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1465d7e9-40a1-4fad-81ee-f5b83878efb3 | In a sampling technique, every 10th unit of population is chosen. What is this type of sampling technique called? | Systematic random sampling | Systematic sampling | Simple random sampling | Cluster sampling | 0a | multi | Systematic random sampling is a sampling technique. It is done by picking up every 5th or 10th unit at regular intervals. By this method, each in the sampling frame would have the same chance of being selected, but the number of possible samples is reduced. Other sampling methods are simple random sampling, stratified ... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Epidemiology |
c465fac7-b2ff-4d4c-a1f3-a9246e9b1592 | Most common mode of treatment of a 1 year old child with asthma is: | Inhaled sho acting beta 2 agonist | Oral sho acting theophylline | Oral ketotifen | Leukotriene agonist | 0a | single | Asthma in children between 1-3 years of age is treated with inhaled beta-2 adrenergics and/or theophylline administered by nebuliser or face mask. Ref: Diagnosis and Management of Asthma, Mani S. Kavuru, 2007 - Page 41; Pediatric Allergy, Asthma And Immunology, Springer, 2008 - Page 828; Ghai Essential Pediatrics - 6th... | Pediatrics | null |
0c9f912f-72db-4298-9d5c-661dee964877 | A 10-year-old girl has multiple excoriations that have appeared on the skin of her hands over the past week. The child reports that she scratches her hands because they itch. Physical examination shows multiple 0.2- to 0.6-cm linear streaks in the interdigital regions. Treatment with a topical lindane lotion resolves t... | Ixodes scapularis | Poxvirus | Staphylococcus aureus | Sarcoptes scabiei | 3d | single | The small scabies mites burrow through the stratum corneum to produce the linear lesions, and the mites along with their eggs and feces produce intense pruritus. Scabies is easily transmitted by contact and typically occurs in community outbreaks. Ixodes scapularis is the tick that is the vector for Borrelia burgdorfer... | Pathology | Skin |
6471391f-e0a1-4d48-ab7b-abe64508553b | All are substrates of Gluconeogenesis EXCEPT: | Lactate | Alanine | Leucine | Lysine | 2c | multi | 18 amino acids are glucogenic (out of 20). These all can form glucose. Only 2 amino acids are purely ketogenic which cannot form glucose i.e. Leucine, Lysine. As there is controversy regarding Lysine to be purely ketogenic we cannot mark this as not gluconeogenic. Hence its only safe to mark leucine in case one best an... | Biochemistry | Gluconeogenesis |
ae454291-2a1f-442b-b643-b7f009cb76a7 | A wave in JVP is due to ? | Atrial systole | Atrial diastole | Ventricular systale | Ventricular diastole | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Atrial systole | Physiology | null |
e93e62dd-8def-479c-ab25-bb9592fbe71f | Characteristics of Slow Wave Sleep are | Also called paradoxical slee | Dreams occur but not consolidated into memory | Heart rate & respiratory rate become irregular | EEG shows desynchronized pattern of b waves | 2c | multi | (C) Heart rate and respiratory rate become irregular > Slow waves in the EEG and their behavioral correlate, slow-wave sleep, can be produced by stimulation of at least three subcortical regions.> The diencephalic sleep zone is in the posterior hypothalamus and the nearby intralaminar and anterior thalamic nuclei.> The... | Physiology | Nervous System |
503b2877-c4fe-4e2c-bbff-5083bf2ccec1 | The decrease in plasma osmotic pressure is the cause of edema in? | CHF | DVT | Nephrotic syndrome | None | 2c | multi | • Following conditions can cause edema :-
1) The increased hydrostatic pressure of capillaries : It causes an increase in outward driving force. It may be due to impaired venous return e.g. in CHF or DVT.
2) Decreased plasma osmotic pressure of capillaries: It causes decreases in inward driving force. It results from H... | Pathology | null |
e119fee6-0aa8-483a-96d1-5b8825f99eac | A male 45 years old presents to the dental clinic with pain in lower back tooth region. Intraoral examination reveals carious 36. Root canal treatment done and zirconia crown has to be placed. Dentist makes an impression with polysulfide impression material.
All of the following are the disadvantages of this material e... | High tear resistance | Stretching leads to distortion | Stains clothing | Obnoxious odor | 0a | multi | Key Concept: High tear resistance is an advantage of Polysulfide impression materials.
Characteristics of Elastomeric Impression Materials: | Dental | null |
ab82bb57-b13b-43aa-99dd-db1d8931d44f | All of the following are mid line swellings in neck, except | Branchial cyst | Sublingual dermoid cyst | Throglossal cyst | Subhyoid bursitis | 0a | multi | (A) Branchial cyst # DD of midline swellings of neck: Ludwigs angina; Enlarged submental lymph node; Sublingual dermoid cyst; Subhyoid bursitis; Thyroglossal cyst; Enlarged isthmus of thyroid gland; Pretracheal and prelaryngeal lymph nodes; Retrosternal goitre; Thymic swelling; Enlarged lymph nodes of lipoma in the sup... | Surgery | Miscellaneous |
65378f7b-07c5-49df-81de-45be2a7e9496 | Seen in rickets A/E –a) Cupping of metaphysicb) Defective Mineralizationc) Epiphyseal dysgenesisd) Defective osteoid formation | ab | cd | bd | ac | 1b | single | In rickets osteoid (protein matrix) is formed normally but mineralization of this osteoid does not occur i.e. there is defective mineralization.
