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135
8875236e-990b-448a-9152-c0b3e2e574c9
Name the dotted line being drawn:
Transpyloric Plane
Transcostal Plane
Subcostal Plane
Transpectoral Plane
0a
single
The subcostal plane is a transverse plane which bisects the body at the level of the 10th costal margin and the veebra body L3. The transpyloric plane, also known as Addison's plane, Imaginary horizontal plane, located halfway between the suprasternal notch of the manubrium and the upper border of the symphysis pubis a...
Anatomy
Upper limb : Miscellaneous
11e33821-8275-437f-8f11-a8ddcd95e3e8
Oxygen affinity increases with
Carbon monoxide
Acidosis
Hypoxia
Anemia
0a
single
Oxygen affinity increases with left shift of O2-Hb dissociation curve. It is seen in fetal hemoglobin and carbon monoxide.Oxygen affinity decreases with right shift of O2-Hb dissociation curve. It is seen in hypoxia, high altitude, anemia, acidosis, and exercise.Ref: Medical physiology for UG students, Indu Khurana, pa...
Physiology
Respiratory system
9d6a22c4-9b96-48d8-a24b-3769f182411a
A 36-year-old man from sub-Saharan Africa presents to the clinic with jaundice and right upper quadrant pain. On examination, the liver is palpably enlarged. Laboratory studies demonstrate an increase in liver enzymes. Computed tomography demonstrates a single large mass in the right lobe of the liver, and serum a-feto...
Aflatoxin B1
C. Sinensis
Hepatitis A
Polyvinyl chloride
0a
single
Aflatoxin B1 Fungal metabolite found on moldy nuts and grain Co-carcinogen with hepatitis B, Increase the incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma -C. sinensis is a parasite associated with cholangiocarcinoma. -Hepatitis A has no association with malignancy. -Polyvinyl chloride is associated with Angiosarcoma of the liver...
Pathology
Miscellaneous
1e8d72af-2ec4-4f49-9a81-be00895ff557
Cutis anserina is a postmoem finding seen in :
Drowning
Suffocation
Lust murder
Electrocution
0a
single
Cutis anserina and postmoem lividity are two postmoem skin findings of drowning. Cutis anserina or goose skin appearance occur due to rigor mois of erector pilorum muscles of hair follicles in the skin and subcutaneous tissues. Postmoem lividity: It refers to the lividity which is seen in the dependent pas of the body....
Forensic Medicine
null
9df812ce-2d74-402c-a9dc-e8374d29b5d5
Third window effect is seen in
Perforated tympanum
Dehiscent superior semicircular canal
Round window
Oval window
1b
single
Ans. b. Dehiscent superior semicircular canal Dehiscence of bone overlying the superior semicircular canal can cause a constellation of vestibular and auditory symptoms and signs. These abnormalities can be understood in terms of the effect of the dehiscence in creating a third mobile window into the inner ear.
ENT
null
9c95067a-7e0f-40f4-9c7b-8feb5db0706d
All of the following are done in case of VVF except
Methylene blue 3 swab test
Urine culture
Cystoscopy
MRI
3d
multi
Ans. is d. i.e. MRIRef: Shaw 16th/ed, p221 & 222The Investigation done in VVF are:* Urine culture* USG* IVP* Cystoscopy* Methylene blue 3 swab test
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Urinary Fistulas
6132ec2c-f393-434d-a052-37ced1dbbcb2
Regarding yaws, all are true except:
Caused by T. pertenue
Sexually transmitted
Cross reactive antibodies with syphilis
Drug of choice is penicillin
1b
multi
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Sexually transmitted(Ref: Anathnarayan, 9th/e, p. 370, 377 and 8th/e, p. 377; Harrison, 19th/e, p. 1132)Penicillin is the drug of choice for all treponematosis.Non Venereal Treponemes* Mode of transmission - Direct contact not sexual.* Endemic syphilis (Bejel) - Caused by T. pallidum subsp. endemicum....
Microbiology
Bacteria
0261df1b-2fea-4392-9f81-c02726aa5f13
HPV oncogene expression is
E1E2
E1E3
E3E5
E6E7
3d
single
The oncogenic potential of HPV can be related to production of two early viral genes E6&E7 Together they interact with variety of growth regulating proteins encoded by protooncogene and tumour suppressor genes E6- binds to and mediate the degradation of p53 E7-binds to Rb protein and release E2F transcription factor,al...
Pathology
Cardiovascular system
e5b5ddbc-9811-4e52-9b2d-3f54bd642564
Adamantinoma usually arise from?
Dental lamina
Endodermal tissue
Periapical tissue
Odotogenic tissue
3d
multi
ANSWER: (D) Odotogenic tissueREF: With textAmeloblastoma (adamantinoma): It is a locally aggressive tumour that arises from the odontogenic tissue and invades the maxillary sinus. Treatment is surgical excision. (Ref: Dhingra 4th ed page 195)Ameloblastoma, which arises from odontogenic epithelium and shows no ectomesen...
Pathology
Head & Neck
98cc367d-4d98-4a25-a6af-52c38ca83e32
Malignant otitis externa is caused by ?
S. aureus
S. albus
P. aeruginosa
E. coli
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., P. aeruginosa Malignant otitis externa Malignant otitis externa, also called necrotizing external otitis, is a misnomer as it is not a neoplastic condition, rather it is an infectious condition. Malignant otitis externa is a disorder involving inflammation and damage of the bones and cailage at the ba...
ENT
null
85f52a3b-e34a-4204-a257-5ae73bd78d29
All of the following are true regarding tetralogy of Fallot except:
Ejection systolic murmur in second intercostal space
Single second heart sound
Predominantly left to right shunt
Normal jugular venous pressure
2c
multi
c. Predominantly left to right shunt(Ref: Nelson's 20/e p 2211-2217, Ghai 8/e p 420-423)Right to left shunt is seen in ToF i.e. blood going from the pulmonary circulation to the systemic circulation Physical examination in a case of TOF shows: Cyanosis and clubbing, Normal jugular venous pulse (as there is no heart fai...
Pediatrics
C.V.S.
