question stringlengths 66 3.58k | answer stringlengths 1 230 | options dict | meta_info stringclasses 2
values | answer_idx stringclasses 4
values | metamap_phrases listlengths 1 184 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
A 33-year-old G1P0 at 32 weeks gestation presents to her OB/GYN for a prenatal check-up. Her medical history is significant for type II pregestational diabetes mellitus, which has been well-controlled with diet and insulin so far throughout her pregnancy. Which of the following is the recommended future follow-up for t... | Twice weekly nonstress test now until delivery | {
"A": "Monitor fetal kick counts starting now until 40 weeks gestation",
"B": "Monthly nonstress test strating at 34 weeks gestation until delivery",
"C": "Monthly biophysical profile now until delivery",
"D": "Twice weekly nonstress test now until delivery"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old",
"weeks presents",
"OB/GYN",
"prenatal check-up",
"medical history",
"significant",
"type II",
"diabetes mellitus",
"well",
"diet",
"insulin",
"far",
"pregnancy",
"following",
"recommended future follow-up",
"patient"
] |
A 64-year-old Caucasian male presents to the cardiologist complaining of chest pain. He describes the pain as spontaneous and radiating to his back, ears, and neck. He denies dyspnea on exertion. The patient is referred for an upper GI barium swallow, shown in image A. Which of the following would you most expect to fi... | Abnormal esophageal manometry | {
"A": "Abnormal coronary angiogram",
"B": "Abnormal esophageal biopsy",
"C": "Abnormal pulmonary function tests",
"D": "Abnormal esophageal manometry"
} | step1 | D | [
"64 year old Caucasian male presents",
"cardiologist",
"of chest pain",
"pain",
"spontaneous",
"radiating to",
"back",
"ears",
"neck",
"denies dyspnea on exertion",
"patient",
"referred",
"upper GI barium swallow",
"shown",
"image",
"following",
"most",
"to find",
"further workup... |
A 55-year-old African American male presents to his primary care physician with complaints of persistent back pain and fatigue over 12 months. Physical examination reveals a blood pressure of 190/150 mm Hg, and laboratory tests reveal hyperlipidemia and a serum creatinine level of 3.0 mg/dL. 4.5 g of protein are excret... | Multiple myeloma | {
"A": "Membranous nephropathy",
"B": "Drug-induced acute tubular necrosis",
"C": "Multiple myeloma",
"D": "Malignant hypertension"
} | step1 | C | [
"55 year old African American male presents",
"primary care physician",
"complaints of persistent back pain",
"fatigue",
"12 months",
"Physical examination reveals",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"laboratory tests reveal hyperlipidemia",
"serum creatinine level",
"3.0 mg/dL",
"4.5 g of protein",
... |
A 47-year-old man comes to the physician for a follow-up examination. He feels well. He was diagnosed with hypertension 3 months ago. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 20 years but quit 4 years ago. He occasionally drinks alcohol on the weekends. He walks for 45 minutes daily and eats three meals per day. ... | Counsel on dietary modification | {
"A": "Add metoprolol",
"B": "Measure thyroid-stimulating hormone levels",
"C": "Counsel on dietary modification",
"D": "Conduct a sleep study\n\""
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"physician",
"follow-up examination",
"feels well",
"diagnosed",
"hypertension",
"months",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"20 years",
"quit",
"years",
"occasionally drinks alcohol",
"weekends",
"walks",
"45 minutes daily",
"eats three meals",
"day",
"curre... |
An anxious mother brings her daughter into the clinic on her 5th birthday. She was forwarded a recent email by her aunt that stated that the pesticide-coated fruit in school lunches is the number one killer in children in the modern era. You assure her that that pesticides are not the number one killer, nor are they ev... | Unintentional injury, malignant neoplasms, congenital anomalies | {
"A": "Heart disease, malignant neoplasms, chronic lower respiratory disease",
"B": "Unintentional injury, malignant neoplasms, congenital anomalies",
"C": "Malignant neoplasms, heart disease, unintentional injury",
"D": "Unintentional injury, suicide, malignant neoplasms"
} | step1 | B | [
"anxious mother",
"daughter",
"clinic",
"5th",
"forwarded",
"recent email",
"aunt",
"stated",
"pesticide coated fruit",
"school lunches",
"number one killer",
"children",
"era",
"pesticides",
"not",
"number one killer",
"top three killers",
"children",
"age group",
"top causes ... |
A 21-year-old college student is brought to the emergency department in a state of confusion. He also had one seizure approx. 45 minutes ago. He was complaining of fever and headache for the past 3 days. There was no history of nausea, vomiting, head trauma, sore throat, skin rash, or abdominal pain. Physical examinati... | CT scan of the brain | {
"A": "CT scan of the brain",
"B": "Electroencephalography",
"C": "Intensive care unit referral",
"D": "Lumbar puncture"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"21-year-old college student",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"state",
"confusion",
"one seizure",
"45 minutes",
"fever",
"headache",
"past 3 days",
"history",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"head trauma",
"sore throat",
"skin rash",
"abdominal pain",
"Physical examination reveals",
"... |
A 72-year-old man comes to the physician for a routine physical examination. He says that he has felt well except for occasional headaches. He has no history of major medical illness. His temperature is 37°C (98.6°F), pulse is 80/min, and blood pressure is 155/90 mm Hg. An ultrasound of the kidneys shows a normal right... | Abdominal bruit | {
"A": "Elevated urine metanephrines",
"B": "Abdominal bruit",
"C": "Polycythemia",
"D": "Hematuria"
} | step1 | B | [
"72 year old man",
"physician",
"routine physical examination",
"felt well",
"occasional headaches",
"history of major medical illness",
"temperature",
"98",
"pulse",
"80 min",
"blood pressure",
"90 mm Hg",
"ultrasound of",
"kidneys shows",
"normal right kidney",
"left kidney",
"2",
... |
A 55-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes mellitus comes to the physician for evaluation of worsening tingling of her feet at night for the last 6 months. Two years ago, she underwent retinal laser photocoagulation in both eyes. She admits to not adhering to her insulin regimen. Her blood pressure is 130/85 mm Hg while ... | Incomplete bladder emptying | {
"A": "Dilated pupils",
"B": "Incomplete bladder emptying",
"C": "Resting bradycardia",
"D": "Hyperreflexia\n\""
} | step1 | B | [
"55 year old woman",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"worsening tingling",
"feet",
"night",
"months",
"Two years",
"retinal laser photocoagulation",
"eyes",
"admits to not adhering",
"insulin regimen",
"blood pressure",
"85 mm Hg",
"sitting",
"70 mm Hg",
"sta... |
A 67-year-old woman comes to the physician for the evaluation of bilateral knee pain for the past year. She reports that the pain is worse with movement and is relieved with rest. She has type 2 diabetes mellitus. The patient says her mother takes leflunomide for a “joint condition.” The patient's medications include m... | Administration of ibuprofen | {
"A": "Intra-articular glucocorticoid injections",
"B": "Administration of ibuprofen",
"C": "Administration of celecoxib",
"D": "Administration of methotrexate"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"67 year old woman",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"bilateral knee pain",
"past year",
"reports",
"pain",
"worse",
"movement",
"relieved with rest",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"patient",
"mother takes leflunomide",
"joint condition",
"patient's medications include metformin",
"multivitam... |
A 32-year-old woman has painless abdominal distention 30 hours after an elective repeat cesarean section. She has passed stool once. She has nausea, but no vomiting. Antibiotic prophylaxis was given prior to delivery. She is ambulating without difficulty. Her temperature is 36.7℃ (98.1℉), pulse is 95/min, respiratory r... | Intravenous fluids and electrolytes | {
"A": "Broad-spectrum antibiotics",
"B": "Intravenous fluids and electrolytes",
"C": "Laparoscopic exploration",
"D": "Laparotomy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman",
"painless abdominal distention 30 hours",
"elective repeat",
"passed stool",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"Antibiotic prophylaxis",
"given prior to delivery",
"ambulating",
"difficulty",
"temperature",
"36",
"98",
"pulse",
"95 min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"blood pres... |
A 16-year-old boy is brought to the physician for a follow-up of a wound on his ankle. He had a pedestrian accident 3 days ago which caused a skin defect on the dorsal side of his left ankle. The lesion was cleaned, debrided, and observed over the past 3 days. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medicatio... | Split-thickness skin graft | {
"A": "Free tissue transfer flap",
"B": "Full-thickness skin graft",
"C": "Musculocutaneous flap",
"D": "Split-thickness skin graft"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"follow-up",
"wound",
"ankle",
"pedestrian accident",
"days",
"caused",
"skin defect",
"dorsal side of",
"left ankle",
"lesion",
"cleaned",
"observed",
"past 3 days",
"history",
"serious illness",
"takes",
"medications",
"vital signs",
... |
A 56-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department after falling on her outstretched hand. Her wrist is clearly deformed by fracture and is painful to palpation. Her wrist and finger motion is limited due to pain. After treatment and discharge, her final total cost is $2500. Her insurance plan has a $300 copay ... | $1700 | {
"A": "$200",
"B": "$800",
"C": "$1200",
"D": "$1700"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"falling",
"hand",
"wrist",
"deformed",
"fracture",
"painful",
"palpation",
"wrist",
"finger motion",
