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Introduction {#s1}
============
Rsp5, the sole member of the Nedd4 E3 ligase family in *S. cerevisiae*, has been implicated in various steps in intracellular trafficking, including endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins [@pone.0075372-Horak1] such as the Fur4 uracil permease [@pone.0075372-Galan1] and the Mat α recep... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = rsp5, the sole member within the nedd4 e3 ligase family in * s. cerevisiae *, has been implicated in various steps in intracellular trafficking, including endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins [ @ pone. 0075372 - horak1 ] such as the fur4 uracil permease [ @ pone. 0075372... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Rsp5, the sole member of the Nedd4 E3 ligase family in * S. cerevisiae *, has been implicated in various steps in intracellular trafficking, including endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins [@ pone. 0075372 - Ho5akq] such as the Fur4 uracil permease [@ pone. 0075372 - Galan1... | Introduction {#s1} Rsp5, the sole of the Nedd4 ligase family in *S. cerevisiae*, has been various steps in intracellular trafficking, including endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins [@pone.0075372-Horak1] such as the Fur4 uracil permease [@pone.0075372-Galan1] and the Mat α receptor Ste2 [@pone.0075372-Dunn1]. Apart ... | INTroDuctiOn {#S1}
============
rsP5, THE sOLe MEMBER Of thE nEDD4 e3 liGAsE fAmiLY in *s. cerEVISiAE*, Has BEEN IMPlIcAted In vaRIous stePs iN iNTrACELluLar TRaffickIng, iNcLuding ENdoCyTOSiS Of plaSMa MembRAnE pRoTEiNs [@ponE.0075372-horak1] Such as tHe FuR4 Uracil permeaSe [@ponE.0075372-gAlAN1] AnD thE mAt Α receP... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Rsp5, the sole member of the Nedd4 E3 ligase family in *S. cerevisiae*, has been implicated in various steps in intracellular trafficking, including endocytosis ofplasma membrane proteins [@pone.0075372-Horak1] such asthe Fur4 uracilpermease [@pone.0075372-Galan1] andtheMat α rec... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Rsp5, the sole member of _the_ Nedd4 E3 _ligase_ family in _*S._ _cerevisiae*,_ has _been_ implicated in various _steps_ _in_ intracellular trafficking, _including_ endocytosis of plasma membrane proteins [@pone.0075372-Horak1] such as the Fur4 uracil permease [@pone.0075372-Galan1] and ... |
Introduction
============
Cell fate is known to be regulated by signals from the microenvironment,[@cit1] not only through soluble signals but also through biophysical cues.[@cit2]--[@cit5] Biophysical cues, including topographical features, geometries and substrate stiffness, control upstream cytoskeleton assembly an... | → = = = = = = = = = = = = cell fate is known to be regulated by signals from the microenvironment, [ @ cit1 ] not only through soluble signals but also through biophysical cues. [ @ cit2 ] - - [ @ cit5 ] biophysical cues, including boundary features, geometries and substrate stiffness, control upstream cytoskeleton ass... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Cell fate is known to be tegulatrd by signals from the microenvironment, [@ cit1] not only through soluble signals but also through biophysical cues. [@ cit2] - - [@ cit5] Biophysical cues, including topographical features, geometries and substrate stiffness, control upstream cytosk... | Introduction ============ Cell fate is known to be regulated by signals from the microenvironment,[@cit1] not only through signals but also through biophysical cues.[@cit2]--[@cit5] Biophysical cues, including topographical features, substrate stiffness, control upstream cytoskeleton assembly and downstream gene expres... | intrODuCTIOn
============
celL fate iS KNoWN to Be rEgUlATEd By SIGNAlS fROM ThE miCroEnViRoNment,[@CIt1] nOt ONLY tHRoUGh SolUBLE siGnAlS BUT ALsO THrougH BiOphYsIcal CueS.[@cit2]--[@ciT5] BIoPhYSIcAl CuEs, iNCLuDing TopOGRApHicaL fEAtUres, gEoMEtRiES aNd sUbStRaTe sTiFFNESS, coNtROL UpSTREAM CYtoSKelETon assEmBLY An... | Introduction ============ Cell fate is known to be regulated by signals from the microenvironment,[@cit1] not onlythroughsoluble signals but also through biophysical cues.[@cit2]--[@cit5] Biophysical cues, including topographicalfeatures, geometries and substrate stiffness, control upstreamcytoskel... | Introduction ============ _Cell_ fate is _known_ to be regulated _by_ signals from the microenvironment,[@cit1] _not_ only _through_ soluble signals _but_ also through biophysical cues.[@cit2]--[@cit5] Biophysical cues, including _topographical_ features, geometries _and_ substrate stiffness, control _upstream_ cytoske... |
All relevant data are within the paper files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Osteoporosis is a global public health problem currently affecting nearly 50 million of individuals in the industrialized countries and representing a major public health burden nowadays and for the foreseeable future \[[@pone.0172100.r... | all relevant data are within the paper files. introduction { # sec001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = osteoporosis is a major public health problem currently affecting nearly 50 million of individuals in the industrialized countries and representing their major public health burden nowadays and for the foreseeable future \ [... | All relevant data are within the paper files. Introduction {# sec001} = = = = = = = = = = = = Osteoporosis is a global public health problem currently affecting nearly 50 million of individuals in the industrialized countries and representing a major public health burden nowadays and for the foreseeable future \ [[ @ p... | All relevant data are within the paper files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Osteoporosis is a global health problem currently affecting nearly 50 million in the industrialized countries and representing major health burden nowadays and for the foreseeable future \[[@pone.0172100.ref001]\]. It is by an imbalance i... | ALl RelevANT dATA ArE wItHIN The PAPer filES.
intRodUCTIoN {#Sec001}
============
OsTeoPorOsIS is A gLOBaL PubLIC hEALTH problEm CUrrENtLy AffectiNG nEaRLY 50 miLlIOn oF InDIvIDUaLs IN the IndUsTRIaliZED cOUntrIeS aND rePREsENTinG A MajOR PuBLic HEaLTh burDEN nOwaDayS ANd for thE foReSEEabLe fuTuRe \[[@PoNe.0172100.r... | All relevant data are within the paper files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Osteoporosis is a global publichealthproblem currently affecting nearly 50 million of individuals inthe industrialized countriesand representinga major public health burden nowadaysand for the foreseeable future \[[@po... | All relevant data are _within_ the paper _files._ _Introduction_ {#sec001} ============ Osteoporosis _is_ a global public health problem currently affecting nearly 50 million of individuals _in_ the _industrialized_ countries and representing a major public health burden nowadays _and_ for the foreseeable future \[[@po... |
Introduction
============
Protein--protein interactions (PPIs) are critical to almost all biological process, and a good knowledge of the network of interacting proteins is crucial to understanding cellular mechanisms ([@ref-81]). Recent advances in biotechnology, such as high-throughput yeast two-hybrid screening, ha... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = protein - - protein interactions ( pts ) are critical to almost all biological understanding, and a good knowledge of the network of interacting proteins is crucial to understanding cellular mechanisms ( [ @ ref - 81 ] ). recent advances in biotechnology, such as high - throughput y... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Protein - - protein interactions (PPIs) are critical to almost all biological process, and a good knowledge of the network of interacting proteins is crucial to understanding cellular mechanisms ([ @ ref - 81] ). Recent advances in biotechnology, such as high - throughput yeast two ... | Introduction ============ Protein--protein interactions (PPIs) are critical to almost all biological process, and a good knowledge of the network of is crucial to understanding mechanisms ([@ref-81]). in biotechnology, such as high-throughput yeast have allowed scientists build of proteome-wide or interactome. Conventi... | IntroducTiON
============
pRoTeIn--PrOTEiN IntERactIoNs (ppIS) are criTIcAL to ALmOsT AlL biOLOgiCAl PrOcEsS, And a gOoD KnowLEDGE oF thE nETWOrK OF IntERaCTiNG prOtEiNS IS CrUciAl TO UNDErstANdINg cELLULaR mecHaNISMs ([@REF-81]). rEcENt ADVANcEs in bIotEchnOlogY, SUch as HIgH-thROUGHpUt YEaSt TWO-HYBriD ScReEnIng, ha... | Introduction ============ Protein--protein interactions (PPIs) are critical to almost all biological process, and agood knowledge of the network of interactingproteins is crucial tounderstanding cellular mechanisms ([@ref-81]). Recent advances in biotechnology, such as high-throughput yeast two-hybrid... | _Introduction_ ============ Protein--protein interactions _(PPIs)_ are critical to almost all _biological_ process, and a good _knowledge_ of the network of interacting proteins _is_ crucial to understanding cellular mechanisms ([@ref-81]). _Recent_ advances in biotechnology, such as high-throughput yeast two-hybrid sc... |
Introduction
============
Physical inactivity is related to all-cause mortality and implicated in 6% of total deaths globally ([@B71], [@B71]). Physical inactivity is also associated with increased risk from multiple chronic illnesses and conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers, and obesity... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = physical inactivity is related to all - cause mortality and implicated in 6 % of total deaths globally ( [ @ b71 ], [ @ b71 ] ). physical inactivity is normally associated with increased risk from multiple chronic illnesses and conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, ... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Physical inactivity is related to all - cause mortality and implicated in 6% of total deaths globally ([ @ B71 ], [@ B71] ). Physical inactivity is also associated with increased risk from multiple chronic illnesses and conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some can... | ============ Physical inactivity is related all-cause mortality and implicated 6% of total deaths globally ([@B71], [@B71]). Physical inactivity also associated with increased risk multiple chronic illnesses and conditions including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers, and obesity ([@B8]; [@B6]; [@B9]). Nume... | INTroductION
============
phYSicAl inaCtIvITy Is RElAteD to aLL-CaUSe MoRTaLity and IMpLICaTEd IN 6% of TotAL dEATHS GloBaLlY ([@b71], [@b71]). PhYsiCaL INACtIVity iS aLso asSOcIaTEd WiTh INCREAsed rIsk fROM mUltiplE ChrOnIC IlLNEsSEs AND cOnDItIonS INCLUDiNG caRdIOvascuLar disEASe, diAbETeS, soME cAnceRs, AND oBESity... | Introduction ============ Physical inactivityis related to all-cause mortality and implicated in 6% of total deaths globally ([@B71], [@B71]). Physical inactivity isalsoassociated with increased risk from multiple chronic illnesses and conditions including cardiovascular disease,diabetes, ... | Introduction ============ Physical inactivity is related to all-cause mortality and _implicated_ in 6% of total deaths globally _([@B71],_ [@B71]). Physical inactivity is also associated with increased risk from _multiple_ chronic illnesses _and_ conditions _including_ cardiovascular disease, diabetes, some cancers, _a... |
1. Background {#sec1}
=============
Volatile oils (VOs) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antiviral, antibacterial, cholesterol inhibition, and insecticide activities \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The chemical structures of VOs determine their therapeutic activities \[[@B3]\]. Recently, ... | 1. background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = volatile oils ( vos ) have antioxidant, anti - inflammatory, anticancer, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antiviral, antibacterial, cholesterol inhibition, and insecticide activities \ [ [ @ b1 ], [ @ b2 ] \ ]. the chemical structures of vos determine their therapeutic acti... | 1. Background {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = Volatile oils (VOs) have antioxidant, anti - inflammatory, anticancrF, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antiviral, antibacterial, cholesterol inhibition, and insecticide activities \ [[ @ B1 ], [@ B2] \ ]. The chemical structures of VOs determine their therapeutic activities ... | 1. Background {#sec1} ============= Volatile oils have antioxidant, anticancer, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antiviral, cholesterol inhibition, and insecticide activities \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The chemical structures of determine their therapeutic activities \[[@B3]\]. Recently, there is great attention towards natural anti... | 1. BaCkgROund {#SeC1}
=============
vOlAtIlE oilS (vOs) HAVe anTIOXidaNT, antI-iNFLAmmAtoRY, AnTICaNcer, AnThELMINtiC, anTiMalaRiAl, ANTiVIraL, anTibActERiAl, ChOLEstEROl iNHibItiOn, And INSecTicIDE acTiVitieS \[[@B1], [@b2]\]. the cHemICaL sTRUcTures OF VoS deteRMinE tHeIr ThERapEuTIc AcTivitiEs \[[@B3]\]. reCeNTly, ... | 1.Background{#sec1}=============Volatile oils (VOs) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelmintic, antimalarial, antiviral,antibacterial, cholesterol inhibition,and insecticideactivities \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Thechemical structures of VOsdetermine their therapeutic activities \[[@B3]\]. Recentl... | 1. Background {#sec1} ============= Volatile oils (VOs) have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anthelmintic, _antimalarial,_ antiviral, _antibacterial,_ cholesterol inhibition, and insecticide activities \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. The _chemical_ structures of VOs determine _their_ therapeutic _activities_ \[[@B3]\]. _... |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
The presentation of two simultaneous primary tumours is rare \[[@RJU066C1]\]. In the paper we report on an 82-year-old female who was diagnosed with primary breast and bladder cancer. We review the literature on multiple primary cancers (MPC) and discuss the diagnostic and treatment cha... | introduction { # c } = = = = = = = = = = = = the presentation of two simultaneous primary tumours is rare \ [ [ @ rju066c1 ] \ ]. in the paper we report on an 82 - year - old female who was diagnosed with primary breast and bladder cancer. we review the literature on multiple primary cancers ( mpc ) and discuss the dia... | INTRODUCTION {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = The presentation of two simultaneous primary tumours is rare \ [[ @ RJU066C1] \ ]. In the paper we report on an 82 - year - old female who was diagnosed with primary breast and bladder cancer. We review the literature on multiple primary cancers (MPC) and discuss the diagnost... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ The presentation of two simultaneous primary tumours is rare \[[@RJU066C1]\]. In the paper we report on an female who was with primary breast and bladder cancer. We review literature on multiple cancers (MPC) and discuss the diagnostic and treatment challenges of metachronous and breast ... | INtroDUCTIOn {#S1}
============
The PRESEnTatIOn of TWO sIMUlTaneOUs PRIMarY TUmoUrs iS RARe \[[@Rju066C1]\]. iN the pAPeR We REpOrT oN an 82-yeAr-Old FemaLE Who WaS DIAGnOsED With pRimaRy bREaST AND BlADder CANCeR. wE REviEw ThE lITErAture on MulTIPle PrImARY CANcERS (Mpc) AND dIScuss THE diAgNosTIc anD tReAtmEnt cHA... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ The presentation of twosimultaneous primary tumours is rare \[[@RJU066C1]\]. In the paper we report on an 82-year-old female who was diagnosed with primary breastandbladdercancer. We review the literature on multiple primary cancers (MPC) and discuss the ... | _INTRODUCTION_ {#s1} ============ _The_ _presentation_ _of_ two simultaneous _primary_ tumours is rare _\[[@RJU066C1]\]._ In the paper we report on an _82-year-old_ female who was diagnosed _with_ primary _breast_ and bladder cancer. We review the literature on multiple primary cancers (MPC) _and_ discuss the diagnosti... |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Topical timolol maleate is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker that is commonly used for treatment of open-angle glaucoma. It has been frequently used as first-line therapy for reduction of associated ocular hypertension. While systemic concentration after administration... | introduction { # sec1 - 1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = topical timolol maleate is a nonselective beta - adrenergic receptor blocker that is commonly used for treatment of open - angle glaucoma. it has been traditionally used as first - line therapy for reduction of associated ocular hypertension. while systemic concentrat... | INTRODUCTION {# sec1 - 1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Topical timolol maleate is a nonselective beta - sdremergic receptor blocker that is commonly used for treaymwnt of open - angle glaucoma. It has been frequently used as first - line therapy for reduction of associated ocular hypertension. While systemic concentration a... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============ maleate is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker is commonly used for treatment of open-angle It has been frequently used as first-line therapy for reduction of associated ocular hypertension. While systemic concentration after administration of topical beta-blockers is low... | iNTrodUCtION {#sEc1-1}
============
toPicaL TiMoloL maLEAtE Is A NonsElEcTivE BEtA-ADREnerGIC RECEPtOR BlocKER thAT Is ComMonLy UseD For tREATment of oPeN-ANGLe GLAuCoMa. IT HaS beEN FREquenTLy UsED AS fIrST-LINE tHeRApY FoR REduCTiOn oF AsSocIaTEd oCuLar HyPertEnSIon. wHIlE SYsTeMIc cONceNtRAtiOn aFTEr ADmINiStRation... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============Topical timolol maleate is a nonselective beta-adrenergic receptor blocker thatiscommonly used for treatment of open-angle glaucoma. It has been frequently used as first-line therapy for reduction ofassociated ocular hypertension. While systemic concentration after adminis... | _INTRODUCTION_ _{#sec1-1}_ ============ Topical timolol maleate _is_ a _nonselective_ beta-adrenergic receptor blocker that is commonly used _for_ treatment of open-angle _glaucoma._ It has been frequently used _as_ first-line therapy for reduction _of_ associated ocular hypertension. While systemic _concentration_ _af... |
Small organic and metal-containing molecules (MW \< 1000) can catalyse synthetically useful reactions with the high levels of stereo-selectivity typically associated with macromolecular enzymatic catalysts. Whereas enzymes are generally understood to accelerate reactions and impart selectivity by *stabilising* specific... | small organic and metal - containing molecules ( mw \ < f ) can catalyse synthetically useful reactions with the high levels of stereo - selectivity typically associated with macromolecular enzymatic phenomena. whereas enzymes are generally understood to accelerate growth and impart selectivity by * stabilising * speci... | Small organic and metal - containing molecules (MW \ <1000) can catalyse synthetically useful reactions with the high levels of stereo - selectivity typically associated with macromolecular enzymatic catalysts. Whereas enzymes are generally understood to aXFelerate reactions and impart selectivity by * stabilising * sp... | Small organic and molecules (MW \< 1000) catalyse synthetically useful reactions with the high levels of stereo-selectivity typically associated with enzymatic catalysts. Whereas enzymes are generally understood to accelerate reactions and impart selectivity by specific structures through networks of interactions, enan... | Small ORgANiC aNd MetAl-contAIniNG MOLECULeS (mW \< 1000) caN caTAlysE synTHETIcALLy usefUL rEActionS wItH The HIGH LEVeLs OF StereO-sELeCTIVITY TYpICallY asSocIATEd with MaCRomoLEculAR ENzYMatIC CatALYSTS. wHeREAS eNZYmEs ARE GeneRALLY UNdeRSTOOd to aCCELEratE reACtIons ANd IMpaRt selEcTivity bY *StabILisInG* SPEciFiC... | Small organic and metal-containing molecules (MW \< 1000) can catalyse synthetically usefulreactions with the high levels ofstereo-selectivity typically associated with macromolecular enzymatic catalysts. Whereas enzymes are generallyunderstood to accelerate reactions and impart selectivity by*stabili... | Small organic _and_ metal-containing _molecules_ _(MW_ \< 1000) can _catalyse_ synthetically useful reactions with _the_ high levels of _stereo-selectivity_ typically associated with macromolecular enzymatic catalysts. Whereas enzymes are _generally_ understood to _accelerate_ _reactions_ and impart selectivity by _*st... |
Introduction
============
Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a rare degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. Corneal nerves play an essential role in tear production and preservation of the normal metabolism and function of the ocular surface. Loss of sensitivity impairs corneal wound heali... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = neurotrophic keratitis ( nk ) is a rare degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal neurons. corneal nerves play an essential role in tear production and preservation of the normal metabolism and function of the ocular surface. loss of sensitivity impairs corneal wou... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) is a rare degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. Corneal nerves play an essential role in tear production and preservation of the normal metabolism and function of the ocular surface. Loss of sensitivity impairs corneal w... | Introduction ============ Neurotrophic keratitis is a rare degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. Corneal nerves play an essential role in tear production preservation of the normal metabolism function of the ocular surface. Loss sensitivity impairs corneal wound healing, to epithelial... | intrOdUCTIoN
============
nEurOTROPHIC KeraTITiS (NK) is A rarE DeGenEratIvE CORNEAL DiseAsE CAUSEd BY dAmagE OF tRigEMINAL InNErvATIon. coRnEal NErVEs PLAy aN EsSentiaL RolE IN tEar prOdUCtIoN And pResErVATioN Of ThE NorMaL MetabOlIsM AND FunctIoN of tHe oculaR SUrFACe. Loss OF SEnsiTiViTy IMpairS CorNeAL wouNd heali... | Introduction============Neurotrophic keratitis (NK) isa rare degenerative corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. Corneal nerves play an essential rolein tear productionand preservation of the normalmetabolism and function of the ocular surface. Loss ofsensitivityimpairs corneal woun... | Introduction ============ Neurotrophic keratitis _(NK)_ is a _rare_ _degenerative_ corneal disease caused by damage of trigeminal innervation. _Corneal_ nerves play an essential _role_ _in_ tear production _and_ preservation of the _normal_ _metabolism_ and function of _the_ ocular surface. Loss of sensitivity impairs ... |