64f5e31e-cebb-43ec-ae18-52981bada564
Not an indication for tooth grinding:
Wear facets
TMJ pain
Crepitus
Cemental wear
0a
single
null
Dental
null
3cce7ef2-f678-4a29-ab92-ce148def58b6
Both OX 2 and OX 19 are seen as positive test in case of:
Scrub typhus
RMSF(Rocky mountain spotted fever)
Epidemic typhus
Scrub typhus
1b
multi
RMSF(Rocky mountain spotted fever)
Microbiology
null
083cf0ec-4a9d-46d6-8530-c763a541ce35
Most common foreign body to cause penetrating injury to ciliary body
Ball
Hammer and chisel
Gun bullet
Vegetative material
1b
multi
Ans. (b) Hammer and chisel Ref: A.K. Khurana 6th ed. /163, 437
Ophthalmology
Symptomatic Conditions
21dfb65d-5824-4add-bfa8-c1145764f16a
True about Mallory Weiss tear
Hamman mediastinum
Esophagus perforates at all layers
Auscultation - Crunching sound
Symptoms improves after conservative Mx
3d
multi
MALLORY WEISS SYNDROME is seen in adults with severe prolonged vomiting, causing a longitudinal tear in the mucosa of the stomach at and just below the cardia, leading to severe haematemesis.Violent vomiting often may be due to a migraine or veigo or following a bout of alcohol.* Presents with severe vomiting and later...
Surgery
G.I.T
8980d523-e6f2-466e-9c57-04ffdb044b98
Esmolol is a sho acting b blocker because
It has more plasma protein binding
Its plasma hydrolysis by esterases is rapid
It has high lipid solubility
It has high oral bioavailability
1b
single
* Esmolol - Shoest acting b blocker * Nadolol - Longest acting b blocker * Esmolol is metabolized by pseudocholinesterase hence it is sho acting. * Drugs metabolized by pseudocholinesterase SUCCINYLCHOLINE ESMOLOL REMIFENTANIL
Pharmacology
Sympathetic System
cbb05ae0-46b0-4a8e-a608-1c1229088bf4
Nonavalent HPV vaccine consists of
HPV (6,11,16,18,32,34,45,52 and 58)
HPV (6,11,16,18,31,33,45,52 and 58)
HPV(6,11,16,18,31,33,46,53 AND 59)
HPV(6,11,16,18,31,33,46,52 AND 58)
1b
single
Nonavalent HPV is 6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58 Bivalent HPV is (HPV 16 and 18) Quadrivalent HPV vaccine is (HPV 6, 11, 16 and 18)
Microbiology
null
411ebe63-29ec-458b-8936-a002f6aaf0f3
Patients undergoing splenectomy require following vaccinations except
Pneumococcus
Gonococcus
Haemophilus
Influenza
3d
multi
Postsplenectomy septicaemia may result from Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitides, Haemophilus influenzae and Escherichia coli. (Oppounist post-splenectomy infection (OPSI))If elective splenectomy is planned, consideration should be given to vaccinating against pneumococcus, meningococcus C (both repeated ev...
Surgery
General surgery
41eafb0d-e3f2-4276-9d19-3c34890843a6
Enzyme used in PCR is
Reverse transcriptase
Taq polymerase
RNA polymerase
None
1b
multi
In step 3 i.e polymerization : New DNA strands are synthesized by Taq polymerase. This enzyme is derived from bacteria Thermus acquaticus that are found in hot springs.Therefore the enzyme is not denatured at high temperature. REFERENCE : DM.VASUDEVAN.TEXTBOOK; SEVENTH EDITION; PAGE NO :638.
Biochemistry
Metabolism of nucleic acids
d36a363f-495b-42c2-8833-caec480daa7f
Glucose is transpoed in pancreas through which receptor?
GLUT 1
GLUT 2
GLUT 3
GLUT 4
1b
single
The transcellular movement of glucose, in this case, involves one additional component: a unipo (Figure 40-19) that allows the glucose accumulated within the cell to move across the basolateral membrane and involves a glucose unipoer (GLUT2).Glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue is controlled by insulin, which ...
Biochemistry
Metabolism of carbohydrate
eeea9914-9e20-4ac3-89ce-18acee412b5e
A female with depression is resistant to antidepressants. Cognitive therapy for depression was developed by:
Ellis
Beck
Godfrey
Meicheinbanon
1b
single
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), a structured psychotherapeutic strategy, is an effective alternative to pharmacotherapy in the initial treatment of depression, developed by American psychiatrist Aaron T. Beck. Ref: Josephson S.A. . "Cognitive Behavioral Therapy an Effective Adjunct to Medications in Treatment-Resis...
Psychiatry
null
f7f2ddaf-0847-443c-baed-f8197ebc1448
Which is NOT a clinical feature of Addison's disease:March 2004
Hypoglycemia
Hyponatremia
Hypopigmentation
Hyperkalemia
2c
single
Ans. C i.e. HypopigmentationHyperpigmentation is a feature of Addison's disease, paicularly of sun-exposed areas and at pressure points, such as the neck, knees and knuckles.
Pathology
null
a401e546-314e-49b3-99ab-d5d95d6dc941
Which one of the following is not included as major criteria in Jones criteria?
Pancarditis
Ahritis
Subcutaneous nodules
Elevated ESR
3d
single
Rheumatic fever is characterized by a constellation of findings out of which major criteria of Jones include: (1) migratory polyahritis of the large joints, (2) pancarditis, (3) subcutaneous nodules, (4) erythema marginatum of the skin, and (5) Sydenham chorea, a neurologic disorder with involuntary rapid, purposeless ...
Pathology
Rheumatic Fever
298e0e77-d018-499a-87a0-d42e76b75393
Absolute contraindication of conservative breast cancer therapy is
Large pendulous breast
History of previous radiation
Axillary node involvement
Subareolar lump present
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e. History of previous radiation Conservative breast cancer management: Absolute Contraindications Pregnancy is an absolute contraindication to the use of breast irradiation. However, in many cases, it may be possible to perform breast-conserving surgery in the third trimester and treat the patient with i...