"limited due to pain",
"treatment",
"discharge",
"final total cost",
"2500",
"insurance plan",
"300",
"emergency medical vi... |
A 56-year-old man presents seeking treatment for his baldness. He says he has noticed a bald patch in the center of his head which has increased in size over the past year. Physical examination and diagnostic tests show no evidence of an infectious cause. The patient is prescribed a drug be taken daily. After 4 months,... | 5α reductase inhibitor | {
"A": "5α reductase inhibitor",
"B": "GnRH analog",
"C": "α1 adrenergic antagonist",
"D": "Androgen receptor activation"
} | step1 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"treatment",
"baldness",
"bald patch",
"center",
"head",
"increased in size",
"past year",
"Physical examination",
"diagnostic tests show",
"evidence",
"infectious cause",
"patient",
"prescribed",
"drug",
"taken daily",
"4 months",
"patient returns",
"fol... |
A 45-year-old African American man presents with nausea and severe abdominal pain. He denies vomiting. He says that, 2 days ago, his divorce was finalized, so he went to a bar and had multiple shots of tequila and vodka. This morning, upon waking, he noticed his urine was red, which lasted throughout the day. The patie... | Budd-Chiari syndrome | {
"A": "Hemorrhage",
"B": "Cerebral vein thrombosis",
"C": "High-output cardiac failure",
"D": "Budd-Chiari syndrome"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old African American man presents",
"nausea",
"severe abdominal",
"denies vomiting",
"2 days",
"divorce",
"multiple shots",
"tequila",
"vodka",
"morning",
"waking",
"urine",
"red",
"lasted",
"day",
"patient denies",
"history",
"similar symptoms",
"Past medical history",
"... |
A 59-year-old patient with COPD is admitted with difficulty breathing and increased sputum production. Approx. a week ago, he developed an upper respiratory tract infection. On admission, his blood pressure is 130/80 mm Hg, the heart rate 92/min, the respiratory rate 24/min, the temperature 37.6°C (99.7°F), and SaO2 on... | Start non-invasive positive pressure ventilation | {
"A": "Increase oxygen to SaO2 > 95%",
"B": "Start non-invasive positive pressure ventilation",
"C": "Intubate and start invasive ventilation",
"D": "Administer oral corticosteroids"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"59 year old patient",
"COPD",
"admitted",
"difficulty breathing",
"increased sputum production",
"week",
"upper respiratory tract infection",
"On admission",
"blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temperature",
"99",
"room air 87",
"Chest ra... |
A 6-day-old female newborn is brought to the physician because of yellowish discoloration of her eyes and body, vomiting, and poor feeding for 3 days. She has had diarrhea for the past 2 days. She was born at 38 weeks' gestation and the antenatal period was uncomplicated. She appears lethargic. Vital signs are within n... | Stop milk feeds | {
"A": "Frequent glucose feeds",
"B": "Stop milk feeds",
"C": "Thiamine therapy",
"D": "Levothyroxine therapy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"day old female newborn",
"brought",
"physician",
"discoloration",
"eyes",
"body",
"vomiting",
"poor feeding",
"3 days",
"diarrhea",
"past 2 days",
"born",
"weeks",
"gestation",
"antenatal period",
"uncomplicated",
"appears lethargic",
"Vital signs",
"normal limits",
"Examinati... |
An esophageal biopsy sample from a 47-year-old male with chronic heartburn reveals intestinal metaplasia. Which of the following abnormal cell types is likely present in this patient’s esophagus: | Goblet cells | {
"A": "Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium",
"B": "Simple cuboidal epithelium",
"C": "Goblet cells",
"D": "Polymorphonuclear leukocytes"
} | step1 | C | [
"esophageal biopsy sample",
"year old male",
"chronic heartburn reveals intestinal metaplasia",
"following abnormal cell types",
"likely present",
"patients esophagus"
] |
A 75-year-old woman with a history of stroke 1 year ago was found unconscious on the floor of her home by her son. The patient was brought to the emergency department by ambulance but expired prior to arrival. An autopsy was performed and showed the cause of death to be a massive ischemic stroke. The coroner also exami... | Cyst formed by astrocyte processes | {
"A": "Red neurons",
"B": "Macrophages",
"C": "Reactive gliosis and vascular proliferation",
"D": "Cyst formed by astrocyte processes"
} | step1 | D | [
"75 year old woman",
"history",
"stroke",
"found unconscious",
"floor",
"home",
"son",
"patient",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"ambulance",
"expired prior to arrival",
"autopsy",
"performed",
"showed",
"cause of death to",
"massive ischemic stroke",
"coroner",
"examined sec... |
A 73-year-old man with coronary artery disease and hypertension is brought to the emergency department by ambulance 90 minutes after the acute onset of substernal chest pain and dyspnea. He has smoked 2 packs of cigarettes daily for 52 years. Shortly after arriving at the hospital, he loses consciousness and is pulsele... | Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases | {
"A": "Type III collagen deposition",
"B": "Influx of lipids into the endothelium",
"C": "Secretion of matrix metalloproteinases",
"D": "Release of platelet-derived growth factor"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man",
"coronary artery disease",
"hypertension",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"ambulance 90 minutes",
"acute onset",
"substernal chest pain",
"dyspnea",
"smoked 2 packs",
"cigarettes daily",
"years",
"hospital",
"consciousness",
"pulseless",
"attempts",
"cardiopulmona... |
A 24-year-old man presents to the emergency department with sudden onset of fever for the past few hours as well as pain and swelling in his right knee and left ankle. He denies any recent history of trauma or injury. The patient is otherwise a healthy, active young man. He recently recovered from a case of gastroenter... | DIP joint swelling | {
"A": "Skin rash",
"B": "Genital ulcers",
"C": "DIP joint swelling",
"D": "Circinate balantis"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"sudden",
"fever",
"past",
"hours",
"pain",
"swelling",
"right",
"left ankle",
"denies",
"recent history",
"trauma",
"injury",
"patient",
"healthy",
"active young man",
"recently recovered",
"case",
"gastroenteritis",
"caused s... |
A 32-year-old woman comes to her doctor’s office with abdominal distention, diffuse abdominal pain, and a history of 10–12 bowel movements a day for the last week. She was diagnosed with Crohn’s disease 3 years ago. Today, vitals are normal. Her abdomen is mildly distended and diffusely tender to palpation. A CT scan s... | The balance of the components in bile will be altered | {
"A": "Synthesis of cholesterol in the liver will decrease",
"B": "The balance of the components in bile will be altered",
"C": "Enteric bacteria will remain the same in the small intestine",
"D": "Absorption of 7⍺-dehydroxylated bile will decrease"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old woman",
"doctors office",
"abdominal distention",
"diffuse abdominal",
"history",
"bowel movements",
"day",
"week",
"diagnosed",
"Crohns disease 3 years",
"Today",
"normal",
"abdomen",
"mildly distended",
"tender",
"palpation",
"CT scan shows evidence",
"fistula",
"stri... |
A 24-year-old woman presents to her primary care physician for breast pain. She states that recently she has experienced bilateral breast fullness and tenderness. She also feels that her breasts feel warm. She gave birth to an infant girl at 40 weeks gestation 2 weeks ago. She reports that her baby has been doing well ... | Breastfeeding | {
"A": "Breast pumping",
"B": "Breastfeeding",
"C": "Oxacillin",
"D": "Vancomycin"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"primary care physician",
"breast pain",
"states",
"recently",
"bilateral",
"tenderness",
"feels",
"breasts feel warm",
"gave birth",
"infant girl",
"40 weeks",
"reports",
"baby",
"well",
"feeding",
"formula only",
"Physical exam",
"notable",
"bilater... |
A 35-year-old woman, gravida 2, para 1, at 40 weeks' gestation, presents to the hospital with contractions spaced 2 minutes apart. Her past medical history is significant for diabetes, which she has controlled with insulin during this pregnancy. Her pregnancy has otherwise been unremarkable. A baby boy is born via a sp... | C5 and C6 | {
"A": "C4 and C5",
"B": "C5 and C6",
"C": "C6 and C7",
"D": "C8 and T1"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"35 year old woman",
"gravida 2",
"para 1",
"40 weeks",
"gestation",
"presents",
"hospital",
"contractions spaced 2 minutes",
"past medical history",
"significant",
"diabetes",
"controlled",
"insulin",
"pregnancy",
"pregnancy",
"unremarkable",
"baby boy",
"born",
"spontaneous vag... |
A 43-year-old woman presents to a physician with repeated bruising, which she noticed over the last week. Some bruises developed spontaneously, while others were observed following minor trauma. The patient also mentions that she has been experiencing significant fatigue and weakness for the past 4 months and that her ... | t(15;17)(q24;q21) | {
"A": "t(1;22)(p13;q13)",
"B": "t(8;21)(q22;q22)",
"C": "t(9;11)(p22;q23)",
"D": "t(15;17)(q24;q21)"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman presents",
"physician",
"repeated bruising",
"week",
"bruises",
"others",
"observed following minor trauma",
"patient",
"experiencing significant fatigue",
"weakness",
"past",
"months",
"appetite",
"reduced",
"months",
"Past medical history",
"parents",
"alive",
"... |
A 54-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department because of a 2-hour history of nausea and retrosternal chest pain. She has a 15-year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Her current medications include atorvastatin, metformin, and lisinopril. She is diaphoretic. Her serum troponin level is 3.0 ng/mL (N: < 0.... | V1–V6 | {
"A": "I, aVR",
"B": "V3R–V6R",
"C": "V1–V6",
"D": "V7–V9"
} | step1 | C | [
"54 year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"2-hour history",