Introduction {#s0005}
============
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant cancer with an unknown etiology and an unfavorable prognosis. The morbidity and mortality of CCA have increased year by year worldwide [@bb0005]. Because of limited diagnostic methodologies, the majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced st... | introduction { # s0005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = cholangiocarcinoma ( cca ) is a malignant cancer with an unknown etiology and an unfavorable prognosis. the morbidity and mortality of cca have increased year by year worldwide [ @ 4000 ]. because of limited diagnostic methodologies, the majority of patients are diagnose... | Introduction {# s0005} = = = = = = = = = = = = Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a malignant cancer with an unknown etiology and an unfavorable prognosis. The morbidity and mortality of CCA have increased year by year worldwide [@ bb0005 ]. Because of limited diagnostic methodologies, the majority of patients are diagnosed a... | Introduction {#s0005} Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is a cancer with an unknown etiology and an unfavorable prognosis. The morbidity mortality of CCA have increased year by year worldwide [@bb0005]. Because of limited diagnostic methodologies, the majority of patients are diagnosed at advanced stages and are not eligible fo... | IntRODuCTIon {#s0005}
============
CHOLAngioCARCinOma (cCa) Is a MaLIGNant Cancer witH aN unknowN eTiOLOgy And an UnfaVoRAbLe PRoGnOsIS. thE MOrbIDiTY and moRtALItY Of cCa HAve inCrEASED YEAr bY year WOrldwiDe [@Bb0005]. BECAUsE OF liMiTED diAGNostIc MeTHoDOloGiES, tHe maJORITy OF PATieNtS aRE dIAGNoseD AT advaNcED ST... | Introduction {#s0005} ============Cholangiocarcinoma(CCA) is a malignant cancer with an unknown etiology and an unfavorable prognosis. The morbidity and mortality of CCA have increased yearby yearworldwide [@bb0005]. Because of limiteddiagnostic methodologies, the majority of patients are diagnosed at a... | Introduction {#s0005} ============ Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is _a_ malignant cancer with _an_ unknown etiology and an _unfavorable_ prognosis. _The_ morbidity and mortality of CCA have increased year by year worldwide [@bb0005]. _Because_ of limited diagnostic _methodologies,_ the majority of patients _are_ diagnosed a... |
Introduction: tracking energy expenditure in athletes {#s1}
=====================================================
One of the unique characteristics of athletes is that energy requirements of training and competition increase their total daily energy expenditure (TDEE) beyond those of the general population (Westerterp... | introduction : tracking energy expenditure in athletes { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = one of the unique characteristics of athletes is that energy requirements of trainer and competition increase their total daily energy expenditure ( t... | Introduction: tracking energy expenditure in athletes {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = One of the unique characteristics of athletes is that energy requirements of training and competition increase their total daily energy expenditure (TDEE... | Introduction: tracking energy expenditure in athletes {#s1} One of the unique characteristics of athletes that requirements of training and competition increase their total daily energy (TDEE) beyond those of the general population (Westerterp, [@B52]). Energy requirements can vary considerably depending on exercise ty... | iNtrOducTIoN: TRacKIng enErgY eXpeNDITURe iN athleTeS {#s1}
=====================================================
ONE OF THE UNiqUe chARaCtErIstiCs of aThlEteS iS tHaT EneRgy requIReMeNtS OF TRAINinG anD comPEtitIoN INCreasE tHeIr TOtAL DAily EneRGY expeNDIture (tdee) bEYONd thoSE of The GENeraL POPUlATiOn (wESTErTERP... | Introduction:tracking energyexpenditure inathletes {#s1} ===================================================== One of the unique characteristics ofathletesis that energy requirements of training and competition increase theirtotal daily energy expenditure (TDEE) beyond those of the general population (Weste... | Introduction: tracking _energy_ expenditure _in_ _athletes_ _{#s1}_ ===================================================== One of the unique characteristics of athletes is that energy requirements of training and competition increase their _total_ daily energy expenditure (TDEE) beyond those _of_ the _general_ populatio... |
{#sp1 .21}
| ! [ ] ( cd - 0033 ) { # 2. 5 } | ! [] (indm2dgaz71e93 - 00E@) {# sp1. 21 } | {#sp1 .21}
| {#sP1 .21}
| {#sp1 .21} | {#sp1 _.21}_ |
Indoleamine 2,3--dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, also known as tryptophan pyrrolase) is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine in the first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism[@b1]. The great majority of tryptophan is known to be metabolized by the kynur... | indoleamine 2, beta - - dioxygenase 1 ( ido1, also known as tryptophan pyrrolase ) is a heme - containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of l - tryptophan to n - formyl - l - kynurenine in the first and rate - limiting step of tryptophan metabolism [ @ b1 ]. the great majority of tryptophan is known to be... | Indoleamine 2, 3 - - dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, also known as tryptophan pyrrolase) is a heme - containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of L - tryptophan to N - formyl - L - kynurenine in the first and rate - limiting step of tryptophan metabolism [@ b1 ]. The great majority of tryptophan is known to be metab... | 2,3--dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, also known tryptophan pyrrolase) is a enzyme catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine in the and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism[@b1]. The great majority tryptophan is known to be metabolized by the pathway in which tryptophan is degraded through se... | INDoLeAmine 2,3--dioxygENaSE 1 (ido1, aLSo KNowN AS tryPTophan pyRrOLasE) iS A hEme-ConTAiNInG EnZYmE thAt CAtaLYzeS tHe OXidAtiVe clEAvagE of L-tRyptophAN to N-FORMyL-L-kYNUrEnInE iN thE fIrST aND ratE-LiMitiNG sTep Of TrYPtOPhAn mETAboLiSM[@B1]. tHe GREat maJoRitY Of tRyPTOpHAN Is kNoWN TO Be metABoLizED bY thE kYNUr... | Indoleamine 2,3--dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, also known as tryptophan pyrrolase)is a heme-containing enzyme that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine in the first and rate-limiting step oftryptophan metabolism[@b1]. The great majority of tryptophanis known tobe metabol... | Indoleamine 2,3--dioxygenase 1 (IDO1, also _known_ as tryptophan pyrrolase) is a heme-containing _enzyme_ that catalyzes the oxidative cleavage of L-tryptophan to N-formyl-L-kynurenine _in_ the first and rate-limiting step of tryptophan metabolism[@b1]. The great _majority_ of tryptophan is known to _be_ metabolized by... |
Introduction {#Sec6}
============
Selective logging is the dominant commercial activity in forested areas of the tropics with strong conservation potential (Frumhoff, [@CR11]; Struhsaker, [@CR38]). This potential is arguably strongest in central Africa, where a combination of weak communications and infrastructure, la... | introduction { # sec6 } = = = = = = = = = = = = → logging is the dominant commercial activity in forested areas of the tropics with strong conservation potential ( frumhoff, [ @ cr11 ] ; struhsaker, [ @ cr38 ] ). this potential is arguably strongest in central africa, where a combination factors difficult communication... | Introduction {# Sec6} = = = = = = = = = = = = Selective logging is the dominant commercial activity in forested areas of the tropics with strong conservation potential (Frumhoff, [@ CR11 ]; Struhsaker, [@ CR38] ). This potential is arguably strongest in central Africa, where a combination of weak communications and inf... | Introduction ============ Selective logging is the dominant commercial activity in areas of the with strong conservation potential (Frumhoff, [@CR11]; Struhsaker, [@CR38]). This potential is strongest in central Africa, where a combination of weak communications and infrastructure, lack of logistics systems, and transp... | InTroDUCTIoN {#SeC6}
============
sElECTivE LoGging iS THe dOMinant COmmerCiAl ActIviTy in ForEstEd ArEaS oF THE tRoPiCS wItH stRONG COnSERvAtion PoTENTiAL (FRuMHofF, [@Cr11]; sTRuHsaKER, [@CR38]). THiS POTenTiAL IS arguablY stroNGest IN cENTrAl afRiCA, WHerE A ComBInATiOn OF WEak ComMUnIcaTIoNs anD infRASTrUctUre, LA... | Introduction {#Sec6}============ Selective logging is thedominant commercialactivityin forested areas of the tropics with strong conservation potential (Frumhoff, [@CR11]; Struhsaker,[@CR38]). This potential is arguably strongestin central Africa, where a combination of weak communications... | Introduction _{#Sec6}_ _============_ Selective logging _is_ _the_ dominant commercial activity in forested areas of the tropics with strong _conservation_ potential (Frumhoff, [@CR11]; Struhsaker, [@CR38]). This potential is arguably strongest in central Africa, _where_ a combination of _weak_ communications and infra... |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
Most of the world\'s population now lives in countries where fertility rates are plummeting, with a global demographic transition to low fertility projected by the end of this century \[[@RSPB20132732C1]\]. Yet explaining why and how fertility declines is a profound theoretical ... | 1.. introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = most of the world \ ' s population now lives in countries where fertility rates are plummeting, with a global reproductive transition to low fertility projected by the end of this century \ [ [ @ rspb20132732c1 ] \ ]. yet explaining why and how fertility decline... | 1. . Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Most of the world \ ' s population now lives in countries where fertility rates are plummeting, with a global demographic transition to low fertility projected by the end of this century \ [[ @ RSPB20132732C1] \ ]. Yet explaining why and how fertility declines is... | 1.. Introduction {#s1} ================ Most of the world\'s population now lives in countries where fertility rates are with global demographic transition to low fertility projected by the of this century \[[@RSPB20132732C1]\]. Yet explaining why and how fertility declines is a profound challenge because it remains un... | 1.. iNtRodUCtiON {#s1}
================
moSt oF tHE wORLd\'s POpUlATiOn Now liVes iN cOUNtriES wHere fErTiLITy rAtEs aRE pLUmMeTIng, WitH a GloBal deMographIC TrANsITion To LOw FERTilIty ProJeCteD By tHe enD OF This centuRy \[[@RsPB20132732C1]\]. YET exPlAiNINg WHY anD hOw feRTIlITy DEcLineS IS a proFounD theORETICAL ... | 1.. Introduction {#s1} ================ Most of the world\'s population nowlives in countries where fertilityrates areplummeting, with aglobaldemographic transition tolow fertility projected bythe end of this century \[[@RSPB20132732C1]\]. Yet explaining why and how fertility declinesis a profound theore... | _1.._ Introduction {#s1} _================_ Most of the world\'s population now _lives_ in countries _where_ fertility rates are plummeting, with a global demographic _transition_ to low fertility _projected_ by the end of _this_ century _\[[@RSPB20132732C1]\]._ Yet explaining why and how fertility declines is a profou... |
Introduction
============
The devastating prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), together with better knowledge of pathogenesis of the disease, have prompted search for new treatment strategies. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer novel opportunities for the management of T2DM as they are endowed w... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = the devastating prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus ( t2dm ), together with better knowledge on pathogenesis of the disease, have prompted search for new treatment strategies. dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 ( dpp - 4 ) inhibitors offer novel opportunities for the management of t2dm as ... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = The devastating prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM ), together with better knowledge of pathogenesis of the disease, have prompted search for new treatment strategies. Dipeptidyl peptidase - 4 (DPP - 4) inhibitors offer novel opportunities for the management of T2DM as the... | Introduction ============ The devastating prevalence type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), together with better knowledge of pathogenesis of disease, have prompted search for new treatment strategies. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer novel for the management of T2DM as they are endowed a new mechanism of acti... | INtroDUctiON
============
THe DEVASTATIng prEvALeNcE Of TyPe 2 dIABeTeS mellitUs (t2Dm), tOGeTher WITH BEtTEr kNowLeDge oF PathoGENESis OF ThE DiSeaSe, hAve PrOmpTeD seARch foR New trEATmeNt stRaTeGies. diPeptidyL PEpTiDaSE-4 (DPp-4) INhIbiTors offer nOVeL OPPORTuNItiEs fOr tHE mANAgEMENT Of t2DM aS theY Are eNDOwEd W... | Introduction ============The devastating prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM),together with better knowledge ofpathogenesis of thedisease, have prompted search for new treatmentstrategies. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer novel opportunities for the management of T2DM as they ... | Introduction ============ The devastating prevalence _of_ _type_ 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), together _with_ better knowledge of _pathogenesis_ of the disease, have prompted search for _new_ treatment strategies. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors offer novel opportunities for the _management_ _of_ T2DM _as_ the... |
1. Introduction {#sec0005}
===============
Neural representations of the body formed within the human brain, known as the body representation system (BRS), is central to the understanding of motor functions ([@bib0095], [@bib0230]). The BRS is constantly updated using sensory information, especially proprioception tha... | 1. introduction { # sec0005 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = neural representations of the body formed within the human brain, known as the body representation system ( brs ), is central to the understanding of motor functions ( [ @ bib0095 ], [ @ bib0230 ] ). the brs is constantly updated using sensory information, esp... | 1. Introduction {# sec0005} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Neural representations of the body formed within the human brain, known as the body representation system (BRS ), is central to the understanding of motor functions ([ @ bib0095 ], [@ bib0230] ). The BRS is constantly updated using sensory information, especia>,... | 1. Introduction {#sec0005} =============== Neural representations of the body formed within the human brain, known as the body representation system (BRS), is central to the understanding of motor functions ([@bib0095], [@bib0230]). The BRS is constantly updated using sensory information, especially proprioception that... | 1. INTroDUCTIoN {#seC0005}
===============
nEuraL rEPResENtATIONs of the BODy forMeD wItHIN THe humAN braIN, kNOwn as tHE boDy REpReSENtATIoN sYstEm (brs), is CenTral to THE UnDErstANdING oF MOToR FunCtIoNs ([@BiB0095], [@BiB0230]). the brs Is cOnSTantLy UPDaTEd using senSORy inFormaTiON, ESpeCiAlly PRoPRIoCEptiOn tHA... | 1. Introduction {#sec0005}=============== Neural representations of the body formed within the humanbrain, known as the body representation system(BRS), iscentral tothe understanding of motor functions ([@bib0095], [@bib0230]). The BRS isconstantly updated using sensoryinformation, especially proprioception... | _1._ _Introduction_ {#sec0005} _===============_ Neural representations of the body formed within the human brain, known as the _body_ representation system (BRS), is central to _the_ understanding of motor functions _([@bib0095],_ [@bib0230]). The BRS is constantly updated using _sensory_ information, especially propr... |
Introduction
============
The molecular mechanisms of seed development are extensively studied, and many genes involved have been already identified. *SHB1*,[@R1] *IKU1*,[@R2] *MINI3*,[@R3] *IKU2*,[@R3] AP2,[@R4]^-^[@R6] and MADS-box transcription factors *AGL61*,[@R7]^,^[@R8] AGL62,[@R9] and *AGL80*[@R10] mainly regu... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = the molecular mechanisms of seeds development are extensively studied, since many genes involved have been already identified. * shb1 *, [ @ r1 ] * iku1 *, [ @ r2 ] * mini3 *, [ @ r3 ] * iku2 *, [ @ r3 ] ap2, [ @ r4 ] ^ - ^ [ @ r6 ] and mads - box selection factors * agl61 *, [ @ r7... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = The molecular mechanisms of seed development are extensively studied, and many genes involved have been already identified. * SHB1 *, [@ R1] * IKU1 *, [@ R2] * MINI3 *, [@ R3] * IKU2 *, [@ R3] AP2, [@ R4] ^ - ^ [@ R6] and MADS - box transcription factors * AGL61 *, [@ R7] ^, ^ [@ R8... | Introduction ============ The molecular mechanisms seed development are extensively studied, and many genes involved have been already *SHB1*,[@R1] *IKU1*,[@R2] *MINI3*,[@R3] *IKU2*,[@R3] AP2,[@R4]^-^[@R6] and MADS-box transcription factors *AGL61*,[@R7]^,^[@R8] AGL62,[@R9] *AGL80*[@R10] mainly regulate endosperm devel... | INTRODuCtiOn
============
tHe mOlECulaR MechAniSMS Of sEeD devELOPmEnT are ExtenSiVEly StUdIed, AND mANY geNEs InVoLvED HAve BeeN aLReAdY idENTifIed. *shb1*,[@R1] *Iku1*,[@r2] *MiNi3*,[@r3] *ikU2*,[@r3] Ap2,[@R4]^-^[@R6] and madS-BoX TRAnScRIptIon faCtoRs *agl61*,[@R7]^,^[@R8] aGl62,[@R9] aNd *agl80*[@r10] mAInlY regU... | Introduction ============ The molecular mechanisms of seeddevelopment are extensively studied, andmany genes involved have been alreadyidentified. *SHB1*,[@R1] *IKU1*,[@R2] *MINI3*,[@R3] *IKU2*,[@R3] AP2,[@R4]^-^[@R6] and MADS-box transcription factors *AGL61*,[@R7]^,^[@R8] AGL62,[@R9] and *AGL80*[@R10] mai... | Introduction ============ The molecular mechanisms of seed development _are_ _extensively_ _studied,_ and many genes _involved_ have _been_ already identified. _*SHB1*,[@R1]_ *IKU1*,[@R2] *MINI3*,[@R3] _*IKU2*,[@R3]_ _AP2,[@R4]^-^[@R6]_ _and_ MADS-box _transcription_ factors *AGL61*,[@R7]^,^[@R8] AGL62,[@R9] _and_ _*AG... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent solid tumor in men from industrialized nations and is the second largest cancer-related killer (Center et al., [@B14]; Siegel et al., [@B58]). Age is a significant risk factor for the disease. The incidence in USA jumps from 1 in 7,964 to 1 in... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = prostate implant ( pca ) is the most prevalent solid tumor in men from industrialized nations and is the second largest cancer - related killer ( center et col., [ @ b14 ] ; siegel et al., [ @ b58 ] ). age is an significant risk factor for the disease. the incidence in usa ... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Prostate cancer (PCa) is the most prevalent solid tumor in men from industrialized nations and is the second largest cancer - related killer (Center et al. , [@ B14 ]; Siegel et al. , [@ B58] ). Age is a significant risk factor for the disease. The incidence in USA jumps from... | Introduction {#s1} Prostate (PCa) is most prevalent solid tumor in men from industrialized nations and is the second largest cancer-related killer (Center et al., Siegel et al., [@B58]). Age is a significant risk factor for the disease. The incidence in USA from 1 in to in 8 when men under 40 years of age with men olde... | introDuction {#S1}
============
ProState CaNceR (pCa) IS tHe mOST PreVALeNT sOlid TuMoR In mEN fROM indusTriaLIZeD natioNs and is the SEcOnd lArGEST CAncER-relAteD KilleR (CenTEr eT al., [@B14]; Siegel ET Al., [@b58]). AGe iS A SIgNifICaNT Risk FaCTOR for THe DIsEASe. tHe inCIDeNce IN uSa jumpS fRoM 1 In 7,964 to 1 IN... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Prostate cancer (PCa) isthe most prevalent solid tumor in men from industrializednations and isthe second largest cancer-relatedkiller (Centeret al., [@B14]; Siegel et al., [@B58]). Age is a significant risk factor for the disease. The incidence in USA jumps from 1in 7,... | _Introduction_ {#s1} ============ Prostate cancer (PCa) _is_ the most prevalent solid tumor in men from _industrialized_ nations and is the second largest cancer-related killer (Center et al., [@B14]; Siegel et al., _[@B58])._ Age _is_ _a_ significant risk _factor_ for the _disease._ The incidence in USA jumps from _1_... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant health issue in females worldwide \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. There are approximately 250,000 procedures annually in the USA for POP, with as many as 29% of women having to undergo repeat surgery \[[@CR2]\]. Traditional anterior repair of cystocele... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = pelvic organ prolapse ( pop ) is a significant health issue in females worldwide \ [ [ @ cr1 ], [ @ cr2 ] \ ]. there exceed approximately 250, 000 procedures annually in the usa for pop, with as many as 29 % of women having to undergo repeat surgery \ [ [ @ cr2 ] \ ]. tra... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant health issue in females worldwide \ [[ @ CR1 ], [@ CR2] \ ]. There are approximately 250, 000 procedures annually in the USA for POP, with as many as 29% of women having to undergo repeat surgery \ [[ @ CR2] \ ]. Traditional ante... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant health issue in females \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. are approximately 250,000 procedures annually in the USA for POP, many as 29% of women having to undergo repeat surgery \[[@CR2]\]. Traditional repair cystocele or anterior compartment prolapse uti... | iNtRoduCtIon {#sEc1}
============
pELvIC ORGAn prolAPse (POP) IS a SigniFicAnt heaLTH IsSUe iN FEMaleS WoRLdWiDe \[[@cr1], [@cr2]\]. TherE arE APPrOxIMAteLY 250,000 ProCEDuREs annUaLLy in THE UsA FoR poP, wITH aS MAny as 29% oF Women hAvINg to UNDeRGO repEAt SURgeRy \[[@CR2]\]. TrADitIONAl aNTErIor REpAiR OF CysTOCeLE... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) is a significant health issue in females worldwide \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. There are approximately 250,000 procedures annually in the USA for POP, with as many as 29% of women having to undergo repeat surgery \[[@CR2]\]. Traditional anterior... | Introduction _{#Sec1}_ _============_ Pelvic organ prolapse (POP) _is_ a significant health issue in females worldwide \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. There are approximately 250,000 procedures annually in the USA for POP, with as many as 29% of women having _to_ undergo repeat surgery \[[@CR2]\]. Traditional anterior repair of cy... |
Disclosure: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed.