Pathophysiology of rickets
1) Normal anatomy and physiology of mineralization
Normal growing bone has following regions (moving from end to centre) - | Pediatrics | null |
a7098766-658d-4af4-bc5a-fc2a59f4b5c5 | The commonest cause of pathological fracture is generalized affection is: | Carcinoma | Osteoporosis | Cyst | All of the above | 1b | multi | B i.e. Ostoporosis | Surgery | null |
a8953a0e-e635-4a11-9f1a-9c294b4920fa | A 24-year-old woman in her third trimester of pregnancy presents with urinary frequency and burning for the past few days. She denies fever, or chills. She has mild suprapubic tenderness, and a urine dipstick is positive for WBC, protein, and a small amount of blood. Culture produces greater than 100,000 colonies of gr... | Colonisation factor antigen | Heat labile toxins | Heat stable toxins | P pili | 3d | multi | P pili are found in uropathogenic strains of E. coli. By using P pili, E. coli is able to attach to epithelial cells lining the urinary tract. Pili or fimbriae are hair like structures, which are formed by only gram-negative bacteria. They are organs of adhesion and allow the bacteria to adhere to mucosal surface. Thes... | Surgery | null |
5cb0b109-7201-410a-8f03-c0db7ddfbca0 | A child presents with a solitary white well-defined patch on his right thigh. Diagnosis is – | Piebaldism | Albinism | Nevus achromicus | Acral vitiligo | 2c | single | Information is this question are :-
Lesion is on thigh
Unilateral lesion (Isolated lesion on Right thigh)
Both these suggest Nevus achromicus, i.e. Nevus acromicus involves :-
Trunk and proximal extremity (thigh in this question)
Lesion is unilateral
Also keep in mind that, though Nevus achromicus presents sinc... | Dental | null |
7b99f77a-9045-40a2-a82c-3483bc22796d | X- linked recessive disease in male with clotting defect is- | Hemophilia A | Von - Willebrand disease | ITP | None | 0a | multi | X- linked recessive disease in male with clotting defect is Hemophilia A XR (X-linked recessive) Color blindness Duchenne's Muscular Dystrophy Becker's Muscular Dystrophy Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase deficiency(G6PD) Testicular Feminization Hunter's Syndrome Fabry's disease Ornithine Transcarboxylase deficiency Le... | Biochemistry | Genetic Disorders |
c79013b4-4f74-4e2b-b3d0-565aeb3f571e | Which of the following is seen retinitis pigmentosa? | Aeriolar attenuation | Neovascularization | Retinal aery thrombosis | Papilledema | 0a | single | Retinitis pigmentosaApoptosis of rodsAR - most common RISK FACTOR- Consanguineous marriagesC/F- Nyctalopia- Ring scotoma +nt- Progress to tubular vision (constriction of visual fields) O/E- TRIAD- Pale waxy disc- Aeriolar attenuation- BONE SPICLUE PIGMENTATION (characteristic) - Gold standard for Dx - ERG- Measures the... | Ophthalmology | FMGE 2019 |
6d171e42-c76c-4073-8227-ff04b6b509d2 | All of the following statements about renal regulations in a paient with hypovolemic shock are true, expect(2018) | Reduced renal plasma flow | Reduced glomerular filtration rate | Constriction of afferent aeriole more than the efferent aeriole | Renal vasoconstriction | 2c | multi | Renin is secreted from the juxtaglomerular cells that surround the renal afferent aerioles.Aldosterone secretion is regulated the renin-angiotensin system in a feedback manner.Angiotensin II has a generalized vasoconstrictor action. A drop in ECF volume or intra-aerial vascular volume leads to a reflex increase in rena... | Physiology | Renal physiology |
dcd68b91-c56a-4da4-a671-113095e4c099 | Best parameter measured by ultrasound to assess foetal maturity in the first trimester? | Crown - rump length | Biparietal diameter | Ratio of transverse diameter of abdomen to foetal head diameter | Transverse diameter of abdomen | 0a | single | Ans. A. Crown - rump lengthThe most sensitive indicator of symmetric and asymmetric IUGR is the abdominal circumference, which has a sensitivity of over 95 percent if the measurement is below the 2.5th percentile. Head/abdomen ratio is very useful in suspected IUGR when sparing head growth is observed (asymmetrical IUG... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Diagnosis in Obstetrics |
66f7b2eb-2211-4485-bb14-c4075c3d4cc8 | Which is the following is an example of low grade Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma? | Follicular lymphoma | Burkitt lymphoma | Diffuse large cell lymphoma (DLBCL) | Lymphoblastic lymphoma | 0a | single | Follicular Lymphoma is a low grade non-Hodgkin's lymphoma Most common form of indolent lymphoma in adults. Hallmark is a (14;18) translocation that juxtaposes the IGH locus on chromosome 14 and the BCL2 locus on chromosome 18. The t(14;18) is seen in up to 90% of follicular lymphomas and leads to overexpression of BCL2... | Pathology | Non Hodgkin Iymphoma |
734443fe-7165-4b3f-b990-d6b7f098711d | Which of the following is respiratory analeptic drug? | Picrotoxin | Methylphenidate | Caffeine | Doxapram | 3d | single | ANSWER: (D) DoxapramREF: KDT 6th edition page 470CNS STIMULANT CLASSIFICATIONConvulsants: Strychnine, Picrotoxin, Bicuculline, Pentylenetetrazol (PTZ)Analeptics: DoxapramPsychostimulants: Amphetamines, Methylphenidate, Modafinil, Pemoline, Cocaine, Caffeine.Doxapram: It acts by promoting excitation of central neurones.... | Pharmacology | C.N.S |