"nausea",
"retrosternal chest pain",
"year history of type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"current medications include atorvastatin",
"metformin",
"lisinopril",
"diaphoretic",
"serum troponin level",
"3 0 ng/mL",
"N",
"0.04... |
A 48-year old man comes to the physician for the evaluation of an 8-month history of fatigue and profuse, watery, odorless diarrhea. He reports that he has had a 10.5-kg (23-lb) weight loss during this time. Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor and poor skin turgor. Laboratory studies show:
Hemoglobin 9.8 g/d... | Achlorhydria | {
"A": "Achlorhydria",
"B": "Cholelithiasis",
"C": "Deep vein thrombosis",
"D": "Episodic hypertension"
} | step1 | A | [
"48 year old man",
"physician",
"evaluation",
"month history",
"fatigue",
"watery",
"diarrhea",
"reports",
"a 10 kg",
"23",
"weight loss",
"time",
"Physical examination shows conjunctival pallor",
"poor skin turgor",
"Laboratory studies show",
"Hemoglobin",
"g Serum Glucose",
"fast... |
An 83-year-old woman with a past medical history of poorly controlled diabetes, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, obesity, and recurrent urinary tract infections is brought to the emergency room by her husband due to confusion, generalized malaise and weakness, nausea, and mild lower abdominal pain. Her medications include... | Decreased PCWP; slightly increased SaO2; increased CO; decreased SVR | {
"A": "Decreased PCWP; normal SaO2; decreased CO; and decreased SVR",
"B": "Normal PCWP; normal SaO2; increased CO; decreased SVR",
"C": "Decreased PCWP; slightly increased SaO2; increased CO; decreased SVR",
"D": "Increased PCWP; decreased SaO2; decreased CO; increased SVR"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old woman",
"past medical history of poorly controlled diabetes",
"hyperlipidemia",
"hypertension",
"obesity",
"recurrent urinary tract infections",
"brought",
"emergency room",
"husband due to confusion",
"generalized malaise",
"weakness",
"nausea",
"mild lower abdominal pain",
"med... |
A 19-year-old woman comes to the physician because of pelvic pain and vaginal discharge that began 2 days ago. She has no history of serious medical illness and takes no medications. Her temperature is 39°C (102.2°F). Pelvic examination shows pain with movement of the cervix and mucopurulent cervical discharge. A Gram ... | Ectopic pregnancy | {
"A": "Cervical cancer",
"B": "Endometriosis",
"C": "Purulent arthritis",
"D": "Ectopic pregnancy"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman",
"physician",
"pelvic pain",
"vaginal discharge",
"began 2 days",
"history of serious medical illness",
"takes",
"medications",
"temperature",
"Pelvic examination shows pain",
"movement of",
"cervix",
"mucopurulent cervical",
"Gram stain",
"discharge",
"not show",
"o... |
A 43-year-old man is brought to the emergency department with skin changes on his leg as shown in the image that manifested over the past 24 hours. He accidentally stabbed himself in the leg 4 days earlier with a knife that was in his pocket. He has a 10-year history of diabetes mellitus. His medications include metfor... | Open surgery | {
"A": "Computed tomography (CT) scan",
"B": "Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)",
"C": "Open surgery",
"D": "Response to empirical antibiotics"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"skin changes",
"leg",
"shown",
"image",
"manifested",
"past 24 hours",
"stabbed",
"leg 4 days earlier",
"knife",
"a 10 year history of diabetes mellitus",
"medications include metformin",
"appears confused",
"blood pressure",
"90 70... |
A 72-year-old man presents to the emergency department with a change in his behavior. The patient is brought in by his family who state that he is not acting normally and that his responses to their questions do not make sense. The patient has a past medical history of diabetes and Alzheimer dementia. His temperature i... | Acyclovir | {
"A": "Acyclovir",
"B": "CSF culture",
"C": "CSF polymerase chain reaction",
"D": "MRI"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"72 year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"change in",
"behavior",
"patient",
"brought",
"family",
"state",
"not acting",
"responses",
"questions",
"not make sense",
"patient",
"past medical diabetes",
"Alzheimer dementia",
"temperature",
"4C",
"blood pressure",
"98 mmH... |
A 7-year-old boy is brought to the physician by his parents because of concerns about his behavior at school over the past year. He often leaves his seat and runs around the classroom, and has a hard time waiting for his turn. His teacher is also concerned. His behavior is a little better at home, but he frequently act... | Excessive talking | {
"A": "Firm belief that he can fly",
"B": "Excessive talking",
"C": "Hearing a voice telling him what to do",
"D": "Thinking about killing himself"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"parents",
"concerns",
"behavior",
"school",
"past year",
"often leaves",
"runs",
"classroom",
"hard time waiting",
"turn",
"teacher",
"concerned",
"behavior",
"little better",
"home",
"frequently acts out",
"boy",
"born",
"weeks",
... |
A 57-year-old man presents with episodic left periorbital pain that radiates to the left frontotemporal side of his head for the last 2 weeks. The episodes are severe and are usually present for 1–2 hours before bedtime. During these episodes, he has also noticed lacrimation on the left side and a runny nose. He has tr... | 100% oxygen | {
"A": "Ergotamine",
"B": "Sumatriptan",
"C": "Verapamil",
"D": "100% oxygen"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"57 year old man presents",
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"12 hours",
"bedtime",
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"lacrimation",
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"over-the-counter analgesics",
"re... |
A mother brings her newborn baby to the pediatrician after noting that his skin looks yellow. The patient's lactate dehydrogenase is elevated and haptoglobin is decreased. A smear of the child's blood is shown below. The patient is ultimately found to have decreased ability to process phosphoenolpyruvate to pyruvate. W... | Right shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve | {
"A": "Left shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve",
"B": "Right shift of the oxyhemoglobin curve",
"C": "Broadening of the oxyhemoglobin curve",
"D": "Narrowing of the oxyhemoglobin curve"
} | step1 | B | [
"mother",
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"child's blood",
"shown",
"patient",
"found to",
"decreased ability",
"process phosphoenolpyruvate",
"pyruvate",
"following m... |
A previously healthy 2-year-old boy is brought to the emergency department because of a 36-hour history of fever and profuse, watery diarrhea. Several children at the child's daycare center have developed similar symptoms over the past few days. The patient has not received any routine childhood vaccines because his pa... | Administer intravenous 0.9% saline solution | {
"A": "Administer intravenous 0.9% saline solution",
"B": "Perform stool PCR for rotavirus antigen",
"C": "Administer intravenous 0.45% saline solution",
"D": "Administer intravenous 5% dextrose in water"
} | step2&3 | A | [
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A 4-week-old newborn is brought to the physician for a well-child examination. He was born at 40 weeks' gestation and weighed 3300 g (7 lb 4 oz). He now weighs 4300 g (9 lbs 1 oz). There is no family history of serious illness. He is at the 50th percentile for height and 50th percentile for weight. Vital signs are with... | Left-to-right shunt through the ventricular septum | {
"A": "Communication between the pulmonary artery and the thoracic aorta",
"B": "Right-to-left shunt through the atrial septum",
"C": "Left-to-right shunt through the ventricular septum",
"D": "Right ventricular outflow obstruction"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"4 week old newborn",
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"normal limits",
"Examination shows",
... |
A 68-year-old woman in a wheelchair presents with her husband. She has a 12-month history of progressive difficulty in walking and maintaining balance. Her husband reports that she walks slowly, has difficulty turning, and her feet seem ‘glued to the ground’. She also has problems recalling names and details of recent ... | Ventriculoperitoneal shunt | {
"A": "Acetazolamide",
"B": "Endoscopic third ventriculostomy",
"C": "Epidural blood patch",
"D": "Ventriculoperitoneal shunt"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"68 year old woman",
"wheelchair presents",
"husband",
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"progressive difficulty",
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"maintaining balance",
"husband reports",
"walks slowly",
"difficulty turning",
"feet",
"glued",
"problems recalling names",
"details",
"recent events",
"tremors",
"delusions"... |
A 44-year-old woman comes to the physician because of a 3-week history of progressive pain while swallowing. She has the feeling that food gets stuck in her throat and is harder to swallow than usual. She has a history of high-grade cervical dysplasia which was treated with conization 12 years ago. Four months ago, she... | Therapy with oral fluconazole | {
"A": "Therapy with nystatin mouthwash",
"B": "Therapy with oral azithromycin",
"C": "Therapy with IV ganciclovir",
"D": "Therapy with oral fluconazole"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
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"swallowing",
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"usual",
"history of high-grade cervical dysplasia",
"treated with conization 12 years",
"Four months",
"diagnosed",
"Graves",
"isease ",
... |
A healthy 47-year-old woman presents to the women’s center for a routine pap smear. She has a past medical history of hypothyroidism and rheumatoid arthritis. She is taking levothyroxine, methotrexate, and adalimumab. The vital signs are within normal limits during her visit today. Her physical examination is grossly n... | Mammography in 3 years | {