Introduction {#j_raon-2014-0040_s_001}
============
Ectopic spleen tissue takes two forms, it is either congenital and presents as accessory spleens or an acquired condition, called splenosis. Splenosis occurs as un-encapsulated splenic tissue localized o... | disclosure : no potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. introduction { # j _ raon - 2014 - 0040 _ s _ 001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = unless spleen tissue takes two forms, it is either congenital and presents as accessory feature or an acquired condition, called splenosis. splenosis occurs as un - encapsulated sp... | Disclosure: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Introduction {# j_raon - 2014 - 0040_s_001} = = = = = = = = = = = = Ectopic spleen tissue takes two forms, it is either congenital and presents as accessory spleens or an acquired condition, called splenosis. Splenosis occurs as un - encapsulated splenic ti... | Disclosure: No potential conflicts of interest were disclosed. Introduction {#j_raon-2014-0040_s_001} Ectopic spleen tissue takes two forms, it is either congenital and as accessory spleens or an acquired condition, called splenosis. Splenosis occurs as un-encapsulated splenic tissue localized outside the spleen. It is... | diSCloSUre: no POtENTiaL confLIcTs of iNteRESt WEre DIsCLOsED.
iNtROductION {#j_rAoN-2014-0040_S_001}
============
ECtOPIc SPLeEN tiSSuE TAKes tWO forMs, IT Is EithEr cONGeNITaL anD PreSenTS AS accEsSORy SPLEEns Or an AcQuireD cOndItioN, CALLeD SpLENosIs. SPlenOsis OCCURS aS un-encAPsuLATED sPLENIC tiSSue LoCaLiZEd O... | Disclosure: No potential conflicts of interest weredisclosed.Introduction {#j_raon-2014-0040_s_001} ============ Ectopicspleen tissue takes two forms, it is eithercongenital and presents as accessory spleens or an acquired condition, called splenosis. Splenosis occursasun-encapsulated splenictissuelocalized outsi... | Disclosure: No potential conflicts _of_ interest were disclosed. _Introduction_ {#j_raon-2014-0040_s_001} ============ _Ectopic_ spleen tissue takes two forms, it _is_ _either_ _congenital_ _and_ _presents_ as _accessory_ spleens or an acquired _condition,_ called splenosis. Splenosis occurs as un-encapsulated splenic ... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Glycan analysis is increasingly applied in biological research, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical biotechnological production. Specific glycosylation patterns have been associated with states of health and disease \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. Moreover, glycosylation changes may modulate th... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = glycan analysis is increasingly applied in biological research, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical biotechnological production. specific glycosylation patterns have been associated with states of health and disease \ [ [ @ cr1 ] - - [ @ cr4 ] \ ]. however, glycosylatio... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Glycan analysis is increasingly applied in biological research, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical biotechnological production. Specific glycosylation patterns have been associated with states of health and disease \ [[ @ CR1] - - [@ CR4] \ ]. koreovrr, glycosylation cha... | Introduction ============ Glycan analysis is increasingly applied biological research, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical biotechnological production. Specific glycosylation patterns have been associated with states of health \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. glycosylation changes may modulate biological activity of proteins, as ... | INtRoDUction {#seC1}
============
GlycAn analysis IS INcReAsiNGlY aPpLiEd in bIolOGiCaL resEARCH, cLinICAL anALySis, ANd pHarmAcEuTIcAL BiOtECHnoLOGicAl prOductioN. speCiFic gLYcOsyLATIoN PAttERNs haVe bEeN ASsocIAtEd WIth STATeS oF HEaLTh aND DIseASe \[[@Cr1]--[@Cr4]\]. MOREOVER, GlyCosyLAtiON chAnGES may MoDulATE Th... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Glycananalysis is increasingly applied in biological research, clinical analysis, and pharmaceutical biotechnological production. Specific glycosylation patterns have been associated with states of healthand disease \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. Moreover, glycosylation changes ma... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ _Glycan_ analysis is increasingly applied in biological _research,_ clinical _analysis,_ and pharmaceutical biotechnological production. _Specific_ glycosylation patterns have _been_ _associated_ with states of health and disease \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. _Moreover,_ _glycosylation_ changes ... |
Summary
=======
Aortic pulse wave velocity is altered by normal aging, as well as vessel wall pathology. We evaluated aortic compliance and its relationship to age in normals and patients with heart failure.
Background
==========
Aortic compliance (AC) can be evaluated noninvasively and its reduction with aortic pat... | summary = = = = = = = aortic pulse wave velocity is altered affecting pulmonary aging, as well as vessel wall pathology. we evaluated aortic compliance and its relationship to age in normals and patients with heart failure. background = = = = = = = = = = aortic compliance ( ac ) can be compared noninvasively and its re... | Summary = = = = = = = Aortic pulse wave velocity is altered by normal aging, as well as vessel wall pathology. We evaluated aortic compliance and its relationship to age in normals and patients with heart failure. Background = = = = = = = = = = Aortic compliance (AC) can be evaluated noninvasively and its reduction wit... | Summary ======= Aortic pulse wave velocity is altered by normal aging, as well as vessel wall pathology. We evaluated aortic compliance and relationship to age in normals and patients with heart failure. Background ========== compliance (AC) can be evaluated noninvasively and its reduction with aortic pathology in norm... | sUmmaRy
=======
aORtIc PUlsE wavE vElocity iS AltEReD bY nORmAL AGINg, as WEll As VESSel wall PaTHoLogY. We EvAlUateD aortiC ComPLiaNCE aND ITS relATIonsHIp To age In nOrmALS anD PatienTs witH Heart faILURE.
BacKGROunD
==========
AOrtIc compLIaNce (ac) CAn bE EVaLuATED noNInVaSivELY anD itS ReducTion wITH AoRtIc PaT... | Summary ======= Aortic pulse wave velocity is altered by normal aging, aswell asvessel wall pathology. We evaluated aortic compliance and its relationshipto age in normals and patients with heart failure. Background ========== Aortic compliance (AC) can be evaluated noninvasively and itsreduc... | Summary ======= Aortic pulse wave velocity is altered by normal aging, _as_ well as _vessel_ wall pathology. We evaluated aortic compliance and _its_ _relationship_ _to_ age _in_ normals and patients with _heart_ failure. Background ========== _Aortic_ _compliance_ (AC) can be _evaluated_ noninvasively and its reductio... |
Introduction
============
Pseudoaneurysm (PA) or false aneurysm is a relatively rare but threatening clinical disease \[[@B1]\]. PAs are always the results of trauma \[[@B2]\], inflammation \[[@B3]\] or iatrogenic procedures \[[@B4],[@B5]\], presenting with pulsatile masses, compressive feelings or hemorrhage as the m... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = pseudoaneurysm ( pa ) or false aneurysm is a relatively rare but threatening clinical disease \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ]. pas are always the results of trauma \ [ [ @ b2 ] \ ], inflammation \ [ [ @ b3 ] \ ] or iatrogenic procedures \ [ [ @ b4 ], [ @ b5 ] \ ], presenting with pulsatile masses,... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Pseudoaneurysm (PA) or false aneurysm is a relatively rare but threatening clinical disease \ [[ @ B1] \ ]. PAs are always the results of trauma \ [[ @ B2] \ ], inflammation \ [[ @ B3] \] or iatrogenic procedures \ [[ @ B4 ], [@ B5] \ ], presenting with pulsatile masses, compressive... | ============ Pseudoaneurysm (PA) false aneurysm is a relatively but threatening clinical disease \[[@B1]\]. PAs are always the results of trauma \[[@B2]\], \[[@B3]\] or iatrogenic procedures \[[@B4],[@B5]\], presenting with masses, compressive feelings or hemorrhage as the most notable manifestations \[[@B1]\]. We repo... | iNTroDuCTION
============
psEUdoAneuRySM (pA) Or FalSe aNEURYSM is A rELaTiveLy rARe bUt THReatenInG cliNicAl DiSease \[[@B1]\]. paS ARE aLWAYs the RESULTs oF tRaUMa \[[@B2]\], INFlAMMaTION \[[@b3]\] Or IAtRogEnIc PRoCEDUrES \[[@B4],[@B5]\], presenTiNg WITh PulsatIlE MAsSes, comPREssIvE FeelinGS OR HEMOrrHAge AS THE M... | Introduction ============ Pseudoaneurysm (PA) or false aneurysm is a relatively rare but threatening clinical disease \[[@B1]\]. PAs are always the results oftrauma \[[@B2]\], inflammation \[[@B3]\] or iatrogenic procedures \[[@B4],[@B5]\], presentingwith pulsatile masses, compressive feel... | Introduction ============ Pseudoaneurysm _(PA)_ or false aneurysm is a relatively rare _but_ threatening clinical disease \[[@B1]\]. PAs are always the results of trauma \[[@B2]\], inflammation _\[[@B3]\]_ or iatrogenic procedures _\[[@B4],[@B5]\],_ presenting with pulsatile masses, compressive feelings _or_ hemorrhage... |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
Despite a wealth of clinical and health services research, there is a well-recognized *"failure to translate research into practice and policy"* [@b1]. This failure has created a growing and significant interest in the field of implementation science (IS) which is defined as "*t... | 1.. introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = despite a wealth of clinical and health services research, there is a well - recognized * " failure will translate research into practice and policy " * [ @ b1 ]. this failure has created a growing and significant interest into the field of implementation scienc... | 1. . Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Despite a wealth of clinical and health services research, there is a well - recognized * " Gailu4e to translate research into practice and policy " * [@ b1 ]. This failure has created a growing and significant interest in the field of implementation science (IS)... | {#s1} Despite a wealth of clinical and health research, there is a well-recognized translate research into practice and policy"* [@b1]. This failure has created a growing and significant interest in the field of implementation science (IS) which is defined as "*the study of methods to promote the systematic uptake of r... | 1.. iNTRoDUcTIon {#S1}
================
DEsPitE A wEAlth OF CLINICAL aNd HEaLtH serviCes rESeaRch, THerE iS A wEll-reCOGnizED *"fAiluRE TO tRaNslatE resEaRch into PRacTICe And POLIcY"* [@B1]. tHIS fAILure Has CReaTED a gRoWInG anD signIFIcant inteRESt IN thE FiELD OF ImPLeMEntatIon sCieNcE (IS) wHiCH is dEfinEd aS "*t... | 1.. Introduction {#s1} ================Despite a wealth of clinical and health services research, there is a well-recognized *"failure to translate researchinto practice and policy"* [@b1]. This failure has created a growing and significant interest in the fieldof implementation science (IS) which is def... | 1.. Introduction {#s1} ================ Despite _a_ wealth of clinical and health services research, there _is_ a well-recognized *"failure to translate _research_ into practice _and_ policy"* [@b1]. This failure has created _a_ growing and significant interest in the field of implementation science (IS) which is defin... |
Questions of the accommodation of specific Muslim practices[^1^](#fn1){ref-type="fn"} and rights (e.g., headscarf, Mosques, Islamic education) within the limits of liberal societies are at the center of the polarized debate in Western Europe and other Western societies (e.g., [@c7]). Research has focused on understandi... | questions of the accommodation of specific muslim practices [ ^ 1 ^ ] ( # fn1 ) { ref - type = " fn " } and rights ( e. g., headscarf, mosques, islamic education ) within the limits of liberal societies are at the center of the polarized debate in western europe and other western societies ( e. h., [ @ c7 ] ). research... | Questions of the accommodation of specific Muslim practices [^ 1 ^] (# fn1) {ref - type = " fn "} and rights (e. g. , heSdCcarf, Mosques, Islamic education) within the limits of liberal societies are at the center of the polarized debate in Western Europe and other Western societies (e. g. , [@ c7] ). Research has focu... | Questions the accommodation Muslim practices[^1^](#fn1){ref-type="fn"} and rights headscarf, Mosques, Islamic within the limits liberal are at the center the polarized in Western Europe and other Western societies (e.g., [@c7]). Research has focused on understanding attitudes Muslim practices and in terms of group-base... | QuEStIOnS Of THE ACCOmmoDATioN OF SPECIFic MuSliM prACTIcES[^1^](#FN1){reF-TYpE="FN"} AND RIGhTS (e.G., HeadScarf, mOsques, ISLAmIc eDUCaTion) WItHIn thE lIMIts Of LibERAL SOCIETiEs ArE At THE cENter OF THE PoLaRIzEd DEbate In wesTERN EuROPe ANd oTher WeSTErn socieTiEs (e.g., [@c7]). reseArcH HAs focused ON undeRsTAnDi... | Questions of the accommodation of specific Muslimpractices[^1^](#fn1){ref-type="fn"} and rights(e.g., headscarf, Mosques, Islamic education) within thelimits ofliberal societies are at thecenter of the polarized debate in Western Europe and other Western societies (e.g., [@c7]). Research has focused on underst... | Questions of the _accommodation_ of _specific_ Muslim practices[^1^](#fn1){ref-type="fn"} and rights (e.g., headscarf, Mosques, Islamic education) _within_ the limits of liberal _societies_ are at the center of the polarized debate in Western Europe _and_ other Western societies (e.g., [@c7]). Research has focused on u... |
Introduction
============
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose 5-year survival rate is as low as 6%,^[@bib1],\ [@bib2]^ is one of the most aggressive malignancies, because the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage, and its treatment options are limited. PDAC has a very poor prognosis.^[@bib3],\ [@bib4],... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma ( pdac ), whose 5 - year survival rate is as low as 6 %, ^ [ @ bib1 ], \ [ @ bib2 ] ^ is one of the most aggressive malignancies, because the disorder is often diagnosed over a late stage, and its treatment options being limited. pdac has a very poor... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC ), whose 5 - year survival rate is as low as 6% , ^ [@ bib1 ], \ [@ bib2] ^ is one of the most aggressive malignancies, because the disease is often diagnosed at a late stage, and its treatment options are limited. PDAC has a very poor prognosi... | ============ Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose 5-year survival rate is as low as 6%,^[@bib1],\ [@bib2]^ is of the most malignancies, because disease is at a late and its treatment options are limited. PDAC has a very prognosis.^[@bib3],\ [@bib4],\ [@bib5]^ a better understanding of the mechanisms driving p... | IntROduCTION
============
paNCrEATic DUCTal ADEnoCarcInOMA (pDAC), whose 5-yEAr SURVIVal RAtE is AS Low as 6%,^[@bIB1],\ [@bib2]^ IS one OF tHe MOST aGGreSSIVE mAlIGnANciEs, becAusE The DISease IS OFteN DIAGNOSED aT a LatE StaGE, aNd itS tReAtmenT oPtIons aRe LImiTeD. PDaC haS A VeRY pooR pRoGnoSIs.^[@biB3],\ [@bib4],... | Introduction ============ Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC),whose 5-year survival rate is aslow as 6%,^[@bib1],\ [@bib2]^ is one of the most aggressive malignancies, becausethedisease is oftendiagnosed at a late stage, and its treatment options are limited. PDAC has a very poor prognos... | Introduction ============ Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC), whose 5-year survival rate is as low as 6%,^[@bib1],\ _[@bib2]^_ is _one_ of _the_ most aggressive malignancies, because the _disease_ is often diagnosed at a late stage, and its treatment options are _limited._ PDAC _has_ a very poor prognosis.^[@bib3]... |
Introduction {#sec1-2331216517744915}
============
Hearing loss in older adults is often left untreated ([@bibr4-2331216517744915]; [@bibr16-2331216517744915]), despite abundant evidence showing that hearing aid use improves communication and health outcomes ([@bibr5-2331216517744915]; Mulrow, Tuley, & Aguilar, 1992).... | introduction { # sec1 - 2331216517744915 } = = = = = = = = = = = = hearing loss when older adults is often left untreated ( [ @ bibr4 - 2331216517744915 ] ; [ @ bibr16 - 2331216517744915 ] ), despite abundant evidence showing that hearing aid stigma improves communication and health outcomes ( [ @ bibr5 - 2331216517744... | Introduction {# sec1 - 2331216517744915} = = = = = = = = = = = = Hearing loss in older adults is often left untreated ([ @ bibr4 - 2331216517744915 ]; [@ bibr16 - 2331216517744915] ), despite abundant evidence showing that hearing aid use improves communication and health outcomes ([ @ bibr5 - 2331216517744915 ]; Mulro... | Introduction ============ loss in older adults often left ([@bibr4-2331216517744915]; [@bibr16-2331216517744915]), despite abundant evidence showing that aid use improves communication and health outcomes ([@bibr5-2331216517744915]; Tuley, & Aguilar, 1992). The associated with low hearing aid uptake that were in observ... | IntRoDuCtion {#Sec1-2331216517744915}
============
heaRiNG lOsS in oLdeR ADULTs Is oftEn LefT untrEaTed ([@bIbr4-2331216517744915]; [@bIbr16-2331216517744915]), dEsPiTe aBUndanT EvideNCe shoWiNg THaT hearINg AiD uSe iMPROvES cOmMunicaTIOn anD healTh OuTCOMEs ([@BIBr5-2331216517744915]; mUlROW, tuleY, & AGuilar, 1992).... | Introduction {#sec1-2331216517744915} ============ Hearing loss in older adultsis often left untreated ([@bibr4-2331216517744915];[@bibr16-2331216517744915]), despiteabundant evidence showing that hearing aid use improves communication and health outcomes ([@bibr5-2331216517744915];Mulrow, Tule... | _Introduction_ {#sec1-2331216517744915} ============ Hearing loss in older adults is often left _untreated_ ([@bibr4-2331216517744915]; [@bibr16-2331216517744915]), _despite_ abundant evidence showing that hearing aid use _improves_ communication and health outcomes ([@bibr5-2331216517744915]; _Mulrow,_ Tuley, & Aguila... |
All data is available in the supplements of this article.
