question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 21-year-old woman with a history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia comes to the physician because she has not had a menstrual period for 12 months. Menarche occurred at the age of 11 years, and menses occurred at regular 28-day intervals until they became irregular 1 year ago. Physical examination shows normal female g... | Allogeneic bone marrow transplant | {
"A": "Allogeneic bone marrow transplant",
"B": "Müllerian duct agenesis",
"C": "21-hydroxylase deficiency",
"D": "Radiation therapy"
} | step1 | A | [
"21-year-old woman",
"history of acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
"physician",
"not",
"menstrual period",
"12 months",
"Menarche occurred",
"age",
"years",
"menses occurred",
"regular",
"day intervals",
"irregular",
"year",
"Physical examination shows normal female genitalia",
"bimanual ... |
A 20-year-old premedical student travels abroad for a global health service semester and presents to the local clinic with palpitations. She initially dismissed these symptoms as a side effect of working too hard; however, she has been noticing that these episodes have increased in frequency. Otherwise, she has had hea... | Inhibition of metabolite conversion | {
"A": "Cleavage of vesicular SNAP proteins",
"B": "Inhibition of metabolite conversion",
"C": "Inhibition of vesicular transporters",
"D": "Replacement of vesicular contents"
} | step1 | B | [
"20 year old premedical student travels",
"global semester",
"presents",
"local clinic",
"palpitations",
"initially dismissed",
"symptoms",
"side effect",
"working",
"hard",
"episodes",
"increased",
"frequency",
"headaches",
"episodes of sweating",
"members",
"family",
"migraines",... |
A 5-year-old boy presents with a 1-month history of loss of appetite, fatigability, unexplained irritability, and intermittent low-grade fever. The patient’s mother says he also often has bone pain, especially in his lower limbs. Physical examination is significant for the presence of generalized pallor, splenomegaly, ... | t(9;22) | {
"A": "Trisomy 4",
"B": "Trisomy 10",
"C": "t(9;22)",
"D": "t(12;21)"
} | step1 | C | [
"5 year old boy presents",
"month history of loss",
"appetite",
"fatigability",
"unexplained irritability",
"intermittent low-grade fever",
"patients mother",
"often",
"bone pain",
"lower limbs",
"Physical examination",
"significant",
"presence",
"generalized pallor",
"splenomegaly",
"... |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his mother because of a 2-week history of generalized fatigue, intermittent fever, and occasional bleeding from his nose. His temperature is 38.3°C (100.9°F). He appears pale. Physical examination shows cervical lymphadenopathy and multiple petechiae on his trunk. The spl... | Pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia | {
"A": "Hairy cell leukemia",
"B": "Acute myelomonocytic leukemia",
"C": "Pre-B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia",
"D": "T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia"
} | step1 | C | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"2-week history",
"generalized fatigue",
"intermittent fever",
"occasional bleeding from",
"nose",
"temperature",
"3C",
"100 9F",
"appears pale",
"Physical examination shows cervical lymphadenopathy",
"multiple petechiae",
"trunk",
... |
A 67-year-old woman is brought to the clinic by her husband for changes in personality. He reports that 3 years ago she began to forget day-to-day things (e.g., where her keys are and the directions home). She would intermittently forget who her friends are and put the remote in the refrigerator. Recently, the husband ... | B | {
"A": "A",
"B": "B",
"C": "C",
"D": "D"
} | step1 | B | [
"67 year old woman",
"brought",
"clinic",
"husband",
"changes",
"personality",
"reports",
"3 years",
"began",
"forget day-to-day things",
"directions home",
"forget",
"friends",
"put",
"remote",
"refrigerator",
"Recently",
"husband",
"changes in",
"personality",
"more impatie... |
In your outpatient clinic you are seeing a 22-year-old female for her annual check-up. She has a past medical history significant for sexual abuse in her teens. Currently she has no complaints. She reports that her last menstrual period was 1 week ago. Her temperature is 98.5 deg F (36.9 deg C), pulse is 65/min, blood ... | Anorexia nervosa - purging type | {
"A": "Anorexia nervosa - restrictive type",
"B": "Anorexia nervosa - purging type",
"C": "Bulimia nervosa",
"D": "Obsessive compulsive disorder"
} | step1 | B | [
"outpatient clinic",
"seeing",
"year old female",
"annual check-up",
"past medical history significant",
"sexual abuse",
"teens",
"Currently",
"complaints",
"reports",
"last menstrual period",
"1 week",
"temperature",
"98",
"deg F",
"36",
"pulse",
"65 min",
"blood pressure",
"7... |
A 28-year-old G1P0 woman who is 30 weeks pregnant presents to the women's health center for a prenatal checkup. She is concerned that her baby is not moving as much as usual over the past five days. She thinks she only felt the baby move eight times over an hour long period. Her prenatal history was notable for morning... | Biophysical profile | {
"A": "Induction of labor",
"B": "Oxytocin challenge",
"C": "Biophysical profile",
"D": "Inpatient monitoring"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old",
"woman",
"30 weeks pregnant presents",
"women's",
"prenatal checkup",
"concerned",
"baby",
"not moving",
"much",
"usual",
"past five days",
"thinks",
"only felt",
"baby move eight times",
"hour long period",
"prenatal history",
"notable",
"morning sickness",
"pyridoxi... |
A 63-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband for the evaluation of progressive memory loss for the past 5 months. During the last 2 weeks, she has also had problems getting dressed and finding her way back home from the grocery store. She has had several episodes of jerky, repetitive, twitching moveme... | Mutant prion accumulation | {
"A": "Mutant prion accumulation",
"B": "Severe cerebral ischemia",
"C": "Substantia nigra degeneration",
"D": "Decreased CSF absorption"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"63 year old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"husband",
"evaluation of progressive memory loss",
"past",
"months",
"last",
"weeks",
"problems getting dressed",
"finding",
"back home",
"grocery store",
"several episodes of jerky",
"twitching movements",
"resolved",
"used to work",
"... |
A 27-year-old woman presents with right knee pain over the last 3 weeks. The pain is moderate in severity but makes any physical activity that involves bending her knee extremely discomfortable. Her pain worsens with running and squatting, in particular. The patient has no history of medical conditions nor does she hav... | Quadriceps strengthening | {
"A": "Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDS)",
"B": "Colchicine",
"C": "Quadriceps strengthening",
"D": "Intra-articular glycosaminoglycan polysulfate injections"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"27 year old woman presents",
"right",
"last",
"weeks",
"pain",
"moderate",
"severity",
"makes",
"physical activity",
"bending",
"knee extremely",
"pain worsens",
"running",
"squatting",
"patient",
"history of medical conditions",
"immediate",
"similar condition",
"physicians off... |
A 23-year-old woman presents to a medical office for a check-up. The patient has a 5-year history of epilepsy with focal-onset motor seizures and currently is seizure-free on 50 mg of lamotrigine 3 times a day. She does not have any concurrent illnesses and does not take other medications, except oral contraceptive pil... | Recommend 5 mg of folic acid daily with no changes to antiepileptic therapy | {
"A": "Decrease the dose of lamotrigine to 50 mg 2 times a day",
"B": "Recommend 5 mg of folic acid daily with no changes to antiepileptic therapy",
"C": "Recommend 100 μg of vitamin K daily with no changes to antiepileptic therapy",
"D": "No changes or additions to the patient’s regimen are indicated"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"23 year old woman presents",
"medical office",
"check-up",
"patient",
"5 year history of epilepsy",
"focal onset motor seizures",
"currently",
"seizure-free",
"50 mg",
"lamotrigine",
"times",
"day",
"not",
"concurrent illnesses",
"not take",
"medications",
"oral contraceptive pills"... |
A 23-year-old man presents to the emergency department with bloody vomitus. The patient is an alcoholic and has presented similarly before. He is given ondansetron; however, he continues to vomit. The patient complains of sudden substernal chest pain and dysphagia after another bout of vomiting. His temperature is 99°F... | Esophageal rupture | {
"A": "Esophageal rupture",
"B": "Esophageal varices",
"C": "Mallory Weiss syndrome",
"D": "Tension pneumothorax"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"23 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"bloody vomitus",
"patient",
"alcoholic",
"presented",
"given ondansetron",
"continues to vomit",
"patient",
"sudden substernal chest pain",
"dysphagia",
"bout",
"vomiting",
"temperature",
"blood pressure",
"60 mmHg",
"pulse",
"mi... |
A 25-year-old woman presents with fever, rash, abdominal pain, and vaginal discharge for the past 3 days. She describes the pain as moderate, cramping in character, and diffusely localized to the suprapubic region. She says the rash is painless and does not itch. She also complains of associated generalized muscle ache... | Gram-positive cocci in clusters producing superantigens | {
"A": "Gram-positive cocci in clusters producing superantigens",
"B": "Gram-positive bacilli in pairs producing superantigens",
"C": "Gram-negative bacilli in chain producing an endotoxin",
"D": "Gram-positive cocci in chain producing an exotoxin"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"fever",
"rash",
"abdominal pain",
"vaginal discharge",
"past 3 days",
"pain",
"moderate",
"cramping",
"character",
"localized",
"suprapubic region",
"rash",
"painless",
"not itch",
"associated generalized muscle aches",
"vomiting",
"night",
"patient de... |