"A": "Mammography",
"B": "Mammography in 3 years",
"C": "Colposcopy",
"D": "Colonoscopy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"healthy",
"year old woman presents",
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"past medical",
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"methotrexate",
"adalimumab",
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"normal limits",
"visit today",
"physical examination",
"normal",
"following",
"most appropriate next step"
... |
A 46-year-old overweight male presents to his primary care physician for an annual checkup. He has a history of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) with biopsy confirming Barrett's esophagus on therapy with omeprazole. Review of systems is unremarkable, and the patient is otherwise doing well. Vitals are within norm... | Adenocarcinoma | {
"A": "Adenocarcinoma",
"B": "Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC)",
"C": "Gastro-intestinal stromal tumor (GIST)",
"D": "MALT lymphoma"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old overweight male presents",
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"annual checkup",
"history of gastroesophageal reflux disease",
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"omeprazole",
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"unremarkable",
"patient",
"well",
"normal limits",
"stable",
"patient",
"ne... |
A 59-year-old man presents with intense, sharp pain in his toe for the past hour. He reports similar symptoms in the past and this is his 2nd visit to the emergency department this year with the same complaint. The patient is afebrile and the vital signs are within normal limits. On physical examination, there is signi... | Allopurinol | {
"A": "Methotrexate",
"B": "Colchicine",
"C": "Allopurinol",
"D": "Indomethacin"
} | step1 | C | [
"59 year old man presents",
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"same complaint",
"patient",
"afebrile",
"vital signs",
"normal limits",
"physical examination",
"significant erythema",
"swelling",
"war... |
A 67-year-old man refers to his physician for a follow-up examination. During his last visit 1 month ago, splenomegaly was detected. He has had night sweats for the past several months and has lost 5 kg (11 lb) unintentionally during this period. He has no history of severe illness and takes no medications. The vital s... | Primary myelofibrosis | {
"A": "Hodgkin’s lymphoma",
"B": "Multiple myeloma",
"C": "Polycythemia vera",
"D": "Primary myelofibrosis"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"67 year old man refers",
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"follow-up examination",
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"normal limits",
"examination shows",
... |
A 5-year-old African immigrant girl is brought to the office by her mother because she has had a fever and cough for the past month. They moved from Africa to the United States about 8 months ago. She denies any sore throat, rhinorrhea, diarrhea, or changes in appetite. Her mother says she has lost weight since her las... | Tuberculin skin test | {
"A": "Bartonella serology",
"B": "Lymph node biopsy",
"C": "Rapid strep throat strep",
"D": "Tuberculin skin test"
} | step1 | D | [
"5 year old African immigrant girl",
"brought",
"office",
"mother",
"fever",
"cough",
"past month",
"moved from Africa",
"United States",
"months",
"denies",
"sore throat",
"rhinorrhea",
"diarrhea",
"changes in appetite",
"mother",
"lost weight",
"last visit",
"months",
"immuni... |
A 62-year-old woman comes to the physician in June for a routine check-up. She has chronic back pain and underwent an appendectomy at the age of 27. She is married and has two kids. The patient recently got back from a cruise to Mexico where she celebrated her 40th wedding anniversary. Her last mammogram was 6 months a... | Shingles vaccine | {
"A": "Colonoscopy",
"B": "Influenza vaccine",
"C": "Tetanus vaccine",
"D": "Shingles vaccine"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"62 year old woman",
"physician",
"June",
"routine check-up",
"chronic back pain",
"appendectomy",
"age",
"27",
"married",
"two kids",
"patient recently got back",
"Mexico",
"wedding anniversary",
"last mammogram",
"months",
"showed",
"abnormalities",
"last Pap smear",
"2 years",... |
A 68-year-old man presents with blisters on the flexor surfaces of his arms and legs. He notes that the lesions appeared 2 days ago and have not improved. He says that he has had similar blisters in the past but has not sought medical attention until now. The man has no significant past medical history. He is afebrile ... | Direct immunofluorescence study | {
"A": "Direct immunofluorescence study",
"B": "Indirect immunofluorescence study",
"C": "Swab and culture of the blister",
"D": "Bacteriological examination of fluid trained from the blister"
} | step1 | A | [
"68 year old man presents",
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"flexor surfaces of",
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"legs",
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"not improved",
"similar blisters",
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"not",
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"now",
"man",
"significant past medical history",
"afebrile",
"vital signs",
"normal limits",
... |
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician because of fever, malaise, and severe right knee joint pain and swelling for 3 days. He had also had episodes of abdominal pain and epistaxis during this period. Five days ago, he had swelling and pain in his left ankle joint which has since resolved. He reports having a so... | Acute rheumatic fever | {
"A": "Acute rheumatic fever",
"B": "Lyme disease",
"C": "Kawasaki disease",
"D": "Juvenile idiopathic arthritis\n\""
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old boy",
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"Five days",
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"left ankle joint",
"since resolved",
"reports",
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"c... |
One week after being involved in a bicycling accident, a 32-year-old woman comes to the physician because of intermittent double vision. She reports worsening of symptoms when she tries to type on her computer or while buttoning her shirts. Physical examination shows a slight right-sided head tilt. Her left eye is devi... | Superior oblique | {
"A": "Superior oblique",
"B": "Lateral rectus",
"C": "Inferior oblique",
"D": "Inferior rectus"
} | step1 | A | [
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... |
A 44-year-old woman comes to the emergency department after waking up with facial swelling and with difficulties speaking and swallowing. She states that she does not have allergies or recently had insect bites. She has a 4-year history of hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled with medication. Her pulse ... | Impaired bradykinin metabolism | {
"A": "Type 2 hypersensitivity reaction",
"B": "Anaphylactoid reaction",
"C": "Immune-complex deposition",
"D": "Impaired bradykinin metabolism"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old woman",
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"difficulties speaking",
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"not",
"allergies",
"recently",
"insect bites",
"4 year history of hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus controlled",
"medication",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations... |
A 76-year-old woman comes to the physician because of increasing muscle pain and stiffness, weakness of her shoulders and legs, and generalized fatigue for the past 4 months. She has been having great difficulty getting out of bed in the morning. On two occasions her son had to come over and help her stand up. She has ... | Giant cell arteritis | {
"A": "Chronic subdural hematoma",
"B": "Giant cell arteritis",
"C": "Migraine",
"D": "Temporomandibular joint dysfunction\n\""
} | step2&3 | B | [
"76 year old woman",
"physician",
"increasing muscle pain",
"stiffness",
"weakness",
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"legs",
"generalized fatigue",
"past",
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"great difficulty getting out of bed",
"morning",
"two",
"son",
"to",
"help",
"stand up",
"4 kg",
"weight loss",
"not",
"sleeping... |
A 50-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his wife with acute onset confusion, disorientation, and agitation. The patient's wife reports that he has diabetic gastroparesis for which he takes domperidone in 3 divided doses every day. He also takes insulin glargine and insulin lispro for management of t... | Scopolamine overdose | {
"A": "Scopolamine overdose",
"B": "Domperidone overdose",
"C": "Heatstroke",
"D": "Diabetic ketoacidosis"
} | step1 | A | [
"50 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"wife",
"acute onset confusion",
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"takes domperidone",
"divided doses",
"day",
"takes insulin glargine",
"insulin",
"management",
"type 1 diabetes mel... |
A 6-month-old boy is brought to the pediatrician for multiple swellings on his scalp. His mother reports that she first noticed 3 softened and swollen areas over the child's scalp 2 months ago that have grown in size. The child is also urinating more frequently than usual. He was born by cesarean section at 39 weeks ge... | Rod-shaped granules with a latticed matrix | {
"A": "Atypical lymphocytes with cerebriform nuclei",
"B": "B cells with hair-like cytoplasmic projections",
"C": "Proliferative monoclonal plasma cells",
"D": "Rod-shaped granules with a latticed matrix"
} | step1 | D | [
"month old boy",
"brought",
"pediatrician",
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"scalp",
"mother reports",
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"3 softened",
"swollen areas",