Introduction {#sec004}
============
Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for quantification of RNA molecules. This powerful tool enables the detection of minimal starting amounts of specific nucleic acids. However, b... | all data is available in the supplements of this article. introduction { # sec004 } = = = = = = = = = = = = reverse antibody quantitative pcr ( rs - qpcr ) has become the method of choice for quantification of rna molecules. this powerful tool enables the detection of minimal starting amounts of specific nucleic acids.... | All data is available in the supplements of this article. Introduction {# sec004} = = = = = = = = = = = = Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT - qPCR) has become the method of choice for quantification of RNA molecules. This powerful tool enables the detection of minimal starting a,o*nts of specific nucleic acids... | All data available in the supplements of this article. {#sec004} ============ Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for quantification of RNA molecules. This tool enables the detection of minimal starting amounts of specific nucleic acids. However, of its power, this is subjec... | ALl DAtA iS avaILable in THe SUppLemENts of tHIS aRtiCle.
iNTRodUCTiON {#sec004}
============
rEveRse TRAnScrIpTIoN QUANtITATivE pCr (Rt-QPCR) HAS becomE The MeThOd Of CHoicE fOr QUaNtiFicaTiON of rnA mOLeCUlES. thIs poWERFuL toOL eNaBLes The DETEctION oF miNImAL STArting AMoUNtS Of SPeciFIC nUcLEiC ACiDS. HOWEvEr, b... | All data is available in the supplements of this article. Introduction {#sec004} ============ Reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) has become the method of choice for quantification of RNA molecules. This powerful tool enables the detection of minimal starting amountsof sp... | _All_ data _is_ available _in_ the _supplements_ _of_ this article. Introduction {#sec004} ============ Reverse transcription _quantitative_ PCR (RT-qPCR) _has_ _become_ the method of choice for _quantification_ of _RNA_ _molecules._ This _powerful_ tool enables the detection _of_ minimal _starting_ _amounts_ of specif... |
These authors contributed equally to the study.
This work was supported by grants from the Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center (Nos. 2016-27 and KY-GW-2017-17), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC1201000 and 2016YFC1200405 to S. J., 2016YFC-1202901 to L. L.), the Sanming Project... | these authors contributed extensively to the study. this work was supported by grants from ibm shanghai public health research center ( nos. 27 - 27 and ky - gw - 2017 - 15 ), cpc national key research and development program of china ( nos. 2016yfc1201000 and 2016yfc1200405 to s. j., 2016yfc - 1202901 to l. l. ), the ... | Tt3se authors contributed equally to the study. This work was sup)oTted by grants Geom the ChanghAi Public Health Clinical Center (Nos. 2016 - 27 and KY - GW - 2017 - 17 ), the Nat*onSl Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC1201000 and w016YFC1@00405 to S. J. , 2016YFC - 1202901 to L. L. ), the San... | These authors contributed equally to the study. This work was by grants from the Shanghai Public Health Clinical (Nos. 2016-27 and KY-GW-2017-17), the National Key Research and Development Program China (Nos. 2016YFC1201000 2016YFC1200405 to S. J., 2016YFC-1202901 to L. L.), the Sanming Project of Medicine in Shenzhen ... | thESe aUThoRS CoNtRibuted equAlLy tO thE StuDy.
this WoRk WAS sUppoRTED by grANTs FRom thE ShaNGhAi PubLIc HEaLTH clinICal Center (noS. 2016-27 and ky-GW-2017-17), tHe NatIoNAL Key RESEarCh aNd DEveLOpmeNT prOGRAM of ChINa (Nos. 2016yFC1201000 AnD 2016YFc1200405 TO s. J., 2016YfC-1202901 To l. L.), thE sAnmiNg PRoJECT... | These authors contributed equally to the study. This work was supported bygrants from the Shanghai PublicHealth Clinical Center (Nos.2016-27 andKY-GW-2017-17),theNational Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC1201000 and 2016YFC1200405 to S. J., 2016YFC-1202901 to L. L.), t... | These authors contributed equally to the study. _This_ work was supported _by_ grants from the Shanghai _Public_ Health Clinical Center (Nos. _2016-27_ and KY-GW-2017-17), the National Key Research and Development Program of China (Nos. 2016YFC1201000 _and_ 2016YFC1200405 to S. J., 2016YFC-1202901 _to_ L. L.), the Sanm... |
In the paper by Sen *et al.* (2018[@bb1]), the address of the correspondence author, Galyna G. Tsapyuk, should be 'Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 Vladimirska Str., Kiev 01601, Ukraine', as given above.
| in the paper by sen * et al. * ( 2018 [ @ bb1 ] ), the pseudonym of previously anonymous author, galyna g. tsapyuk, should note ' taras shevchenko medical university of kyiv, academy of chemistry, 64 vladimirska str., kiev 01601, 2008 ', as far as. | In the paper by Sen * et al. * (2018 [@ bb1] ), the address of the correspondence author, GalhnQ G. Tsapyuk, chou;d be ' Taras Shevchenko NahioGal Unov$rsity of oyOv, DepartkeHt of Chemistry, 64 Vlad9mirAka Str. , Kiev 0260w, Ukraine ', as giGeg aHKve. | In the paper by Sen *et al.* (2018[@bb1]), address of the correspondence author, Galyna G. Tsapyuk, should be Shevchenko National of Kyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 Vladimirska Str., Kiev 01601, Ukraine', as given above. | IN thE pApER by SeN *ET Al.* (2018[@bb1]), the aDdREsS of THe cOrREsPondENCE AUtHoR, galYnA g. tSAPyUK, sHouLd BE 'tARAs sHeVcHenko NAtioNal uNIverSITy Of kyIV, dePARtmENt oF CHeMIstry, 64 vlADIMIRskA sTr., Kiev 01601, UkRainE', as GIVEN ABOvE.
| Inthepaper by Sen *et al.* (2018[@bb1]), the address of the correspondence author,GalynaG. Tsapyuk, should be 'Taras Shevchenko National University ofKyiv, Department of Chemistry, 64 Vladimirska Str.,Kiev01601, Ukraine', as given above. | In _the_ paper by Sen _*et_ al.* (2018[@bb1]), the address of _the_ correspondence author, Galyna G. Tsapyuk, should be _'Taras_ _Shevchenko_ _National_ University of _Kyiv,_ Department of Chemistry, 64 Vladimirska Str., _Kiev_ 01601, Ukraine', as given above. |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
An electromagnetic tracking system is a navigation system that is based on the measurement of electromagnetic fields with a known distribution. Based on those measurements, the position and orientation of the field sensor can be calculated. Electromagnetic tracking systems are not dep... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = an electromagnetic tracking system is a navigation system that is based on the measurement of electromagnetic fields with no known distribution. based on those measurements, the function and orientation of the field sensor can be measured. electromagnetic tracking systems... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = An electromagnetic tracking system is a navigation system that is based on the measurement of electromagnetic fields with a known distribution. Based on those measurements, the position and orientation of the field sensor can be calculated. Electromagnetic tracking systems ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ tracking system is a system that is based on the measurement of electromagnetic fields with a known distribution. Based on those measurements, the position and of the sensor can be calculated. Electromagnetic tracking systems are not dependent on line-of-sight or rigid connections like... | intrODuCTIon {#seC1}
============
AN ELECTrOmagnETiC TracKiNg sYsTem iS a nAVigaTiON SYSTeM that iS baSED oN ThE MEasurEmENt OF elEcTrOMAgnetIc fIEldS WitH A kNOWN dIstrIBution. BASeD on ThosE MeasuRemENtS, tHE pOsITion ANd orIeNTAtION Of THe fieLd seNsOR CAn BE CaLculATed. elEcTRomAGNEtiC TrAcKinG SySTEmS arE NOt deP... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ An electromagnetic tracking system is a navigation system that is based on the measurementof electromagnetic fieldswith a known distribution. Based on those measurements, the position and orientation of the field sensor can be calculated. Electromagnetic tracking syst... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ _An_ electromagnetic tracking system is a navigation system that _is_ based on the measurement _of_ electromagnetic fields with a known distribution. Based on those _measurements,_ the position and orientation of _the_ field sensor can be calculated. _Electromagnetic_ tracking _systems... |
Background
==========
Global growing concerns about energy shortages and the environmental pollution have led to worldwide use of renewable energy. Hydrogen is considered as a viable energy carrier for the future which could play an important role in the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Rece... | background = = = = = = = = = = global growing concerns about energy shortages and the environmental pollution have turned to worldwide use of renewable energy. hydrogen is utilized as a viable energy carrier for the future which could play an important role in the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases \ [ [ @ b1 ]... | Background = = = = = = = = = = Global growing concerns about energy shortages and the environmental pollution have led to worldwide use of renewable energy. Hydrogen is considered as a viable energy carrier for the future which could plA& an important role in the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases \ [[ @ B1 ], ... | Background ========== Global growing concerns about energy shortages and the environmental pollution have to worldwide use of renewable energy. considered as a viable energy for future could play an important role in the reduction of emissions of greenhouse gases \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Recently, biological hydrogen productio... | BaCKgROUnD
==========
GloBAL gROwinG COnCeRNS abOuT EnERGY ShorTAgeS AnD The enVIrONMEntal polLutioN haVe LED tO WoRlDwIDE uSe OF reNEWaBle eNErgy. hYDrOGEN IS consiDerED aS a VIablE EnERgY caRRier for thE fuTUrE WHIch CoUlD plaY an IMPorTanT role in tHe reDUCTION Of emisSIonS of gREeNhOuse GaseS \[[@B1],[@b2]\]. reCe... | Background ========== Global growing concerns about energy shortages and the environmental pollutionhave led to worldwide useofrenewable energy. Hydrogen is considered as aviableenergy carrier for the future which could play an important role in thereduction ofemissions of greenhouse gases\[[@B1],... | Background ========== Global _growing_ concerns about energy shortages _and_ _the_ environmental pollution have led to _worldwide_ use of renewable energy. Hydrogen is considered _as_ a viable energy carrier for the future which could play an important role in the reduction of _emissions_ of greenhouse gases \[[@B1],[@... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), also designated as fetuin-A, is a 46 kDa serum protein that is synthesized mainly in hepatic cells \[[@B1]\]. The protein is known to exhibit multiple functions \[[@B2]\]. AHSG acts as a natural inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase \[[@B3... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = · 2 - hs glycoprotein ( ahsg ), also designated as fetuin - a, is a 46 kda serum protein that is synthesized mainly in hepatic cells \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ]. the protein is known in exhibit multiple functions \ [ [ @ b2 ] \ ]. ahsg acts as a natural inhibitor of insulin... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Alpha 2 - HS glycoprotein (AHSG ), also designated as fetuin - A, is a 46 kDa serum protein that is synthesized mainly in hepatic cells \ [[ @ B1] \ ]. The protein is known to exhibit multiple functions \ [[ @ B2] \ ]. AHSG acts as a natural inhibitor of insulin re... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Alpha 2-HS glycoprotein also designated as fetuin-A, is a 46 kDa protein that is synthesized mainly in cells \[[@B1]\]. The protein is known to exhibit multiple functions \[[@B2]\]. AHSG acts as a natural inhibitor of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase Goustin and Abou-Samra \[[@B4... | 1. iNTRoDUctIOn {#SeC1}
===============
alPHa 2-hS GLyCOpROTEIn (AHsG), ALSo desIgnaTED As FeTUin-a, Is a 46 kdA SERuM pROTEIN ThAT IS SynThESiZed mAiNlY iN HEPaTIc ceLlS \[[@b1]\]. tHe pROteiN iS KnoWn to eXhIBit MUltiPle funcTIONs \[[@B2]\]. aHSG ACts aS A nAtuRAl InhibItoR Of iNSuLIN rECePTor TYrOsiNE KiNAse \[[@b3... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} ===============Alpha 2-HS glycoprotein (AHSG), also designated as fetuin-A, is a46kDa serum proteinthat is synthesized mainly in hepatic cells \[[@B1]\]. The proteinis known to exhibit multiplefunctions \[[@B2]\]. AHSG acts as a natural inhibitor of insulin receptortyrosine kinase \[... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Alpha _2-HS_ _glycoprotein_ (AHSG), also designated as fetuin-A, is a 46 kDa _serum_ protein _that_ is synthesized _mainly_ in hepatic _cells_ _\[[@B1]\]._ The protein is known to exhibit multiple functions \[[@B2]\]. AHSG acts as a _natural_ inhibitor _of_ insulin receptor tyros... |
Background
==========
A wealth of research about the health effects of economic insecurity has provided important evidence about the impact of unemployment on mental and physical well-being \[[@B1]-[@B11]\]. Yet, investigations into the short and long-term effects of unemployment on health behaviours such as smoking, ... | background = = = = = = = = = = a wealth of research about the health effects of economic insecurity has provided important evidence about the impact of unemployment on mental and physical well - being \ [ [ @ b1 ] - [ @ b11 ] \ ]. yet, investigations into the short and long - term effects of unemployment on health beha... | Background = = = = = = = = = = A wealth of research about the health effects of economic insecurity has provided important evidence about the impact of unemployment on mental and physical well - being \ [[ @ B1] - [@ B11] \ ]. Yet, investigations into the short and long - term effects of unemployment on health behaviou... | Background ========== A wealth of research about the health effects of insecurity has provided important evidence about the of unemployment on mental and physical \[[@B1]-[@B11]\]. Yet, investigations into short and long-term effects of unemployment health behaviours such as smoking, drinking and body weight have yield... | BacKgRouND
==========
a wealTh Of reSeARCh ABouT the HEALTh EFfEctS Of eConomIc inSeCUritY HAs PROvIdED imPoRtANt evIDenCe About tHE imPaCT Of UNeMPLOyMeNT On MEntal And PhysIcal wEll-beiNg \[[@B1]-[@b11]\]. yeT, INvEsTiGaTIONS iNto tHe shORT ANd loNg-Term EffECTS OF UNEMPlOYment oN hEALth beHavIours suCH aS smokINg, ... | Background ========== A wealth of research about thehealth effects ofeconomic insecurity has provided important evidence about the impact of unemployment on mentaland physical well-being\[[@B1]-[@B11]\]. Yet, investigations into the short andlong-term effects of unemployment on health behaviours such as sm... | _Background_ ========== _A_ wealth of research about the health effects of economic insecurity has provided important evidence about _the_ impact of unemployment on mental and physical _well-being_ \[[@B1]-[@B11]\]. _Yet,_ investigations into the short _and_ long-term effects of unemployment on health behaviours such a... |
Introduction
============
The elimination of preventable blinding diseases as a public health problem by the year 2020, is one of the three components of the World Health Organization (WHO) "VISION 2020 initiative: the Right to Sight." According to WHO, about 284 million people in the world suffer from visual impairme... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = the elimination of preventable blinding diseases as a public health problem within the year 2020, is one of the key components of the world health organization ( who ) " vision 2020 initiative : the right to sight. " according to who, about 284 million people in the world suffer fro... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = The eli,unation of preventable blinding diseases as a public health problem by the year 2020, is one of the three components of the World Health Organization (WHO) " VISION 2020 initiative: the Right to Sight. " According to WHO, about 284 million people in the world suffer from vis... | Introduction ============ The elimination of preventable blinding diseases as a public health problem by the 2020, one of the three components of World Health Organization (WHO) "VISION 2020 initiative: the Right to Sight." According to WHO, about 284 million people in the world suffer from visual impairment \[[@r1]\].... | iNTROductiOn
============
THE eLIminAtIOn oF PReVENtabLe bliNDIng DisEAses AS a puBlIC HeaLTH PROblem BY The yeaR 2020, IS oNe of tHe ThRee COmpoNents of ThE woRLd heaLTh ORGANiZATIon (WhO) "vISIOn 2020 IniTiaTivE: ThE RIgHt To SiGhT." accORdiNG to WHo, ABoUt 284 MILLIOn pEOPLE IN THE worlD sUfFer FRom vISuAL ImpAiRMe... | Introduction ============ Theelimination of preventable blinding diseases as a public health problemby theyear 2020, is one of the three components of the WorldHealth Organization (WHO)"VISION2020 initiative: the Right to Sight." According to WHO, about 284 million people in theworld suffer from visual impairment ... | _Introduction_ ============ _The_ elimination _of_ preventable _blinding_ diseases as _a_ public health problem by the year 2020, is one _of_ the three components of _the_ _World_ _Health_ Organization _(WHO)_ "VISION _2020_ initiative: the Right to Sight." _According_ to WHO, _about_ 284 million _people_ in the _world... |
Introduction {#eji3970-sec-0010}
============
Testicular cancer is the most common tumor among young men of 20--34 years of age and is increasing in incidence [1](#eji3970-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) account for the majority of testicular cancers and consist predominantly of classica... | introduction { # eji3970 - sec - 0010 } = = = = = = = = = = = = testicular cancer is the most common tumor among young men of 20 - - 34 years of age and is prevalent in incidence [ 1 ] ( # eji3970 - bib - 0001 ) { ref - type = " ref " }. testicular germ cell tumors ( tgcts ) account for the majority of testicular cance... | Introduction {# eji3970 - sec - 0010} = = = = = = = = = = = = Testicular canVeT is the most common tumor among young men of 20 - - 34 years of age and is increasing in incidence [1] (# ehi3980 - bib - 0001) {ref - type = " ref " }. Testicular germ cDKl tumors (TGCTs) account for the majority of testicular cancers and c... | Introduction {#eji3970-sec-0010} Testicular cancer is the most common tumor among young men of years of age and increasing in incidence [1](#eji3970-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}. Testicular germ tumors (TGCTs) account for majority of testicular cancers and consist of classical seminomas and nonseminomatous germ testicular... | IntrODuctioN {#eJi3970-SEC-0010}
============
TeSTicUlAR caNCer Is ThE mOst coMmon TUMOR AMong YoUnG men oF 20--34 YEArS Of Age AND Is inCReASiNg iN IncIdeNce [1](#eJI3970-bIb-0001){ReF-type="Ref"}. testiCULaR gERM CELL tUMorS (tGCTS) aCCOunt FoR tHE majoRity OF TEsticuLAR CAnCeRs and CoNsiSt PrEdomiNantlY of CLASSicA... | Introduction {#eji3970-sec-0010} ============ Testicular cancer is the most common tumor among youngmen of 20--34 years of age andis increasing in incidence [1](#eji3970-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) account for the majority of testicular cancers and consist predominantly... | Introduction {#eji3970-sec-0010} ============ _Testicular_ cancer _is_ _the_ most common _tumor_ _among_ young men _of_ 20--34 years of _age_ and _is_ increasing in incidence [1](#eji3970-bib-0001){ref-type="ref"}. Testicular germ cell tumors (TGCTs) account for the majority of testicular cancers and consist predominan... |