Surgery
null
1f77cf49-7120-45b1-a4aa-027b7127ba35
Deep inguinal ring is the defect in:
External oblique
Transverse abdominis
Internal oblique
Fascia transversalis
3d
single
Ans. d (Fascia transversalis). (Ref. BD Chaurasia, Anatomy 2nd vol., 3rd ed., 61, 177)Surgical anatomy of Inguinal region:AreaAnatomySuperficial inguinal ring# It is a triangular aperture in the aponeurosis of the external oblique and lies 1.25 cm above the pubic tubercle.# The ring is bounded by a superomedial and an ...
Anatomy
Abdominal Wall
350dc03a-647c-4b59-a23a-aa89c14a8544
Inverse agonist of the benzodiazepine receptor is:
Phenobarbitone.
Flumazenil.
Beta carboline.
Gabapentin.
2c
single
null
Pharmacology
null
a7918b0f-1aaf-4dc6-8013-ade95655099a
Dissociative conversion disorder was previously described as -
Hysteria
Dementia precox
Melancholia
Hypochondriasis
0a
single
The term "hysteria" which was once prevalent is no more in use. Instead, these disorders are now called dissociation or conversion disorders.
Psychiatry
null
95948772-c031-45cf-9daf-5c6d22d8b9f6
All are true about trigone of bladder except ?
Mucosa is loosely attached to the underlying musculature
Mucosa is smooth
Lined by transitional epithelium
Derived from absorbed pa of the mesonephric duct
0a
multi
The wall of the urinary bladder consists of an outer serous layer, a thick coat of smooth muscle and a mucous membrane.The mucous membrane is lined by transitional epithelium.The trigone is a smooth triangular region of the internal urinary bladder formed by the two ureteral orifices and the internal urethral orifice.H...
Anatomy
null
0afe0837-cf19-43bc-8175-2ea2d9202a6b
Most reliable method of identification is:
Gustafson method
Galton method
Anthropometry
Scars
1b
single
Ans. (B). Galton methodFingerprinting is the most specificQ method of identification.Gabon's system describes about fingerprinting.
Forensic Medicine
Identification - Medicolegal aspects
36dfbd67-33ae-40bd-b8fc-3f54f19b7cfe
Regarding lung volumes, which of the following is true: March 2009
Functional residual capacity accounts for 75% of total lung capacity
Residual volume keeps alveoli inflated between breaths
Vital capacity increases in elderly
Residual volume is about 500 ml
1b
multi
Ans. B: Residual volume keeps alveoli inflated between breaths The amount of air that moves into the lungs with each inspiration (or the amount that moves out with each expiration) is called the tidal volume (500 ml). The air inspired with a maximal inspiratory effo in excess of the tidal volume is the inspiratory rese...
Physiology
null
fe099bed-65de-4b07-94e9-8bc1c0dfcccd
Which of the following muscle is not supplied by recurrent laryngeal nerve
Post cricoarytenoid
Thyroarytenoid
Lateral cricoarytenoid
Cricothyroid
3d
single
All the muscles which move the vocal cord ( abductors, adductors or tensors) are supplied by the recurrent laryngeal nerve except for the cricothyroid muscle. The latter receives its innervation from the external laryngeal nerve which is a branch of superior laryngeal nerve. Ref: PL Dhingra Textbook of Ear, Nose and Th...
ENT
Larynx
4f819fd1-df1f-4497-bba1-9c5462e20918
All are true regarding sarcoma botryoides except:a) Seen in vaginab) Grape like clusters are seenc) Seen in elderly womend) It is an adenocarcinomae) Familial incidence is common
abd
acd
cde
ade
2c
multi
null
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
81195d73-2213-4346-8d88-c909956d7473
Drug of Choice for hypehyroidism in pregnancy:
Methimazole
Carbimazole
Propylthiouracil
I-131
2c
single
In a case of thyrotoxicosis during pregnancy, lodine-131 is contraindicated. Propylthiouracil is the drug of choice for thyrotoxicosis in pregnancy. It is highly protein bound and therefore less amount of drug is transferred across placenta and in milk. With carbimazole and methimazole there is risk of fetal hypothyroi...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
Medical Illness Complicating Pregnancy
1a0ca13e-47fb-4e6b-adad-81aa4ea32799
Lateral pressure theory for tongue thrust habit was given by:
Finn
Bridgeman
Benjamin
Pinkham
1b
single
Bridgeman put forward the lateral pressure theory for tongue thrust habit in 1859.
Dental
null
c088fbf4-f74b-405c-9f75-06120a90ff1a
Profuse watery diarrhoea in an immune compromised child is due to
Cryptococcus
Amoeba
Giardia
Lactose intolerance
2c
single
Giardiasis caused by Giardia lamblia is a major cause of diarrhoea in children and travellers. Individuals with malnutrition,humoral immunodefeciencies,and cystic fibrosis are particularly susceptible. Features: acute diarrhoea with sudden onset of explosive, watery foul smelling stools, along with nausea and anorexia,...
Pediatrics
null
627758e3-aa4e-4c9e-9cec-956ba90a9991
The MOST common site of Tuberculosis in female genital tract is?
Cervix
Endometrium
Ovaries
Fallopian tubes
3d
multi
The fallopian tube is the most frequently involved pa of the genital tract in tuberculosis. Also Know: A young girl with pubeal menorrhagia should be investigated for genital tuberculosis if she fails to respond to standard hormonal therapy. Ref: Shaw's Textbook of Gynaecology, 13th Ed, page 147; 14th Ed, page 137.
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
4f2244dd-a0d6-4a1c-9d71-716f739eaf89
Which chemical mediator is an arachidonic acid metabolite produced by cyclo oxygenase pathway
LXA4
LXB4
5HETE
PGH 2
3d
single
ref Robbins 9/e p84 Prostaglandin H2 is a type of prostaglandin and a precursor for many other biologically significant molecules. It is synthesized from arachidonic acid in a reaction catalyzed by a cyclooxygenase enzyme It is acted upon by: Prostacyclin synthase to create prostacyclin Thromboxane-A synthase to create...
Anatomy
General anatomy
05e18f9b-db2e-4fcf-9141-a142dbfa02c5
62 year old Male patient presents to the OPD with Right ear pain and reduced hearing. On examination EAC is blocked and shows wet news paper appearance. which organism is causing this Otomycosis
Aspergillus fumigatus
Aspergillus Niger
Candida
Tinea
1b
single
M/C Organism causing Otomycosis is Aspergillus Niger, has wet news paper appearance. Candida shows cotton wool appearance.