"child's scalp 2 months",
"size",
"child",
"more frequently",
"usual",
"born by cesarean section",
"weeks gestation",
"mother",
"appropriate prenatal... |
A 36-year-old woman, gravida 1, para 1, has back pain and numbness in her lower extremities after an emergency cesarean delivery of a healthy 3856-g (8-lb, 8-oz) newborn male. She had a placental abruption and lost approximately 2000 ml of blood. During the procedure, she received two units of packed red blood cells an... | Anterior spinal artery syndrome | {
"A": "Anterior spinal artery syndrome",
"B": "Guillain-Barré Syndrome",
"C": "Brown-Séquard syndrome",
"D": "Posterior spinal artery syndrome"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"36 year old woman",
"gravida 1",
"para 1",
"back pain",
"numbness",
"lower extremities",
"emergency cesarean delivery",
"healthy",
"g",
"8",
"oz",
"newborn male",
"placental abruption",
"lost approximately 2000 ml",
"blood",
"procedure",
"received two units",
"packed red blood cel... |
A 14-year-old girl presents in with her mother to a physician’s office. They are both concerned with the amount of hair growing on the girl's upper lip and cheeks. There are also sparse hairs on her chest. The mother reports that her daughter has not started menstruating either. The girl was born at 39 weeks gestation ... | 21-hydroxylase | {
"A": "11-β-hydroxylase",
"B": "17-α-hydroxylase",
"C": "21-hydroxylase",
"D": "5-α-reductase"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old girl presents",
"mother",
"physicians office",
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"amount",
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"cheeks",
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"mother reports",
"daughter",
"not started",
"girl",
"born",
"weeks gestation",
"spontaneous vaginal delivery",
"date",
"vaccines",
"meeting",... |
A researcher is investigating the relationship between inflammatory mediators and omega-3 fatty acids, namely docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), in post-MI patients. IL-1ß is an important pro-inflammatory cytokine involved in fibrosis and arrhythmias in the post-MI period. Research indicates th... | Fatty acids with double bonds in the 3rd position adjacent to the terminal carbon are cardioprotective against the effects of IL-1β in post-MI cells. | {
"A": "Fatty acids with double bonds in the 3rd position adjacent to the carboxy-terminus are cardioprotective against the effects of IL-1β in post-MI cells.",
"B": "Fatty acids with double bonds in the 3rd position adjacent to the terminal carbon are cardioprotective against the effects of IL-1β in post-MI cells.... | step1 | B | [
"researcher",
"investigating",
"relationship",
"inflammatory mediators",
"omega-3 fatty acids",
"docosahexaenoic acid",
"eicosapentaenoic acid",
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"IL-1",
"important pro inflammatory cytokine involved",
"fibrosis",
"arrhythmias",
"post-MI period",
"Research",
"causes lo... |
A 45-year-old woman with a history of alcoholic hepatitis returns to clinic for follow-up after being diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis and started on NSAIDs. She complains of continued joint effusions and increasing morning stiffness. Given this patient's presentation and history, which of the following drugs presen... | Methotrexate | {
"A": "Corticosteroids",
"B": "Methotrexate",
"C": "Hydroxychloroquine",
"D": "Etanercept"
} | step1 | B | [
"A",
"year old woman",
"history of alcoholic hepatitis returns",
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"NSAIDs",
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"increasing morning stiffness",
"Given",
"patient's presentation",
"history",
"following drugs presents",
"g... |
A 45-year-old female presents to her primary care physician with a chief complaint of easy bruising and bleeding over the last 6 months. She has also noticed that she has been having fatty, foul smelling stools. Past history is significant for cholecystectomy a year ago to treat a long history of symptomatic gallstones... | Vitamin K deficiency | {
"A": "Hemophilia",
"B": "Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura (ITP)",
"C": "Vitamin K deficiency",
"D": "Von Willebrand disease"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old female presents",
"primary care physician",
"chief complaint",
"easy bruising",
"bleeding",
"months",
"foul smelling stools",
"Past history",
"significant",
"cholecystectomy",
"year",
"to treat",
"long history of symptomatic gallstones",
"Based",
"clinical suspicion",
"coagul... |
A 54-year-old man comes to the physician for an annual health maintenance examination. He reports that he feels well. He has smoked one pack of cigarettes daily for 22 years and drinks three 12-oz bottles of beer each night. He works as an accountant and says he does not have time to exercise regularly. He is 178 cm (5... | Smoking cessation | {
"A": "Increased physical activity",
"B": "Antidiabetic medication",
"C": "Blood pressure reduction",
"D": "Smoking cessation"
} | step1 | D | [
"54 year old man",
"physician",
"annual health maintenance examination",
"reports",
"feels well",
"smoked one pack",
"cigarettes daily",
"years",
"drinks three",
"oz bottles",
"beer",
"night",
"works",
"accountant",
"not",
"time to exercise",
"5 ft 10",
"tall",
"98 kg",
"BMI",
... |
A 14-year-old boy is brought to the physician with fever, malaise, and bilateral facial pain and swelling that began 2 days ago. He has no history of serious illness and takes no medications. He was born in India, and his mother received no prenatal care. She is unsure of his childhood vaccination history. He returned ... | Impaired fertility | {
"A": "Diabetes mellitus",
"B": "Facial nerve palsy",
"C": "Osteomyelitis of facial bone",
"D": "Impaired fertility"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"fever",
"malaise",
"bilateral facial pain",
"swelling",
"began 2 days",
"history",
"serious illness",
"takes",
"medications",
"born in India",
"mother received",
"prenatal care",
"unsure of",
"childhood vaccination history",
"returned",
"t... |
A 3-year-old boy is brought to the physician for follow-up examination 5 days after sustaining a forehead laceration. Examination shows a linear, well-approximated laceration over the right temple. The wound is clean and dry with no exudate. There is a small amount of pink granulation tissue present. Microscopic examin... | Angiogenesis with type III collagen deposition | {
"A": "Angiogenesis with type III collagen deposition",
"B": "Macrophage infiltration and fibrin clot degradation",
"C": "Capillary dilation with neutrophilic migration",
"D": "Fibroblast hyperplasia with disorganized collagen deposition"
} | step1 | A | [
"3 year old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"follow-up examination 5 days",
"sustaining",
"forehead laceration",
"Examination shows",
"linear",
"well approximated laceration",
"right temple",
"wound",
"clean",
"dry",
"exudate",
"small amount of pink granulation tissue present",
"Microsco... |
A 68-year-old woman is brought to the physician by her husband for the evaluation of confusion and memory deficits for the last month. During this period, she has also had mild weakness in her left leg. She has hypertension and hyperlipidemia. Her current medications include enalapril and atorvastatin. She has smoked t... | Lung cancer | {
"A": "Glioblastoma multiforme",
"B": "Multiple sclerosis",
"C": "Colorectal cancer",
"D": "Lung cancer"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"68 year old woman",
"brought",
"physician",
"husband",
"evaluation",
"confusion",
"memory deficits",
"month",
"period",
"mild weakness",
"left leg",
"hypertension",
"hyperlipidemia",
"current medications include enalapril",
"atorvastatin",
"smoked two packs",
"cigarettes daily",
"... |
An 86-year-old woman is brought to the emergency department by her niece because the patient felt like she was spinning and about to topple over. This occurred around 4 hours ago, and although symptoms have improved, she still feels like she is being pulled to the right side. The vital signs include: blood pressure 116... | Absent gag reflex | {
"A": "Hemiparesis",
"B": "Hemianopia",
"C": "Intact cough reflex",
"D": "Absent gag reflex"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old woman",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"niece",
"patient felt",
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"to",
"over",
"occurred",
"hours",
"symptoms",
"improved",
"feels",
"pulled",
"right side",
"vital signs include",
"blood pressure",
"75 mm Hg",
"pulse 90 min",
"99",
"room air",
"Phys... |
A 67-year-old woman presents to the Emergency Department complaining of weakness and fatigue. She says she caught a “stomach bug” and has not been able to eat anything without vomiting for three days. Past medical history is significant for hyperlipidemia. She takes atorvastatin and a multivitamin daily, except for the... | pH: 7.48, pCO2: 44 mm Hg, HCO3-: 29 mEq/L | {
"A": "pH: 7.36, pCO2: 42 mm Hg, HCO3-: 22 mEq/L",
"B": "pH: 7.30, pCO2: 36 mm Hg, HCO3-: 17 mEq/L",
"C": "pH: 7.48, pCO2: 44 mm Hg, HCO3-: 29 mEq/L",
"D": "pH: 7.49, pCO2: 33 mm Hg, HCO3-: 18 mEq/L"
} | step1 | C | [
"67 year old woman presents",
"Emergency Department",
"weakness",
"fatigue",
"caught",
"stomach bug",
"not",
"able to eat",
"vomiting",
"three days",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"hyperlipidemia",
"takes atorvastatin",
"multivitamin daily",
"except for",
"two days due to na... |
A scientist wants to determine if a specific fragment is contained within genome X. She uses a restriction enzyme to digest the genome into smaller fragments to run on an agarose gel, with the goal of separating the resulting fragments. A nitrocellulose blotting paper is then used to transfer the fragments from the aga... | Northern blot | {
"A": "Southern blot",
"B": "Northern blot",
"C": "Western blot",
"D": "qPCR"
} | step1 | B | [
"scientist",
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"separating",