High-fidelity self-recognition and self-discrimination are of principal importance in living systems[@b1], which enable biological macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA, to self-organize into uniform quaternary and double helical structures with a controlled handedness, respectively, through noncovalent interactions... | high - fidelity self - recognition and self - discrimination are of huge importance in living systems [ @ b1 ], which enable biological macromolecules, such as proteins and dna, to self - organize into uniform quaternary and double helical structures with a controlled handedness, respectively, through novel interaction... | High - fidelity self - recognition and self - discrimination are of principal importance in living systems [@ b1 ], which enable biological macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA, to sf;f - organuse into uniform quaternary and double helical structures with a controlled handedness, respectively, thrLunh noncovalent i... | High-fidelity self-recognition and self-discrimination are of principal importance in living systems[@b1], which enable biological macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA, to into uniform quaternary and double helical structures with a controlled handedness, respectively, through noncovalent interactions even within c... | hiGh-fIdELiTY self-reCOgNITIoN And SElf-DIScRiMINAtiOn ARE Of pRINcIpaL IMpoRTAnCe iN LIVing SySTems[@B1], WhicH Enable BIoLoGiCAl macRoMOlECULEs, suCH aS PROtEins ANd dnA, to sELf-OrgaNiZe into uNifOrM qUATernaRy aND dOubLe heLiCAl sTruCTuReS WiTH a coNtROlLEd HANdeDnESS, REsPectIvELY, THrOUGh NoNcOvaLeNt InTERAcTIONS... | High-fidelity self-recognition and self-discrimination are of principal importance in livingsystems[@b1], which enablebiological macromolecules, such as proteins and DNA, to self-organize into uniform quaternary and double helical structures with a controlled handedness, respectively, through noncovalentinteracti... | _High-fidelity_ _self-recognition_ and self-discrimination are of principal importance in living systems[@b1], which enable biological _macromolecules,_ such as proteins and _DNA,_ to _self-organize_ into uniform quaternary and double helical structures with a controlled handedness, respectively, through noncovalent in... |
Introduction
============
Black phosphorus (BP), as a novel 2D material, has attracted global attention owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties and wide applications ([@B17]; [@B56]). Bulk BP can be easily exfoliated into nanosheets (NSs) with different thicknesses ([@B7]; [@B47]). Compared with other 2D materi... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = black phosphorus ( bp ), as a solid 2d material, has attracted global attention owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties and its applications ( [ @ b17 ] ; [ @ b56 ] ). bulk bp can be easily exfoliated into nanosheets ( nss ) with different thicknesses ( [ @ b7 ] ; [ @ tb ] ).... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Black phosphorus (BP ), as a novel 2D material, has attracted global attention owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties and wKve applications ([ @ B17 ]; [@ B56] ). Bulk BP can be easily exfoliated into nanosheets (NSs) with different thicknesses ([ @ B7 ]; [@ B47] ). CImpaeed... | Introduction Black phosphorus (BP), as a novel 2D material, has attracted global owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties and applications ([@B17]; Bulk BP be easily exfoliated into nanosheets (NSs) with different thicknesses ([@B7]; [@B47]). Compared with other 2D materials such as graphene MoS~2~, BP has a larg... | IntroDUCTioN
============
BlAck PhOSphORuS (BP), AS A nOVeL 2D MAteRiaL, hAs atTRacteD gLoBaL aTTeNtION owInG to OUTsTAnDInG opToeLecTronic pRopERTiES AnD wide APpLIcATIons ([@b17]; [@B56]). buLk bP CAn bE EaSiLY EXfOliAted Into NanoSHEeTS (nsS) wItH DiffErEnT THicKnesSes ([@b7]; [@b47]). COmpArEd WITh OtHer 2d MaTERI... | Introduction============Black phosphorus (BP), asa novel 2D material, has attracted global attention owing to outstandingoptoelectronic properties andwide applications ([@B17]; [@B56]). Bulk BPcan be easily exfoliatedinto nanosheets (NSs)with different thicknesses ([@B7]; [@B47]). Comparedwith other 2Dmat... | Introduction ============ Black _phosphorus_ (BP), _as_ a novel 2D material, has _attracted_ global attention owing to outstanding optoelectronic properties and wide applications ([@B17]; [@B56]). Bulk BP _can_ be easily exfoliated into nanosheets (NSs) with different thicknesses ([@B7]; [@B47]). Compared with other 2D... |
Introduction {#s01}
============
The presynaptic active zone (AZ) is a highly specialized subcellular compartment, where neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles dock within a few tens of nanometers from voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca~V~) and are prepared to fuse with the plasma membrane in a Ca^2+^-dependent... | introduction { # s01 } = = = = = = = = = = = = the presynaptic active zone ( az ) is a highly specialized subcellular compartment, where neurotransmitter - containing synaptic vesicles dock within a few tens of nanometers from voltage - gated calcium channels ( ca ~ v ~ ) and are prepared by fuse with the plasma membra... | Introduction {# s01} = = = = = = = = = = = = The presynaptic active zone (AZ) is a highly specialized subcellular compartment, where n#u%otransmitter - containing synaptic vesicles dock within a few tens of nanometers from voltage - gated calcium channels (Ca ~ V ~) and are prepared to fuse with the plasma membrane in ... | Introduction {#s01} ============ The presynaptic active zone (AZ) is a highly specialized subcellular compartment, where neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles dock within a tens of nanometers from voltage-gated channels and are prepared to fuse with the plasma membrane a Ca^2+^-dependent manner. signal transduc... | intRODUCTIoN {#S01}
============
tHe PresYNAPtIC ACtive ZonE (az) is A hIgHlY SpECIAlizeD subcElluLar cOMPartMeNt, wHERE neurOTraNSMiTTeR-cONtaInIng synaPtIc vESICLes DoCK WIThIN A FeW TENs Of NAnOmeters FROm vOltAge-gATED CalciUm ChANnElS (Ca~v~) aND are PRepAREd TO FUSE WITh THE PLasma memBRAnE In A ca^2+^-DepEnDENT... | Introduction {#s01} ============ The presynaptic active zone (AZ) is a highly specialized subcellular compartment, where neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles dock within a few tens of nanometers from voltage-gated calcium channels (Ca~V~) and are prepared tofuse with the plasma membrane in ... | Introduction {#s01} ============ _The_ presynaptic _active_ zone (AZ) is a highly specialized subcellular compartment, where neurotransmitter-containing synaptic vesicles _dock_ within a few _tens_ of nanometers from voltage-gated _calcium_ channels (Ca~V~) and are prepared to fuse with _the_ plasma membrane in a Ca^2+... |
INTRODUCTION
============
Type II restriction--modification (R--M) systems are comprised of (i) a restriction endonuclease that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and introduces double-stranded breaks at or around the recognition site and (ii) a methyltransferase (methylase) that recognizes the same DNA sequence and m... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = type ii restriction - - modification ( r - - m ) systems are comprised of ( i ) a restriction endonuclease that recognizes a specific dna sequence and introduces double - stranded breaks at or around its recognition site and ( ii ) a methyltransferase ( methylase ) that recognizes t... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = Type II restriction - - modification (R - - M) systems are comprised of (i) a restriction endonuclease that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and introduces double - stranded breaks at or around the recognition site and (ii) a methyltransferase (methylase) that recognizes the same ... | INTRODUCTION ============ Type II restriction--modification (R--M) are of (i) a restriction endonuclease that recognizes a specific DNA sequence introduces double-stranded breaks at or around the recognition site and (ii) a methyltransferase (methylase) that recognizes the same DNA sequence and methylates it on one of ... | iNTRoDucTioN
============
TYpE iI ReStRiCtIoN--moDiFIcATIon (R--m) sySTEmS ARe COmPrIsEd OF (I) a restrIcTioN ENDONUcLeasE that RecOgNIZES A SPECifiC DNa sequENCE and InTrOduces DOuBLE-strANDed BreakS At oR ArOUNd tHe REcOGniTION siTe and (II) a METHyLTrAnSFeRasE (MeTHYlaSE) ThAT rECognizeS The SaMe dNA SeQuENcE AND m... | INTRODUCTION ============ Type II restriction--modification (R--M) systems are comprised of (i) arestriction endonuclease that recognizes a specific DNA sequence and introduces double-stranded breaksat or around the recognition site and (ii) amethyltransferase (methylase) that recognizes... | INTRODUCTION ============ Type II _restriction--modification_ (R--M) systems are comprised _of_ (i) a _restriction_ endonuclease that recognizes a _specific_ DNA sequence and introduces double-stranded _breaks_ at or around the _recognition_ site _and_ (ii) a methyltransferase (methylase) that recognizes the same DNA s... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are well known to function in the early stages of the innate immune response and recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) from external microorganisms or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from damaged tissues \[[@CR1]\]. There... | background { # 1 } = = = = = = = = = = pattern associated receptors ( prrs ) are well known to function in the early stages of the innate immune response and recognize pathogen - inflammatory molecular pattern ( pamps ) from external microorganisms or damage - associated molecular patterns ( damps ) from damaged tissue... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are well known to function in the early stages of the innate immune response and recognize pathogen - associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) from external microorganisms or damage - associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from damaged tissues \ [[... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are well known to function in the early of the innate immune response and recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) from external microorganisms or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from damaged tissues \[[@CR1]\]. There are fou... | BACkGroUnD {#SEC1}
==========
paTtern RecOGNiTIOn receptors (prRS) aRE weLl KNOWn To fUNCtIOn In THE earlY StaGeS OF thE INnAtE IMmuNe reSPONSe AND rEcOGNIze pATHOGeN-asSOCIaTED MoLECULAr paTterN (pAMps) from EXtERnAL MicroorGANIsMs oR dAMagE-assocIATEd MolECULAR PaTtERnS (DaMpS) froM dAmaGeD TiSSUES \[[@cR1]\]. THERe... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) are wellknownto function in the early stages of the innate immune response and recognize pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) from external microorganisms or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from damaged tissues\[[@CR1]\]. T... | _Background_ {#Sec1} ========== _Pattern_ recognition receptors (PRRs) are well _known_ to _function_ _in_ the early stages of the _innate_ immune response _and_ recognize _pathogen-associated_ molecular _pattern_ (PAMPs) _from_ external microorganisms or damage-associated molecular patterns _(DAMPs)_ _from_ damaged ti... |
**Core tip:** Endosonography-guided biliary drainage is an effective alternative in the failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential to provide the least invasive and the lowest risk therapeutic modality for biliary drainage when compared to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage or... | * * core tip : * * endosonography - guided biliary drainage provides an effective alternative in the failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential to provide the least invasive and the lowest risk therapeutic modality for biliary drainage when compared to percutaneous transhepatic biliar... | * * Core tip: * * Endosonography - guided biliary drainage is an effective alternative in the failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential to provide the least invasive and the lowest risk therapeutic modality for biliary drainage when compared to percutaneous transhepatic biliary drain... | **Core tip:** Endosonography-guided biliary drainage is an effective alternative in the failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential to provide the least invasive and the lowest risk therapeutic modality for biliary drainage when compared to percutaneous biliary drainage or surgery. For... | **COrE tiP:** eNDOSONoGRAphY-GuiDED bIlIaRY DRAInAGe iS An EffECtIve ALtErnatIve in THe FAiLuRE Of eNdOscopiC REtROGraDE cHoLaNgiOpAncREatoGRAphY, With The PoTenTIaL To providE ThE LeAst INvasiVe And thE loWeSt RiSK TheraPeuTic moDAlITY FOR BILiARY drAiNaGE WHeN CoMpAReD To PerCUTANEOus TRANsHEPATiC biLiARy DRaINAge Or... | **Core tip:** Endosonography-guided biliary drainage is an effective alternative in the failure of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential to provide the least invasive and the lowest risk therapeuticmodality for biliarydrainage when compared to percutaneous transhepatic biliar... | **Core _tip:**_ Endosonography-guided biliary drainage _is_ an effective alternative in the _failure_ of endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography, with the potential to provide the least invasive _and_ _the_ lowest risk therapeutic _modality_ for _biliary_ drainage when compared to percutaneous transhepatic bilia... |
Introduction
============
Biology is an integrated study, which aimed to discover the various mechanisms in complex network. Although conventional experiments based on biochemical experiment can suggest \'clue\' of individual mechanism in certain condition, but they restricted to reveal the \'real\' phenomenon in whol... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = biology is an integrated study, which aimed to discover the various mechanisms in complex network. although conventional experiments based on biochemical experiment can suggest \ ' clue \ ' of individual mechanism in certain condition, but they prefer to reveal the \ ' real \ ' phen... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Biology is an integrated study, which aimed to discover the various mechanisms in complex network. Although conventional experiments based on biochemical experiment can suggest \ ' clue \ ' of individual mechanism in certain condition, but they restricted to reveal the \ ' real \ ' ... | Introduction ============ Biology is an study, which aimed to discover the various mechanisms complex network. Although conventional experiments based biochemical experiment can suggest \'clue\' of individual mechanism certain condition, but to reveal the \'real\' phenomenon in whole cell or organism level. Molecular i... | IntRodUCTIOn
============
bIolOGY is an iNTegRatEd STuDY, which aImed tO DIsCOVer thE VariOus meCHANIsMS In cOMPlex neTWORk. AlThoUgH CONvENtIoNAL ExPERIMeNTS bAsED oN bIoCHeMicAL ExPeRimEnT can SUgGeST \'Clue\' of iNDIvIDuAL mEChanISm iN CertAIn conDITiOn, bUt thEy RestRIcted to rEveaL the \'reAL\' pHenomeNON in wHol... | Introduction ============ Biologyis an integrated study, which aimed to discover the various mechanisms in complexnetwork. Although conventional experimentsbasedon biochemical experiment can suggest \'clue\' of individual mechanismincertain condition, but they restricted to reveal the \'real\... | Introduction ============ Biology is an integrated study, which aimed _to_ discover the various mechanisms in complex network. Although conventional experiments based _on_ biochemical experiment can suggest \'clue\' of individual mechanism in certain condition, but they restricted _to_ reveal the \'real\' phenomenon in... |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires sufficient depth of anesthesia for jaw muscles to relax and suppression of airway reflexes for the device to be tolerated within the hypopharynx without undue coughing, gagging, and patient movement.\[[@ref1]\] Such conditions are pr... | introduction { # sec1 - 1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = insertion of laryngeal circulation airway ( lma ) requires sufficient depth of anesthesia for jaw muscles to relax and suppression potential airway reflexes for the device to be tolerated within the hypopharynx without undue coughing, gagging, and patient movement. \ ... | Introduction {# sec1 - 1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires sufficient depth of anesthesia for jaw muscles to relax and suppression of airway reflexes for the device to be tolerated within the hypopharynx without undue coughing, gagging, and patient movement. \ [[ @ ref1] \] Such... | Introduction {#sec1-1} ============ Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires sufficient depth of anesthesia for jaw muscles to relax and suppression of airway reflexes for the device to within hypopharynx without undue gagging, patient movement.\[[@ref1]\] Such conditions provided by a generous dose an intrave... | inTrOdUCtion {#SeC1-1}
============
INSeRtIOn oF LARyngeAl MaSk AiRwaY (LMA) requiRes SUFFicIENt DEpTh OF AnESthESIA FOr JAw MuscLes to RELAx AnD SUPprESSioN Of aiRway rEfleXEs FOr ThE dEviCe to bE TOlerAted wIThin ThE hYpopHaRYNx withoUt unduE CoughiNG, GAGGInG, AnD PATIEnT MoVEMeNT.\[[@ref1]\] SUcH coNdiTiONs Are PR... | Introduction {#sec1-1} ============ Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires sufficient depth of anesthesia forjaw muscles to relaxand suppression of airway reflexes forthe device to be tolerated within thehypopharynx without undue coughing, gagging, and patient movement.\[[@ref1]\] Such conditio... | Introduction _{#sec1-1}_ ============ Insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) requires sufficient depth of _anesthesia_ _for_ jaw muscles to relax and suppression of airway reflexes for the _device_ _to_ be tolerated within the _hypopharynx_ without undue coughing, gagging, and patient movement.\[[@ref1]\] _Such_ cond... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by progressive symmetric muscle weakness, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, and inflammatory infiltrates observed via muscle biopsy \[[@C... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = idiopathic inflammatory myopathies ( iims ) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by progressive symmetric muscle weakness, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic cells, and inflammatory infiltrates observed via muscle biopsy ... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by progressive symmetric muscle weakness, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, and inflammatory infiltrates observed via muscle bio... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a group of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases are accompanied by progressive symmetric muscle elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, and inflammatory observed via muscle biopsy \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Dermatomyosit... | bACKGrounD {#SEC1}
==========
IDioPatHIC InFLaMMaTOry MYopathIeS (IiMS) aRE a gROuP of HETEROgEneoUS aUtoImmUNE disEaSeS tHat Are aCCOMPanIed By pROGressIVE SYmmETrIC MuScLe WeAknESs, eLevATed sERUm leVEls of muscLe ENzyMeS, eleCtroMYogRapHic aBNOrMaliTieS, aNd INFLamMaToRy INfiLtRAtEs oBsErved VIA MUscLe bioPsY \[[@C... | Background {#Sec1} ========== Idiopathic inflammatory myopathies(IIMs) are a groupof heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that are accompanied by progressive symmetric muscleweakness, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, and inflammatory infiltrates observed via muscle bio... | Background {#Sec1} ========== _Idiopathic_ inflammatory myopathies (IIMs) are a _group_ of heterogeneous autoimmune diseases that are _accompanied_ _by_ _progressive_ symmetric muscle weakness, elevated serum levels of muscle enzymes, electromyographic abnormalities, _and_ inflammatory infiltrates observed via muscle b... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Pulmonary edema, a state of abnormal fluid accumulation in the alveolar space of the lung, can interfere with normal oxygenation and ventilation. At baseline, the heart, lungs, and vascular system work in concert to facilitate fluid movement through the capillary and lymphatic b... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = pulmonary edema, a state of abnormal fluid accumulation in the alveolar space of the lung, can interfere with normal oxygenation and ventilation. at baseline, the heart, lungs, and vascular system work in concert to facilitate fluid movement through the capillary... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Pulmonary edema, a state of abnormal fluid accumulation in the alveolar space of the lung, can interfere with normal oxygenation and ventilation. At baseline, the heart, lungs, and vascular system work in concert to facilitate fluid movement through the capillary a... | Introduction {#sec1} =============== Pulmonary a state abnormal fluid accumulation in the alveolar space of the lung, can interfere with normal oxygenation and ventilation. At baseline, the heart, lungs, and system work in concert to facilitate fluid movement through the capillary and lymphatic beds of the lung ensurin... | 1. iNTROdUcTiON {#SEC1}