ENT
null
c05e0735-fc9d-4460-b6ca-26c0670a90eb
A 45-year-old woman has a severe asthmatic exacerbation and requires an aerial blood gas specimen for management. If you are planning to draw the sample from the brachial aery, where should you inse the needle
In the lateral aspect of the arm, between the biceps and triceps brachii muscles
Just lateral to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa
Just medial to the biceps tendon in the cubital fossa
Just medial to the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis muscle at the wrist
2c
single
The brachial aery lies superficial and just medial to the tendon of the biceps brachii in the cubital fossa. The contents of the cubital fossa from medial to lateral are: the median nerve, the brachial aery and the tendon of biceps brachii. Note: * The brachial aery lies deep to the bicipital aponeurosis. It usually di...
Anatomy
General anatomy
5676d241-e93d-4916-ba3b-af3ed1bdffa0
A 64-year-old woman is admitted to the ICU with the clinical diagnosis of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) secondary to pneumonia. She requires intubation and mechanical ventilation. On the second ICU day, she is difficult to ventilate, requiring increased airway pressures. On physical examination, vital sign...
Place a chest tube
Change antibiotics
Perform an open thoracotomy
Continue management, minimizing volutrauma
3d
multi
This poable chest x-ray taken in the ICU shows an intubated patient with hyperlucent lines in the soft tissue with striations along the fibromuscular bundles of the neck and chest musculature. There is a faint paracardiac hyperlucent line representing air around the pericardium. The diaphragm leaflets are seen clearly ...
Radiology
Fundamentals in Radiology
73c7c1b4-1696-4636-9a52-9e29221c2289
Stage I seminoma testis, t/t of choice is
high inguinal orchidectomy
high inguinal orchidectomy & radiotherapy
radiotherapy and chemotherapy
trans-scrotal orchidectomy
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e. high inguinal orchidectomy & radiotherapy Testicular Cancer - is mainly of two types - Germ cell tumors (GCT) 95% - Non germinal neoplasms -- 5% (includes leydig cells, seoli cells, gonadoblastoma) Germ cell tumors are of 2 types Seminomas (More common, better prognosis) Nonseminomas i.e. - Embryonal C...
Surgery
null
0315b260-b8b2-425c-95dc-7f7ea2bdaf5a
A child is presenting with erythmatous follicular papules on trunk. There are areas of normal skin within the lesions. There is thickening of Palms & soles. This child is suffering from -
Pityriasis rosea
Pityriasis rubra pilaris
Psoriasis
Seborrheic dermatitis
1b
single
Pityriaisis rubra pilaris is a rare chronic papulosquamous disorder characterised by 1. reddish orange scaly plaques 2.palmoplantar keratoderma 3.keratotic follicular papules etiology: unknown.sometimes autosomal dominantly in herited, hypovitaminosis A, HIV, hypogammaglobulinemia, staphlococcus are the predisposing fa...
Dental
Papulosquamous disorders
aaeb6d26-5f23-44a4-83da-6a7aa350da50
Long acting glucocorticoid is -
Dexamethasone
Triamcenolone
Prednisolone
Hydrocortisone
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Dexamethasone Relative activity of systemic corticosteroids CompoundGlucoMineraloEquiv, dose (antiinflammatory)Short acting, (Biological t 1/2 < 32 hr)1. Hydrocortisone (cortisol)1120 mgIntermediate acting, (Biologiat t 1/2 12-36 hr)2. Prednisolone3. Methylprednisolone4. Triamcinolone4550[?]80[?]505 m...
Pharmacology
Endocrinology
c6290e7d-f07e-4b04-b39d-7ea87ef62bb0
Swarming growth on culture is characteristic of which Gram-negative organism
Clostridium welchii
Clostridium tetani
Bacillus cereus
Proteus mirabilis
3d
single
1. Swarming - Proteus has an ability to swarm (or spread) on solid media. They spread on the surface of the plate in successive waves to form a thin filmy layer in concentric circles. This is known as swarming. 2. Organism which swarm: Proteus, Clostridium tetani, V. parahemolyticus, and Serratia. Clostridium welchii -...
Microbiology
General Microbiology Pa 1 (History, Microscopy, Stains and Structure and Physiology of Bacteria)
8891bb74-6edf-43dc-9e21-6ad598fe964a
A 15 year old boy complains of jerky movements which gets precipitated during awakening in the morning. There is no history of loss of conciousness. EEG showed 4-6 / second spike and wave pattern. What is the child suffering from
Lennox Gestaut syndrome
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy
Rolandic epilepsy
West syndrome
1b
single
Juvenile Myoclonic Epilepsy Seen in adolescence age group Myoclonic jerks seen in morning EEG: 4-6 / seconds spike and wave pattern.
Pediatrics
null
bd2080e7-ab89-41d4-a6d8-3eb214c64f20
CSF findings in a patient with tubercular meningitis: March 2012
Raised protein, normal glucose, increased WBC
Raised protein, normal glucose, increased lymphocytes
Raised protein, decreased glucose, increased lymphocytes
Raised protein, decreased glucose, increased neutrophils
2c
single
Ans: C i.e. Raised protein, decreased glucose, increased lymphocytes Conditions and CSF findings Subarachnoid hemorrhage presents with normal/slightly raised WBC, normal glucose and raised protein Viral meningitis presents with 10-2000 lymphocytes (normal 0-4 X 106/L), normal glucose and normal/increased protein Tuberc...
Medicine
null
139b754d-2485-41e5-a43b-046e79438f79
Maximum refraction takes place between?
Air tear film
Tear film and cornea
Cornea and aqueous
Aqueous lens
1b
single
Tear film and cornea REF: khurana 4th ed page 26 "Maximum refraction in eye takes place between tear film and cornea"
Ophthalmology
null
25225f9b-a396-462b-a016-b49abdb97762
The syndrome of inappropriate ADH secretion is characterized by the following:
Hyponatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 mEq/L
Hypernatremia and urine sodium excretion > 20 mEq/L
Hyponatremia and hyperkalemia
Hypernatremia and hyperkalemia
0a
single
In SIADH, the excessive retention of water expands extracellular and intracellular volume. This explains Dilutional Hyponatremia. Since the urine is concentrated hence urine sodium mEq/unit of time can be explained. Another plausible explanation is that expanded volume leads to release of ANF and resultant natriuresis ...