A 45-year-old man presents to the emergency department with crushing substernal chest pain. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. He drinks 5 alcoholic drinks every night and has a 40 pack-year smoking history. The patient works as a truck driver and leads a sedentary lifestyle.... | CT scan | {
"A": "CT scan",
"B": "Emergency surgery",
"C": "FAST exam",
"D": "Repeat cardiac catheterization"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"crushing",
"chest pain",
"patient",
"past medical",
"diabetes",
"hypertension",
"drinks 5 alcoholic drinks",
"night",
"40 pack-year smoking history",
"patient works",
"truck driver",
"leads",
"sedentary lifestyle",
"initial electrocardi... |
A 48-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of fever, flank pain, and hematuria. He has chronic back pain, for which he has been taking meloxicam for the past 2 weeks. His temperature is 38.9°C (102°F). Physical examination shows a diffuse maculopapular rash over his trunk and extremities. Urina... | Interstitial T-cell infiltration | {
"A": "Mesangial IgA deposition",
"B": "Interstitial T-cell infiltration",
"C": "Papillary necrosis",
"D": "Cortical cyst formation"
} | step1 | B | [
"48 year old man",
"physician",
"2-day history",
"fever",
"flank pain",
"hematuria",
"chronic back pain",
"taking meloxicam",
"past 2 weeks",
"temperature",
"Physical examination shows",
"diffuse maculopapular rash",
"trunk",
"extremities",
"Urinalysis shows",
"RBC/hpf",
"20 WBC/hpf"... |
A 25-year-old woman presents to the emergency department when she was found trying to direct traffic on the highway in the middle of the night. The patient states that she has created a pooled queuing system that will drastically reduce the traffic during rush hour. When speaking with the patient, she does not answer q... | TSH and renal function tests | {
"A": "Clonazepam",
"B": "Restart home SSRI",
"C": "Valproic acid",
"D": "TSH and renal function tests"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"found",
"to direct traffic",
"highway",
"middle",
"night",
"patient states",
"created",
"pooled queuing system",
"traffic",
"rush hour",
"speaking",
"patient",
"not answer questions directly",
"highly distractible",
"speaking very r... |
A 35-year-old lactose intolerant man presents to the outpatient clinic with complaints of numbness and tingling in his fingers and toes for the past month. He also complains of pain in his calf muscles while sleeping; the pain is severe enough to wake him up in the middle of the night. He is a software engineer and spe... | Low serum 25-OH D with low serum calcium levels | {
"A": "Low serum 25-OH D with low serum calcium levels",
"B": "High serum 25-OH D levels with high serum parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels",
"C": "Low alkaline phosphatase levels with low serum PTH levels",
"D": "High serum 25-OH D with high phosphate levels"
} | step1 | A | [
"35 year old lactose intolerant man presents",
"outpatient clinic",
"complaints",
"numbness",
"tingling in",
"fingers",
"toes",
"past month",
"pain",
"calf muscles",
"sleeping",
"pain",
"severe",
"to wake",
"middle",
"night",
"software engineer",
"spends most of",
"time",
"smok... |
A 54-year-old man presents to the emergency department for fatigue and weight loss. He reports feeling increasingly tired over the last several weeks and has lost seven pounds over the last month. His wife has also noticed a yellowing of the eyes. He endorses mild nausea but denies vomiting, abdominal pain, or changes ... | Distended gallbladder | {
"A": "Surface nodularity of the liver",
"B": "Pancreatic pseudocyst",
"C": "Distended gallbladder",
"D": "Multifocal dilation and stricturing of intra- and extrahepatic ducts"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"54 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"fatigue",
"weight loss",
"reports feeling",
"tired",
"weeks",
"lost seven pounds",
"month",
"wife",
"yellowing",
"eyes",
"mild nausea",
"denies vomiting",
"abdominal pain",
"changes in",
"stools",
"Ten years",
"hospitalized",
... |
A 44-year-old man presents to a clinic for the evaluation of difficulty swallowing for the past few days. He says that he has noticed progressively worsening chest pain when he attempts to swallow solids or liquids. He works from a home office, has not had any recent sick contacts, and is currently not sexually active.... | Esophageal candidiasis | {
"A": "Cytomegalovirus esophagitis",
"B": "Esophageal candidiasis",
"C": "Herpes esophagitis",
"D": "Medication-induced esophagitis"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"evaluation",
"difficulty swallowing",
"past",
"days",
"worsening chest pain",
"attempts to swallow solids",
"liquids",
"works",
"home office",
"not",
"recent sick contacts",
"currently not sexually active",
"medical history includes AIDS",
"current m... |
A 57-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of feeling tired all the time. She states her symptoms began several months ago, around the time that her husband committed suicide. Since then she has had thoughts of joining her husband. She complains of feeling excessively weak and st... | Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies | {
"A": "Anti-DNA topoisomerase antibodies",
"B": "Anti-nuclear antibodies",
"C": "Anti-histidyl-tRNA synthetase antibodies",
"D": "Anti-thyroid peroxidase antibodies"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"57 year old female presents",
"primary care physician",
"chief complaint",
"feeling tired",
"time",
"states",
"symptoms began several months",
"time",
"husband committed suicide",
"then",
"thoughts",
"husband",
"feeling excessively weak",
"states",
"longer",
"energy to go",
"attribu... |
A 55-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by ambulance after being found disoriented. He has limited ability to communicate in English but indicates that he has left flank pain and a fever. Chart review reveals that he has diabetes and sleep apnea but both are well controlled. He also has a 30-pack-year ... | Increased hematocrit | {
"A": "Aniridia",
"B": "Gynecomastia",
"C": "Increased hematocrit",
"D": "Jaundice"
} | step1 | C | [
"55 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"ambulance",
"found disoriented",
"limited ability",
"communicate",
"English",
"left flank pain",
"fever",
"Chart review reveals",
"diabetes",
"sleep apnea",
"well controlled",
"30 pack-year smoking history",
"lost",
"20 pounds",
... |
A 52-year-old woman with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a 1-day history of severe pain and swelling of her left great toe. She has had similar episodes sporadically over the past 3 years. She drinks 6 beers daily. She does not smoke or use illicit drugs. She is allergic to h... | Reversible inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis | {
"A": "Reversible inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis",
"B": "Irreversible inhibition of cyclooxygenase",
"C": "Selective inhibition of cyclooxygenase-2",
"D": "Irreversible inhibition of xanthine oxidase"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old woman",
"hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"physician",
"1-day history",
"severe pain",
"swelling",
"left great toe",
"similar episodes sporadically",
"past",
"years",
"drinks",
"beers daily",
"not smoke",
"use illicit",
"allergic",
"hydrochlorothiazide",
"glipiz... |
A 4th grade class in Salem, Massachusetts has 20 students. Due to recent media coverage of the fallacious association between vaccines and autism, none of the students have been immunized against influenza this year. Fortunately, up to this point none of the students has come down with the flu. During the first week of... | 0.17 | {
"A": "0.1",
"B": "0.17",
"C": "0.25",
"D": "0.5"
} | step1 | B | [
"4th grade class",
"Massachusetts",
"20 students",
"Due to recent media coverage",
"association",
"vaccines",
"autism",
"students",
"influenza",
"year",
"point",
"students",
"down",
"flu",
"first week",
"flu season",
"2 students contract influenza",
"second week",
"3",
"student... |
A 67-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for abdominal pain. The patient states that he has had abdominal pain for the past month that has been steadily worsening. In addition, he endorses weight loss and general fatigue. The patient has a past medical history of obesity, diabetes, and hypertension. His... | CT scan of the abdomen | {
"A": "Colonoscopy",
"B": "CT scan of the abdomen",
"C": "CT scan of the chest",
"D": "Lower extremity ultrasound"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"67 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"abdominal pain",
"patient states",
"abdominal pain",
"past month",
"worsening",
"addition",
"weight loss",
"general fatigue",
"patient",
"past medical",
"diabetes",
"hypertension",
"current medications include metformin",
"insulin"... |
A 16-year-old boy comes to the physician because his parents are concerned about his persistently poor performance at school. He has had increased impulsivity and has difficulty making and keeping friends. On questioning, he reports that he is being bullied by his classmates for his high-pitched voice, thin build, and ... | Breast cancer | {
"A": "Breast cancer",
"B": "Aortic dissection",
"C": "Optic glioma",
"D": "Acute leukemia"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old boy",
"physician",
"parents",
"concerned",
"persistently poor performance",
"school",
"increased impulsivity",
"difficulty making",
"keeping friends",
"questioning",
"reports",
"bullied",
"classmates",
"high-pitched voice",
"thin build",
"poor grades",
"percentile",
"heig... |
A 31-year-old man presents with a several-month history of foot sensory changes. He has noticed that he has a hard time telling the difference between a hardwood floor and carpet beneath his feet. He's also had a couple of falls lately; these falls were not preceded by any lightheadedness or palpitations. He is adopted... | Referral to physical therapy | {
"A": "Aspirin",
"B": "Cilostazol",
"C": "Referral to orthopedic surgery",
"D": "Referral to physical therapy"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"31 year old man presents",
"month history",