8e5f745c-f2eb-470b-9d76-40de90f0303b | Increase in temperature during first 2 hours after death is due to? | Massive hemorrhage | Cyanide poisoning | Organophosphorus poisoning | Septicemia | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., septicemia Postmortem caloricitv is seen in1) Due to disturbed heat regidation : Sun-stroke (heat stroke), pontine hemorrhage.2) Due to heat production by muscular activity: Tetanus, strychnine poisoning, asphyxial death.3) Acute bacterial or viral infections : Pneumonia, septicemia, liver abscess, pe... | Forensic Medicine | Death and Medicolegal Aspects |
64d20297-0cc6-4a91-bb83-109c1a9e2c99 | All of the following occur in pregnancy EXCEPT | Increase in Cardiac output | Increase in stroke volume | Decrease in fibrinogen levels | Rise in the venous pressure in the lower limb in supine position | 2c | multi | (C) Decrease in fibrinogen levels # PHYSIOLOGICAL CHANGES ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY:> Blood Volume increases progressively from 6-8 weeks gestation (pregnancy) and reaches a maximum at approximately 32-34 weeks with little change thereafter.> Renal plasma flow and glomerular filtration rate begin to increase progressiv... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Miscellaneous (Obs) |
ca7b5676-e246-457f-8907-09f9c8882621 | Who gave the basic concepts of "Analytical Psychology"? | Sigmond Freud | Erik erikson | Anna Freud | Carl Jung | 3d | single | Psychoanalysis : Sigmond Freud
Child psychoanalysis: Anna Freud
Analytical psychology: Carl Jung. | Psychiatry | null |
0dc4e1a5-bb7f-4184-9555-9cb3d40438d9 | Consistency of the gas permeable contact lenses is: | Hard | Soft | Semisoft | None of the above | 0a | multi | Ans. Hard | Ophthalmology | null |
19d93654-2416-4bcb-be13-345ba3111073 | Sudden inversion of foot leads to rupture of which tendon? | Deltoid ligament | Anterior talofibular ligament | Posterior talofibular ligament | Spring ligament | 1b | single | Ans. is 'b' i.e., Anterior talofibular ligament * The lateral collateral ligament is commonly sprained, mostly so the anterior talofibular component* Structures damaged due to inversion injury.i) Peroneal tendon injury.ii) Avulsion fracture of tip of lateral malleolus.iii) Avulsion fracture of anterolateral surface of ... | Orthopaedics | Injuries to the Leg, Ankle & Foot |
e17f5379-5f45-4743-8721-be7907eca17f | All of the following are known side effects with the use of tocolytic therapy except: | Tachycardia | Hypotension | Hyperglycemia | Fever | 3d | multi | Tocolysis for pregnancies beyond 34 weeks are associated with more complications and no clear benefits in fetal status. Hence tocolysis is now limited to pregnancies before 34 weeks. Common side effects of tocolytic therapy - Hypotension Tachycardia Hyperglycemia Pulmonary edema Cardiac arrythmias Hypokalemia Neonatal ... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - normal, abnormal, malposition, malpresentation and their management |
75d4f290-63af-4e82-845d-6d0ef766869b | 'Socialized medicine' concept was first given by | India | Russia | Germany | China | 1b | single | Socialized medicine - Free medical care by govt. regulated by professional groups or bodies. Concept given by Russia State medicine -free medical care by govt. Finger printing first given by - India Blindness control first staed by - India Compulsory sickness insurance given by- Germany | Social & Preventive Medicine | Definition and Concepts in Sociology & Psychology |
4629afc9-09ca-4566-8618-c1c0e14255ad | A pregnant lady is suffering from peptic ulcer. Drug that is absolutely contraindicated is:- | Omeprazole | Ranitidine | Misoprostol | Famotidine | 2c | single | Misoprostol (PGE1 analogue) is the MOST SPECIFIC drug for treatment and prevention of NSAID induced peptic ulcer (DOC is PPI). Commonest side effect of PG analogues is diarrhea and colicky abdominal pain. Misoprostol can cause aboion. It is therefore contraindicated in pregnancy. | Pharmacology | Gastro-Intestinal Tract |
3a9b8bd3-7255-4188-bfc5-577ce872c418 | Discectomy can be performed using | Open surgery | Microscope | Endoscope | All | 3d | multi | Ans. D. ALLa. Discectomy is performed in case of accompanying LCS - fenestration with laminectomyb. Small disc with microscope/endoscope | Orthopaedics | Management In Orthopedics |
78571ef8-2966-4b45-8eeb-023475ae06a6 | Nocardia is stained by: | Acid fast stain | Kiram's stain | Alcian blue | Mucin stain | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., Acid fast stainRef:(Ananthanarayan, 8th/e, p. 393; 9th/e, p. 390-91)The first step in diagnosis is examination of sputum or pus for crooked, branching, beaded, gram-positive filaments 1 um wide and up to 50 um long. Most nocardiae are acid-fast in direct smears if a weak acid is used for decolorizatio... | Microbiology | Bacteria |
a75710c2-ed1d-4c1b-9a22-b4201013db84 | Virus causing acute onset sensorineural deafness -a) Corona virusb) Rubella, measlesc) Mumpsd) Adeno viruse) Rota virus | a | bc | ac | ad | 1b | single | “The most common postnatal cause of acquired SNHL is meningitis, while the most common prenatal cause is intrauterine infection (eg TORCH infections, syphilis, mumps, measles)”.