Medicine
Disorders of pituitary gland
1c3f1734-4e3f-4900-b141-967ce4a3c04b
Epidemics of conjunctivitis are known to occur with:
Bacterial infections
Viral infections
None of the above
Both of the above
3d
multi
Ans. Both of the above
Ophthalmology
null
b1eb7dca-e9db-4744-9dc9-f5062645f455
Carha's notch in audiometery is seen in:
Ocular discontinuity
Haemotympanum
Otomycosis
Otosclerosis
3d
single
Carhas notchBone conduction is normal in otosclerosis.In some cases there is a dip in bone conduction curve which is maximum at 2000 Hz / 2 KHZ called as Carhas notch.Carhas notch is seen only in bone conduction curve.It disappears after successful stapedectomy/stapedotomy. The reason why it disappears after successful...
ENT
null
2959ce58-7385-41fb-964b-e73393f0b7a6
Ophthalmia nodosa occurs due to:
Leprotic conjunctivitis
Syphilitic conjunctivitis
Sarcoidosis conjunctivitis
Irritation by hair of caterpillar
3d
single
Ans. Irritation by hair of caterpillar
Ophthalmology
null
57fc73bd-5cfe-4013-afd9-bb86b3c80b6f
A 35 year old female patient, Radha, having children aged 5 and 6 years has history of amenorrhea and galactorrhea. Blood examination reveals increased prolactin. The CT of the head is likely to reveal:
Pituitary adenoma
Craniopharyngioma
Sheehan's syndrome
Pinealoma
0a
single
Patient with amenorrhea, galactorrhea and increased prolactin level give the diagnosis of prolactinoma which is the most common pituitary adenoma. Ref: Current Obs and Gynae Diagnosis and Treatment, 9th Edition, Page 152 ; Harrison's Principles of Internal Medicine, 14th Edition, Page 1989 and 17th Edition, Pages 2200,...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
2e71ccfe-35d3-4649-85f1-5eca337047ae
Deficiency of GpIIb-IIIa results in which of the following condition?
Glanzmann thrombasthenia
Wiskot Aldrich syndrome
Bernard Soulier syndrome
None of the above
0a
multi
Platelet activation by ADP triggers a conformational change in the platelet GpIIb-IIIa receptors that induces binding to fibrinogen, a large protein that forms bridging interactions between platelets that promote platelet aggregation. Predictably, inherited deficiency of GpIIb-IIIa results in a bleeding disorder (Glanz...
Pathology
null
c75147a4-25eb-4f14-ac92-ba8d654ea2d2
What is the minimum recommended consumption level of PUFA by the WHO/ FAO expe group on diet, nutrition and prevention of chronic diseases?
5%
6%
8%
10%
1b
single
As per the WHO/ FAO expe group recommendation, the following ranges have been decided: Total fat in diet: 15-30% Saturated fatty acids< 10% PUFAs 6-10% O-3 fatty acids: 1-2% O-6 fatty acids: 5-8% Trans fatty acids < 1% Ref: Park, 21st Edition, Page 565.
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
5945a759-c961-49ab-8a95-0f1ef53c3f14
"Sundowning" is seen in :
Night blindness
Parkinsonism
Delirium
Solar urticaria
2c
single
Sundowning is seen in cases of Delirium as worsening of symptons occur in the evening.
Psychiatry
null
976c93c2-7f6d-4d22-adf9-f63686dff1bb
If a parenteral needle stick injury/ occurs in a Health Care Worker dealing with AIDS patient; which of the following are necessary?
Serial serological testing of the source person
Serial serological testing of the healthcare worker
Zidovudine (AZT) prophylaxis to health care worker
Wash the part with soap and water
2c
single
(C) Zidovudine (AZT) prophylaxis to health care worker # Treatment of Needle stick injury of a health care worker: Immediately clean the contaminated area by washing under running water# Post exposure prophylaxis should be started within 1 hour of injury Zidovudine 250 mg BD- for 1 month Lamivudine 150 mg BD-- Indinavi...
Surgery
Miscellaneous
419398f2-e09d-4255-9baa-dc6c91ce22df
ACTH secretion is highest during -
Noon
Evening
Morning
Night
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Morning o Coisol levels in blood are normally elevated at 8.00 AM and decrease to less than 50% by midnight.
Pediatrics
null
1140f8ca-3b4d-40b0-b4c4-da70d0780f3e
Renal aery stenosis is caused by all except
Atherosclerosis
Fibromuscular dysplasia
Takayasu aeritis
Buerger's disease
3d
multi
Renal aery stenosis: aCauses- Atherosclerotic disease(most common cause) - Fibromuscular Dysplasia(FMD) - Extrinsic compression of the vessel a It is considered a specifically treatable "secondary" cause of hypeension a Pathogenesis: Critical levels of stenosis - reduction in perfusion pressure - Activation of the reni...
Medicine
All India exam
5debd42c-8272-4117-b56d-5343e3ea078e
Herpes zoster ophthalmicus is
Reactivation of herpes in optic nerve
Reactivation of herpes in trigeminal nerve
Reactivation of herpes in occulomotor nerve
herpes in immunocompromised
1b
single
It is due to reactivation of herpes in ophthalmic branch of trigeminal nerve.
Microbiology
null
7d8c7885-5afd-41dc-8f4a-eb611ac04fc5
Pulmonary hypertension in COPD is due toa) Constriction of pulm vesselsb) Hypoxiac) Interstitial fibrosisd) Bronchoconstriction
ab
a
ad
bc
0a
single
null
Medicine
null
1b1fbe73-6d4c-46c0-aeb5-59a5a67c69e3
A male patient presents with headache, profuse sweating and palpitations with a blood prssure of 180/120 mmHg. The drug of choice would be -
Nifedipine
Labetalol
Prazocin
Phenoxy benzamine
3d
single
Answer- D. Phenoxy benzamineSymptoms of the patient suggests pheochromocytoma .The drug of choice for pheochromocytomas is phenoxybenzamine
Medicine
null
146e5d08-2d13-45b3-b222-5f8971e62365
Feature of a NiTi file that a surface project axially from the central core to the cutting edge between the flutes is known as:
Taper
Land
Pitch
Rake angle
1b
multi
Land: It is the area between the flutes which projects axially from central core to the cutting edge. Rake angle: It is the angle formed by leading-edge with the radius of file. Acute angle is considered as a negative rake angle and obtuse angle is  considered as a positive rake angle. Taper: It signifies per millimete...
