worker for a population of 400-800. - anganwadi worker is selected from the community itself - undergoes a training in various aspects of health, nutrition and child development for 4 months. Reference : Park's textbook of preventive and social medicine, 23rd edition, pg no:903... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Health education & planning |
0ef38e3e-5f3c-4479-b410-4dd92af8a7eb | Mycoplasmas differ from chlamydiae in that they are | Susceptible to penicillin | Able to grow on artificial cell-free media | Able to cause urinary tract infection | Able to stain well with Gram's stain | 1b | single | Mycoplasmas lack a rigid cell wall and are bound by a triple-layer unit membrane. For this reason, they are completely resistant to the action of penicillins. Unlike the chlamydiae, they can replicate in cell-free media. | Microbiology | Bacteria |
4f07ac95-23f6-422b-a9ce-6611c5175be9 | Pneumatoceles often develop in children after pneumonia due to the following organism | Klebsiella | Streptococcus | Staphylococcus aureus | Haemophilus influenzae | 2c | single | Radiological signs are extensive in a form of massive consolidation.E.coli,Klebsiella ,staphylococcus pneumonia have pneumatoceles. Ref : Essential pediatrics,O.P.Ghai,7 th edition,pgno:355 | Pediatrics | Respiratory system |
c65619f0-aeb3-46f1-8b3b-9671a864e084 | The following drug penetrates into caseous necrosis in TB- | INH | Rifampicin | Pyrazinamide | Streptomycin | 1b | single | Ans- B RIFAMPICIN: 1.most effective anti- tubercular drug 2.Most bactericidal antitubercular drug 3.Only bactericidal drug effective against persisters or dormant bacilli in solid caseous lesson 4.Acts on extracellular as well as intracellular organisms 5.Antitubercular drug causing rapid sputum conversion 6.Antituberc... | Unknown | null |
6d072e93-1c1d-4e18-8bae-9a2c9e9ca45a | Type I MEN involves all except- | Pancreas | Adrenal | Pituitary | Parathyroid | 1b | multi | MEN type 1 (MEN 1), which is also referred to as Wermer's syndrome, is characterized by the triad of tumors involving the parathyroids, pancreatic islets (gastrinomas, insulinomas, nonfunctioning and PPoma, glucagonoma, VIPoma) and anterior pituitary (prolactinoma, somatotrophinoma, coicotropinoma, nonfunctioning). Ref... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
fa57122c-520b-4f0b-b527-aba74c9f3cc8 | Ectopic tissue in stomach is of the origin of | Spleen | Pancreas | Liver | Kidney | 1b | single | Pancreatic tissue outside boundaries of the pancreas without anatomic or vascular connections to the pancreas, Also called ectopic pancreas. Ectopic pancreas can be found in submucosa of stomach, duodenum or small intestine, gallbladder, spleen Reference Bailey and love&;s edition 24 page no .1120 | Surgery | G.I.T |
abbea89c-f90f-4766-9fe2-a86f05ca5ffd | True statement about burn resuscitation - | Colloid preferred in initial 24 hrs | Colloid preferred if burnt area is > 15 % of total BSA | Half of the calculated fluid given in initial 8 brs. | Urine output should be maintained at 50-60 mL/hr. | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e.. Half of the calculated fluid given in initial 8 hrs. o Proper fluid management is critical to survival in a bum patient.o The hypovolemic shock in bum patient is special in the sense that the total body water remains unchanged in a burn patient. The thermal injury leads to a massive fluid shift from i... | Surgery | Initial Care of the Burn Patient |
36e3cace-10a3-4e77-9d66-76bc1423bd24 | Hypeension is seen with all except | Erythropoietin | Cyclosporine | NSAID | Levodopa | 3d | multi | levodopa Drug causing hypeension * Cocaine * MAO Inhibitors * Cyclosporine * Glucocoicoids * Oral contraceptives * Tricyclic antidepressants * NSAID, Rofecoxib * Sympathomimetics Ibuprofen, Naproxen * Clonidine withdrawl * Decongestants (pseuodephedrine) * Erytlu-opoietin Drugs causing hypotension * Theophylline * Aden... | Pharmacology | null |
62d267e2-0b0c-43ef-ae45-f18f67c06cb2 | Frequency distribution is studied by | Histogram | Line diagram | Pie diagram | Ski diagram | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Histogram | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
bf4e3d0f-cafb-4200-8921-beb13c9b3abe | All are features of psychosis except ? | Loss of insight | Presence of delusions | Preserved contact with reality | Personality disturbances | 2c | multi | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Preserved contact with reality Psychosis Psychosis is a mental state involving the loss of contact with reality, causing deterioration of normal social functioning. The characteristic features of psychosis are : - Gross impairment in reality testing, i.e., loss of contact with reality. Marked disturba... | Psychiatry | null |