According to Scotts Browth 7/e, p 3579 – Specific viruses like mumps and syphilis and encephalitis can cause sudden sensorineural hearing loss... | ENT | null |
f13a74c3-dc74-4134-a219-0dc36840172c | Urine concentrating ability of the kidney is increased by | Increased medullary hyperosmolarity | Increase in RBF | Reduction of medullary hyperosmolarity | Increase in GFR | 0a | single | Countercurrent mechanism is a system in the renal medulla that facilitates concentration of the urine as it passes through the renal tubules.Ref: Ganong&;s review of medical physiology; 24th edition; page no: 687 | Physiology | Renal physiology |
964e53b0-4fd4-4f11-879a-eba3485b0319 | a-Granules of platelet contains all of the following, EXCEPT: | Fibrinogen | Fibronectin | factors V | ATP | 3d | multi | Platelets play a critical role in normal hemostasis. Their function depends on several glycoprotein receptors, a contractile cytoskeleton, and two types of cytoplasmic granules. a-Granules have the adhesion molecule P-selectin on their membranes and contain fibrinogen, fibronectin, factors V and VIII, platelet factor 4... | Pathology | null |
846849b3-dcc5-4fea-87a7-0683d37bd70b | Periodic Acid Schiff stain shows block positivity in: | Myeloblasts | Lymphoblasts | Monoblasts | Megakaryoblasts | 1b | single | Lymphoblasts | Pathology | null |
bafc370f-af00-48c3-ac1d-4db9a759bb6a | Brazilian purpuric fever is caused by? | Haemophilus haemolyticus | Haemophilus aphrophilus | Haemophilus aegyptius | Haemophilus parainfluenzae | 2c | single | Brazilian purpuric fever is caused by Haemophilus aegyptius. It is characterised by conjunctivitis which proceeds to fulminant septicemia in infants and children. There is high fatality. It was first recognized in Brazil in 1984. Ref: Ananthanarayan and Paniker's Textbook of Microbiology, 9th edition, p330,331. | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
6cc506bb-4b74-4fdb-9e82-ea5ffb0217f1 | A 7 year old girl is brought with complaints of generalized swelling of the body. Urinary examination reveals grade 3 proteinuria and the presence of hyaline and fatty casts. She has no history of hematuria. Which of the following statements about her condition is true - | No IgG deposits or C3 deposition on renal biopsy | C3 level will be low | IgA nephropathy is the likely diagnosis | Alpo's syndrome is the likely diagnosis | 0a | multi | Ans. is 'a' i.e., No IgG deposits or C3 deposition on renal biopsy This girl is having i) Generalized swelling (edema) ii) Grade 3 proteinuria iii) Fatty casts (lipiduria) iv) No hematuria o All these features suggest the diagnosis of nephrotic syndrome. o Minimal change disease is the commonest cause of nephrotic synd... | Pediatrics | null |
f76ecf80-ea0c-4a98-9b26-0cf4434f91c2 | Which of the following has small representation in somatosensory area of cerebral cortex - | Lips | Thumb/fmgers | Tongue | Trunk | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Trunko A distinct topographic represention of the body can be demonstrated in somatosensory area-1.o Each side of the cortex receives sensory information from the opposite side of the body only (contralateral representation).o The body is represented upside down (vertical) in the postcentral gyrus, i.... | Physiology | Nervous System |
5618436b-5205-45d0-8c7a-e3576228148f | Menorrhagia is defined as blood loss per vagina more than: | 80 ml | 110 ml | 150 ml | 50 ml | 0a | single | null | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
5d2982e4-2534-4967-a67e-de310e568dce | All are true about Bullous keratopathy except - | See in Macular dystrophy | Treatment is keoplasty | Lenses can be prescribed for such patients | Seen in Fuch's dystrophy | 0a | multi | It is seen in fuch's dystrophy.Stage of bullous keratopathy,this stage follows long-standing stromal oedema and is characterised by marked epithelial oedema with formation of bullae, which when rupture cause pain, discomfo and irritation with associated decreased visual acquity.Reference:Comprehensive ophthalmology,AK ... | Ophthalmology | Cornea and sclera |
854ad2c1-5c62-44ed-8553-b2bd35c56cad | Which of the following is very effective in Rx of acute exacerbation of asthma and status asthmaticus? | Beclomethasone | Budesonide | Ciclesonide | None of the above | 3d | multi | Ans. D. None of the above. (Ref. KDT 6th/224 - 227)KDT 6th/pg. 225........Currently, inhaled steroids are not considered necessary for patients with mild and episodic asthma. They are indicated when inhaled beta2 agnoists are required almost daily or the disease is not only episodic. Peak effect is after 4-7 days of in... | Pharmacology | Asthma |
ec7f76f9-faba-4406-8743-121db3da8f0c | B cells are induced to produce IgE by which of the following | IL-2 | IL-4 | IL-1 | IL-6 | 1b | single | ref : robbins 10th ed | Pathology | All India exam |
a01c700c-1354-41c5-b83f-a86433750487 | Mycobacterium tuberculosis is diffentiated from other atypical mycobacteria by - | Niacin test | AFB staining | PAS staining | None | 0a | multi | null | Microbiology | null |
1e56cddc-84bc-4477-8158-96251e523e4c | cove sensitization is mainly used in | schizoid personality | substance use | mania | schizophrenia | 1b | single | In cove sensitization also called as imagined punishment, the individual who wants to quit alcohol will be asked to think about adverse consequences of taking alcohol like getting arrested for drunken driving or facing a accident underintoxicated state. He would be told to dream as if if he is drunk and lies intoxicate... | Anatomy | Treatment in psychiatry |
bc627485-33a9-4b09-b910-ac6e1c2edf4c | Effective polymerase reaction was repeated for 3 cycleson a DNA molecule. What will be the resultingformation of the copies? | Double number of copies | Three times the number of DNA molecule | Four times the number of DNA molecule | 8 times | 3d | single | . 8 times | Pathology | null |