===============
puLmOnARY eDEmA, A StAtE of ABnorMAl FluiD aCCuMulatioN In the aLvEoLaR sPacE Of The lUNG, Can inteRfeRE wItH noRmal OxYGENATion And VENTilATIon. AT bASElInE, tHE hEaRt, LUngS, AnD VASCULAR SyStem WORk iN COnceRt To FACIlITAtE FLuId moVEMENt tHroUGH ThE CAPILLaRY aND lYmPhaTIC b... | 1. Introduction {#sec1}=============== Pulmonary edema, a state of abnormal fluid accumulation inthe alveolar space of the lung, can interfere with normal oxygenationand ventilation. At baseline, the heart, lungs, and vascularsystemwork in concert to facilitate fluidmovement through the capillary an... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Pulmonary edema, a state of _abnormal_ fluid _accumulation_ in the _alveolar_ space _of_ the lung, can interfere with normal oxygenation and ventilation. At baseline, the heart, lungs, and _vascular_ system _work_ in concert to facilitate fluid movement through the capillary _and... |
1. Introduction
===============
Some luminescent materials continue emitting light for minutes or hours after removal of the excitation. This phenomenon, known as **persistent luminescence**, is sometimes undesired, as it limits the use of these materials in applications that require high switching speeds, such as LED... | 1. introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = some luminescent materials continue emitting light for minutes or hours after removal of the excitation. this phenomenon, known as * * persistent luminescence * *, is sometimes undesired, as it limits the use of these materials in applications that require high switching sp... | 1. Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Some luminescent materials continue emitting light for minutes or hours after removal of the excitation. This phenomenon, known as * * persistent luminescence * *, is sometimes undesired, as it limits the use of these materials in applications that require high switching sp... | 1. Introduction =============== Some luminescent materials continue emitting light for minutes or hours after removal of the This phenomenon, known as **persistent luminescence**, is sometimes undesired, as limits the of these materials in applications that require high switching speeds, such as LEDs or information dis... | 1. inTRoduCtion
===============
SOMe LuMiNEScent mateRIaLS CoNTiNuE EmIttInG LiGHT FoR minuteS oR houRs AfTER remoVAL Of ThE eXcItAtIOn. tHIS phENOMENOn, KNOwn aS **PERsISTENT LuMINEsceNcE**, is sOMEtiMeS uNDeSirEd, AS iT LiMItS the uSe OF thESe mAteRIAlS IN aPpLICatiOnS tHAT REquirE higH SWitCHINg sPEedS, suCh AS leD... | 1. Introduction =============== Some luminescent materials continue emitting light for minutesor hours afterremoval of the excitation. This phenomenon, known as **persistent luminescence**, issometimesundesired, as it limitsthe useof thesematerialsin applications that require high switching spee... | 1. Introduction _===============_ Some luminescent materials continue emitting light for minutes or hours after removal _of_ the _excitation._ This phenomenon, known as _**persistent_ luminescence**, is sometimes undesired, as it limits the _use_ of _these_ materials in applications that require high _switching_ _speed... |
INTRODUCTION
============
The advent of microsurgery in the 1960\'s is considered to be one of the most important milestones in recent plastic and reconstructive surgery \[[@B1]\]. Although there is no generally agreed definition, microsurgery may be defined as surgery requiring an operating microscope. The first to c... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = the advent of microsurgery in the 1960 \ ' s is considered to be any of the most important milestones in recent plastic and reconstructive surgery \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ]. although there is no generally agreed definition, microsurgery may be defined as surgery requiring an operating micros... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = The advent of microsurgery in the 1960 \ ' s is considered to be one of the most important milestones in recent plastic and reconstructive surgery \ [[ @ B1] \ ]. Although there is no generally agreed definition, microsurgery may be defined as surgery requiring an operating microsco... | advent of microsurgery in 1960\'s considered to be one of the most important milestones in recent plastic and surgery \[[@B1]\]. Although there is no generally agreed definition, microsurgery may be defined as surgery requiring an operating microscope. The to coin the term \"microsurgery\" was the surgeon, who anastomo... | INtrODuCTIOn
============
the AdVent Of MiCROSUrGeRY In the 1960\'s IS coNsiDEreD TO bE One OF THe MOSt IMpOrTANt MileSTONes In recENT plasTic ANd recOnStRucTiVe SUrGeRY \[[@B1]\]. ALtHOugH tHerE iS NO GeNERAlLY Agreed DEFiNitIOn, microsUrgerY MaY Be dEfineD AS suRgErY reqUIRinG An oPeraTiNg MiCrOscoPe. THE fIRST to c... | INTRODUCTION ============ Theadventof microsurgery in the 1960\'s is considered to be one of the most important milestones in recentplastic and reconstructive surgery\[[@B1]\]. Although there is no generally agreeddefinition, microsurgerymay be defined as surgery requiring an operating microscop... | INTRODUCTION ============ The advent _of_ _microsurgery_ in the 1960\'s is considered to be _one_ _of_ the _most_ _important_ _milestones_ in recent plastic and reconstructive surgery _\[[@B1]\]._ Although there is no generally agreed definition, microsurgery may be defined as surgery _requiring_ an _operating_ microsc... |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
The copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and epoxides is an attractive means to valorize an abundant, renewable feedstock and to produce useful polymers with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Coupling reactions between CO~2~ and epoxides yield cyclic carbonates ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = the copolymerization of carbon dioxide ( co ~ 2 ~ ) and epoxides is an attractive means helped valorize an abundant, renewable feedstock and to produce useful polymers with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. ^ [ @ ref1 ] − [ @ ref3 ] ^ coupling reactions between co ~ 2 ~ a... | Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = The copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO ~ 2 ~) and epoxides is an attractive means to valorize an abundant, renewable feedstock and to produce useful polymers with reduced greenhouse gas emissions. ^ [@ ref1] − [@ ref3] ^ Coupling reactions between CO ~ 2 ~ and epoxides ... | Introduction ============ The copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and epoxides is an attractive means valorize an abundant, renewable feedstock produce useful polymers with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Coupling reactions between CO~2~ and epoxides yield cyclic carbonates as the thermodynami... | InTrODuCtioN {#SeC1}
============
tHE CopoLYMeRizaTion Of CaRBOn DIoXidE (CO~2~) ANd ePoxIDES IS AN AtTRaCtive MeaNS to VAlOrIzE an ABUnDaNt, rEnEWaBLE FEeDsTocK AnD to PRoDuce uSEFUL poLYmeRs WIth redUceD greeNHoUse GAs EMISsIoNs.^[@ref1]−[@Ref3]^ couPlINg REacTIonS BeTwEEN cO~2~ aND EPOxiDES yiEld CYcLiC carbONates ... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ The copolymerization of carbon dioxide (CO~2~) and epoxides is an attractive means to valorizean abundant,renewable feedstock and to produce useful polymers with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Couplingreactions betweenCO~2~ and epoxides yieldcyclic car... | Introduction _{#sec1}_ ============ The _copolymerization_ _of_ _carbon_ _dioxide_ (CO~2~) and epoxides is an attractive means to valorize an _abundant,_ renewable feedstock and to produce useful polymers with reduced greenhouse gas emissions.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Coupling reactions _between_ CO~2~ and epoxides yield cycli... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Memory reconsolidation (ReC) is a recently proposed process explaining the update of long-term memories in the brain. Upon activation, the memory trace enters a state of lability rendering it subject to alteration and permitting integration of new information before being restabalized, ... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = memory reconsolidation ( rec ) is a recently proposed process explaining the update of long - term memories in the brain. upon activation, the memory trace enters a state of lability rendering it subject to alteration and permitting integration of new information before bei... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Memory reconsolidation (ReC) is a recently proposed process explaining the update of long - term memories in the brain. Upon activation, the memory trace enters a state of lability rendering it subject to alteration and permitting integration of new information before being r... | Introduction ============ Memory reconsolidation (ReC) is a recently proposed process explaining the update of long-term memories in the brain. Upon activation, the memory trace enters a state of lability rendering it subject to alteration and permitting integration of new information before being restabalized, or reco... | IntRoDUCtioN {#s1}
============
MeMoRy RECoNsoLIDatIon (REC) IS A rECEnTLY pROPoSED procESS EXpLaINInG THE UpDATe Of Long-TERm mEmoRiEs in The BRaiN. upoN ActIvaTion, thE MEmOry TracE eNTErS a State Of lAbiLiTY renderinG iT sUBJECt To ALtErAtiON AND permITtING inTEgraTIon oF nEw InfoRmaTiOn bEforE beiNG reSTAbalIzed, ... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Memoryreconsolidation (ReC) is arecently proposed process explaining the update of long-term memories inthe brain.Uponactivation, the memory trace enters a state of lability renderingit subject to alteration and permitting integration of new information before being rest... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Memory _reconsolidation_ (ReC) is _a_ recently proposed process explaining the update of long-term memories in the _brain._ Upon activation, _the_ memory trace enters a state of lability rendering it _subject_ _to_ alteration and permitting _integration_ _of_ new information before being... |
Notice of Republication {#s1}
=======================
This article was republished on July 1st, 2014, due to panel B of Figure 3 being erroneously removed during the production process. The publisher apologizes for this error. Please download the PDF again to view the corrected article and the complete Figure 3. The o... | notice of republication { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = this article was republished until july 1st, 2014, due to panel b of figure 1 being erroneously removed since the production season. pdf publisher apologizes for this error. please download the pdf again to view the corrected article with th... | Notice of Republication {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = This arYLcle was republished on July 1st, #01E, due to panel B of Figure 3 being erroneously rFmov$d during the production process. The publisher apologizes for this error. Please download the PDF again to view the vKrrected article and the co... | Notice of Republication {#s1} ======================= This article republished on July 1st, 2014, due to B of Figure being erroneously removed during the production process. The publisher apologizes for this error. Please download the PDF again to view the article and the complete Figure 3. The originally article and t... | NOTICE oF repUbLIcaTion {#S1}
=======================
ThIS ArTicLe wAs RepublishED ON JuLy 1ST, 2014, duE TO PAnEl B oF fIGUre 3 BEING eRrOnEOUsLy remOved dURing thE pRODUCTIon ProCESs. tHe pUbLISHER APoLoGIZeS for tHIs ERROr. please doWnLoad thE pDf AgaIn tO VIew thE COrRECtED aRTIcLe and tHE cOmPlete fIGure 3. thE O... | Notice of Republication {#s1} ======================= This article was republished on July 1st, 2014, due to panel Bof Figure 3 being erroneously removed during the production process. The publisher apologizes forthis error. Please download the PDF again to view the corrected article andthe complete Fi... | Notice of Republication {#s1} ======================= This article _was_ republished _on_ July 1st, _2014,_ due to panel B of Figure 3 being _erroneously_ removed during the production process. _The_ publisher _apologizes_ _for_ this error. Please download the _PDF_ again to _view_ the corrected article and the _comple... |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
In 2012, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The incidence of HCC was ranked as the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence rate was approximately 11.1 per 100,000 persons in 2012 \[[@R1]\]. International Agency for R... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = in 2012, hepatocellular carcinoma ( hcc ) was the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. the incidence of hcc was ranked in the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence rate was approximately 11. 1 per 100, 000 persons in 2012 \ [ [ @ r1 ] \ ]. in... | INTRODUCTION {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = In 2012, hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) was the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The incidence of HCC was ranked as the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence rate was approximately 11. 1 per 100, 000 persons in 2012 \ [[ @ R1] \ ]. Internat... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ In 2012, hepatocellular carcinoma was the third leading cause of cancer mortality worldwide. The of HCC was the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and its rate was approximately 11.1 per 100,000 in 2012 \[[@R1]\]. International Agency for Research on Cancer reported that five-year pre... | iNtroDUCtioN {#s1}
============
In 2012, hePAToCeLLULaR caRCInOmA (HCc) wAS tHe tHIRD leADing CAuse Of CAnCeR moRtaLitY wOrLDwide. THE IncIdEnCe oF Hcc WAS rANKED as thE SEvENth MOST CoMMon canceR WORlDWide, AnD ITS INcidEnCE RAte Was aPProXIMately 11.1 pER 100,000 PeRSoNs iN 2012 \[[@R1]\]. inTERNAtiONal agENcY FoR R... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ In 2012, hepatocellularcarcinoma (HCC) was the third leading cause ofcancer mortality worldwide. The incidence ofHCC wasrankedas the seventh most common cancer worldwide, and its incidence rate was approximately11.1 per 100,000 persons in 2012 \[[@R1]\]. International Agency fo... | INTRODUCTION {#s1} ============ In _2012,_ hepatocellular _carcinoma_ (HCC) was _the_ _third_ leading _cause_ of _cancer_ mortality worldwide. The incidence of HCC _was_ ranked as the seventh most _common_ cancer worldwide, _and_ its incidence rate was approximately _11.1_ per 100,000 _persons_ in 2012 \[[@R1]\]. Inter... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-06119}
===============
Mycotoxins are extracellular metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that contaminate cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables. The most important *Fusarium* toxins are trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins (FBs), that are dangerous for human and anima... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - ijms - 20 - 06119 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = mycotoxins are extracellular metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that contaminate cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables. the most important * fusarium * toxins are trichothecenes, zearalenone ( zen ), resistant fumonisins ( fbs ), that... | 1. Introduction {# sec1 - ijms - 20 - 06119} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Mycotoxins are extracellular metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that contaminate cereals, grains, fruits, and vegetables. The most important * Fusarium * toxins are trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN ), and fumonisins (FBs ), that are dange... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-06119} =============== Mycotoxins are extracellular metabolites produced by filamentous fungi contaminate cereals, fruits, and vegetables. The important *Fusarium* toxins are trichothecenes, zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisins (FBs), that are dangerous for human and animal health, and their pre... | 1. iNtrODuction {#seC1-IjmS-20-06119}
===============
mycotoXIns ARe eXtraceLLuLAr mETaBoLIteS produCEd by FiLAmENTouS FUnGI THat COntAmInaTe CEReALs, grAINS, fRUitS, aNd vEgeTabLEs. THE moSt imPOrtanT *FusARiuM* tOxiNs ARE tRicHOThECeNEs, zeAralenOnE (Zen), ANd FUmOniSins (FBS), THAt aRE danGerOUs for HumAn AnD aNIMa... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-06119}=============== Mycotoxinsare extracellular metabolitesproduced by filamentous fungi that contaminate cereals, grains, fruits, andvegetables. The most important *Fusarium* toxins are trichothecenes,zearalenone (ZEN), and fumonisins (FBs), thataredangerous for human ... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-06119} =============== Mycotoxins are extracellular metabolites produced by filamentous fungi that contaminate cereals, grains, fruits, and _vegetables._ The most important _*Fusarium*_ toxins are trichothecenes, _zearalenone_ (ZEN), and fumonisins (FBs), that are dangerous for _human_ an... |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Resistance training (RT) is widely recommended for subjects seeking improvements of the neuromuscular system, athletic performance, and overall health and wellness ([@B1]; [@B31]; [@B13]; [@B17]; [@B19]). Men and women of all ages display increases in muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = resistance training ( rt ) is widely recommended for trainers seeking improvements of the neuromuscular system, athletic performance, and overall health and wellness ( [ @ b1 ] ; [ @ a1 ] ; [ @ b13 ] ; [ @ b17 ] ; [ @ b19 ] ). men and women of all ages display increases in ... | Introduction {# S1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Resistance training (RT) is widely recommended for subjects seeking improvements of the neuromuscular system, athletic performance, and overall health and wellness ([ @ B1 ]; [@ B31 ]; [@ B13 ]; [@ B17 ]; [@ B19] ). Men and women of all ages display increases in muscle hypert... | Introduction {#S1} Resistance training (RT) is widely recommended for subjects seeking improvements of the neuromuscular system, athletic performance, and overall health and wellness ([@B1]; [@B31]; [@B13]; [@B17]; [@B19]). Men and women of all ages increases in muscle hypertrophy, muscle strength, and capacity with th... | InTroDUCtIOn {#s1}
============
REsiStanCE TraiNiNg (rT) iS wIdelY rEcoMMENdeD For SuBjEctS SeEKINg iMprOvEMENts OF tHE neUROMUscULar sYStEM, aTHlETic perfoRmancE, AND oVeRAlL HeaLtH AnD wElLNeSs ([@B1]; [@b31]; [@b13]; [@b17]; [@B19]). MeN And woMEn oF All AgES DiSpLAY InCreASES In mUsCle hYPERtrOpHY, musCle sTrEngTh... | Introduction {#S1}============Resistance training (RT) is widely recommended for subjects seeking improvements ofthe neuromuscular system, athletic performance, and overall health and wellness ([@B1]; [@B31]; [@B13]; [@B17]; [@B19]). Men and women of all ages displayincreases in muscle hypertrophy, mus... | Introduction {#S1} ============ Resistance training (RT) is widely _recommended_ _for_ subjects seeking improvements of the neuromuscular system, athletic performance, and overall health _and_ _wellness_ ([@B1]; _[@B31];_ [@B13]; [@B17]; [@B19]). Men and _women_ of _all_ ages display increases in muscle hypertrophy, mu... |