"foot sensory changes",
"hard time",
"difference",
"floor",
"carpet",
"feet",
"couple",
"falls",
"falls",
"not preceded",
"lightheadedness",
"palpitations",
"adopted",
"family history",
"unknown",
"physical exam",
"leg",
"foot muscul... |
A 34-year-old man comes to the physician because of increasing lower back and neck pain for the past 7 months. The pain is worse in the morning and improves when he plays basketball. He has noticed shortness of breath while playing for the past 2 months. He is sexually active with 2 female partners and uses condoms inc... | Tenderness at the Achilles tendon insertion site | {
"A": "Paresthesia over the anterolateral part of the thigh",
"B": "Nail pitting and separation of the nail from the nailbed",
"C": "Tenderness at the Achilles tendon insertion site",
"D": "Ulnar deviation of the fingers bilaterally"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"increasing lower back",
"neck pain",
"past",
"months",
"pain",
"worse",
"morning",
"improves",
"plays basketball",
"shortness of breath",
"playing",
"past",
"months",
"sexually active",
"female partners",
"uses condoms",
"appears lethargic",
"vital... |
A 43-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital after a fall. When the emergency services arrived, she was unresponsive, did not open her eyes, but responded to painful stimuli. The witnesses say that she had convulsions lasting about 30 seconds when she lost consciousness after a traumatic event. On her way to the ho... | Lumbar puncture | {
"A": "Brain MRI",
"B": "Lumbar puncture",
"C": "Angiography",
"D": "Sonography"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman",
"admitted",
"hospital",
"fall",
"emergency services arrived",
"unresponsive",
"not open",
"eyes",
"painful stimuli",
"witnesses",
"convulsions lasting",
"30 seconds",
"lost consciousness",
"traumatic event",
"hospital",
"regained consciousness",
"On admission",
"i... |
A 65-year-old man presents with hypercholesterolemia. Family history is significant for multiple cardiac deaths and other cardiovascular diseases. The patient reports a 40-pack-year smoking history. BMI is 28 kg/m2. Total cholesterol is 255 mg/dL and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) is more than 175 mg/dL. Lifestyle and d... | Atorvastatin | {
"A": "Colestipol",
"B": "Glyceryl trinitrate",
"C": "Gemfibrozil",
"D": "Atorvastatin"
} | step1 | D | [
"65 year old man presents",
"hypercholesterolemia",
"Family history",
"significant",
"multiple cardiac deaths",
"cardiovascular diseases",
"patient reports",
"40 pack-year smoking history",
"BMI",
"kg/m2",
"Total cholesterol",
"mg/dL",
"low-density lipoprotein",
"more",
"mg/dL",
"Lifes... |
A 27-year-old male basketball player presents to his primary care physician for a normal check-up. He has not been seen by a physician in ten years. He reports that he feels well and has no complaints. His temperature is 98.6°F (37°C), blood pressure is 110/70 mmHg, pulse is 85/min, and respirations are 16/min. On exam... | Aortic aneurysm | {
"A": "Aortic aneurysm",
"B": "Septic arthritis",
"C": "Hyperparathyroidism",
"D": "Aortic stenosis"
} | step1 | A | [
"27 year old male basketball",
"presents",
"primary care physician",
"normal check-up",
"not",
"seen by",
"physician",
"ten years",
"reports",
"feels well",
"complaints",
"temperature",
"98",
"blood pressure",
"70 mmHg",
"pulse",
"85 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"examination",
... |
A 59-year-old man comes to your clinic accompanied by his wife complaining of nausea and dizziness. He reports that he is unsure when his symptoms started, but they have been affecting him for “a while.” It began as episodes of “unsteadiness” and progressed to a feeling of “spinning.” He cannot tell if his symptoms cha... | Low-salt diet | {
"A": "Epley maneuver",
"B": "Low-salt diet",
"C": "Meclizine",
"D": "Thiamine"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"59 year old man",
"clinic",
"wife",
"nausea",
"dizziness",
"reports",
"unsure",
"symptoms started",
"affecting",
"began",
"episodes of unsteadiness",
"progressed",
"feeling",
"spinning",
"symptoms change",
"position",
"reports",
"not",
"nauseous",
"symptoms",
"wife reports",... |
A 1710-g (3.77-lb) male newborn is delivered to a 27-year-old woman at 33 weeks' gestation. Pregnancy was uncomplicated, but the mother had a cold and sore throat 2 months before delivery that resolved spontaneously. The newborn appears lethargic. He is at the 15th percentile for height and weight and at the 1st percen... | Congenital CMV infection | {
"A": "Crigler-Najjar syndrome",
"B": "Congenital Zika virus infection",
"C": "Fetal alcohol syndrome",
"D": "Congenital CMV infection"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"g",
"male newborn",
"delivered",
"27 year old woman",
"weeks",
"gestation",
"Pregnancy",
"uncomplicated",
"mother",
"cold",
"sore throat",
"months",
"delivery",
"resolved",
"newborn appears lethargic",
"percentile",
"height",
"weight",
"1st percentile",
"head circumference",
... |
A 14-year-old Asian girl is brought to the physician because of a 6-week history of fatigue. During this period, she has had a 3-kg (6.6-lb) weight loss and intermittent low-grade fevers. She also reports recurrent episodes of pain in her left wrist and right knee. She has no personal history of serious illness. Her au... | Anti-dsDNA antibodies | {
"A": "Anti-citrullinated peptide antibodies",
"B": "Positive monospot test",
"C": "Anti-dsDNA antibodies",
"D": "Elevated serum IgA levels"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old Asian girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"week history",
"fatigue",
"period",
"3 kg",
"6.6",
"weight loss",
"intermittent low-grade fevers",
"reports recurrent episodes of pain",
"left wrist",
"right knee",
"personal history",
"serious illness",
"aunt",
"rheumatoid arthritis",
... |
An 18-year-old man is brought to the emergency department due to the confusion that started earlier in the day. His parents report that the patient had recovered from vomiting and diarrhea 3 days ago without medical intervention. They mention that although nausea and vomiting have resolved, the patient continued to hav... | Capillary blood glucose measurement | {
"A": "ECG",
"B": "Abdominal ultrasound",
"C": "CT of the abdomen",
"D": "Capillary blood glucose measurement"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"confusion",
"started earlier",
"day",
"parents report",
"patient",
"recovered",
"vomiting",
"diarrhea 3 days",
"medical",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"resolved",
"patient continued to",
"diffuse abdominal",
"decreased appetite",
"Past... |
A previously healthy 6-week-old infant is brought to the emergency department because of fever, fatigue, and dry cough for the past 24 hours. She has been feeding poorly and has had difficulty latching on when breastfeeding since this started. She has also had nasal congestion. The mother reports that her daughter has ... | Respiratory syncytial virus | {
"A": "Parainfluenza virus",
"B": "Respiratory syncytial virus",
"C": "Rhinovirus",
"D": "Streptococcus agalactiae"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"healthy",
"week old infant",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"fever",
"fatigue",
"dry cough",
"past 24 hours",
"feeding poorly",
"difficulty latching",
"breastfeeding",
"started",
"nasal congestion",
"mother reports",
"daughter",
"not",
"diapers",
"usual",
"born",
"uncompli... |
A 25-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of a 1-week-history of progressively worsening dyspnea and intermittent chest pain that increases on inspiration. He had an upper respiratory tract infection 2 weeks ago. His pulse is 115/min and blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg. Examination shows inspiratory cr... | Elevated brain natriuretic peptide | {
"A": "Sarcomere duplication",
"B": "Elevated brain natriuretic peptide",
"C": "Opening snap with low-pitched diastolic rumble",
"D": "Electrical alternans"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"emergency department",
"1-week history",
"worsening dyspnea",
"intermittent chest",
"increases",
"inspiration",
"upper respiratory tract infection",
"weeks",
"pulse",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"100 65 mm Hg",
"Examination shows inspiratory crackles",
"serum troponin I",
... |
A 32-year-old G1P0 woman presents to the emergency department at 34 weeks gestation. She complains of vague upper abdominal pain and nausea which has persisted for 2 weeks, as well as persistent headache over the past several days. Her temperature is 99.0°F (37.2°C), blood pressure is 164/89 mmHg, pulse is 88/min, resp... | Cesarean section | {
"A": "Betamethasone",
"B": "Cesarean section",
"C": "Magnesium",
"D": "Platelet transfusion"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old",
"woman presents",
"emergency department",
"weeks gestation",
"vague upper abdominal pain",
"nausea",
"2 weeks",
"persistent headache",
"past",
"days",
"temperature",
"99",
"blood pressure",
"mmHg",
"pulse",
"88 min",
"respirations",
"min",
"oxygen saturation",
"98",... |
A 4-year-old girl is brought to the emergency department by her mother after a fall in the park. Her mother reports a history of spontaneous frequent falls and delayed development for which calcium and iron supplementations were prescribed by their family physician. She has been on antibiotic therapy for the last 2 day... | α- fetoprotein | {
"A": "Lymphocytes",
"B": "Serum calcium",
"C": "α- fetoprotein",
"D": "Random blood glucose"
} | step1 | C | [
"4 year old girl",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"mother",
"fall",
"park",
"mother reports",
"history of spontaneous frequent falls",
"delayed development",
"calcium",
"iron supplementations",
"prescribed",
"family physician",
"antibiotic therapy",
"last 2 days",
"cough",
"vital... |
A 42-year-old African American woman presents to the physician’s office complaining of sudden onset chest pain. She describes the pain as sharp, non-radiating with improvement when she is sitting up and leaning forward. She denies fever, chills, or a cough, but she has had swollen hands and wrists for the past 3 weeks.... | Anti-histone antibodies | {