ffb47a34-1d5e-4d69-8729-2b8b72c882a9 | Most common cause of aificial hea valve infection? | Staphylococcus aureus | Streptococcus mutans | Staph epidermidis | Pneumococcus | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Staph epidermidis Most common cause of prosthetic valve endocarditis upto 12 months is coagulase - negative staphylococci (staph. epidermidis). Most common causes of infective endocarditis In native wall - Staphylococcus aureus. In early prosthetic valve (up to 12 months after valve surgery) - Staphyl... | Microbiology | null |
bf7ef2bd-a740-422f-84f3-89aaa81b5462 | A female patient presents with diffuse alopecia. There is no other significant past or present complain except that she had suffered from typhoid fever 4 months back. What would be the most probable diagnosis is: | Androgenetic alopecia | Telogen effluvium | Anagen effluvium | Alopecia areata | 1b | multi | Ans. B. Telogen effluviumAnagen Effluvium - hair loss during anagen - the onset may be rapid (within 2-4 weeks of the cause). Hair loss may be severe. Causes include: - Chemotherapy drugs (antimitotic agents), Radiotherapy, Malnutrition, Seborrheic dermatitis, Oral contraceptives, Vitamin A poisoning, Iron deficiency, ... | Skin | Alopecia |
09d955a9-574e-4833-9b03-b1430936ec25 | Following operations are used for genital prolapse, EXCEPT: | Fothergill's operation | Fenton's method | Ward Mayo operation | Le Fo operation | 1b | multi | Fenton's method is used for perineoplasty. All others are surgical correction methods of genital prolapse. Types of operation for genital prolapse: Anterior colporrhaphy Colpoperineorrhaphy Repair of enterocele Pelvic floor repair (PFR) Fothergill's or Manchester operation Vaginal hysterectomy with PFR or Ward Mayo's o... | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | null |
1892b1e6-c270-431a-9b34-45f2d8d047c1 | Neo Vscularization of iris is not seen in: | CRVO | Pigment dispersion syndrome | Ocular Ischemic Syndrome | Diabetic retinopathy | 1b | single | Neovascularization of iris is not seen in pigment dispersion syndrome. Neovascularization of Iris. Seen in the conditions where there is VEGF release post inflammation. Can cause neovascular glaucoma. Rx: PRP followed by trabeculectomy/shunt. Causes: PDR CRVO Ocular ischemic syndrome Central Retinal Aery Occlussion Sic... | Ophthalmology | Vitreous Humour, Uveal Disorders |
81501821-32cd-4013-b703-a1ae6fe7d445 | All are transmitted by milk except | Tuberculosis | Brucellosis | Q Fever | Leishmaniasis | 3d | multi | Leishmaniasis is caused by Leishmania donovani. It is a parasitic infection. L.donovani passes its life cycle in 2 hosts, veebrate host ( man and dog), inveebrate host (female sand fly of genus Phlebotomus). The disease is transmitted by the bite of the infected sand fly. In bovine tuberculosis infected cows excreted b... | Microbiology | Bacteriology |
ffd7ed95-0c68-482c-b54f-ce13db7cfa87 | Earliest lesion seen in asbestosis is: | Pleural plaques | Hilar lymphadenopathy | Adenoma lung | Mesothelioma | 0a | single | It is the most common manifestation of asbestosis exposure composed of plaques of dense collagen containing calcium.they are usually asymptomatic and develop on anteroir and postereolateral pas of parietal pleura and over diaphragm.(ref Robbins 9/e p691) | Anatomy | Respiratory system |
741598af-d73d-4968-8b25-42497387376d | A child plays a simple ball game at: | 52 weeks | 36 weeks | 12 weeks | 40 weeks | 0a | multi | Playing a simple ball game comes at 1 year or 52 weeks. | Pediatrics | Social and Language Milestones |
099bc60d-9c8e-434f-9fe6-9d91a6ff88f7 | In Treacher collin's syndrome there is: | Upward sloping of the palpebral fissure | Poorly developed or absence of malar bones | Progenia and mandibular prognathism | No loss of hearing | 1b | single | null | Pathology | null |
b2aa1b73-a758-4992-b86f-9ddd5faaf48a | What is present in the retropharyngeal space ? | Platysma | Loose areolar tissue & lymph nodes | Veebrae | Hypoglossal nerve | 1b | single | Preveebral Fascia anteriorly is separated from the pharynx and buccopharyngeal fascia by the retropharyngeal space containing loose areolar tissue. Neck infections in front of the preveebral fascia in the retropharyngeal space usually arise from suppuration, i.e. formation of pus in the retropharyngeal lymph nodes. Ref... | Anatomy | Head and neck |
1205e5fc-3085-4d21-be23-48d9e58b20ff | All are Lyophilized vaccines except | BCG | Yellow fever | Measeles | Tetanus | 3d | multi | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
4a721608-358e-4f56-9327-7325fb16f1d6 | Nasopalatine cyst arises from | A Embryonic remnants of nasopalatine duct | Cell rest of malassez | Cell rest of serre | Cell remnants of maxillary sinus | 0a | single | Nasopalatine cyst is also known as incisive canal cyst. | Pathology | null |
eba660c6-f703-48a4-803e-7562f949b5f7 | Definitive laboratory diagnosis of acute pancreatitis is done by: | Serum Amylase | Serum Lipase | Hyperglycemia | Hypercalcemia | 1b | single | Answer is B (Serum Lipase) Serum lipase elevation is the most specific laboratory test for establishing a diagnosis of Acute Pancreatitis `A three fold elevated serum lipase value is usually diagnostic of acute pancreatitis' - Harrison Serum Lipase levels and serum amylase levels are both used to establish the diagnosi... | Medicine | null |
b99a45d9-a8da-4822-a118-cfd1baab2912 | In G-6PD deficient patient haemolysis is due to decrease in | H+ | TPP | NADH | NADPH | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e. NADPH Glucose-6-POd dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiencyis an X-linked recessive disorder* that causes episodic hemolytic anemia because of decreased ability of RBCs to deal with oxidative stresses.G6PD is the first and the rate limiting enzyme of the hexose monophosphate shunt (HMP shunt) which is responsi... | Biochemistry | HMP Shunt Pathway, Fructose, Galactose Metabolism |
8919f843-db59-43fc-b77c-b5a2d4f61506 | Macrocytic anemia is not seen in: | Vitamin B12 deficency | Hemolytic anemia | Post haemmorgagic | Anemia of chronic disease | 3d | single | Anemia of chronic disease | Pathology | null |
0556015a-1170-414e-a566-8833a238e891 | Dental pulp is derived from | Cephalic neural crest cells | Mesenchymal cells | Ectodermal cells | Endodermal cells | 0a | single | null | Dental | null |