a1307734-9b5e-4700-90d8-c6063fc1cdd4 | Most commonly injured tarsal bone ? | Talus | Navicular | Cunieform | Calcaneum | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Calcaneum Calcaneum is the most commonly fractured tarsal bone In 5-10% of cases fracture is bilateral Most common mechanism of injury is fall from height, often from a ladder, onto one or both heels. The calcaneum is driven up against the talus and is split or crushed. About one fifth of these patien... | Surgery | null |
ee1b31b7-e393-4807-890c-072f459f80e2 | Boxer's fracture is - | Radial styloid fracture | Reverse colle's fracture | 5 th metacarpal fracture | 1st metacarpal fracture | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., 5th metacarpal fracture EponymFractures of Upper limbMontegia fracture dislocationFracture of the proximal third of ulna with radial head dislocation.Galeazzi fracture dislocationFracture of the distal third of the radius with dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint.Colie's fractureFracture at cor... | Orthopaedics | Fractures of Metacarpals, Phalanges, Metacarpo-Phalangeal Joints |
88a1e801-313d-48c8-bdca-4451c6f3a9c2 | Drug of choice for treponema is: | Pencillin | Tetracycline | Azithromycin | Doxycycline | 0a | single | Pencillin | Pharmacology | null |
7bbb8f08-2700-4820-94bd-b52d4bf160db | Sensations of spinothalamic tract are: | Pain, temperature & undifferentiated touch | Static proprioception | Temperature only | Proprioception | 0a | single | Ans: a (Pain, temperature & undifferentiated touch)Ref: Ganong, 22nd ed Pg.141Dorsal column transmits:Anterior spinothalamic tract transmits:Fine touchCrude touchVibrationPressureJoint position sense Lateral spinothalamic tract transmits:Cortical sensations:PainTactile localisationTemperatureTwo point discriminationSte... | Physiology | Nervous System |
9e28d7df-c3b9-479b-874a-b7cef9fa1f91 | Which of the following causes opening of eustachian tube | Salpingopharyngeus | Levator veli palatine | Tensor veli palatine | None of the above | 2c | multi | The medial fibres of tensor veli palatine are attached to the lateral lamina of the tube and when they contract they help to open the tube lumen. These fibres also called dilator tube muscles. Reference: Dhingra 6th edition. | ENT | Ear |
de00ead6-545f-4c86-9b69-97d33f48c9e7 | A young lady presented with white lacy lesions in oral cavity and her proximal nail fold has extended onto the nail bed. What is the likely diagnosis – | Psoriasis | Geographic tongue | Lichen planus | Candidiasis | 2c | single | Presence of white lacy lesions in the oral cavity and proximal nail fold prolonged on to nail bed (pterygium) suggest the diagnosis of lichen planus. | Dental | null |
968ccd8d-248b-4f2f-b245-fb597e165def | Postmoem rigidity FIRST stas in which of the following organs? | Eyelids | Neck | Upper limbs | Lower limbs | 0a | single | Postmoem rigidity is first apparent in the smaller muscles eg eyelids and jaw, and then it becomes evident in the remainder. Typically it is seen first in the face, then it progresses to shoulders and and finally in the large muscle groups of the limbs (Nysten's rule). In the initial 30 minutes after death there is no ... | Forensic Medicine | null |
80f17643-941f-4fd4-aa78-14f8084cf1fc | Budd Chiari syndrome is due to thrombosis of - | Infra renal IVC | Renal part of IVC | Superior mesentric vein thrombosis | Hepatic veins | 3d | single | null | Surgery | null |
c804ecaf-25a9-433c-bfcf-be3d596c2d4a | What is the GFR (mL/min per 1.73m2) of a patient who is in G4 category of chronic kidney disease | 60-89 | 30 - 59 | 15 - 29 | < 15 | 2c | single | Reference: Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine; 20th edition; Chapter 335 Chronic Kidney Disease , pg 2112 | Medicine | C.V.S |
fdcb8163-fd65-40a7-b2e7-f3017e189ac2 | Which of the following is the least common cause of ambiguous genitalia in a female child – | Fetal placental steroid sulfatase deficiency | Fetal placental aromatase deficiency | Congenital adrenal hyperplasia | WNT–4 gene mutation | 0a | single | Placental steroid sufatase deficiency is an X-linked disorder (affects only males) that does not lead to ambiguous genitalia in a female child.