"A": "Anti-histone antibodies",
"B": "Anti-cardiolipin antibodies",
"C": "Anti-mitochondrial antibodies",
"D": "Anti-cyclic citrullinated antibodies"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old African American woman presents",
"physicians office",
"of sudden onset chest pain",
"pain",
"sharp",
"non radiating",
"improvement",
"sitting up",
"forward",
"denies fever",
"chills",
"cough",
"swollen hands",
"wrists",
"past",
"weeks",
"Medical history",
"significant",
... |
A 47-year-old man with alcoholic cirrhosis is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 20 minutes after being involved in a high-speed motor vehicle collision. His pulse is 120/min, respirations are 28/min and labored, and blood pressure is 70/40 mm Hg. Physical examination shows ecchymoses over the trunk and a... | Organ-independent elimination | {
"A": "Prolonged depolarization",
"B": "Highest potency",
"C": "Organ-independent elimination",
"D": "Quickest onset of action"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man",
"alcoholic cirrhosis",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"ambulance 20 minutes",
"involved",
"high speed motor vehicle collision",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"labored",
"blood pressure",
"70 40 mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows ecchymoses",
"trunk",
"ab... |
Scientists are studying human lung development by trying to identify which proteins and signaling factors trigger lung bud division and bronchiole branching. Their main focus is particularly around the 20th week of gestation, during which terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory bronchioles and further into alveola... | Canalicular | {
"A": "Embryonic",
"B": "Pseudoglandular",
"C": "Canalicular",
"D": "Saccular"
} | step1 | C | [
"Scientists",
"studying human lung development",
"to",
"proteins",
"signaling factors trigger lung bud division",
"bronchiole branching",
"main focus",
"week",
"gestation",
"terminal bronchioles branch",
"respiratory bronchioles",
"further",
"alveolar ducts",
"following phases",
"embryon... |
A 68-year-old male with congestive heart failure recently had his medication regiment adjusted to better control his hypertension. Three weeks later, laboratory analysis shows his serum calcium and magnesium levels have both decreased. The diuretic used in this patient acts predominantly on which nephron segment: | Thick ascending loop of Henle | {
"A": "Proximal tubule",
"B": "Descending loop of Henle",
"C": "Thick ascending loop of Henle",
"D": "Distal tubule"
} | step1 | C | [
"68 year old male",
"congestive heart failure recently",
"medication",
"adjusted to better control",
"hypertension",
"Three weeks later",
"laboratory analysis shows",
"serum calcium",
"magnesium levels",
"decreased",
"diuretic used",
"patient acts",
"nephron segment"
] |
A researcher is trying to decipher how mRNA codons contain information about proteins. He first constructs a sequence of all cytosine nucleotides and sees that a string of prolines is synthesized. He knows from previous research that information is encoded in groups of 3 so generates the following sequences: ACCACCACC,... | Wobble hypothesis | {
"A": "Covalent alterations",
"B": "Translational proofreading",
"C": "Trimming of proteins",
"D": "Wobble hypothesis"
} | step1 | D | [
"researcher",
"to decipher",
"mRNA codons contain information",
"proteins",
"first constructs",
"sequence",
"cytosine nucleotides",
"sees",
"string",
"prolines",
"synthesized",
"previous research",
"information",
"encoded",
"groups",
"3 so",
"following sequences",
"sees",
"new am... |
A 50-year-old man presents to an ophthalmologist with progressive decrease in his visual acuity over the last 6 months. He also mentions that he has become excessively sensitive to light over the same duration. Past medical history is significant for schizophrenia diagnosed in early adulthood which has been managed wit... | Chlorpromazine | {
"A": "Chlorpromazine",
"B": "Clozapine",
"C": "Thioridazine",
"D": "Ziprasidone"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"50 year old man presents",
"ophthalmologist",
"progressive decrease in",
"visual acuity",
"last",
"months",
"excessively sensitive to light",
"same duration",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"schizophrenia diagnosed",
"early adulthood",
"managed",
"antipsychotic medication",
"pas... |
Eight hours after undergoing successful cholecystectomy, a 65-year-old man with scoliosis complains of shortness of breath. Respirations are 28/min and pulse oximetry on room air shows an oxygen saturation of 85%. Physical examination shows kyphotic deformation of the thorax. Cardiopulmonary examination shows intercost... | Collapsed alveoli | {
"A": "Collapsed alveoli",
"B": "Embolus in the pulmonary artery",
"C": "Fluid in the pleural space",
"D": "Air trapped in the pleural space"
} | step1 | A | [
"Eight hours",
"successful cholecystectomy",
"65-year-old man",
"scoliosis",
"of shortness",
"breath",
"Respirations",
"min",
"pulse oximetry",
"room air shows",
"oxygen",
"85",
"Physical examination shows kyphotic deformation",
"thorax",
"Cardiopulmonary examination shows intercostal re... |
A 41-year-old man is brought to the emergency department 3 hours after falling while mountain biking and hitting his head. Initially, he refused treatment, but an hour ago he began to develop a severe headache, nausea, and left leg weakness. He has no visual changes and is oriented to person, time, and place. His tempe... | Subfalcine herniation | {
"A": "Upward brainstem herniation",
"B": "Subfalcine herniation",
"C": "Central transtentorial herniation",
"D": "Extracranial herniation"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"hours",
"falling",
"mountain biking",
"hitting",
"head",
"Initially",
"refused treatment",
"hour",
"began to",
"severe headache",
"nausea",
"left",
"visual changes",
"oriented to person",
"time",
"place",
"temperature",
"98"... |
A 39-year-old woman presents to the emergency department with right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort for the past couple of hours. She says that the pain is dull in nature and denies any radiation. She admits to having similar episodes of pain in the past which subsided on its own. Her temperature is 37°C (99.6°F), ... | Cholecystectomy | {
"A": "Cholecystectomy",
"B": "Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)",
"C": "Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)",
"D": "No further treatment required"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"right upper quadrant abdominal discomfort",
"past couple",
"hours",
"pain",
"dull",
"nature",
"denies",
"radiation",
"admits to",
"similar episodes of pain",
"past",
"temperature",
"99",
"respirations",
"min",
"pulse",
"min",
... |
A 4-year-old male presents with a 1-year history of swaying while walking and recent episodes of tripping when ambulating. He has trouble trying to sit and get up from chairs, as well as walking up the stairs to his bedroom. On physical exam, the pediatrician notices nystagmus, absent deep tendon reflexes, significant ... | Von Gierke's disease | {
"A": "Osteogenesis imperfecta",
"B": "Von Gierke's disease",
"C": "Menke's disease",
"D": "Leber hereditary optic neuropathy"
} | step1 | B | [
"4 year old male presents",
"year history",
"walking",
"recent episodes of tripping",
"ambulating",
"sit",
"get",
"chairs",
"walking",
"stairs",
"bedroom",
"physical exam",
"pediatrician",
"nystagmus",
"absent deep tendon reflexes",
"significant loss",
"proprioceptive sensation",
"... |
A 2-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of progressive headaches, dizziness, and recurrent episodes of vomiting for 3 weeks. He has a history of surgical removal of a sac-like protuberance on his lower back soon after birth. Neurologic examination shows ataxia. Fundoscopy shows bilateral optic disk swellin... | Chiari II malformation | {
"A": "Chiari II malformation",
"B": "Ependymoma",
"C": "Dandy-Walker malformation",
"D": "Medulloblastoma"
} | step1 | A | [
"2 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"progressive headaches",
"dizziness",
"recurrent episodes of vomiting",
"3 weeks",
"history",
"surgical",
"sac",
"protuberance",
"lower back",
"birth",
"Neurologic examination shows ataxia",
"Fundoscopy shows bilateral optic disk swelling",
"MR... |
A 39-year-old man presents to the primary care physician complaining of 6 months of increasing dyspnea and non-productive cough. He has a past medical history of asthma, hypertension, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia. On examination, you notice that he takes shallow breaths and the respiratory rate is 22/min. On auscu... | Amiodarone | {
"A": "Amiodarone",
"B": "Verapamil",
"C": "Propranolol",
"D": "Candesartan"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"months",
"increasing dyspnea",
"non-productive cough",
"past medical",
"hypertension",
"obesity",
"hypercholesterolemia",
"examination",
"takes shallow breaths",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"auscultation",
"rales",
"wheezes",
"grade"... |
A previously healthy 13-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department by his parents for the evaluation of several episodes of vomiting since this morning. He reports nausea and severe headache. Over the past four days, he has had fever, a runny nose, and a sore throat. His mother gave him an analgesic drug that ... | Hepatic mitochondrial injury | {
"A": "Infection with hepatitis A virus",
"B": "Hepatic mitochondrial injury",
"C": "Antifreeze ingestion",
"D": "Autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta cells"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"healthy",
"year old boy",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"parents",
"evaluation of",
"episodes",
"vomiting",
"morning",
"reports nausea",
"severe headache",
"past four days",
"fever",
"runny nose",
"sore throat",
"mother gave",
"analgesic drug",
"uses",
"rheumatoid arthritis... |