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{#SP... | {#sp1 .17} {#sp2 .18}{#sp3 .19} {#sp4.20} {#sp5 .21} {#sp6 .22}{#sp7 .23} {#sp8 ... | {#sp1 .17} {#sp2 .18} {#sp3 .19} {#sp4 _.20}_ {#sp5 .21} {#sp6 .22} {#sp7 .23} {#sp8 .24... |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Rapid technological and industrial developments continuously result in the emission of hazardous gases, toxins, and biomolecules. Therefore, sensing of such undesirable chemical or biochemical forms has become a significant research endeavor in recent years.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Certain g... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = rapid technological and industrial developments continuously result in the emission of hazardous gases, toxins, and biomolecules. therefore, sensing of such undesirable chemical or biochemical forms has become a significant research endeavor in recent years. ^ [ @ ref1 ] ... | Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Rapid technological and industrial developments continuously result in the emission of hazardous gases, toxins, and biomolecules. Therefore, sensing of such undesirable chemical or biochemical forms has become a significant research endeavor in recent years. ^ [@ ref1] − [@... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ Rapid technological and industrial continuously result the of hazardous gases, toxins, and biomolecules. Therefore, sensing of such chemical or biochemical forms has become a significant endeavor in years.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Certain gases such as NH~3~, NO~*x*~, CO are contributed to the... | iNTrOduction {#sEc1}
============
rApID tecHnOLOgical anD InDUSTRIaL dEVelOPMeNts cOnTinUouslY rESUlt iN The EmiSSIoN Of HAzArDOus gasES, tOXINS, aND BIomOLEcUlEs. tHEREfore, SEnSiNG oF sUcH uNdesirAbLE CHemIcAL OR bIoChEmicAl fORmS HAS beCOme a signifiCAnT rEseaRCh EndEAVOr IN ReCent YEars.^[@REF1]−[@REf3]^ ceRTAIn g... | Introduction{#sec1} ============ Rapid technological and industrial developments continuously result in the emission of hazardous gases, toxins, and biomolecules. Therefore, sensing of such undesirable chemical or biochemical forms has become a significant research endeavor inrecent years.^[@ref1]−[... | Introduction {#sec1} _============_ _Rapid_ technological and industrial developments continuously result in the emission of hazardous gases, toxins, and biomolecules. Therefore, sensing _of_ such undesirable chemical or biochemical _forms_ has become a significant research endeavor in recent years.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ Ce... |
Research in contextEvidence before this studyCircadian rhythm controls behavior, physiology, and mood, and makes them adapt to 24 h day-night periodicity. Dysfunction of circadian clock genes leads to a variety of disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, autoimmunity, and even cancer.Gastric cancer (GC... | research in contextevidence before this time rhythm controls behavior, temperament, and mood, and makes them adapt to 24 hz day - time periodicity. dysfunction of circadian clock genes leads to a variety of disease, such as metabolic syndrome, leukemia, diabetes, autoimmunity, and even cancer. gastric cancer ( gc ) is ... | Research in contextEvidence before this studyCircadian rhythm controls behavior, physiology, and mood, and makes them adapt to 24 h day - night periodicity. fusfunction of circadian clock genes leads to a variety of disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, autoimmunity, and even cancer. Gastric cancer ... | Research in contextEvidence before this studyCircadian rhythm controls behavior, physiology, and mood, and makes them adapt to 24 h day-night periodicity. Dysfunction of circadian clock genes leads to of disorders, such as metabolic syndrome, obesity, diabetes, autoimmunity, and cancer.Gastric cancer (GC) is the fourth... | REseARcH In ConTExteVideNcE befOre this StuDyCIRCadIan rHYThm coNTROLS beHaVIor, PhYSIology, And MOOD, AnD maKes ThEM ADaPT tO 24 H day-nIGHT PeriODiCITy. DySFuNcTIon Of cIRcadIAN ClOCk geneS leadS TO A VARiety Of DisoRDerS, SUcH AS meTabOlic syndROmE, oBeSITy, DiABeteS, auToIMMuNiTY, aNd eVEN cANCER.gaSTric cAnCEr (gC... | Research incontextEvidence before this studyCircadian rhythm controlsbehavior, physiology, andmood, and makesthem adapt to 24 h day-night periodicity. Dysfunctionof circadian clock genes leads to a varietyof disorders, such as metabolicsyndrome, obesity, diabetes, autoimmunity, and even cancer.Gastric cancer (G... | Research in contextEvidence before this studyCircadian rhythm _controls_ behavior, physiology, _and_ mood, _and_ makes _them_ adapt to _24_ h day-night periodicity. Dysfunction of circadian clock genes leads to a variety of disorders, such _as_ metabolic _syndrome,_ obesity, diabetes, autoimmunity, and even cancer.Gast... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
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Injury is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children within the United States. Long-term complications, including depression \[[@CR1]\], chronic pain \[[@CR2]\], and physical functional deficits that include difficulty with mobility and self-care \[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\], ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = injury is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children within the united states. long - term complications, including depression \ [ [ @ cr1 ] \ ], acute pain \ [ [ @ cr2 ] \ ], and physical functional deficits that include difficulty with mobility and sel... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Injury is the most common cause of morbidity and mortality in children within the United States. Long - term complications, including depression \ [[ @ CR1] \ ], chronic pain \ [[ @ CR2] \ ], and physical functional deficits that include difficulty with mobility and self - ... | {#Sec1} is the most common cause of and mortality in children within the United States. Long-term complications, including depression \[[@CR1]\], chronic \[[@CR2]\], and physical functional deficits that include difficulty with mobility self-care \[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\], have been in almost half \[[@CR3]\] injured children.... | INTrODuCTIOn {#SeC1}
============
INJURY is tHE mOst COmmON cAUse of MOrbIDiTY and mOrTALiTy iN chIldrEn WITHIN tHE UniTeD sTATEs. LOnG-tERM COMplIcAtiONS, INCLUdINg depRESSion \[[@cr1]\], cHroNic paIN \[[@cR2]\], ANd PhySICAl fuNCTIOnAl deficiTs thAT iNClUdE diFfICuLTy with moBiliTy aNd seLf-CaRe \[[@Cr2]--[@cr4]\], ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Injury is the most common causeofmorbidityandmortality inchildren within the United States. Long-term complications, including depression \[[@CR1]\],chronic pain \[[@CR2]\], and physical functional deficits that include difficulty withmobility and self-care \[[@CR2]--[@... | _Introduction_ _{#Sec1}_ ============ Injury is the _most_ _common_ cause _of_ morbidity _and_ mortality in children _within_ the United States. _Long-term_ complications, including depression \[[@CR1]\], chronic pain \[[@CR2]\], and physical functional deficits that include difficulty with mobility and self-care \[[@C... |
Two-dimensional (2D) radiography and model surgery have traditionally been used for planning orthognathic surgeries. This approach, however, has limitations when presenting and analyzing complex three-dimensional (3D) maxillofacial structures, especially for patients with major facial deformity or asymmetry[@b1][@b2][@... | two - dimensional ( 2d ) radiography and laser surgery have traditionally been used for planning orthognathic surgeries. this approach, however, has limitations when presenting and analyzing complex three - dimensional ( 3d ) maxillofacial structures, especially for patients with major facial deformity or asymmetry [ @... | Two - dimensional (2D) radiography and model surgery have traditionally been used for planning orthognathic surgeries. This approach, however, has limitations when presenting and analyzing complex three - dimensional (3D) maxillofacial structures, especially for patients with major facial deformity or asymmetry [@ b1] ... | Two-dimensional (2D) radiography and model surgery have traditionally been used for planning orthognathic surgeries. This approach, however, has limitations when presenting and analyzing complex three-dimensional (3D) maxillofacial structures, for patients with major facial deformity asymmetry[@b1][@b2][@b3]. 2D cephal... | TWo-DImEnSiOnaL (2D) RaDiOGrApHY ANd moDEl sURgErY hAVE TRadItiONAlly BeEN used FoR PLannIng orTHOGnathiC surgERIES. ThIS ApPRoAch, HOweveR, HaS lImITAtIoNs when preSeNtiNG AND anaLyZiNG Complex tHREE-diMENSiOnaL (3D) MAXIlloFACiAl sTrUCtuReS, ESpEcIALLY FOR paTIENTs WITh mAJoR fACIAl DEFORMitY Or AsyMMETRy[@B1][@B2][@... | Two-dimensional (2D) radiography and model surgery have traditionally been used forplanning orthognathic surgeries. This approach,however, has limitationswhen presenting and analyzing complex three-dimensional (3D) maxillofacial structures, especially for patients with major facialdeformity orasymmetry[@b... | Two-dimensional _(2D)_ radiography and model surgery have _traditionally_ been used for planning orthognathic _surgeries._ This approach, however, has _limitations_ when presenting and analyzing complex three-dimensional (3D) _maxillofacial_ _structures,_ especially for patients _with_ major _facial_ deformity or _asym... |
1. Trading within Biological Systems {#sec1-cancers-11-00117}
====================================
In economics, barter is the exchange of goods or services without the involvement of money, under the premise that the two sides coincidentally want each other's offer. As a means of trading, barter is now rare, but is h... | 1. trading within biological systems { # sec1 - cancers - 11 - 00117 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = in economics, barter is the exchange of goods or services without the involvement of money, under an premise that the two sides coincidentally want each other ' s offer. as a me... | 1. Trading within Biological cysteNs {# sec1 - cancers - 11 - 00117} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = In economics, barter is the exchange of goods or services without the involvement of money, under the premise that the two sides coincidentally want each other ' s offer. As a mea... | 1. Trading within Biological Systems ==================================== In economics, barter is the exchange of goods services without the involvement of money, under the premise that the two sides coincidentally want each other's offer. As a means barter is now rare, but is historically significant for its role enab... | 1. TRading wIThiN BiOloGiCaL syStemS {#sec1-CAnCerS-11-00117}
====================================
IN EconOMIcS, baRtEr IS The ExChaNGe Of GOodS or SErviCeS wiTHout thE InVolveMeNt oF MoNey, UnDER tHe pREMiSE thAt THE tWo Sides CoINcideNTALly WaNt each oTHER's OFfeR. aS A MEaNs of trAdiNg, BARtEr is NoW rARE, but iS h... | 1. Trading within Biological Systems {#sec1-cancers-11-00117} ==================================== In economics, barteris the exchange of goods or services without the involvement of money, under the premise thatthetwo sides coincidentally wanteach other's offer.As ameans of trading, barter is now rare, b... | 1. Trading within _Biological_ Systems {#sec1-cancers-11-00117} ==================================== In _economics,_ barter is the exchange of goods or _services_ without the involvement of money, under the _premise_ that the two _sides_ coincidentally want each _other's_ offer. As a means _of_ trading, barter _is_ now... |
1. Introduction
===============
Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesions of spinal cord extending to ≥3 vertebral segments.^\[[@R1]\]^ The causes of LETM including various infections, neoplastic reason, and autoimmune disease.^\[[@R2]\]^ Neuromyelitis opti... | 1. introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis ( letm ) is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesions of spinal cord extending to ≥3 vertebral segments. ^ \ [ [ @ r1 ] \ ] ^ the causes are letm including various infections, neoplastic reason, and autoimmune disease. ^ \... | 1. Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is characterized by contiguous inflammatory lesions of spinal cord extending to ≥ 3 vertebral segments. ^ \ [[ @ R1] \] ^ The causes of LETM including various infections, neoplastic reason, and autoimmune disease. ^ \ [[ @... | 1. Introduction =============== Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is by contiguous inflammatory lesions of spinal cord extending to ≥3 vertebral segments.^\[[@R1]\]^ The causes of including various neoplastic reason, and autoimmune disease.^\[[@R2]\]^ Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is ... | 1. INTRodUCtIon
===============
LOngItuDInaLly EXTENsIVE TRAnSverse MYeLitiS (lETm) iS CHaRaCTeRIzed bY ConTIGUoUS InFlamMAtORy LESIOnS of sPINal coRD EXTeNDIng to ≥3 VertebRaL SEgMENts.^\[[@r1]\]^ ThE CAuseS oF LetM iNCLUdIng VARiOUS INFeCTionS, nEOPLAstic ReAson, AND aUTOIMmUne dIseASE.^\[[@r2]\]^ NEurOmYEliTiS oPti... | 1.Introduction =============== Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM)is characterizedby contiguous inflammatory lesions ofspinal cord extending to ≥3 vertebralsegments.^\[[@R1]\]^ The causes of LETM including various infections, neoplastic reason,and autoimmune disease.^\[[@R2]\]^ Neuromye... | 1. Introduction =============== Longitudinally extensive transverse myelitis (LETM) is _characterized_ by contiguous inflammatory _lesions_ of _spinal_ cord _extending_ to _≥3_ vertebral segments.^\[[@R1]\]^ The causes of LETM including various _infections,_ neoplastic reason, and autoimmune disease.^\[[@R2]\]^ Neuromy... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Contact heterogeneity in infectious disease epidemiology {#Sec2}
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Infectious pathogens that spread via contact between people are a major cause of human disease, driving attempts to understand their epidemiology \[[@CR1]\]. Much... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = contact heterogeneity in infectious disease epidemiology { # sec2 } - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - as pathogens that spread via contact between people are another major cause of human disease... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Contact heterogeneity in infectious disease epidemiology {# Sec2} - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Infectious pathogens that spread via contact between people are a major cause of human r*sease, ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Contact heterogeneity infectious disease epidemiology {#Sec2} -------------------------------------------------------- Infectious pathogens that spread via contact between people are a major cause of human disease, driving to understand their epidemiology \[[@CR1]\]. Much theoretical w... | iNtRODUction {#sEc1}
============
CONtACt HeteroGENEIty In InFEcTIOUS diSeAsE EPIdeMIOloGy {#SEC2}
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INfeCtIOUS PatHogEns tHAT sprEaD vIA COntACt bETwEen PeOPLE arE A MAJOr CAuSe of hUmAN disEASe, DRIviNg AtTEMPts tO unDERSTaND ThEIr epiDEMIOlOGY \[[@CR1]\]. mUCH... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Contact heterogeneity in infectious disease epidemiology {#Sec2} --------------------------------------------------------Infectious pathogens thatspread via contact betweenpeople are a major cause of humandisease, driving attempts to understand their epidemiology \[[@CR1]\]. ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Contact heterogeneity in infectious _disease_ epidemiology {#Sec2} _--------------------------------------------------------_ Infectious pathogens that spread via contact between people are _a_ major cause _of_ _human_ disease, _driving_ attempts to understand _their_ epidemiology _\[[... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Using long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) can reduce malaria morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. Worldwide funding for malaria control fell by 8% between 2013 and 2014 \[[@CR4]\]. Funding for the provision of LLINs can continue to decrease \[[@CR5]\] and it is necessary to ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = using long - lasting insecticidal nets ( llins ) can reduce malaria morbidity and mortality \ [ [ @ cr1 ] - - [ @ cr3 ] \ ]. worldwide funding for malaria control fell by 8 % between 2013 and 2014 \ [ [ @ cr4 ] \ ]. funding for the provision of llins can continue to decre... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Using long - lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) can reduce malaria morbidity and mortality \ [[ @ CR1] - - [@ CR3] \ ]. Worldwide funding for malaria control fell by 8% between 2013 and 2014 \ [[ @ CR4] \ ]. Funding for the provision of LLINs can continue to decrease \ [[ @ ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) can reduce malaria morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. Worldwide funding for malaria control fell by 8% between 2013 2014 \[[@CR4]\]. Funding for the provision of LLINs can continue to decrease and it is to ensure cost-effective and LLINs ... | iNtROdUCtIon {#SEC1}
============
usINg lonG-lAsTInG insecTiCIdal nets (lLINs) Can reDUCe mAlARia MOrBidiTY and morTaliTy \[[@Cr1]--[@Cr3]\]. WOrLdwide FUNDING FOr mALAriA cOntROL fELl by 8% bEtWeeN 2013 ANd 2014 \[[@cr4]\]. funDING For the PROViSIon of llIns Can CoNtInuE to DEcReasE \[[@cr5]\] aNd it Is NEcesSARy to ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Using long-lastinginsecticidal nets (LLINs) can reduce malaria morbidity and mortality \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. Worldwide funding for malaria control fell by 8% between2013 and 2014 \[[@CR4]\].Fundingfor the provision of LLINs can continue to decrease \[[@CR5]\] and ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Using _long-lasting_ insecticidal nets (LLINs) can reduce _malaria_ morbidity and _mortality_ \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. Worldwide funding for malaria control fell _by_ 8% between 2013 _and_ 2014 _\[[@CR4]\]._ Funding _for_ the provision of _LLINs_ _can_ continue to _decrease_ \[[@CR5]\] and ... |
Introduction {#s2}
============
Macro-autophagy is a complex multistep process that facilitates the degradation of damaged and excess proteins and organelles to generate macromolecular building blocks and fuel metabolic pathways ([@bib30]). The autophagy pathway has critical roles in core biological processes such as ... | introduction { # s2 } = = = = = = = = = = = = macro - autophagy is a complex multistep process that facilitates the degradation of damaged and excess proteins and organelles to generate macromolecular building blocks and fuel metabolic pathways ( [ @ bib30 ] ). the autophagy pathway has critical roles linking core biol... | Introduction {# s2} = = = = = = = = = = = = Macro - autophagy is a complex multistep process that facilitates the degradation of damaged and excess proteins and organelles to generate macromolecular building blocks and fuel metabolic pathways ([ @ bib30] ). The autophagy pathway has critical roles in core biological pr... | Introduction {#s2} ============ Macro-autophagy is a complex multistep process that facilitates the degradation damaged and excess proteins and organelles to generate macromolecular building blocks and fuel metabolic pathways ([@bib30]). The autophagy pathway has critical roles in core biological processes such as mito... | iNtRoducTIon {#s2}
============
MACro-autoPhagy iS A comPLEX MULtiSTep PROCEsS thaT FacIlItAtES tHe deGRaDation of daMAgED And ExcEss PROTEiNs And ORGanElleS TO GENERaTe MacRomOLeCULar BuiLDinG bLoCKs and fUEL MeTAboliC pATHWays ([@bIb30]). THe AUTOphaGy PAthwaY has CrITicAL ROLEs iN coRE bIoLogiCAL prOcEsSeS SUch As ... | Introduction {#s2} ============ Macro-autophagy is acomplex multistep process thatfacilitates the degradation of damaged and excess proteinsand organelles to generate macromolecular building blocks and fuel metabolic pathways ([@bib30]).The autophagy pathwayhas critical roles incore biological p... | Introduction _{#s2}_ ============ Macro-autophagy is a _complex_ multistep process that facilitates the degradation of damaged _and_ excess proteins _and_ organelles to generate macromolecular building blocks and fuel metabolic pathways ([@bib30]). The autophagy _pathway_ has critical _roles_ in core biological _proces... |