'Placental steroid suflatase deficiency is a rare X-linked disorder and all affected fetuses are males' William's 22nd/81
Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is the most common caus... | Pediatrics | null |
81ae860a-0f78-4870-b8b9-5f54a533b966 | Molar pregnancy can be best diagnosed by | Clinical history & examination | Ultrasound study | Laproscopy | CT Scan | 1b | single | USG is the investigation of choice for molar pregnancies. | Radiology | null |
792fe63e-edec-4623-a6dc-4ca14796de86 | Minimum time of diagnosis for manic illness: DNB 10; AIIMS 14 | 1 week | 1 month | 1 year | 2 years | 0a | single | Ans. 1 week | Forensic Medicine | null |
d2f83333-6750-429e-9c39-49d49d15f791 | All of the following metabolic process occur in the mitochondria, EXCEPT: | Urea cycle | TCA cycle | Beta oxidation of fatty acids | Fatty acid synthesis | 3d | multi | Fatty acid and triacylglycerol synthesis occur in the cytoplasm, but its precursor acetyl CoA is formed in the mitochondrial matrix. Beta oxidation of fatty acid occur in the matrix of the mitochondrion. Beta oxidation begins as soon as fatty acyl CoA appear in the matrix using repeated cycle of 4 steps. With each step... | Biochemistry | null |
16a22945-f67c-4a21-a166-79f922d56219 | All of the following are features of flat type of pelvis except: (Repeat) | Narrow subpubic angle | Short concave sacrum | Divergent side walls | Wide sciatic notch | 0a | multi | Ans: A (Narrow subpubic angle) Ref : Grays Anatomy 40th Ed pg.1329Explanation:All pelvic measurements display individual variation and the values quoted are means from limited surveys.Sexual and racial differences also occur.Many attempts to classify human pelves, especially female.The four most common terms used today... | Anatomy | Misc. |
62075103-dca3-4de1-8bec-cd92b9c5b3b7 | Most common site of genital tuberculosis is : | Abdomen | Pulmonary | Fallopian tubes | Ovary | 2c | multi | Fallopian tubes | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
28f0d37e-ceae-419c-86fb-ad57af6abb6e | All are the methods of Aerial blood pressure monitoring except | Capnography | Radial aery cannulation | Oscillometry | Aerial Tonometry | 0a | multi | Cardiovascular monitoring Noninvasive Aerial Blood Pressure monitoring methods : Palpation Doppler Auscultation Oscillometry Aerial Tonometry Invasive Aerial Blood Pressure monitoring method Aerial cannulation ( eg : radial, ulnar, femoral ,etc) Pulmonary aery catheterization Central venous catheterization Cardiac outp... | Anaesthesia | Monitoring in Anesthesia |
b862db84-7194-47d1-b313-574c620b216e | Coccobacillus grown in BYCE medium is | Legionella | Streptobacillus | Gardenella | Neisseria | 0a | single | Coccobacllus which have fatidious requirements and grow on complex media such as buffered charcoal,yeast extract (BYCE) agar,with L_cysteine and antibiotic supplements with 5%CO2 at PH_6.9, temperature 35degC and 90% humidity is legionella. Ref: anantnarayan and panikers 10 th edition | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
47761127-3ba6-4f47-b49b-dc4fa6481606 | Fructose absence in semen analysis suggests: | Bilateral vas deferens obstruction | Seminal vesicles agenesis | Testicular failure | Prostatic urethral obstruction | 1b | single | Abnormalities Low ejaculate volume may indicate: Retrograde ejaculation Ejaculatory duct obstruction Incomplete collection Androgen deficiency Azoospermia: Testicular failure Obstruction of vas deferens Absence of fructose: Seminal vesicle agenesis or obstruction | Surgery | Prostate and seminal vesicles |
b1c4bff6-5bc6-4606-8bc2-3775c1929959 | Oschner Sherren regimen is for | Appendicular abscess | Appendicular mass | Acute appendicitis | Appendicular mucocele | 1b | single | Ans. b (Appendicular mass). (Ref. Bailey & Love, 25th ed., 1215)APPENDICULAR MASS# Following an attack of acute appendicitis infection is sealed off by greater omentum, caecum, terminal ileum, etc resulting in a tender, soft to firm appendicular mass.# Presence of appendicular mass is a contraindication for appendicect... | Surgery | Vermiform Appendix |
b0533019-b11a-49e5-b43b-bbc96dc23fb9 | An old woman, Nanda suffered stroke for which she was given alteplase. She improved considerably. To prevent the recurrence of stroke, this patient is most likely to be treated indefinitely with : | Aspirin | Warfarin | Urokinase | Enoxaparin | 0a | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
f3598aa2-94b1-4f48-a9fa-f6e0fd87c3e7 | A 35-year-old mother of two children is suffering from amenorrhea from last 12 month. She has a history of failure of lactation following second delivery but remained asymptomatic thereafter. Skull X-ray shows empty sella diagnosis is: | Menopause | Pituitary tumor | Sheehan's syndrome | Intraductal papilloma of breast | 2c | single | Ans. is c, i.e. Sheehan's syndromeRef: Williams Gynae 1st/ed, p374; Leon Speroff 7th/ed, p438; Jeffcoate 7th/ed, p582-583Here before arriving to any diagnosis lets first see the causes of:Empty Sella:* Congenital incompleteness of the sellar diaphragm.* Secondary to surgery/radiotherapy or infarction of pituitary tumor... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Disorders in Menstruation |
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