8eafd0cc-d432-4298-ac65-d8a03d15fc60 | All are true regarding killed polio vaccine except - | Produces circulatory antibody | Does not require stringent refrigeration | Immunity againts paralytic and wild strains | Not effective in an epidemic | 2c | multi | <p> IPV /salk polio vaccine. Strains - Mahoney( salk type 1) MEF1( salk type 2) saukett( salk type 3) Inactivated in formaldehyde. Final vaccine mixture contains 40 units of type1, 8 units of type 2, and 32 units of type3. Administration- intramuscular injection or subcutaneous. Should be refrigerated to ensure no loss... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable diseases |
09f7c6c3-99a6-4238-b44e-e12afa9881f4 | Rapid infusion of blood causes | Acute Left heart failure | Ankle edema | Pulmonary edema | Respiratory Distress | 2c | single | null | Surgery | null |
9e1de97b-a389-490b-890f-f66a8d245ed3 | Nine days following splenectomy, a 13-year- old patient presents with fever and leukocytosis. The chest x-ray shows free air under the diaphragm. What is the most likely diagnosis? | Left lower lobe pneumonia | Postsplenectomy sepsis | Gastric wall ulcer | Left colon perforation | 3d | multi | Colon perforation is likely to show free air under the left hemidiaphragm. A subphrenic abscess presents with fever, leukocytosis, and a left pleural effusion. Gastric wall necrosis may likewise result in perforation with free air. There is air below the diaphragm following laparotomy, but it usually manifests symptoms... | Surgery | Trauma |
f050afe2-c1b9-49b2-a6d7-a2101f2aa212 | Opioid agonist are all fo the following except | Morphine | Codeine | Ketamine | Methadone | 2c | multi | Ketamine | Pharmacology | null |
48762496-af5d-469c-a140-dff2b1b5c924 | Which of the following acts as an acute phase reactant? | Se iron | Se ferritin | TIBC | % of saturation | 1b | single | Ans: b (Serum ferritin) Ref: Rob7th ed, p. 84-85Acute phase reactants: They are a group of plasma proteins which rise during inflammation and trauma.Endotoxin (during an infection) stimulates the release of IL-1 from the Kupffer cells which leads to enhanced hepatic synthesis of the protein.Eg:FerritinHaptoglobulinCRPA... | Pathology | Inflammation & Repair |
e0fab01d-1e44-44e4-b1ce-c3245266720f | Frequency of woods lamp is ? | 365 nm | 400 nm | 320 nm | 200 nm | 0a | single | Ans. is `a' i.e., 360 nm Wood's lamp Wood's lamp has an ultraviolet light lamp (365 nm) with a filter containing nickle oxide and barium silicate. The UV light, when absorbed by ceain substances, fluorescences in dark and the color of fluorescence is useful in diagnosis of the condition. Condition Fluorescent colours T... | Skin | null |
44b383fa-f273-41e0-8741-3d1b5d4992b3 | Maximum chance of spread in accidental needle stick injury is? | Hepatitis B | HIV | Hepatitis C | EBV | 0a | single | Percentage of chances of transmission of infection with accidental stick injury HBsAg positive and HBeAg Positive 22-30% HBsAg positive and HBeAg Negative 1-6% Hepatitis C 1.8-3% HIV 0.3% | Medicine | Hepatitis |
52088ef3-dfd3-4435-843a-7845f368ec83 | A child presented with difficulty in seeing the blackboard at school. His teachers say that he frequently 'squint' his eyes. Most probable cause is: | Hypermetropia | Myopia | Presbyopia | Astigmatism | 1b | single | For the myopic or nearsighted individual, objects nearby are in focus; those at a distance are blurred. This is because the plane of focus is anterior to the retina. The onset is typically at about age 8 years and may progress throughout adolescence and young adulthood. A myopic person may squint to produce a pinhole e... | Ophthalmology | null |
be882a36-439c-4cf1-a46b-603b974b50bf | Alpha rhythm on EEG is seen in: | Awake state | Mental work | Light sleep | Deep sleep | 0a | single | Alpha wave is seen when the person is awake, in a quiet, resting stage of cerebration. Mental work (focused attention) will convert alpha to beta wave. Light sleep converts alpha to theta wave. | Physiology | null |
71f5955d-8da1-490d-9a7e-25a821dd6c34 | Periodontal endoscopes work on the principle of: | Fiberoptics | Magnetorestrictive | Piezoelectric | All of the above | 0a | multi | null | Dental | null |
21f9239d-7fb2-4e1a-ac2c-28406c137851 | Pudendal nerve supplying motor part to external sphincter is derived from - | L5-S1 roots | S1-S2 .roots | L2-L3 roots | S2-S3 roots | 3d | single | Ventral division of sacral plexus gives rise to pudendal nerve. So the root value is S2-4 | Anatomy | null |
4b819843-830e-4f9f-bac5-3737a1992376 | Nerve injured in fracture of medial epicondyle of humerus | Anterior interosseous nerve | Median nerve | Ulnar nerve | Radial nerve | 2c | single | It is more commonly injured than the lateral epicondyle, because the epiphysis of the medial epicondyle appears early and fuses late with the main epiphysis of the lower humerus. This fracture is commonly associated with posterior dislocation of the elbow. It may be associated with an ulnar nerve injury. Ref essential ... | Orthopaedics | Elbow injuries |
89c89c4a-e3a2-4b19-b637-2cee5b2ad1a6 | Hotspot on Tc-99 is seen in which parotid tumour? | Pleomorphic adenoma | Adenoid cystic carcinoma | Acinic cell tumour | Wahin tumour | 3d | single | Wahin tumour, or papillary cystadenoma lymphomatosum, is the second most common benign parotid tumour and occurs most often in older white men. Because of the high mitochondrial content within oncocytes, the oncocyte-rich Wahin tumour and oncocytomas incorporate technetium-99m and appear as hot spots on radionuclide sc... | Surgery | Head and neck |
121a9fa1-6274-4b8f-8f93-59d9b3a602f6 | Grafting done between genetically different individuals of same species is - | Autograft | Allograft | Isograft, | Xenograft | 1b | multi | Ans. is' b' i.e., Allograft o Based on the donor, the graft may be >Autograft (autogenic graft) : Graft from self.Isograft (syngraft) : Graft from a genetically identical person, e.g. identical twin.Allograft (homograft or allogenic graft) : Graft from a genetically unrelated member of same species.Xenograft (heterogra... | Unknown | null |