"resulting fragments",
"nitrocellulose",
"paper",
"then used to transfer",
"fragments",
"agarose gel",
... |
A 57-year-old woman presents to the hospital complaining of 4 months of persistent abdominal pain and early satiety that has recently gotten worse. The patient says that she was prompted to come to the emergency department because she had several episodes of hematemesis. Her last menstrual period was approximately 8 ye... | Signet ring cells | {
"A": "PAS-positive macrophages",
"B": "Signet ring cells",
"C": "Hyperplasia of gastric mucosa",
"D": "Intestinal metaplasia in the stomach"
} | step1 | B | [
"57 year old woman presents",
"hospital",
"months",
"persistent abdominal pain",
"early satiety",
"recently gotten worse",
"patient",
"prompted to",
"emergency department",
"several episodes of hematemesis",
"last menstrual period",
"approximately",
"years",
"patient",
"sexually active",... |
A 49-year-old woman with a long-standing history of a seizure disorder presents with fatigue, weight gain, and hair loss. The patient reports that the symptoms have gradually worsened over the past month and have not improved. Past medical history is significant for a seizure disorder diagnosed 10 years ago, for which ... | Impaired memory | {
"A": "Hyperreflexia",
"B": "Spasticity",
"C": "Impaired memory",
"D": "Tardive dyskinesia"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman",
"long standing history of",
"seizure disorder presents",
"fatigue",
"weight gain",
"hair loss",
"patient reports",
"symptoms",
"worsened",
"past month",
"not improved",
"Past medical history",
"significant",
"seizure disorder diagnosed 10 years",
"recently switched medi... |
Twenty-four hours after delivery, a 2.4 kg (5.3 lb) newborn develops respiratory distress. She was born at 38 weeks gestation. The vital signs include: pulse 136/min, respiratory rate 60/min, and blood pressure 60/30 mm Hg. Examination shows a scaphoid abdomen. The heart sounds are heard in the right hemithorax, and th... | Bochdalek hernia | {
"A": "Bochdalek hernia",
"B": "Kartagener’s syndrome",
"C": "Midgut volvulus",
"D": "Pneumothorax"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"Twenty-four hours",
"delivery",
"2.4 kg",
"5",
"newborn",
"respiratory distress",
"born",
"weeks gestation",
"vital signs include",
"pulse",
"min",
"respiratory rate 60 min",
"blood pressure 60 30 mm Hg",
"Examination shows",
"scaphoid abdomen",
"heart sounds",
"heard",
"right hem... |
An 81-year-old man comes to the emergency department because of left-sided visual loss that started 1 hour ago. He describes initially seeing jagged edges, which was followed by abrupt, complete loss of central vision in the left eye. He has hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Blood pressure is 145/89 mm Hg. Neu... | Carotid artery duplex ultrasonography | {
"A": "Glycated hemoglobin concentration",
"B": "Carotid artery duplex ultrasonography",
"C": "CD4+ T-cell count",
"D": "Optic tonometer"
} | step1 | B | [
"81 year old man",
"emergency department",
"left-sided visual loss",
"started 1 hour",
"initially seeing",
"edges",
"followed by abrupt",
"complete loss of central vision",
"left eye",
"hypertension",
"type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"Blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
"Neurologic examination shows",
... |
A 33-year-old woman presents to the urgent care center with 4 days of abdominal pain and increasingly frequent bloody diarrhea. She states that she is currently having 6 episodes of moderate volume diarrhea per day with streaks of blood mixed in. She says she recently returned from a long camping trip with her friends ... | Campylobacter | {
"A": "Clostridium difficile",
"B": "Campylobacter",
"C": "E. coli 0157:H7",
"D": "Shigella"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"year old woman presents",
"urgent care center",
"4 days",
"abdominal pain",
"frequent bloody diarrhea",
"states",
"currently",
"6 episodes of moderate volume diarrhea",
"day",
"streaks",
"blood mixed",
"recently returned",
"long camping trip",
"friends",
"cooked",
"food",
"drank wat... |
A 27-year-old man is brought to the emergency department by his girlfriend. The patient is a seasonal farm worker and was found laying down and minimally responsive under a tree. The patient was immediately brought to the emergency department. The patient has a past medical history of IV drug use, marijuana use, and al... | Atropine | {
"A": "Atropine",
"B": "Electroencephalography",
"C": "Supportive therapy and monitoring",
"D": "Urine toxicology"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"27 year old man",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"girlfriend",
"patient",
"seasonal farm worker",
"found laying",
"responsive",
"tree",
"patient",
"immediately brought",
"emergency department",
"patient",
"past medical IV drug use",
"marijuana use",
"alcohol use",
"current medic... |
A 63-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and Sjogren syndrome was referred for a second opinion. She has had a known chronic idiopathic pericardial effusion for about a year and has dealt with intermittent chest pain ever since. She underwent 2 diagnostic pericardiocenteses, but the fluid r... | Pericardial window | {
"A": "Pericardial window",
"B": "Repeated pericardiocentesis",
"C": "Pericardiectomy",
"D": "Non-surgical management"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"63 year old woman",
"previous diagnosis",
"rheumatoid arthritis",
"Sjogren syndrome",
"referred",
"second opinion",
"known chronic idiopathic",
"year",
"intermittent chest ever",
"2 diagnostic pericardiocenteses",
"fluid returned",
"time",
"used empiric anti-inflammatory therapies",
"NSAI... |
A 64-year-old man presents to his primary care physician for a fall. The patient states that he has felt abnormally clumsy lately and has noticed himself tripping and bumping into things. He states he otherwise is healthy but admits to having unprotected sex with multiple people recently. His temperature is 99.5°F (37.... | Chronic gastritis | {
"A": "Chronic alcoholism",
"B": "Chronic gastritis",
"C": "Tertiary syphilis",
"D": "Vegetarian diet"
} | step1 | B | [
"64 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"fall",
"patient states",
"felt",
"clumsy",
"tripping",
"things",
"states",
"healthy",
"admits",
"unprotected sex",
"multiple people recently",
"temperature",
"99",
"blood pressure",
"68 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"100 min",
"respirat... |
A 75-year-old man with a seizure disorder is brought to the emergency department by a friend because of progressive confusion over the past two weeks. He is unable to provide any history. His vital signs are within normal limits. He appears lethargic and is only oriented to person. Oral mucosa is moist. There is no jug... | Medication effect | {
"A": "Insulin deficiency",
"B": "Aldosterone deficiency",
"C": "Medication effect",
"D": "Excess cortisol"
} | step1 | C | [
"75 year old man",
"seizure disorder",
"brought",
"emergency department",
"friend",
"progressive confusion",
"past two weeks",
"unable to provide",
"history",
"vital signs",
"normal limits",
"appears lethargic",
"only oriented to person",
"Oral mucosa",
"moist",
"jugular venous distent... |
A 9-year-old girl is being evaluated for suspected Bartter’s syndrome, a renal disorder caused by defective Cl- reabsorption by the Na+/K+/2Cl- cotransporter. In normal individuals, the segment of the nephron that houses this transporter is also characterized by which of the following? | Impermeability to water | {
"A": "Secretion of calcium",
"B": "Impermeability to water",
"C": "Site of action of ADH",
"D": "Concentration of urine"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old girl",
"evaluated",
"suspected Bartters syndrome",
"renal disorder caused",
"defective Cl",
"Na",
"K",
"normal individuals",
"segment",
"nephron",
"houses",
"transporter",
"characterized"
] |
A 44-year-old obese woman presents with abdominal pain. She says the pain started while she was having lunch at a fast-food restaurant with her children. The pain began shortly after eating and has persisted for 6 hours. She has vomited once. Her vital signs are as follows: HR 88, BP 110/70 mmHg, T 38.5°C (101.3°F). On... | Gallstone disease | {
"A": "Acalculous cholecystitis",
"B": "Cancer of the biliary tree",
"C": "Gallstone disease",
"D": "Pancreatic inflammation"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old obese woman presents",
"abdominal pain",
"pain started",
"lunch",
"fast-food restaurant",
"children",
"pain began",
"eating",
"hours",
"vomited",
"vital signs",
"follows",
"88",
"BP",
"70 mmHg",
"T",
"physical exam",
"tender",
"palpation",
"right upper quadrant of",
... |
A 29-year-old man develops dysphagia after sustaining a stroke secondary to a patent foramen ovale. He is only able to swallow thin liquids. He has lost 10 pounds because of limited caloric intake. The medical team recommends the placement of a feeding tube, but the patient declines. The patient also has a history of m... | The patient has capacity and may deny placement of the feeding tube | {
"A": "The patient lacks capacity and his healthcare proxy should be contacted regarding placement of a feeding tube",
"B": "The patient lacks capacity and the state should determine whether to place the feeding tube",
"C": "The patient has capacity and may deny placement of the feeding tube",
"D": "The hospit... | step1 | C | [
"29 year old man",
"dysphagia",
"sustaining",
"stroke secondary to",
"patent foramen ovale",
"only able to swallow thin liquids",
"lost 10 pounds",
"limited caloric intake",
"medical team recommends",
"placement",
"feeding tube",
"patient",
"patient",
"history of major depressive disorder"... |
A family who recently moved from Nebraska to Texas visits the pediatrician. They have a 3-year-old child that had been developing normally before this change in location. The child became lethargic, fatigued, pale, and constipated 3 months after moving to the new house. Also, the blood smear of the patient demonstrates... | Ferrochelatase | {