Dental
null
50283d71-2ff0-4491-bbe2-ab83b38c0256
WHO Malaria Mass Drug Administration –
API >5
> 2
15
25
1b
single
First you should know what does mass prophylaxis mean in malaria. In areas with high malaria prevalence, presumptive treatment is given to all people. This is know as mass treatment. Presumptive treatment is given when API is >2
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
068c6274-bd22-4e30-86f2-1bd02f12411a
A nine month old boy of Sindhi parents presented to you with complaints of progressive lethargy, irritability & pallor since 6 months of age. Examination revealed severe pallor. Investigation showed Hb-3.8 mg%; MCV-58 fl; MCH-19.4 pg/cell. Blood film shows osmotic fragility is normal (target cells and normoblasts). X-r...
Iron deficiency anemia
Acute lymphoblastic anemia
Hemoglobin D disease
Hereditary spherocytosis
0a
multi
This child is having microcytic (MCV-58Fl), hypochromic(MCHC-19.4pg/cell) anemia with normal osmotic fragility. This is suggestive of iron deficiency anemia (Normal Hb at this age is 12g/dL, MCV is 78 fL). Severe iron deficiency will produce bizzare peripheral blood smear with severely hypochromic cells, target cells, ...
Pediatrics
null
b9203ca3-6daf-41d6-adfc-639bcaef35f1
All are major criteria for AIDS except-
10% weight loss
Diarrhoea for 1 month
Cough for 1 month
Fever for 1 month
2c
multi
null
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
b19cf9e7-cc26-4aa8-be45-7b6717d85164
Secondary attack rate is defined as-
Number of total cases developing disease within maximum incubation period
Number of case developing disease within incubation period following exposure to primary care
Number of cases developing diseare after exposure to primary case in any period of time
Number of cases developing after exposure to secondary case
1b
single
Ans. is 'b' i.e., Number of cases developing disease within incubation period following exposure to primary case * SAR is defined as "the number of exposed persons developing the disease within the range of incubation period, following exposure to primary case".SAR=No of exposed persons developing disease within the ra...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Epidemiology
4c6f5de1-747d-4d45-b21e-af05452477a3
Hepatitis B vaccine should be given as per which schedule: September 2005
0,1,6 days
0,1,6 weeks
0,1,6 months
0,1,6 years
2c
single
Ans. C: 0, 1, 6 months The dose for the adult is 10-20 micrograms initially and again at 1 and 6 months. Children under 10 years should be given half of the adult doses at the same intervals or at 6, 10 and 14 weeks as per Indian National Immunization Schedule. For greater reliability of absorption, deltoid is the pref...
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
a4cb0c0b-24db-47ac-be8e-bb580a2ab19d
A 5 year old boy comes with overnight petechial spots 2 weeks back he had history of abdominal pain and no hepatosplenomegaly. Diagnosis is ?
Aute lymphatic leukemia
Aplastic anemia
Idiopathic thrombocytopenis purpura
Acute viral infection
2c
single
Ans. is 'c' i.e., Idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura Petechial spots without hepatosplenomegaly in a 5 year old boy suggest the diagnosis of ITP. About other options Acute leukemia o Acute leukemia will give features of involvement of all the three lineages i.e. anemia (erythrocyte involvement) fever (due to neutrophi...
Pediatrics
null
ff403e70-2be9-4b48-8f2d-7c621ad70dfb
All of the following steps in synthesis of thyroid hormones is catalysed by thyroid peroxidase enzyme except
Coupling
Oxidation
Organification
Iodide trapping
3d
multi
Iodide trapping is not catalysed by thyroid peroxidase. Oxidation, organification and coupling are catalysed by it. Steps in synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone: Thyroglobulin synthesis by thyroid follicular cells Iodide trapping:Na+ - I- sympoer (NIS) actively transpos I- into the follicular cells. This is inhi...
Physiology
Endocrinology
e91e7fd1-be6f-4a7d-b9b8-378944a3e01d
Largest lymphoid organ is
Liver
Spleen
Thymus
Kidney
1b
single
(B) Spleen [BDC II4-279# Largest lymphatic organ in the human body is the spleen.> Primary function of the spleen is to purify the blood and store blood cells.> It helps the immune system identify and combat foreign antibodies.> Spleen consists of white pulp and red pulp.> White pulp generates blood cells and synthesiz...
Anatomy
Misc.
2ac3af21-236b-45e3-b840-a78d8f839e6e
Which of the following tumor does have perineural spread?
Wahin's tumor
Mucoepidermoid carcinoma
Mixed tumors
Adenoid cystic tumor
3d
single
Perineural spread from head and neck tumors most commonly occurs with squamous cell carcinoma and adenoid cystic carcinoma. Perineural spread most commonly involves cranial nerve V (all three divisions may be involved) and may be retrograde (toward the brain) or anterograde (toward the orbit). Perineural tumor extensio...
Surgery
null
4e36eb89-22a9-4557-afd6-d0c2b6c85d31
What type of joint is the growth plate
Fibrous
Primary cailaginous
Secondary cailaginous
Plane joint
1b
single
Epiphysis & diaphysis of bone is connected by growth plate/ epiphyseal plate It is made up of hyaline cailage Epiphyseo-diaphyseal joint is primary cailaginous joint called synchondrosis
Anatomy
Osteology
1417033f-fe69-46b1-9cce-c386d49b4eaa
In newborn the most common cause of intestinal obstruction is
Annular pancreas
Esophageal atresia
Duodenal atresia
Jejunal atresia
2c
single
null
Surgery
null
72ae5d1f-88c9-4e9c-822a-070361cd113c
Which one of the following is not included in the treatment of malignant melanoma-
Radiation
Surgical excision
Chemotherapy
Immunotherapy
0a
single
null
Surgery
null
bcfcf165-d7c5-45d8-a61d-b54213b1309b
A sign of Aphakia ?