A 12-year-old boy presents with a 3-day history of frothy brown urine. He does not complain of any other symptoms. He notes that 3 weeks ago he had a fever with a sore throat, but he did not receive any treatment at the time. His blood pressure is 152/94 mm Hg, heart rate is 72/min, respiratory rate is 15/min, and temp... | Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer | {
"A": "Urine Gram stain",
"B": "Urine catecholamine assessment",
"C": "Antistreptolysin O (ASO) titer",
"D": "Stool sample"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old boy presents",
"3-day history",
"frothy brown",
"not",
"symptoms",
"notes",
"3 weeks",
"fever",
"sore",
"not receive",
"treatment",
"time",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"72 min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temperature",
"98",
"Review",
"medical record... |
A 78-year-old male has been hospitalized for the past 3 days after undergoing a revision left total hip replacement. Over the past several hours, the nursing staff reports that the patient has exhibited fluctuating periods of intermittent drowsiness and confusion where he has been speaking to nonexistent visitors in hi... | Possible etiologies include infection, trauma, or polypharmacy | {
"A": "Anticholinergic medications may alleviate his symptoms",
"B": "Beta-amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles are pathologic findings associated with this condition",
"C": "The condition is typically irreversible, representing a common complication of aging",
"D": "Possible etiologies include infectio... | step1 | D | [
"year old male",
"hospitalized",
"past 3 days",
"revision left total hip replacement",
"past",
"hours",
"nursing staff reports",
"patient",
"exhibited fluctuating periods",
"intermittent drowsiness",
"confusion",
"speaking",
"hospital room",
"patient's daughter",
"present",
"reports",
... |
A 64-year-old woman comes to the physician because of worsening intermittent nausea and burning pain in her upper abdomen for 4 hours. She has not had retrosternal chest pain, shortness of breathing, or vomiting. She has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. She has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years... | Atrial gallop | {
"A": "Decrescendo diastolic murmur",
"B": "Ventricular gallop",
"C": "Atrial gallop",
"D": "Muffled heart sounds"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"64 year old woman",
"physician",
"worsening intermittent nausea",
"burning pain in",
"upper abdomen",
"4 hours",
"not",
"retrosternal chest pain",
"shortness",
"breathing",
"vomiting",
"hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"20 years",
"on... |
A 62-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a 2-day history of fatigue, exertional dyspnea, and the sensation of his heartbeat roaring in the ears. He informs you that he recently had an acute upper respiratory infection. He is a retired car salesman, and he informs you that he and his partner enjoy tra... | Direct Coombs Test | {
"A": "Serum ferritin",
"B": "Radioallergosorbent test (RAST)",
"C": "Hemoglobin electrophoresis",
"D": "Direct Coombs Test"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"62 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"2-day history",
"fatigue",
"exertional dyspnea",
"sensation",
"heartbeat roaring",
"ears",
"informs",
"recently",
"acute upper respiratory infection",
"retired car salesman",
"informs",
"partner",
"traveling",
"medical history",
"s... |
A 25-year-old G1P0 gives birth to a male infant at 33 weeks’ gestation. The mother immigrated from Sudan one month prior to giving birth. She had no prenatal care and took no prenatal vitamins. She does not speak English and is unable to provide a medical history. The child’s temperature is 101.0°F (38.3°C), blood pres... | Togavirus | {
"A": "Togavirus",
"B": "Protozoan",
"C": "Herpesvirus",
"D": "Spirochete"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old",
"gives birth",
"male infant",
"weeks gestation",
"mother",
"Sudan one month",
"giving birth",
"prenatal care",
"took",
"prenatal vitamins",
"not speak English",
"unable to provide",
"medical history",
"childs temperature",
"3C",
"blood pressure",
"90 50 mmHg",
"pulse",
... |
A 9-year-old boy is brought to the physician’s office by his mother because of facial swelling for the past 2 days. The mother says that her son has always been healthy and active but is becoming increasingly lethargic and now has a puffy face. Upon inquiry, the boy describes a foamy appearance of his urine, but denies... | Decreased glomerular oncotic pressure | {
"A": "Decreased glomerular oncotic pressure",
"B": "Increased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule",
"C": "Decreased hydrostatic pressure in the Bowman's capsule",
"D": "Decreased oncotic pressure in the Bowman's capsule"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physicians office",
"mother",
"facial swelling",
"past 2 days",
"mother",
"son",
"always",
"healthy",
"active",
"lethargic",
"now",
"puffy face",
"inquiry",
"boy",
"foamy appearance of",
"urine",
"denies",
"blood in",
"urine",
"urinary frequency"... |
A 25-year-old female is brought to the physician by her mother who is concerned about her recent behaviors. The mother states that her daughter has been collecting “useless items” in her apartment over the last year. When she tried to persuade her daughter to throw away several years’ worth of old newspapers, her daugh... | High dose SSRI for hoarding disorder | {
"A": "Cognitive behavioral therapy for obsessive-compulsive disorder",
"B": "Admission to psychiatric facility",
"C": "High dose SSRI for hoarding disorder",
"D": "Tricyclic antidepressant for hoarding disorder"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old female",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"concerned",
"recent behaviors",
"mother states",
"daughter",
"collecting",
"items",
"apartment",
"last year",
"to",
"daughter",
"throw",
"years",
"old newspapers",
"daughter",
"angry outburst",
"refused",
"speak",
"two w... |
A 7-year-old girl with a history of painful crises and impaired growth presents for evaluation of sickle cell disease. You perform hemoglobin gel electrophoresis, and diagnose her with homozygous sickle cell disease. Which of the gel electrophoresis lanes in the image is hers? | Lane 4 | {
"A": "Lane 2",
"B": "Lane 3",
"C": "Lane 4",
"D": "Lane 7"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old girl",
"history",
"painful crises",
"impaired growth presents",
"evaluation",
"sickle cell disease",
"perform hemoglobin gel",
"diagnose",
"homozygous sickle cell disease",
"gel electrophoresis lanes",
"image"
] |
A 45-year-old male presents to your office following a diagnosis of an autosomal dominant disease. He has started therapy and has a strong family support system. He endorses a decrease in appetite over the last two weeks that he attributes to sadness surrounding his diagnosis and a depressed mood but denies any suicida... | Caudate and putamen atrophy | {
"A": "Caudate and putamen atrophy",
"B": "Depigmentation of the substantia nigra pars compacta",
"C": "Atrophy of the subthalamic nucleus",
"D": "Lesion in the vermis"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old male presents",
"office following",
"diagnosis",
"autosomal dominant disease",
"started therapy",
"strong family",
"decrease in appetite",
"last two weeks",
"attributes to sadness surrounding",
"diagnosis",
"depressed mood",
"denies",
"suicidal ideation",
"continues",
"working"... |
A 2-week-old neonate in the intensive care unit presents as severely ill. His mother says he was a bit irritated earlier this week, and his condition deteriorated quickly. It is apparent that he is in constant pain. He could not be fed easily and vomited three times since yesterday alone. The physical examination is re... | Surgery | {
"A": "Hyperbaric oxygen",
"B": "Epinephrine",
"C": "Surgery",
"D": "Surfactants"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"2-week old neonate",
"intensive care unit presents",
"severely ill",
"mother",
"bit",
"earlier",
"week",
"condition deteriorated",
"apparent",
"constant pain",
"not",
"fed easily",
"vomited three times",
"alone",
"physical examination",
"distended abdomen",
"diminished bowel sounds"... |
A 36-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine health maintenance examination. He has a 20-year history of seizure disorder characterized by sudden-onset, periodic, jerking movements of both arms and lip smacking. He has a history of intravenous cocaine use. His temperature is 37.1°C (98.8°F), pulse is 80/min, ... | Phenytoin | {
"A": "Phenytoin",
"B": "Carbamazepine",
"C": "Topiramate",
"D": "Phenobarbital"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"36 year old man",
"physician",
"routine health maintenance examination",
"20 year history of seizure disorder characterized",
"sudden-onset",
"periodic",
"jerking movements",
"arms",
"lip smacking",
"history of intravenous cocaine use",
"temperature",
"98",
"pulse",
"80 min",
"respirati... |
A 65-year-old man is brought to his primary care provider by his concerned wife. She reports he has had this "thing" on his eye for years and refuses to seek care. He denies any pain or discharge from the affected eye. A picture of his eye is shown below. Given the diagnosis, what are you most likely to discover when t... | He grew up in Ecuador, where he worked outdoors as a farmer for 30 years | {
"A": "He experienced shingles three years ago, with a positive Hutchinson's sign",
"B": "He suffered from recurrent conjunctivitis in his youth",
"C": "He grew up in Ecuador, where he worked outdoors as a farmer for 30 years",
"D": "He suffered a burn to his eye while cleaning his bathroom with bleach 5 years... | step2&3 | C | [
"65 year old man",
"brought",
"primary care provider",
"wife",
"reports",
"thing",
"eye",
"years",
"refuses to",
"care",
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"discharge from",
"affected eye",
"picture",
"eye",
"shown",
"Given",
"diagnosis",
"most likely to discover",
"taking",
"patient",
"i... |