"A": "Ribonuclease",
"B": "Ferrochelatase",
"C": "ALA oxidase",
"D": "Uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase"
} | step1 | B | [
"family",
"recently moved from Nebraska",
"Texas visits",
"pediatrician",
"3 year old child",
"change",
"location",
"child",
"lethargic",
"fatigued",
"pale",
"constipated 3 months",
"moving",
"new house",
"blood smear",
"patient demonstrates",
"finding",
"sideroblasts",
"scheme p... |
A 35-year-old male is found to be infected with an HIV strain resistant to saquinavir and zidovudine. Which of the following best explains the drug resistance observed in this patient? | pol mutation | {
"A": "HIV evasion of host response",
"B": "pol mutation",
"C": "env mutation",
"D": "HBV co-infection"
} | step1 | B | [
"35 year old male",
"found to",
"infected",
"HIV strain resistant to saquinavir",
"zidovudine",
"following best",
"drug resistance observed",
"patient"
] |
A 29-year-old man comes to the physician for worsening restlessness over the past several days. Three weeks ago, he was started on trifluoperazine for the treatment of schizophrenia. He reports that, since then, he has often felt compelled to pace around his house and is unable to sit or stand still. He is switched to ... | Chlorpromazine | {
"A": "Chlorpromazine",
"B": "Trimipramine",
"C": "Fluphenazine",
"D": "Haloperidol"
} | step1 | A | [
"29 year old man",
"physician",
"worsening restlessness",
"past",
"days",
"Three weeks",
"started",
"trifluoperazine",
"treatment",
"schizophrenia",
"reports",
"then",
"often felt",
"pace",
"house",
"unable to sit",
"stand",
"switched",
"alternative antipsychotic medication",
"... |
A 34-year-old female presents to her primary care physician complaining of fatigue. Over the last three months she has experienced decreased energy and gained 7 pounds. Review of systems is negative for symptoms of depression but is positive for constipation, myalgias, and cold intolerance. Physical exam is notable for... | Serum TSH | {
"A": "Level of anti-thyroid peroxidase (TPO) antibodies",
"B": "Morning cortisol and plasma ACTH",
"C": "Serum TSH",
"D": "Hemoglobin and hematocrit"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old female presents",
"primary care physician",
"fatigue",
"last three months",
"experienced decreased energy",
"gained",
"pounds",
"Review of systems",
"negative",
"symptoms of depression",
"positive",
"constipation",
"myalgias",
"cold intolerance",
"Physical exam",
"notable",
... |
A 16-year-old man presents to the clinic accompanied by his father, with the complaints of high fever, sore throat, and bloody diarrhea for 4 days. He adds that he is also nauseous and vomited several times in the past 2 days. He denies any recent travel or eating outside. He recently started a dog-walking business. Th... | Yersiniosis | {
"A": "Yersiniosis",
"B": "C. difficile colitis",
"C": "Bacillus cereus infection",
"D": "Rotavirus infection"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"year old man presents",
"clinic",
"father",
"complaints",
"high fever",
"sore throat",
"bloody diarrhea",
"4 days",
"adds",
"nauseous",
"vomited several times",
"past 2 days",
"denies",
"recent travel",
"eating outside",
"recently started",
"dog walking business",
"father relates"... |
A 22-year-old man with no significant past medical, surgical, social, or family history presents to the clinic with an itchy rash. His review of systems is otherwise negative. The patient’s blood pressure is 119/80 mm Hg, the pulse is 83/min, the respiratory rate is 15/min, and the temperature is 36.8°C (98.4°F). Physi... | Iron deficiency anemia | {
"A": "Hyperparathyroidism",
"B": "Type 2 diabetes mellitus",
"C": "Iron deficiency anemia",
"D": "Visible hematuria"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old man",
"significant past medical",
"surgical",
"social",
"family history presents",
"clinic",
"itchy rash",
"review of systems",
"negative",
"patients blood pressure",
"80 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"83 min",
"respiratory rate",
"min",
"temperature",
"36",
"98 4F",
"Physical exami... |
A 4-month-old boy is brought to the physician by his father because of a progressively worsening rash on his buttocks for the last week. He cries during diaper changes and is more fussy than usual. Physical examination of the boy shows erythematous papules and plaques in the bilateral inguinal creases, on the scrotum, ... | Oval, budding yeast with pseudohyphae | {
"A": "Oval, budding yeast with pseudohyphae",
"B": "Fruiting bodies with septate, acute-angle hyphae",
"C": "Round yeast surrounded by budding yeast cells",
"D": "Broad-based budding yeast\n\""
} | step1 | A | [
"4 month old boy",
"brought",
"physician",
"father",
"worsening rash",
"buttocks",
"last week",
"cries",
"diaper changes",
"more fussy",
"usual",
"Physical examination",
"boy shows erythematous papules",
"plaques",
"bilateral inguinal",
"scrotum",
"gluteal cleft",
"Small areas",
... |
Four days after undergoing a Whipple procedure for newly-diagnosed pancreatic cancer, a 65-year-old man has shortness of breath. His surgery was complicated by bleeding for which he required intraoperative transfusion with 4 units of packed red blood cells and 1 unit of platelets. His temperature is 38.8°C (101.8°F), p... | Diffuse inflammatory alveolar damage | {
"A": "Decreased chest wall compliance",
"B": "Formation of anti-leukocyte antibodies",
"C": "Diffuse inflammatory alveolar damage",
"D": "Increased left atrial pressures"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"Four days",
"Whipple procedure",
"newly diagnosed pancreatic cancer",
"65 year old man",
"shortness of breath",
"surgery",
"complicated",
"bleeding",
"required",
"transfusion",
"of packed red blood cells",
"1 unit",
"platelets",
"temperature",
"pulse",
"min",
"respirations",
"min"... |
A 6-year-old boy is brought to the pediatric emergency department after having an accident at school. According to his parents, he punched a student in the mouth, which caused a deep laceration to his hand. The child’s past medical history is unremarkable and all of his vaccines are current. A physical examination is s... | Amoxicillin-clavulanate | {
"A": "Dicloxacillin",
"B": "Clindamycin",
"C": "Metronidazole",
"D": "Amoxicillin-clavulanate"
} | step1 | D | [
"year old boy",
"brought",
"pediatric emergency department",
"accident",
"school",
"parents",
"punched",
"student",
"mouth",
"caused",
"deep",
"hand",
"childs past medical history",
"unremarkable",
"vaccines",
"current",
"physical examination",
"significant",
"stable vital signs"... |
A 38-year-old male presents for counseling by a psychologist mandated by the court. The patient explains that he does not mean to hit his wife when they are arguing, but something just comes over him that he cannot control. Upon further discussion, the patient reveals that his father was incarcerated several times for ... | Identification | {
"A": "Acting out",
"B": "Identification",
"C": "Reaction formation",
"D": "Splitting"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old male presents",
"counseling",
"psychologist",
"court",
"patient",
"not mean to hit",
"wife",
"over",
"control",
"further discussion",
"patient reveals",
"father",
"incarcerated several times",
"abusing",
"mother",
"following best",
"behavior seen",
"patient"
] |
A 13-year-old girl presents to her pediatrician with vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain. The patient states that this has happened sporadically over the past 4 months. She is currently experiencing these symptoms and has soaked through 1 pad today. She denies being sexually active or using any illicit substances. Her ... | Reassurance and discharge | {
"A": "Administer azithromycin and ceftriaxone",
"B": "Order a coagulation profile",
"C": "Perform hysteroscopy and biopsy",
"D": "Reassurance and discharge"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old girl presents",
"pediatrician",
"vaginal bleeding",
"abdominal pain",
"patient states",
"happened sporadically",
"past",
"months",
"currently experiencing",
"symptoms",
"soaked",
"pad today",
"denies",
"sexually active",
"using",
"illicit substances",
"normal limits",
"ph... |
A 40-year-old man is physically and verbally abusive towards his wife and two children. When he was a child, he and his mother were similarly abused by his father. Which of the following psychological defense mechanisms is this man demonstrating? | Identification | {
"A": "Identification",
"B": "Distortion",
"C": "Projection",
"D": "Splitting"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"40 year old man",
"wife",
"two children",
"child",
"mother",
"abused",
"father",
"following psychological defense mechanisms",
"man"
] |
A 50-year-old man presents to his primary care provider complaining of smelling abnormal odors on several occasions. He says that he smells burnt rubber even though there is nothing burning and no one around him can smell what he does. This symptom has been intermittently bothering him for the past 6 months. Also durin... | Neuroblastoma | {
"A": "Psychomotor epilepsy",
"B": "Neuroblastoma",
"C": "Hypnagogic hallucination",
"D": "Schizophrenia"
} | step1 | B | [
"50 year old man presents",
"primary care provider",
"smelling abnormal odors",
"several occasions",
"smells burnt rubber",
"burning",
"no one",
"smell",
"symptom",
"past 6 months",
"period",
"occasional nosebleeds",
"works",
"high school teacher",
"work gets",
"little stressful",
"e... |
A 25-year-old man presents to the emergency department with back pain. He states that it started yesterday and has been gradually getting worse. He states that the pain is worsened with moving and lifting and is relieved with rest and ibuprofen. He has a past medical history of smoking and IV drug abuse and states he l... | Muscle strain | {
"A": "Compression fracture",
"B": "Epidural abscess",
"C": "Epidural hematoma",
"D": "Muscle strain"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"year old man presents",
"emergency department",
"back pain",
"states",
"started",
"getting worse",