Shallow anterior chamber
White pupillary reflex
Absent 1st & 2nd Purkinje images
Iridodonesis
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Iridodonesis Aphakia Aphakia refers to absence of crystalline lens from the eye. Most common cause of aphakia is surgical removal of cataractous lens. Other causes are congenital absence of lens, traumatic absorption of lens matter and posterior dislocation of lens. The typical signs of aphakia are de...
Ophthalmology
null
1e1a13b0-dae2-4242-a549-c00da2af13d7
Ramsted's operation is for -
Duodenal atresia
Volvulus of small intestine
Anorectal malformation
Congenital pyloric stenosis
3d
multi
Ans. is 'd' i.e., Congenital pyloric stenosis
Surgery
null
0f1d8eb7-4254-4fc2-b261-7474c195dec0
All are true about normal response curve except:
Bell shaped
Total area of curve=l
SD = 0
Mean, mode, median coincide
2c
multi
Ans: C (SD=0) Ref: Textbook of Preventive and Social Mediciner K Park,21st edition feb 2011.page no:788.Explanation:The standard normal curve : smooth,bell shaped.perfectly symmetrical curve (based on infinitely large number of observations).Total area of curve=lMean=0SD=1Mean, median and mode all coincides.
Social & Preventive Medicine
Measures of Central Tendency and Distribution
a914e13a-e7fa-4e8c-9c69-56d8190225cc
Pseudo buboes are found in -
Chancroid
LGV
Granuloma inguinale
All of the above
2c
multi
Ans-C
Unknown
null
70959751-a89c-4cc7-8992-e1bc4d9919d9
Facial nerve is injured during parotid surgery. Best management -
Immediate repair
Repair at a later date
Physiotherapy
Nothing
0a
single
Ans. is 'a' i.e., Immediate repair o Iatrogenic facial nerve injury' is most common after mastridctomy. When this occurs interoperatively, it is explaned. Injury' to greater than 50% of the neural diameter of facial nerve is addressed either with primary reanestomosis or reconstructed with the use of a nerve graft.o Re...
Surgery
Miscellaneous (Salivary Gland)
8a5cd77b-3fec-4ec6-b951-2338feecc51a
Cystic fibrosis is associated with all except -
Infeility
Azoospermia
Nasal polyps
Renal failure
3d
multi
Ref:Textbook of pathology (harsh mohan)6th edition, page no.645 Cystic Fibrosis Cystic fibrosis of the pancreas or fibrocystic disease is a hereditary disorder characterised by viscid mucous secretions in all the exocrine glands of the body (mucoviscidosis) and associated with increased concentrations of electrolytes i...
Pathology
Respiratory system
0ed8062c-b58a-4a22-b7c4-3d599693d6ab
Nucleus of basal ganglia
Dentate
Thalamus
Caudate
Red nucleus
2c
single
Ans. (c) Caudate(Ref: Ganong, 25th ed/p.243)Basal ganglia nuclei are,#Caudate and Putamen#Globus pallidus#Substantia nigra#Subthalamic nucleus
Physiology
Nervous System
881330ed-d200-4b9a-957f-4babf3b0f731
Time of ovulation is detected by all EXCEPT:September 2012
Urine LH
Urine FSH
Serum progesterone
Basal body temperature
1b
multi
Ans. B i.e. Urine FSHPhysiologyBest predictor of ovulation: Pre-ovulatory rise in LHIn normal menstrual cycle, progesterone is secreted by: Corpus luteumInhibin is secreted by: Graffian follicleLH precedes ovulation by: 24 hours (Ovulation coincides with LH surge)Ovulatory period: Corresponds to 14 days before next men...
Gynaecology & Obstetrics
null
950a3c8a-8d39-4668-b678-03165043f3b8
The most common site for hypeensive bleed is?
Pons
Putamen
Frontal lobe
Thalamus
2c
single
Answer is C (Putamen): The putamen (Basal Ganglia) is the most common site for hypeensive haemorrhage External capsule refers to a thin layer of white matter that separates the lateral pa of lentiform nucleus (putamen) from claustrum and is invariably damaged along with the putamen.
Medicine
null
2889edbb-a36a-47d9-84ae-76c5412aff5f
The intercondylar distance can be adjusted in the
Hanau H2 articulator
Hanau arcon H2 articulator
Whipmix articulator
Mean value articulator
2c
single
null
Dental
null
cd636e25-ab8b-44b9-a748-a2a25e4248be
The time interval between invasion by an infectious agent and appearance of the first sign or symptoms of the disease is
Generation time
Incubation period
Lead time
Latent period
1b
single
(B) Incubation period # Incubation period:> "The time interval between invasion by on infectious agents and appearance of the first sign or symptom of the disease in question"> Generation time:> It is the interval of time between receipt of infection by a host and maximal infectivity of that host. In general generation...
Social & Preventive Medicine
Miscellaneous
101f52c2-eea8-4fcf-b5f0-13104b1e6399
A 51-year-old complains of abdominal pain of 2-month duration. A CT scan of the patient's abdomen is shown. An angiogram indicates that several arteries of the gastrointestinal tract are occluded due to atherosclerosis, producing bowel ischemia. Which of the following arteries is most likely occluded in the CT scan?
Middle colic
Right colic
Left colic
Iliocolic
2c
single
(c) Source: GAS 336; GA 147, 160 The arrows in the CT scan point to the descending colon. Therefore, the left colic artery, which supplies the descending colon, is the one most likely occluded in the CT scan. The middle colic, right colic, and ileocolic artery supply the ascending colon, and the marginal artery provide...
Anatomy
Abdomen & Pelvis
26856f96-2ab3-482b-8128-6d4762d9d0a6
Pick up the wrong type of Cell in myelodysplastic syndrome
Ringed Siduoblasts
Megakaryocytes with normal single multilobulated nuclei
P - seudo - pelger - Huet
Pawn - Ball megakaryocytes.
1b
multi
Ringed sideroblasts with iron laden mitochrondria P. Seudo - pelger - Huet → Neutrophics with only two lobes Pawn Ball megakaryocytes - megakaryocytes with multiple nuclei Threre are three type of cells found in MDS.