A 17-year-old girl is brought to the physician by her mother for the evaluation of irregular menstrual bleeding. Menses have occurred at 60- to 90-day intervals since menarche at the age of 12 years. Her last menstrual period was 4 weeks ago. She is sexually active with one male partner, and they use condoms consistent... | Combination oral contraceptives | {
"A": "Danazol",
"B": "Leuprolide",
"C": "Metformin",
"D": "Combination oral contraceptives"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old girl",
"brought",
"physician",
"mother",
"evaluation",
"irregular menstrual bleeding",
"Menses",
"occurred",
"60",
"90 day intervals",
"menarche at",
"age",
"years",
"last menstrual period",
"4 weeks",
"sexually active",
"one male partner",
"use condoms",
"reports",
"... |
A 31-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department 25 minutes after sustaining a gunshot wound to the neck. She did not lose consciousness. On arrival, she has severe neck pain. She appears anxious. Her temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 105/min, respirations are 25/min, and blood pressure is 100/70 mm Hg. ... | CT angiography | {
"A": "Surgical exploration",
"B": "CT angiography",
"C": "Barium swallow",
"D": "Laryngoscopy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"31 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"minutes",
"sustaining",
"gunshot",
"neck",
"not",
"consciousness",
"arrival",
"severe neck",
"appears anxious",
"temperature",
"98",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"100 70 mm Hg",
"Pulse oximet... |
During protein translation the triplet code of mRNA is read by a ribosome and assisted elongation and translation factors until it reaches a stop codon labeled: UAA, UAG, or UGA. Then, when a stop codon is reached, a releasing factor binds, removing the peptide from the active ribosome and completing translation. What ... | Nonsense mutation | {
"A": "Nonsense mutation",
"B": "Missense mutation",
"C": "Basepair wobble",
"D": "Single nucleotide polymorphism"
} | step1 | A | [
"protein translation",
"triplet code",
"mRNA",
"read",
"ribosome",
"assisted",
"translation factors",
"reaches",
"stop codon labeled",
"UGA",
"Then",
"stop codon",
"reached",
"releasing factor binds",
"removing",
"peptide",
"active ribosome",
"completing translation",
"happen",
... |
A 9-hour-old newborn female is found in the newborn nursery with a diffuse swelling of the scalp not present at birth. The child was born at 38 weeks of gestation to a 28-year-old gravida 3. The mother went into spontaneous labor, but the delivery was complicated by a prolonged second stage of labor. A vacuum-assisted ... | Between scalp and galea aponeurosis | {
"A": "Between scalp and galea aponeurosis",
"B": "Between periosteum and galea aponeurosis",
"C": "Between periosteum and skull",
"D": "Between dura and arachnoid mater"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"hour old newborn female",
"found",
"newborn nursery",
"diffuse swelling",
"scalp not present at birth",
"child",
"born",
"weeks of gestation",
"year old gravida 3",
"mother",
"spontaneous labor",
"delivery",
"complicated",
"prolonged second stage of labor",
"vacuum assisted vaginal deli... |
A 36-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after a high-speed motor vehicle collision. Her temperature is 36.5°C (97.7°F), pulse is 120/min, respirations are 24/min, and blood pressure is 100/65 mm Hg. Examination shows second and third-degree burns covering 30% of the surface area of her body. Intraven... | Hyperkalemia | {
"A": "Hyperphosphatemia",
"B": "Hypermagnesemia",
"C": "Hyperkalemia",
"D": "Hypernatremia"
} | step1 | C | [
"36 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"high speed motor vehicle collision",
"temperature",
"36",
"97",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"blood pressure",
"100 65 mm Hg",
"Examination shows second",
"third-degree burns covering 30",
"of",
"surface area",
"bod... |
An energy drink that claims to improve athletic performance is being investigated by a group of scientists for its mechanism of action. Although its exact mode of action is unknown, an active substance in the drink is thought to increase the activity of an ATPase involved in muscle contraction. By radiolabeling the act... | II (represented on image as H band) | {
"A": "I (represented on image as I band)",
"B": "II (represented on image as H band)",
"C": "III (represented on image as A band)",
"D": "V (represented on image as M line)"
} | step1 | B | [
"energy drink",
"to",
"athletic performance",
"investigated",
"a group",
"scientists",
"mechanism of action",
"exact mode of action",
"unknown",
"active substance",
"drink",
"thought to increase",
"activity",
"ATPase involved",
"muscle",
"radiolabeling",
"active substance",
"scient... |
A 58-year-old man presents with a high-grade fever, throbbing left-sided headache, vision loss, and left orbital pain. He says that his symptoms started acutely 2 days ago with painful left-sided mid-facial swelling and a rash, which progressively worsened. Today, he woke up with complete vision loss in his left eye. H... | Histopathological examination shows non-septate branching hyphae | {
"A": "It produces conidiospores",
"B": "It appears as a narrow-based budding yeast with a thick capsule",
"C": "Histopathological examination shows non-septate branching hyphae",
"D": "Histopathological examination shows acute angle branching hyphae"
} | step1 | C | [
"58 year old man presents",
"high-grade fever",
"throbbing left-sided headache",
"vision loss",
"left orbital pain",
"symptoms started",
"2 days",
"painful left-sided",
"facial swelling",
"rash",
"worsened",
"Today",
"woke up",
"complete vision loss",
"left eye",
"past medical history"... |
A 35-year-old woman presents to the emergency room with chest pain. She describes the chest pain as severe, 9/10, sharp in character, and diffusely localized to anterior chest wall. She also says she is sweating profusely and feels like “she is about to die”. She has presented to at least 4 different emergency rooms ov... | Paroxetine | {
"A": "Paroxetine",
"B": "Benzodiazepine",
"C": "Phenelzine",
"D": "Nortriptyline"
} | step1 | A | [
"35 year old woman presents",
"emergency room",
"chest pain",
"chest pain",
"severe",
"10",
"sharp",
"character",
"localized",
"anterior chest wall",
"sweating",
"feels",
"to die",
"presented to",
"different emergency rooms",
"past month",
"similar episodes",
"resolve",
"minutes"... |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up examination. He has suffered from seizures since the age of 8 months. His mother has noticed he often has unprovoked bouts of laughter and loves playing with water. She describes him as having a happy, excitable demeanor. He can stand without support but cann... | Microdeletion of maternal 15q11-q13 | {
"A": "Microdeletion of maternal 15q11-q13",
"B": "Microdeletion of paternal 15q11-q13",
"C": "MECP2 gene mutation",
"D": "Microdeletion of 22q11.2"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"suffered",
"seizures",
"age",
"months",
"mother",
"often",
"bouts",
"laughter",
"loves playing",
"water",
"happy",
"excitable demeanor",
"stand",
"support",
"walk",
"responses",
"rarely verbal",
"uses singl... |
A 29-year-old African-American woman, gravida 4, para 0, comes to the physician for evaluation of recurrent abortions. Each pregnancy resulted in spontaneous abortion in the second trimester. The patient has a history of joint pain, chronic migraines, and recurrent poorly defined, macular skin rashes. She also reports ... | Test for anticardiolipin antibodies | {
"A": "Test for cryoglobulins",
"B": "Hysteroscopy",
"C": "Test for anticardiolipin antibodies",
"D": "Blood smear for sickle cells"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"29 year old African-American woman",
"gravida 4",
"para 0",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"recurrent abortions",
"pregnancy resulted",
"spontaneous abortion",
"second trimester",
"patient",
"history",
"joint pain",
"chronic migraines",
"recurrent poorly defined",
"macular skin rashes",
"... |
An investigator is studying the structural characteristics of pathogenic viruses. Cell cultures infected by different viruses are observed under a scanning electron microscope. One of the cell samples is infected by a virus that has an envelope composed of nuclear membrane molecules. The most likely virus that has infe... | Shingles | {
"A": "Yellow fever",
"B": "Shingles",
"C": "Ebola",
"D": "Condylomata acuminata\n\""
} | step1 | B | [
"investigator",
"studying",
"structural characteristics",
"pathogenic viruses",
"Cell infected",
"different viruses",
"observed",
"scanning electron microscope",
"One",
"cell samples",
"infected",
"virus",
"envelope",
"nuclear membrane molecules",
"most likely virus",
"infected",
"ce... |
A 23-year-old man comes to the physician because of a 2-day history of profuse watery diarrhea and abdominal cramps. Four days ago, he returned from a backpacking trip across Southeast Asia. Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes and decreased skin turgor. Stool culture shows gram-negative, oxidase-positive, c... | Grows well in medium with pH of 9 | {
"A": "Acts by activation of guanylate cyclase",
"B": "Infection commonly precedes Guillain-Barré syndrome",
"C": "Grows well in medium with pH of 9",
"D": "Forms spores in unfavorable environment"
} | step1 | C | [
"23 year old man",
"physician",
"2-day history",
"watery diarrhea",
"abdominal cramps",
"Four days",
"returned",
"trip",
"Southeast Asia",
"Physical examination shows dry mucous membranes",
"decreased skin turgor",
"Stool culture shows gram negative",
"oxidase positive",
"curved rods",
"... |
A 74-year-old man presents to the clinic for a routine health checkup. He has been hypertensive for the past 20 years, and he has had congestive heart failure for the past 2 years. He is currently on captopril and claims to be compliant with his medication. His most recent echocardiogram report shows that his ejection ... | Hyperkalemia | {
"A": "Hyperkalemia",
"B": "Gynecomastia",
"C": "Azotemia",
"D": "Alkalosis"
} | step1 | A | [
"74 year old man presents",
"clinic",
"routine health checkup",
"hypertensive",
"past 20 years",
"congestive heart failure",
"past",
"years",
"currently",
"captopril",
"to",