"states",
"pain",
"worsened",
"moving",
"lifting",
"relieved with rest",
"ibuprofen",
"past medical",
"IV drug abuse",
"states",
"last used IV drugs 2 days",
"thinks",
"symptoms",
... |
A 37-year-old nulliparous woman comes to the physician because of a 6-month history of heavy, prolonged bleeding with menstruation, dyspareunia, and cyclical abdominal pain. Menses previously occurred at regular 28-day intervals and lasted 4 days with normal flow. Pelvic examination shows an asymmetrically enlarged, no... | Leiomyoma | {
"A": "Endometrial hyperplasia",
"B": "Endometriosis",
"C": "Leiomyoma",
"D": "Adenomyosis"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old nulliparous woman",
"physician",
"month history",
"heavy",
"prolonged bleeding",
"menstruation",
"dyspareunia",
"cyclical abdominal pain",
"Menses",
"occurred",
"regular",
"day intervals",
"lasted 4 days",
"normal flow",
"Pelvic examination shows",
"enlarged",
"nodular uter... |
A 2-year-old girl presents with a rash on her body. Patient’s mother says she noticed the rash onset about 5 hours ago. For the previous 3 days, she says the patient has had a high fever of 39.0°C (102.2°F). Today the fever abruptly subsided but the rash appeared. Vitals are temperature 37.0°C (98.6°F), blood pressure ... | Roseola | {
"A": "Measles",
"B": "Rubella",
"C": "Roseola",
"D": "Varicella"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"2 year old girl presents",
"rash",
"body",
"Patients mother",
"rash onset",
"hours",
"previous",
"days",
"patient",
"high fever",
"Today",
"fever",
"rash appeared",
"temperature",
"98",
"blood pressure 95 55 mm Hg",
"pulse",
"min",
"respiratory rate 30/min",
"oxygen 99",
"ro... |
On a Sunday afternoon, a surgical oncologist and his family attend a football game in the city where he practices. While at the game, he runs into a physician colleague that works at the same institution. After some casual small talk, his colleague inquires, "Are you taking care of Mr. Clarke, my personal trainer? I he... | No information at all | {
"A": "The patient's name",
"B": "The patient's diagnosis",
"C": "No information at all",
"D": "Only that Mr. Clarke is his patient"
} | step1 | C | [
"Sunday afternoon",
"surgical oncologist",
"family attend",
"football game",
"city",
"practices",
"game",
"runs",
"physician",
"works",
"same institution",
"small talk",
"taking care",
"Mr",
"personal trainer",
"I heard",
"melanoma",
"I",
"tarted ",
"hemotherapy ",
"erformed ... |
A 60-year-old Caucasian man comes to the physician because of progressive fatigue, shortness of breath, and leg swelling for the past 4 months. He has to pause several times when climbing one flight of stairs. For the past 10 years, he has had joint pain in his hands, wrists, and knees. He has diabetes mellitus and hyp... | Regular phlebotomy | {
"A": "Smoking cessation",
"B": "Nocturnal continuous positive airway pressure therapy",
"C": "Surgical valve repair",
"D": "Regular phlebotomy"
} | step2&3 | D | [
"60 year old Caucasian man",
"physician",
"progressive fatigue",
"shortness of breath",
"leg swelling",
"past",
"months",
"to pause several times",
"climbing one flight",
"stairs",
"past 10 years",
"joint pain",
"hands",
"wrists",
"knees",
"diabetes mellitus",
"hypertension controlle... |
An 83-year-old male presents to the emergency department with altered mental status. The patient’s vitals signs are as follows: temperature is 100.7 deg F (38.2 deg C), blood pressure is 143/68 mmHg, heart rate is 102/min, and respirations are 22/min. The caretaker states that the patient is usually incontinent of urin... | Detection of urinary nitrate conversion by gram-negative pathogens | {
"A": "Detection of an enzyme produced by red blood cells",
"B": "Direct detection of white blood cell surface proteins",
"C": "Detection of urinary nitrate conversion by gram-negative pathogens",
"D": "Detection of an enzyme produced by gram-negative pathogens"
} | step1 | C | [
"83 year old male presents",
"emergency department",
"altered mental status",
"patients",
"signs",
"follows",
"temperature",
"100",
"deg F",
"blood pressure",
"68 mmHg",
"heart rate",
"min",
"respirations",
"min",
"caretaker states",
"patient",
"usually incontinent of urine",
"no... |
A 53-year-old woman presents to the clinic with a 1-month history of a ‘pounding’ in her head and neck and swelling of her feet. She has frequent episodes of diffuse wheezing that occur sporadically without known triggers and last for 1–2 hours. She was recently prescribed albuterol by an external physician but it did ... | Cholelithiasis | {
"A": "Thromboembolism",
"B": "Pancreatitis",
"C": "Cholelithiasis",
"D": "Hypoglycemia"
} | step2&3 | C | [
"year old woman presents",
"clinic",
"1-month history",
"pounding",
"head and neck",
"swelling of",
"feet",
"frequent episodes of diffuse wheezing",
"occur sporadically",
"known triggers",
"last",
"12 hours",
"recently prescribed albuterol",
"external physician",
"not",
"symptoms",
"... |
An 8-year old boy with no past medical history presents to the emergency room with 24-hours of severe abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, and non-bloody diarrhea. His mom states that he has barely eaten in the past 24 hours and has been clutching his abdomen, first near his belly button and now near his right hip. His te... | Appendiceal lymphoid hyperplasia | {
"A": "Diverticulum in the terminal ileum",
"B": "Appendiceal lymphoid hyperplasia",
"C": "Structural abnormality of the appendix",
"D": "Twisting of the spermatic cord"
} | step1 | B | [
"year old boy",
"past medical history presents",
"emergency room",
"24-hours",
"severe abdominal",
"nausea",
"vomiting",
"non bloody diarrhea",
"mom states",
"eaten",
"past 24 hours",
"abdomen",
"first",
"belly button",
"now",
"right hip",
"temperature",
"4F",
"blood pressure",
... |
A 57-year-old man with diabetes mellitus type 2 presents for a routine follow-up. His blood glucose levels have been inconsistently controlled with metformin and lifestyle modifications since his diagnosis 3 years ago. He is currently is on metformin and diet control with exercise. The vital signs are as follows a bloo... | Glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion | {
"A": "Normal kidney biopsy; no pathological finding is evident at this time",
"B": "Glomerular hypertrophy with slight glomerular basement membrane thickening",
"C": "Significant global glomerulosclerosis",
"D": "Glomerular basement membrane thickening and mesangial expansion"
} | step1 | D | [
"57 year old man",
"diabetes mellitus type 2 presents",
"routine follow-up",
"blood glucose levels",
"controlled",
"metformin",
"lifestyle modifications",
"diagnosis",
"years",
"currently",
"metformin",
"diet control",
"exercise",
"vital signs",
"follows",
"blood pressure",
"mm Hg",
... |
A 30-year-old primigravida schedules an appointment with her obstetrician for a regular check-up. She says that everything is fine, although she reports that her baby has stopped moving as much as previously. She is 22 weeks gestation. She denies any pain or vaginal bleeding. The obstetrician performs an ultrasound and... | Fetal demise | {
"A": "Missed abortion",
"B": "Fetal demise",
"C": "Incomplete abortion",
"D": "Ectopic pregnancy"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"30 year old primigravida schedules",
"appointment",
"obstetrician",
"regular check-up",
"fine",
"reports",
"baby",
"stopped moving",
"much",
"weeks gestation",
"denies",
"pain",
"vaginal bleeding",
"obstetrician performs",
"ultrasound",
"orders routine blood",
"urine tests",
"ultr... |
A 67-year-old man presents to the physician because of low-back pain for 6 months. The pain is more localized to the left lower back and sacral area. It is constant without any radiation to the leg. He has no significant past medical history. He takes ibuprofen for pain control. His father developed a bone disease at 6... | Alkaline phosphatase | {
"A": "Alkaline phosphatase",
"B": "Osteocalcin",
"C": "Parathyroid hormone",
"D": "Phosphorus"
} | step2&3 | A | [
"67 year old man presents",
"physician",
"of low-back pain",
"months",
"pain",
"more localized",
"left lower back",
"sacral area",
"constant",
"radiation",
"leg",
"significant past medical history",
"takes ibuprofen",
"pain control",
"father",
"bone disease",
"60 years of age",
"fr... |
A 33-year-old man is admitted to hospital with a 1-week history of productive bloody cough, weight loss, and nocturnal sweats. He is of a lower socioeconomic status and has a history of alcohol and drug abuse. On physical examination his vital signs are as follows: blood pressure is 130/70 mm Hg, heart rate is 89/min, ... | DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, transcription | {
"A": "DNA-dependent DNA polymerase, transcription",
"B": "DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, translation",
"C": "DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, transcription",
"D": "DNA-dependent RNA polymerase, splicing"
} | step1 | C | [
"year old man",
"admitted",
"hospital",
"1-week history of productive bloody cough",
"weight loss",
"nocturnal sweats",
"lower socioeconomic status",
"history",
"alcohol",
"drug abuse",
"physical examination",
"vital signs",
"follows",
"blood pressure",
"70 mm Hg",
"heart rate",
"min... |
A 68-year-old man presents to his primary care physician with complaints of intermittent dysuria, pain with ejaculation, mild lower abdominal pain, and difficulty voiding for the last four months. There is no weight loss or change in stools. He has no known family history of cancer. His past medical history is notable ... | Tamsulosin and ciprofloxacin | {
"A": "Ciprofloxacin",
"B": "Tamsulosin and ciprofloxacin",
"C": "Finasteride",
"D": "Duloxetine"
} | step2&3 | B | [
"68 year old man presents",
"primary care physician",
"complaints",
"intermittent dysuria",
"pain",
"ejaculation",
"mild lower abdominal pain",
"difficulty voiding",
"four months",
"weight loss",
"change in stools",
"known family history of cancer",
"past medical history",
"notable",
"ir... |
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