Pathology
null
fe251672-44ca-4cb6-ba3e-13d8754db590
A man comes with aphasia, is unable to name things and repetition is poor. However, comprehension, fluency and aiculation are unaffected. He is probably suffering from
Anomic aphasia
Transcoical sensory aphasia
Conduction aphasia
Broca's aphasia
2c
single
A patient with conduction aphasia presents with inability to name things and poor repetition of language. These features are evident in other conditions as well but since the comprehension is good, it's not a case of Wernicke's and on the other hand intact fluency rules out Broca's aphasia Ref: Gray's39e/p-518
Anatomy
Brain
a8983a46-d196-4648-9bd3-a150734ad77d
Treatment of retained CBD stone is?
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
Laparoscopic CBD exploration
Percutaneous stone extraction
ESWL
0a
single
Endoscopic Sphincterotomy REF: Maingot's 10th e p. 1746 Retained stone: stones diagnosed sholy after cholecystectomy Recurrent stone: diagnosed months or years after Treatment of retained stones: Found on T tube cholangiogram Removal of stones radiologically after maturation of T tube tract after 4 weeks Treatment of r...
Surgery
null
007ee2fe-c2aa-4d4d-8372-55b135450856
The secretomotor fibres supplying lacrimal gland relay in:
Otic ganglion
Pterygopalatine ganglion
Submaxillary ganglion
None of the above
1b
multi
null
Anatomy
null
f81d3290-f994-4388-887e-1b17c8ff3ed0
Obstructive sleep apnea may result in all of the following except?
Systemic hypeension
Pulmonary hypeension
Hea block
Impotence
2c
multi
OSAHS raises 24-hour mean blood pressure. The increase is greater in those with recurrent nocturnal hypoxemia and is at least 4-5 mmHg. The resultant hypoxia also leads to pulmonary aery constriction leading to PAH. Other effects of OSAHS- Personality and mood changes, depression and anxiety, sexual dysfunction- impote...
Medicine
Cystic fibrosis & Sleep apnea
63350cad-0409-4103-8f2c-df1a38ccbab7
Type of anaemia caused by pulmonaryTB -
Iron-deficiency
Megaloblastic
Sideroblastic
Microcytic Hypochromic anaemia
3d
single
<p>Pulmonary TB causes anemia of chronic disorder .In anemia of chronic disorder, the type of anemia is normocytic normochromic, but may have slight microcytosis & hypochromia.</p><p>Reference :Harsh mohan textbook of pathology sixth edition pg no 302.</p>
Medicine
Haematology
dbd5670a-a8bd-4e26-acbd-e796d6844a89
Illuminated frenzel glasses are used in detecting-
Nystagmus
Heterophoria
Esotropia
Astigmatism
0a
single
Frenzel goggles are a diagnostic tool used in ophthalmology, otolaryngology and audiovestibular medicine for the medical evaluation of involuntary eye movement (nystagmus). They are named after Frenzel, a German physician Ref AK khurana 6/e p515
Ophthalmology
Neuro-ophthalmology
55a22567-0540-44a8-aad7-3708a21592a8
True about mosquito preventive nets are all except?
Hole size < 0.0475
150 holes per square inch
Best pattern in circular
There should be no rent
2c
multi
Ans. is 'c' i.e.,Best pattern is circular The best pattern of mosquito net is the rectangular net.There should not be a single rent in the net.The Size of openings in the net is of utmost impoance, the size should not exceed 0.0475 inch in any diameter.The number of holes in one square inch in usually 150..
Social & Preventive Medicine
null
ce989026-8bf4-4a60-ac7e-7459d4241688
Vitamin E toxicity causes
Reduce platelet aggregation
Polyneuropathy
Spinocerebellar ataxia
Retrolental fibroplasia
0a
single
(A) Reduce platelet aggregation # Vitamin E Toxicity:> It is likely that patients with vitamin E toxicity have been using vitamin E supplements; obtain the dose and duration of vitamin E usage. Assess concurrent use of anticoagulants or aspirin.> A nutritional assessment for vitamin K deficiency is useful in patients w...
Medicine
Miscellaneous
ed968123-6a6d-4b0a-af08-54ec89d43c9f
Which condition doctor is passive -
Classical psychoanalysis
Psychoanalytic psycoanalysis
Both
None
0a
multi
In psychoanalysis (classical psychoanalysis) the therapist remains passive, whereas in psychoanalytic psychotherapy therapist talks quite a lot.
Psychiatry
null
3e81811b-bd7f-43a5-8203-fa2d8825f85a
Vascular dementia is characterised by all except
Visual hallucination
Memory deficit
Emotional liability
None of the above
0a
multi
Dementia is a chronic organic mental disorder, characterized by the following main clinical features: 1. Impairment of intellectual functions, 2. Impairment of memory (predominantly of recent memory, especially in early stages), 3. Deterioration of personality with lack of personal care. Reference: A sho textbook of Ps...
Psychiatry
Organic mental disorders
7aa03a0f-8d5c-4aed-8a9b-0705c1f7968b
Drug used in heparin overdose is
Protamine sulfate
Phylloquinone
Ticlopidine
Clopidogrel
0a
multi
Refer Katzung 11/e p 593 Protamine sulfate is antidote of heparin overdose whereas vitamin K is used as antidote for warfarin toxicity
Pharmacology
Respiratory system
1096f571-bc78-403c-bf07-054040494600
The common cause of subarachnoid hemorrhage Is
Aerio-venous malformation
Cavernous angioma
Aneurysm
Hypeension
2c
single
*Subarachnoid hemorrhage commonly,but exclusively results from rupture of congenital berry aneurysms in the interpeduncular cistern . Subarachnoid haemorrhage, a medical emergency, is usually from a bulging blood vessel that bursts in the brain (aneurysm). It may lead to permanent brain damage or death if not treated p...
Medicine
C.N.S
53855652-c7dc-4492-bb08-c133862d1229
Which one of the following is a cyanotic congenital hea disease ?
Patent ductus aeriosus
Atrial septal defect
Ventricular septal defect
Tetralogy of Fallot
3d
multi
TOF is a cyanotic hea disease. Ref : Ghai essential of pediatrics, eighth edition, p.no:420
Pediatrics
C.V.S