7f93c965-1823-439d-9bab-9d28510a0225 | All are seen in Tuberous sclerosis except – | Iris nodule | Renal cortical cyst | Rhabdomyoma of heart and lung | Adenoma sebaceum | 0a | multi | Iris nodule (Lisch nodule) is seen in neurofibromatosis (not in tuberous sclerosis). | Dental | null |
fe396688-6e78-426d-b519-41aee7158026 | Nuclei controlling circadian rhythm: | Supra chiasmatic nuclei | Arcuate | Paraventricular | Vestibulocerebellar | 0a | single | null | Physiology | null |
0505f546-a485-44b8-9970-1b03a28a5b6b | Which of the following is a cause for conjugated hyperbilirubinemia? | Massive hematoma | Gilbe's syndrome | Crigler Najir syndrome | Rotor's syndrome | 3d | single | Rotor's syndrome is a congenital illness which causes conjugated hyperbilirubinemia. Dubin's Jhonson syndrome is also a similar condition. Conjugated hyperbilirubinemia results from reduced secretion of conjugated bilirubin into the bile, such as occurs in patients with hepatitis, or it results from impaired flow of bi... | Medicine | null |
cf9a7700-208c-460a-8573-680004f61ca0 | Regan isoenzyme is increased in | Seminoma | Paget's disease | Osteoporosis | Cholestasis | 0a | single | The Regan isoenzyme is a placental-type alkaline phosphatase that is expressed in a number of human tumors, paicularly in gonadal and urologic cancers. Evidence now points to seminoma as a consistent producer of Regan isoenzyme although much more work will be required to establish its clinical utility. Ref: | Biochemistry | Enzymes |
9ea8ebd5-d535-4185-ac49-4055163f4256 | True about Chvostek's sign are all of the following except: March 2010, March 2013 | Denotes neuromuscular hyperexcitability | Elicited over face | Raised calcium level | Facial nerve is stimulated by tapping | 2c | multi | Ans. C: Raised calcium levelPTH is essential for life. After parathyroidectomy, there is a steady decline in the plasma Ca2+ level. Signs of neuromuscular hyperexcitability appear, followed by full-blown hypocalcemic tetany.In humans, tetany is most often due to inadveent parathyroidectomy during thyroid surgery. Sympt... | Physiology | null |
bf81b74e-0619-4e6d-901f-be187e3c0442 | Bacteria not affected by streptogramins is - | E. coli | Staphylococcus aureus | Legionella | M. pneumoniae | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., E. coli o Streptogramins are active against gram-positive cocci and organisms responsible for atypical pneumonia (e.g., M. pneumoniae, Legionella spp., and Chlamydia pneumoniae), but largely inactive against gram-negative organisms, o They are bactericidal against streptococci and many strains of stap... | Unknown | null |
eac3a814-de6e-4725-be72-41f59063ce09 | Function of Larynx is A/E | Phonation | Protect lower respiratory tract from infection | Prevent food regurgitation | Immunity enhancement | 3d | single | (Immunity enhancement): (303-4- Dhingra 5th edition; 577-P Hazarika 3rd)Function of the Larynx1. Primary function is to protect lower respiratory tractProtection of tracheobronchial tree is fascilitated by'Three - tier' sphincter action- Laryngeal elevation - Mylohyoid- Laryngeal tilting - Stylopharyngeous- Cricopharyn... | ENT | Larynx |
58219a51-8797-479f-8553-e15fd8855936 | Which of the following is/are caused by trachoma: | Entropion | Ectropion | Pinguecula | All | 0a | multi | A. i.e. Entropion | Ophthalmology | null |
79983421-a1ac-4556-b1ae-19a9a2451692 | Spider naevi are due to action of - | Estrogen | Androgen | Steroids | Progesterone | 0a | single | The vascular spider, aerial spider or spider angioma or naevus is the most classical vascular lesion that is sometimes a presenting sign of chronic liver disease. Spider telangietasia occur in up to 10-15% of normal individuals and may also be seen in pregnant women (3rd trimester).They may also be seen in thyrotoxicos... | Medicine | Endocrinology |
93fcd8bd-eb5e-4366-b799-7a37c257660f | Indicators of impending uterine rupture during labour include all of the following except: | Fetal distress | Hematuria | Fresh bleeding per vaginum | Passage of meconium | 3d | multi | Signs and symptoms of impending uterine rupture: 1. Non - reassuring FHR- Most common/ most consistent sign - first finding- fetal tachycardia - most common finding - fetal bradycardia 2. Maternal tachycardia 3. Scar tenderness 4. Uterine tenderness and hematuria are other signs | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | Labour - normal, abnormal, malposition, malpresentation and their management |
500b3d90-02ff-4e51-8f92-5c14f8d9b865 | Passive forcible dorsiflexion of foot with knee extended causes pain in the calf. This is called | Moses sign | Homan's sign | Schwartz sign | Fegan's test | 1b | multi | Homan's sign is test for deep vein thrombosis. Passive dorsiflexion of foot with knee extended causes pain in the calf. | Surgery | null |
f1505280-2700-485e-a0db-dd7bb85ac914 | True about SLE is? | Autoimmune disease | Childhood SLE had poor prognosis than adult SLE | Presence of ANA | All are true | 3d | multi | Ans. is 'd' i.e., All are true SLE (sytemic lupus Erythematosus) Autoimmune disorder Inflammation of blood vessel Childhood SLE had poor pnognosis than adult SLE Hall mark of SLE is presence of antinuclean antibody (ANA) More common in female. Malar rash in pathognomic of SLE Non - erosive ahritis Nephritis Encephalopa... | Pediatrics | null |
7af9098a-737d-4332-8a24-992e984594a7 | Bacteria X has an adenine content of 33% in its genome. What is the expected thymine content in the genome of X? | 22% | 33% | 44% | 67% | 1b | single | Adenine= Thymine = 33% In a double stranded DNA, Chargaff's rule is followed Number of Purines = Number of pyrimidine = = = [?] Chargaff's rule is not applicable for RNA and ssDNA. | Biochemistry | Molecular Biology |
96407644-6716-4102-92ba-13dde82b923b | Cerebrospinal fever is due to | Streptococcus pyogenes | Staphylococcus aureus | Neisseria meningitides | None of the above | 2c | multi | (C) Neisseria meningitides # Cerebrospinal meningitis and meningococcal septicaemia are the two main types of meningococcal disease.> Cocci spread from the nasopharynx to the meninges may be directly along the perineural sheath of the olfactory nerve, through the cribriform plate to the subarachnoid space or more proba... | Microbiology | Misc. |