"compliant",
"medication",
"most recent echocardiogram report shows",
"ejection fraction",
"decreasing",
"phys... |
An 18-month-old boy is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He was born at term and has been healthy since. He can walk alone and run. He feeds himself with a spoon and can drink from a cup. He can scribble. He babbles and says 'mama'. He points to show objects in which he has interest. He is at 40th ... | Audiology evaluation | {
"A": "Speech therapy",
"B": "Audiology evaluation",
"C": "Cranial imaging",
"D": "Cover-uncover test"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"month old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"well",
"born",
"term",
"healthy",
"walk alone",
"run",
"feeds",
"spoon",
"drink",
"cup",
"scribble",
"babbles",
"mama",
"points to show objects",
"interest",
"percentile",
"height",
"weight",
"Physical examination shows",
"abnorma... |
A previously healthy 35-year-old woman comes to the emergency department because of a sudden onset of difficulty breathing that began when she woke up that morning. She also reports a dry cough and chest pain that is worse with inspiration. She does not smoke, drink alcohol, or use illicit drugs. Her only medication is... | Measure fibrin degradation products | {
"A": "Start noninvasive positive pressure ventilation",
"B": "Measure fibrin degradation products",
"C": "Perform pulmonary angiography",
"D": "Order ventilation and perfusion scintigraphy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"healthy 35 year old woman",
"emergency department",
"sudden onset",
"difficulty breathing",
"began",
"woke up",
"morning",
"reports",
"dry cough",
"chest pain",
"worse",
"inspiration",
"not smoke",
"drink alcohol",
"use illicit",
"only medication",
"oral contraceptive",
"temperatu... |
A group of researchers conducted various studies on hepatitis C incidence and prevalence. They noticed that there is a high prevalence of hepatitis C in third-world countries, where it has a significant impact on the quality of life of the infected individual. The research group made several attempts to produce a vacci... | Antigenic variation | {
"A": "Tolerance",
"B": "Antigenic variation",
"C": "Non-DNA genome",
"D": "Polysaccharide envelope"
} | step1 | B | [
"A group",
"researchers conducted various studies",
"hepatitis C incidence",
"prevalence",
"a high prevalence",
"hepatitis C",
"third-world countries",
"significant impact on",
"quality of life",
"infected individual",
"research group made several attempts to",
"vaccine",
"prevents hepatitis... |
A 32-year-old man with Crohn disease is brought to the emergency department after he fainted at work. He says that he has been feeling increasingly fatigued and weak over the last several weeks though he has not previously had any episodes of syncope. On presentation he is found to be pale and agitated. A panel of lab ... | Inflammation of the jejunum | {
"A": "Gastrointestinal blood loss",
"B": "Inflammation of the duodenum",
"C": "Inflammation of the ileum",
"D": "Inflammation of the jejunum"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old man",
"Crohn disease",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"fainted",
"work",
"feeling",
"fatigued",
"weak",
"weeks",
"not",
"episodes of syncope",
"presentation",
"found to",
"pale",
"agitated",
"panel",
"lab tests",
"performed showing",
"following",
"Hemoglobin",
... |
A previously healthy 48-year-old man comes to the physician for a 3-month history of myalgias and recurrent episodes of retrosternal chest pain and dizziness. He has had a 5-kg (11-lb) weight loss during this period. His temperature is 39.1°C (102.3°F), pulse is 90/min, and blood pressure is 160/102 mm Hg. Physical exa... | Transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis on arterial biopsy | {
"A": "Multinuclear giant cells with elastic membrane fragmentation on arterial biopsy",
"B": "Transmural inflammation with fibrinoid necrosis on arterial biopsy",
"C": "Pulmonary artery microaneurysms on pulmonary angiography",
"D": "Presence of anti-myeloperoxidase antibodies in the serum"
} | step1 | B | [
"healthy 48 year old man",
"physician",
"3 month history",
"myalgias",
"recurrent episodes of retrosternal",
"dizziness",
"5 kg",
"weight loss",
"period",
"temperature",
"pulse",
"90 min",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"Physical examination shows lacy",
"discoloration of",
"skin",
"mu... |
A 70-year-old man is brought to the emergency department for the evaluation of worsening upper abdominal pain that he first noticed this morning after waking up. The pain is of tearing and burning quality and radiates to his back. Yesterday, he underwent an upper endoscopy and was diagnosed with gastritis and a large h... | Contrast esophagography with gastrografin | {
"A": "Coronary angiography",
"B": "Contrast-enhanced CT of the aorta",
"C": "Esophagogastroduodenoscopy",
"D": "Contrast esophagography with gastrografin"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"70 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"evaluation",
"worsening upper abdominal pain",
"first",
"morning",
"waking",
"pain",
"tearing",
"burning quality",
"radiates",
"back",
"upper endoscopy",
"diagnosed",
"gastritis",
"large hiatal hernia",
"hypertension",
"hyper... |
An investigator is studying the principles of cell-to-cell signaling of the autonomic nervous system. It is found that the adrenal medulla has receptors that, when activated, result in the immediate opening of Na+, Ca2+, and K+ channels, which subsequently leads to the secretion of epinephrine and norepinephrine. These... | NM receptors of the quadriceps femoris muscle | {
"A": "H2 receptors of the stomach",
"B": "M2 receptors of heart",
"C": "D2 receptors of the basal ganglia",
"D": "NM receptors of the quadriceps femoris muscle"
} | step1 | D | [
"investigator",
"studying",
"cell-to-cell signaling",
"autonomic nervous system",
"found",
"adrenal medulla",
"receptors",
"activated",
"result",
"immediate opening",
"Na",
"Ca2",
"K",
"channels",
"leads",
"secretion",
"epinephrine",
"norepinephrine",
"receptors",
"similar",
... |
A 28-year-old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of five episodes of painful oral ulcers over the past year. During this period, he has also had two painful genital ulcers that healed without treatment. He reports frequently having diffuse joint pain, malaise, and low-grade fever. There is no personal or fam... | Behcet disease | {
"A": "Chancroid",
"B": "Herpes simplex virus infection",
"C": "Behcet disease",
"D": "Systemic lupus erythematosus"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation of five episodes",
"painful oral ulcers",
"past year",
"period",
"two painful genital ulcers",
"healed",
"treatment",
"reports frequently",
"diffuse joint",
"malaise",
"low-grade fever",
"personal",
"family history",
"serious illness",
"Syria"... |
A 50-year-old man with acute myeloid leukemia undergoes multiple chemotherapeutic regimens but does not enter remission. His oncologist suggests that he enroll in a trial for a new medication that causes intercalation of DNA during the G2 phase of the cell cycle. Which of the following anti-cancer agents is this new ag... | Bleomycin | {
"A": "5-Fluorouracil",
"B": "Bleomycin",
"C": "Cisplatin",
"D": "Paclitaxel"
} | step1 | B | [
"50 year old man",
"acute myeloid leukemia",
"multiple chemotherapeutic regimens",
"not enter remission",
"oncologist suggests",
"trial",
"new medication",
"causes intercalation",
"DNA",
"G2 phase",
"cell cycle",
"following anti-cancer agents",
"new agent",
"similar"
] |
A 45-year-old woman comes to the physician because of shortness of breath while lying on her back over the past month. During this period, she has also had several episodes of bloody coughing. The patient reports that she had a heart problem when she was a child that was treated with antibiotics. She emigrated to the U... | Mitral valve stenosis | {
"A": "Aortic valve stenosis",
"B": "Pulmonary valve stenosis",
"C": "Mitral valve stenosis",
"D": "Aortic valve regurgitation"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"of shortness",
"breath",
"lying on",
"back",
"past month",
"period",
"several episodes of bloody coughing",
"patient reports",
"heart problem",
"child",
"treated with antibiotics",
"Russia",
"years",
"family history",
"serious illness",
"Pulmonary ex... |
A 7-year-old child with a history of abdominal and thigh pain that runs in his family is brought into the emergency room by his mother. His mother states they have a "blood disease." She also states the child was coughing and had fever to 101.1 F over the last three days and has been suddenly feeling much worse. On exa... | Aplastic anemia | {
"A": "Aplastic anemia",
"B": "Iron deficiency anemia",
"C": "Folate deficiency anemia",
"D": "Hypersplenism associated anemia"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"7 year old child",
"history",
"abdominal",
"thigh pain",
"runs in",
"family",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"mother",
"mother states",
"blood disease",
"states",
"child",
"coughing",
"fever",
"F",
"last three days",
"feeling",
"worse",
"exam",
"BP 100 60",
"RR 20",
"T",
... |
A 56-year-old man comes to the physician for evaluation of gradually worsening fatigue, increased urinary frequency, and blurry vision for 5 months. He has not seen a doctor in several years. Physical examination shows decreased vibratory sense and proprioception in the lower extremities. His hemoglobin A1c is 10.4%. T... | Glimepiride | {
"A": "Metformin",
"B": "Pioglitazone",
"C": "Glimepiride",
"D": "Acarbose"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"worsening fatigue",
"increased urinary frequency",
"blurry vision",
"months",
"not seen",
"doctor",
"years",
"Physical examination shows decreased vibratory sense",
"proprioception",
"lower extremities",
"hemoglobin A1c",
"10.4",
"Treatment",... |
A 9-month-old infant is brought the pediatrician for immunizations and assessment. His parents report that he is eating well and produces several wet diapers every day. He is a happy and curious child. The boy was born at 39 weeks gestation via spontaneous vaginal delivery. He is up to date on all vaccines and is meeti... | Ventricular septal defect | {