49f1b9a1-ecf4-4054-9b4c-540e8980664e | True about primary aldosteronnism -a) Pedal oedemab) Increased reninc) Increased Na+d) Decreased K.+ e) Hypertension | abd | acd | cde | ade | 2c | multi | null | Medicine | null |
e1772c52-ed5d-4955-b32d-a015d507914c | Harakiri means | Stabbing hea | Cutting the genitalia | Shooting in mouth | Stabbing in abdomen | 3d | single | Harakiri (seppuku) is a form of Japanese ritual suicide by disembowelment. Stab injury in the abdomen (L-shaped), causing instantaneous evisceration of bowel loops. It results in sudden decrease in abdominal pressure and cardiac return resulting in circulatory collapse and death. | Forensic Medicine | Regional injuries |
66daff08-12a5-4605-a6cf-ae1c3d4d5831 | Iceberg phenomena is not seen in | Measles | AIDS | Polio | Rubella | 0a | single | The only source of measles infection is case. Carriers are not know to occur. So, iceberg phonomena is not seen in measles. Ref : Park&;s Textbook of Preventive and Social Medicine; 23rd edition - Pgno 147 | Social & Preventive Medicine | Concept of health and disease |
d144fd46-4dec-4bb1-82b2-bc60d0647332 | Major cell involved in interstitial nephritis - | Eosinophils | Neutrophils | Lymphocytes | Macrophage | 2c | single | Ans. is 'c' i.e., Lymphocyteo Acute interstitial nephritis (AIN) is a renal lesion that causes decline in creatinine clearance and is characterized by inflammatory infiltrate in the kidney interstitium.o The definitive diagnosis of interstitial nephritis is made by biopsyo The major histological changes are interstitia... | Unknown | null |
3d43296f-c18c-49d3-a4d0-67316b0aa7bc | Which of the following are alkylating agents ? a) Cyclophosphamide b) Ifosfamide c) Paclitaxel d) Methotrexate e) Vincristine | ad | c | ab | ac | 2c | single | null | Pharmacology | null |
2a06d1ce-2319-4b87-9027-4ab37b40a9dc | Combined OCPs can be used in all conditions except | Fibroadenoma | Breast cancer | Ectopic pregnancy | Iron deficiency anemia | 1b | multi | Breast cancer is an absolute contraindication for the use in Breast cancer. | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
da11773f-d4cf-441b-968d-d158c68d2f8c | Following statements about sarcoidosis is false? | Elevated level of angiotensin conveing enzyme (ACE) | Bilateral parotid enlargement is the rule | Pleural effusion is common | Facial nerve palsy may be seen | 2c | multi | Answer is C (Pleural Effusion is common): Pleural Effusion is an uncommon atypical manifestation in Sarcoidosis repoed in up to 5 percent of patients. Parotid enlargement is a classic feature of Sarcoidosis and bilateral involvement is the rule. Neurological disease is repoed in 5-10 percent of patients with Sarcoidosi... | Medicine | null |
1d5efdf9-cae7-4c58-945c-3a40278a94d0 | All of the following factors influence hemoglobin dissociation curve, except | Chloride ion concentration | CO2 tension | Temperature | 2–3 DPG levels | 0a | multi | Hb-O2 dissociation curve shift to left indicates more affinity of Hb to O2 and thus less delivery of O2 to tissues.
Shift to left seen in
- Increased pH
- Decreased 2,3 DPG, temperature, PCO2
- HbF (Fetal)
Shift to right seen in
- Decreased pH
- Increased 2,3DPG, temperature, PCO2
- ... | Physiology | null |
51e0da77-e642-4881-a181-401bec3e1a25 | Cancer cells derive nutrition from | Glycolysis | Oxidative phosphorylation | Gluconeogenesis | Glycogenolysis | 0a | single | In fast-growing cancer cells, glycolysis proceeds at a high rate, forming large amounts of pyruvate, which is reduced to lactate and expoed. This produces a relatively acidic local environment in the tumor, which may have implications for cancer therapy. The lactate is used for gluconeogenesis in the liver, an energy-e... | Biochemistry | Metabolism of carbohydrate |
6a58bc9c-43fd-4374-86ca-bf7e832aaa5f | Risk period for maximum fetal damage by congenital rubella - | First trimester of pregnancy | Second trimester of pregnancy | Third trimester of pregnancy | Risk is same throughout the pregnancy | 0a | single | Ans. is 'a' i.e., First trimester of pregnancy In general, the earlier in pregnancy infection occurs, the greater the damage to the fetus. Maximum damage to the fetus occurs when infection is acquired in the first trimester of pregnancy.Rubellao Rubella virus belongs to togavirus family - enveloped RNA virus .o Only on... | Social & Preventive Medicine | Communicable Diseases |
68a1d22b-04e5-44a4-ba27-0efc7b1a0cd9 | A sinus associated with a periapical pathology requires: | Broad spectrum antibiotics | RCT with excision of sinus | RCT with Periapical curettage | RCT with no treatment for sinus | 3d | single | null | Dental | null |
6044a29d-3adf-4a36-9d5e-86aec5d0e01b | Which is not transmitted by Aedes aegypti? | Yellow fever | Dengue | Japanese encephalitis | Filariasis | 2c | single | null | Social & Preventive Medicine | null |
df0d3fd4-19c9-48fa-b1cb-55c6c25174e4 | Intranasal calcitonin is given in ? | Pagets's disease | MEN syndrome | Hypercalcemia | Post menopausal osteoporosis | 3d | single | Ans. is 'd' i.e., Post menopausal osteoporosis o Salmon calcitonin is approved for clinical use. The latter product also is available as a nasal spray, introduced for once-daily treatment of postmenopausal osteoporosis. o For Paget c disease, calcitonin generally is administered by subcutaneous injection because intran... | Pharmacology | null |
cdc381b0-9797-4acd-ab13-08cabf361744 | In embryo, Hemopoiesis is first demonstrable in | Yolk sac | Liver | Spleen | Bone marrow | 0a | single | In the early embryo, hemopoiesis is demonstrable first in the yolk sac, followed by the liver and finally bone marrow.Reference: William&;s Obstetrics; 24th edition; Chapter 7; Embryogenesis and Fetal Morphological Development | Gynaecology & Obstetrics | General obstetrics |
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