"A": "Atrial septal defect",
"B": "Ventricular septal defect",
"C": "Tetralogy of Fallot",
"D": "Patent ductus arteriosus"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"month old infant",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"immunizations",
"assessment",
"parents report",
"eating well",
"several wet diapers",
"day",
"happy",
"curious child",
"boy",
"born",
"weeks gestation",
"spontaneous vaginal delivery",
"date",
"vaccines",
"meeting",
"developmental m... |
A 3-year-old male is brought to the ER with a sore throat and fever. Examination of the pharynx reveals a dark, inflammatory exudate. Cysteine-tellurite agar culture produces black, iridescent colonies. Microscopic features of the causal organism most likely include which of the following? | Metachromic granules | {
"A": "Serpentine growth patterns",
"B": "Metachromic granules",
"C": "Lancet-shape",
"D": "Long, branching filaments"
} | step1 | B | [
"3 year old male",
"brought",
"ER",
"sore throat",
"fever",
"Examination of",
"pharynx reveals",
"dark",
"inflammatory exudate",
"Cysteine tellurite agar culture",
"black",
"iridescent colonies",
"Microscopic features",
"causal organism",
"likely include",
"following"
] |
A 30-year-old Caucasian male presents with hemoptysis and uremia. Blood tests show the presence of anti-basement membrane antibodies specific for collagen located in glomerular and pulmonary basement membranes. The patient undergoes plasmapheresis to help reduce the amount of anti-basement membrane antibodies. Which of... | Myasthenia gravis | {
"A": "Myasthenia gravis",
"B": "Systemic lupus erythematosus",
"C": "A PPD test",
"D": "Poison ivy rash"
} | step1 | A | [
"30 year old Caucasian male presents",
"hemoptysis",
"uremia",
"Blood tests show",
"presence",
"basement membrane antibodies specific",
"collagen",
"glomerular",
"pulmonary basement membranes",
"patient",
"plasmapheresis to help",
"amount",
"basement membrane antibodies",
"following diseas... |
Immunology researchers attempt to characterize the role of several cytokines in a 5-year-old male’s allergic reaction to peanuts. Months after initial exposure to peanuts, the child was brought to the ER due to repeat exposure with symptoms of anaphylaxis that resolved following epinephrine injection and supportive the... | B cell class switching | {
"A": "B cell class switching",
"B": "Stimulates IgA production",
"C": "Macrophage and Th1 cell activation",
"D": "Growth of cytotoxic T cells"
} | step1 | A | [
"Immunology researchers attempt to",
"role",
"cytokines",
"5 year old males allergic reaction",
"peanuts",
"Months",
"initial exposure",
"peanuts",
"child",
"brought",
"ER due repeat exposure",
"symptoms",
"anaphylaxis",
"resolved following epinephrine injection",
"supportive therapy",
... |
A microbiology graduate student was given a swab containing an unknown bacteria that caused an ear infection in a seven-year-old girl. The student identified the bacteria as a gram-positive, catalase-negative cocci producing green rings around the colonies when grown on blood agar. Which of the following characteristic... | Positive quellung reaction | {
"A": "Growth in bile and 6.5% NaCl",
"B": "Bacitracin-resistant",
"C": "Bacitracin-sensitive",
"D": "Positive quellung reaction"
} | step1 | D | [
"microbiology graduate student",
"given",
"swab containing",
"unknown bacteria",
"caused",
"ear infection",
"seven year old girl",
"student identified",
"bacteria",
"gram-positive",
"catalase-negative cocci",
"green rings",
"colonies",
"blood agar",
"following characteristics",
"associ... |
A 34-year-old woman comes to the physician because of recent fatigue and weakness that is exacerbated by cross-country skiing. Four weeks ago, she was diagnosed with pneumonia; sputum cultures on Eaton agar showed organisms that lacked a cell wall. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor and cyanosis of the fing... | Erythrocytes coated with autoantibodies | {
"A": "Neutrophils with hypersegmented nuclei",
"B": "Erythrocytes with denatured hemoglobin inclusions",
"C": "Erythrocytes with basophilic granules",
"D": "Erythrocytes coated with autoantibodies"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"recent fatigue",
"weakness",
"exacerbated",
"cross-country skiing",
"Four weeks",
"diagnosed",
"pneumonia",
"sputum cultures",
"agar showed organisms",
"lacked",
"cell wall",
"Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor",
"cyanosis",
"fingertips",
"... |
A 31-year-old man with no medical history presents to his provider for infertility. He states that he and his partner have had unprotected intercourse for 1 year and have been unable to conceive. Upon further workup, he is determined to have antisperm antibodies (ASA), but he does not have any other signs or labs sugge... | Occludins | {
"A": "Connexons",
"B": "E-cadherins",
"C": "Integrins",
"D": "Occludins"
} | step1 | D | [
"31 year old man",
"medical history presents",
"provider",
"infertility",
"states",
"partner",
"unprotected intercourse",
"year",
"unable to",
"further workup",
"to",
"antisperm antibodies",
"not",
"signs",
"labs suggesting systemic autoimmune disease",
"breakdown",
"following",
"p... |
A 54-year-old man presents to the office for consultation regarding the results of recent laboratory studies. Medical history includes stage 3 chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus type 2, and hypertension, which is currently well controlled with lisinopril and furosemide. The vital signs include: temperature 36.7°... | Simvastatin | {
"A": "Ezetimibe",
"B": "Fenofibrate",
"C": "Fish oil",
"D": "Simvastatin"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"54 year old man presents",
"office",
"consultation",
"results",
"recent laboratory studies",
"Medical history includes stage 3 chronic kidney disease",
"diabetes mellitus type 2",
"hypertension",
"currently well controlled",
"lisinopril",
"furosemide",
"vital signs include",
"temperature 36... |
A 7-year-old boy is brought to his pediatrician for evaluation of a sore throat. The sore throat began 4 days ago and has progressively worsened. Associated symptoms include subjective fever, pain with swallowing, cough, and fatigue. The patient denies any cough or rhinorrhea. Vital signs are as follows: T 38.6 C, HR 8... | Perform rapid antigen detection test | {
"A": "Prescribe 10-day course of penicillin",
"B": "Recommend acetaminophen for symptomatic relief",
"C": "Prescribe acyclovir",
"D": "Perform rapid antigen detection test"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
"evaluation",
"sore throat",
"sore throat began 4 days",
"worsened",
"Associated symptoms include subjective fever",
"pain with swallowing",
"cough",
"fatigue",
"patient denies",
"cough",
"rhinorrhea",
"Vital signs",
"follows",
"T",
"88",
... |
A previously healthy 21-year-old college student is brought to the emergency department because of a 10-hour history of increasing headache, stiff neck, and sensitivity to light. He returned from a mission trip to Haiti 3 weeks ago where he worked in a rural health clinic. He appears lethargic. He is oriented to person... | Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine | {
"A": "Fluconazole therapy",
"B": "Inactivated whole-cell vaccine",
"C": "Toxoid vaccine",
"D": "Polysaccharide conjugate vaccine"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"healthy 21-year-old college student",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"of a 10 hour history",
"increasing headache",
"stiff neck",
"sensitivity to light",
"returned",
"mission trip",
"Haiti",
"weeks",
"worked",
"rural health clinic",
"appears lethargic",
"oriented to person",
"plac... |
A 66-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician because of a severely painful right ear with discharge for 10 days. The ear pain was acute in onset and is constant. She has been using over-the-counter eardrops but her symptoms have worsened. Her only medication is insulin, which she uses incons... | Intravenous ciprofloxacin | {
"A": "Oral clarithromycin",
"B": "Topical clotrimazole",
"C": "Intravenous ciprofloxacin",
"D": "Intravenous trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"66 year old woman",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"physician",
"of",
"severely painful right ear",
"discharge",
"10 days",
"ear pain",
"acute",
"onset",
"constant",
"using over-the-counter",
"symptoms",
"worsened",
"only medication",
"insulin",
"uses",
"temperature",
"pulse",
"m... |
A 74-year-old woman presents to the emergency department for shortness of breath and bilateral lower extremity pitting edema. She has had exacerbations like this in the past and notes that she has not been taking her home heart medications as scheduled. Review of systems is negative for any other symptoms including GI,... | No treatment | {
"A": "Ceftriaxone",
"B": "Levofloxacin",
"C": "Nitrofurantoin",
"D": "No treatment"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"74 year old woman presents",
"emergency department",
"shortness of breath",
"bilateral lower extremity pitting edema",
"exacerbations",
"past",
"notes",
"not",
"taking",
"home heart medications",
"scheduled",
"Review of systems",
"negative",
"symptoms including GI",
"urinary",
"muscul... |
A 5-year-old girl presents to the emergency room due to difficulty walking. According to her parents, she has been complaining of pain in her right leg for the last few days. Her neighbor’s cat bit her last week and her parents attributed the pain to her healing bite. At the time of the bite they cleaned the wound and ... | Ampicillin and sulbactam | {
"A": "Amoxicillin",
"B": "Vancomycin",
"C": "Flucanozole",
"D": "Ampicillin and sulbactam"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"5 year old girl presents",
"emergency room",
"difficulty walking",
"parents",
"pain",
"right leg",
"days",
"neighbors cat bit",
"last week",
"parents attributed",
"pain",
"healing bite",
"time",
"bite",
"cleaned",
"wound",
"irrigated",
"sterile",
"first aid kit",
"past medical... |
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