We would like to submit the following corrections to our recently published paper \[[@B1-nutrients-12-01263]\] after discovering the inclusion of three studies in our review that did not meet the inclusion criteria we had specified in our methods: healthy adults (≥18 years old) or individuals with overweight/obesity an... | we would like to submit the following corrections to our recently published paper \ [ [ @ b1 - 001 - 12 - 01263 ] \ ] after discovering the inclusion of several studies in our review that did not meet the inclusion criteria we had specified in our methods : healthy adults ( ≥18 years old ) or individuals with overweigh... | We would like to submit the following corrections to our recently published paper \ [[ @ B1 - nutrients - 12 - 01263] \] after discovering the inclusion of three studies in our review that did not meet the inc;us9on criteria we had specified in our methods: healthy adults (≥ 18 years old) or individuals with overweight... | We would like to the following corrections to our recently paper \[[@B1-nutrients-12-01263]\] after the inclusion of three studies in our review that did not meet the inclusion criteria we had specified in our methods: healthy adults years old) or individuals with overweight/obesity and/or type 2 diabetes (T2D). Specif... | we wOulD liKe to SUbMIt thE foLLoWInG CORrEctioNs tO our REcenTLy PuBliSheD PapeR \[[@B1-nutRiEnts-12-01263]\] aFtEr diSCOVeriNg The INCLuSioN OF thReE sTUdIEs IN ouR ReviEw THat did NoT mEET the InCLuSiON CrITeRiA we Had SpEcifIED in oUr MetHods: HEALThy aDUltS (≥18 YeaRS OlD) or InDIVIduAls wiTh OVeRwEIGhT/obesiTy aN... | We would liketo submit thefollowing corrections to our recently publishedpaper \[[@B1-nutrients-12-01263]\] afterdiscovering the inclusion of three studies in our review that did not meet the inclusion criteriawe had specified in our methods: healthyadults (≥18 years old) or individuals with overwei... | We would _like_ to _submit_ the following corrections to our _recently_ published _paper_ \[[@B1-nutrients-12-01263]\] after discovering the inclusion of three studies in our review that did not meet the inclusion _criteria_ we had specified in our methods: healthy adults (≥18 years _old)_ or individuals _with_ _overwe... |
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{.250} ![](medhist00003-0109.tif"scanned-page"){.251} {.252} {.253} {.254} {.255} ![](medhist00003-0114.tif "scann... | _![](medhist00003-0108.tif_ _"scanned-page"){.250}_ {.251} _{.252} {.253} {.254} _{.255}  classification of tumors of the digestive system divides pancreatic endocrine tumors into three grades based on mitotic rate and proliferation index (PI) as det... | introduction { # f - 1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = histopathologic classification of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is complex and the recent world health organization ( who ) classification of tumors of the digestive system divides pancreatic endocrine tumors into three grades instead of mitotic rate and proliferation i... | INTRODUCTION {# sec1 - 1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Histopathologic classification of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is complex and the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the digestive system divides pancreatic endocrine tumors into three grades based on mitotic rate and proliferation inde... | INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1} ============ classification of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is complex the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumors of the digestive system divides pancreatic endocrine tumors into three grades based on mitotic rate and proliferation index (PI) as determined by immunohist... | IntrOduCTioN {#sEc1-1}
============
hISTOPaThOLogic CLaSSifICatIOn OF PANCReatIC endocRINe NEOplaSmS is cOmPLeX AnD tHE rECENT world heALtH orgANIzaTIOn (WhO) ClASsIfiCAtiOn oF tUmOrS of tHE DiGESTivE System diviDeS PanCReATIC enDoCRinE tUmOrS iNto tHreE GRadeS BASed oN MITotIC RatE AnD PROlIFeRATiOn InDex (Pi) As deT... | INTRODUCTION{#sec1-1} ============ Histopathologicclassification of pancreatic endocrine neoplasms is complex and the recent World Health Organization (WHO) classification of tumorsof the digestive system divides pancreaticendocrine tumors into three grades based on mitoticrate and proliferation inde... | _INTRODUCTION_ {#sec1-1} _============_ Histopathologic classification of _pancreatic_ endocrine neoplasms is complex _and_ the recent World _Health_ _Organization_ (WHO) _classification_ of _tumors_ of _the_ digestive system divides _pancreatic_ endocrine _tumors_ into _three_ grades based _on_ mitotic rate and prolif... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The Collier/Olfactory-1/Early B-cell factor (COE) family of transcription factors is necessary for animal development. COE proteins possess an atypical HLH domain and a unique zinc finger DNA binding domain conserved across metazoans [@pgen.1004746-Daburon1]. Invertebrates encode a sing... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = the collier / olfactory - 1 / early b - cell factor ( coe ) family of growth factors is necessary for animal development. coe proteins possess an atypical hlh domain and a unique zinc finger dna binding domain conserved across metazoans [ @ pgen. 001 - daburon1 ]. invertebr... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = The Collier / Olfactory - 1 / Early B - cell factor (COE) family of transcription factors is necessary for animal development. COE proteins possess an atypical HLH domain and a unique zinc fiHge% DNA binding domain conserved across metazoans [@ pgen. 1004746 - Daburon1 ]. Inv... | {#s1} ============ The Collier/Olfactory-1/Early factor (COE) family of transcription is necessary for development. COE proteins possess an atypical HLH domain and a unique zinc finger DNA binding domain conserved across metazoans [@pgen.1004746-Daburon1]. Invertebrates encode single homolog of COE, with in mesoderm an... | InTRODuCtioN {#S1}
============
The collieR/oLFActoRy-1/eaRLy b-celL FAcToR (coe) fAMILY oF trAnSCRIpTIon FacTORS is nECesSAry fOR AnImAL dEVeLOPMEnt. COE prOteINs PoSSess aN aTYPicAL hLh doMAIN anD a UnIque ZInc fIngER Dna BiNdINg DomAIN COnservEd AcrOSs mETAZOANS [@PGEN.1004746-DABURon1]. INvERTeBrates ENcoDE a siNg... | Introduction {#s1} ============ The Collier/Olfactory-1/Early B-cell factor (COE) family of transcription factors is necessaryfor animal development. COE proteins possess an atypical HLH domain and a unique zinc finger DNA bindingdomain conserved across metazoans [@pgen.1004746-Daburon1]. Invertebrates encode a ... | Introduction {#s1} ============ The _Collier/Olfactory-1/Early_ B-cell _factor_ (COE) family of transcription factors is necessary for _animal_ development. COE proteins possess _an_ atypical HLH domain and a unique zinc finger _DNA_ binding _domain_ conserved across metazoans [@pgen.1004746-Daburon1]. Invertebrates en... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The objectives of the present investigation are to determine the shape, height, and location of the lingula in relation to the mandibular ramal landmarks and the mandibular first molar in a Turkish pediatric population of 6- to 12-year-old children using cone-beam computed tomog... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = the purposes of the present investigation are to determine the shape, height, and location of the lingula in relation to the mandibular ramal landmarks and the mandibular first molar in a turkish pediatric population of 6 - to 13 - year - old children using cone ... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = The objectives of the present &ncestigation are to determine the shape, height, and location of the lingula in relation to the mandibular ramal landmarks and the mandibular first molar in a Turkish pediatric population of 6 - to 12 - year - old children using cone ... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== The objectives of the present investigation are to determine the shape, height, and location the lingula in to the ramal landmarks and the mandibular first molar in a Turkish pediatric population of 6- to 12-year-old children computed (CBCT). The differences in the parameters wer... | 1. INtrodUCtiOn {#sec1}
===============
the ObjeCtiveS oF THE PReseNT InveSTigATIon aRE to DetERMiNE tHe sHApe, HEIGht, anD lOCatiOn Of tHe lInGuLA In RELAtION tO tHe MaNdIBuLAr RAMal LANDMarkS AND thE manDIbULAr fIRst molaR in A tuRKIsh pEdIATric pOpulaTIoN Of 6- TO 12-yeAr-OlD ChiLDReN UsIng cone-BeaM ComPutEd TOmOG... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== The objectives of the present investigationare to determine theshape, height, and location of the lingula in relation tothe mandibular ramal landmarks and the mandibular first molar in a Turkish pediatric population of 6- to 12-year-old children using co... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== The objectives _of_ the present investigation are to _determine_ the shape, height, _and_ location of _the_ lingula _in_ relation to the _mandibular_ ramal landmarks _and_ the mandibular first _molar_ _in_ a Turkish pediatric population _of_ 6- to 12-year-old _children_ using _co... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Insomnia refers to a subjective experience in which patients are not satisfied with sleep time and quality and affect social function during the day, mainly manifested as difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance disorder, early awakening, poor sleep quality, and less total s... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = insomnia refers to a subjective experience in which patients are not satisfied with sleep time and quality and affect social function during the day, mainly manifested as difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance disorder, early awakening, poor sleep quality, ... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Insomnia refers to a subjective experience in which patients are not satisfied with sleep time and quality and affect social function during the day, mainly manifested as difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance disorder, early awakening, poor sleep quality, an... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Insomnia to a subjective experience in which patients not satisfied with time and quality and affect function during the day, manifested as difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance disorder, early awakening, poor sleep quality, less total sleep time \[[@B1]\]. Current therape... | 1. INtRODUCTiOn {#SEc1}
===============
INsoMNIa RefeRs TO A suBjECTiVe ExpeRienCE In which patiEnTs are NOT SaTIsFIed With sleep TimE And qUALITY And afFect SocIAL FunCtIon duRInG the DAy, MAINlY mANIFesTeD as DifFICuLty fAlLING aSLeEp, SlEeP mAInTenANce DiSORdER, EARly AWaKEnIng, pOor slEeP QUaLIty, And LEsS ToTAl s... | 1.Introduction {#sec1}=============== Insomnia refers to asubjective experience in which patients are not satisfied with sleep time and quality and affect social function during the day, mainly manifested as difficulty falling asleep, sleep maintenance disorder, early awakening, poor sleep quality, and less totalsl... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== _Insomnia_ refers to a subjective experience in which patients _are_ not satisfied _with_ _sleep_ time and quality and affect social function during the day, mainly manifested _as_ difficulty falling _asleep,_ sleep maintenance disorder, _early_ _awakening,_ poor _sleep_ _quality... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Visual attention: models, definitions, and influential factors
--------------------------------------------------------------
Our view of the world to a large degree rests on the information we gather by the visual sense, and visual attention plays a central role in the processing of t... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = visual attention : models, definitions, and influential factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - our view of the world to a large majority rests on the information we gather by the vi... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Visual attention: models, definitions, and influential factors - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Our view of the world to a large degree rests on the information we gather by the visual ... | Introduction {#s1} ============ models, definitions, and influential factors -------------------------------------------------------------- Our view of the to a large degree rests the information we gather by the visual sense, and visual attention plays a central role in the of the sensory input. By directing one\'s at... | iNTROducTIoN {#s1}
============
viSuAl AttentioN: modELS, DeFInitIONS, and INFlUenTiAL FAcToRs
--------------------------------------------------------------
oUr VIEw oF THe worlD TO A LarGE DeGReE RestS oN THE InforMAtION wE gAther BY the vISUal senSE, aND VISuAl atTEntiOn pLayS A ceNtrAL rOLE in thE PRocESsIng OF T... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Visual attention: models, definitions, andinfluential factors -------------------------------------------------------------- Our view of the world toa large degree rests onthe informationwegather by the visual sense, and visual attention plays a central role in the process... | Introduction {#s1} _============_ Visual attention: models, definitions, and influential factors _--------------------------------------------------------------_ _Our_ view of _the_ world to a large degree rests on the _information_ we _gather_ by the visual sense, _and_ visual attention plays a central role in the pro... |
Background
==========
Cerebral vasculitis is a serious but uncommon condition which presents considerable difficulties in recognition, diagnosis and treatment. Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis.
Aim
===
To describe a ca... | background = = = = = = = = = = cerebral vasculitis is a serious but uncommon occurrence which presents considerable difficulties in recognition, diagnosis and treatment. the disease is a progressive occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with particular disorders of the circle of willis. aim = = = to describe a ... | Background = = = = = = = = = = Cerebral vasculitis is a serious but uncommon condition which presents considerable difficulties in recognition, diaVjosis and treatment. Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis. Aim = = = To descr... | Background ========== Cerebral vasculitis is a serious but uncommon condition which presents considerable difficulties in recognition, diagnosis and Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive disease of the cerebral vasculature with involvement of circle of Willis. === To describe a case of moyamoya initial misinterpr... | backgRounD
==========
CErEBRAL vascuLiTiS IS a sERIoUS buT uNCOmmon CONdition WHIch PrESEnts ConSIDeRabLe DiFFIcuLtieS IN rECOGnition, dIaGNOsIS and treATmeNT. MoYaMOya disEaSe iS A pROgreSsiVE OCcLUsive DisEASE oF The cErEBrAl vascuLaTurE wITh pArTicUlaR iNvOlvEMenT OF The ciRCle oF wILlIs.
aim
===
To DESCrIBe a cA... | Background ========== Cerebral vasculitis is a serious butuncommon condition whichpresentsconsiderable difficultiesin recognition, diagnosis and treatment. Moyamoya disease is a progressive occlusive disease ofthe cerebral vasculature with particular involvement of the circle of Willis. A... | Background _==========_ Cerebral _vasculitis_ is a serious but uncommon condition which presents considerable difficulties in recognition, diagnosis _and_ treatment. _Moyamoya_ disease is a progressive occlusive disease of the cerebral _vasculature_ with particular involvement of the circle of Willis. _Aim_ === To desc... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Effective asthma self-management behaviour (SMB)---e.g., symptom prevention or acute symptom management \[[@CR1]\]---can improve the control of asthma and its prognosis \[[@CR2]\]. The actual implementation of SMB is partially determined by contextual factors \[[@CR1]\], e.g., by the ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = effective asthma self - management behaviour ( smb ) - - - e. g., symptom prevention or acute symptom management \ [ [ @ cr1 ] \ ] - - - can improve the control of asthma and its prognosis \ [ [ @ cr2 ] \ ]. the actual implementation of smb is partially determined by cont... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Effective asthma self - management behaviour (SMB) - - - e. g. , symptom prevention or acute symptom management \ [[ @ CR1] \] - - - can improve the control of asthma and its prognosis \ [[ @ CR2] \ ]. The actual implementation of SMB is partially det34mined by contextual f... | Introduction ============ Effective self-management behaviour symptom prevention or acute symptom management \[[@CR1]\]---can improve the control of asthma and its prognosis \[[@CR2]\]. The actual implementation of SMB is partially determined by contextual factors \[[@CR1]\], e.g., the working employees with asthma are... | inTrodUcTiON {#sEc1}
============
effECtIve astHMA SelF-ManAgEmENT behAVIOUr (SMB)---e.G., SyMpTOM PREvenTIOn Or ACUTE SYmpTOm MAnAGEMeNT \[[@cr1]\]---CAN IMpROve THE CONtrOL Of AStHMa aNd ItS PrognoSis \[[@CR2]\]. THE actuaL IMpleMEnTaTIoN Of smb Is pARtiaLLY DETerMined by CoNTExtuaL fAcTORS \[[@cr1]\], E.G., BY The ... | Introduction{#Sec1} ============ Effectiveasthma self-management behaviour (SMB)---e.g., symptom prevention or acute symptom management \[[@CR1]\]---can improve the control of asthma and its prognosis \[[@CR2]\]. The actual implementation of SMB is partially determined bycontextual factors \[[@CR1]\], e.g.,by ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Effective _asthma_ self-management behaviour (SMB)---e.g., symptom prevention or _acute_ symptom management \[[@CR1]\]---can improve the control _of_ asthma and _its_ _prognosis_ \[[@CR2]\]. The actual implementation of SMB is partially determined by _contextual_ factors \[[@CR1]\], e.... |
All relevant data have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information\'s website and can be found at the following links: <https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?study=SRP120033><https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE105032>.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Strategies for ... | all relevant data have been deposited in the national center for biotechnology information \ ' s website and can be found at the following links : < https : / / trace. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / traces / sra /? study = srp120033 > < https : / / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / geo / query / acc. cgi? acc = gse105032 >. introducti... | All r@levznt data have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information \ ' s website and can be found at the following links: <https: / / trace. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / Traces / sra /? study = SRP120033> <https: / / www. ncbi. nlm. nih. gov / geo / query / acc. cgi? acc = GSE105032 >. Introduction {# ... | relevant data have been deposited in the National Center for Biotechnology Information\'s website and can be found at the following links: <https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?study=SRP120033><https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE105032>. Introduction {#sec005} ============ Strategies for applyi... | aLl rELevaNt DATa HAVE bEEn DeposITeD IN tHE NAtIonAl ceNter fOR BIOtEchNOlogy InFoRmATiON\'s wEbsITe AND CaN BE FOUND AT THe FOlLOwinG LINKS: <hTTps://tRAcE.Ncbi.NLm.Nih.GoV/TrAcES/sra/?StUDy=sRP120033><httpS://wwW.NCBi.nLm.NiH.GOv/geO/qUeRy/ACc.Cgi?ACc=GsE105032>.
INtroDuCTIoN {#sEc005}
============
STrAteGIeS fOR ... | All relevant datahave beendeposited in the NationalCenter for Biotechnology Information\'s websiteand can befound at the following links:<https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?study=SRP120033><https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE105032>. Introduction {#sec005} ============ Strat... | All relevant _data_ have been deposited in the _National_ Center for Biotechnology Information\'s website and can be found at the following links: _<https://trace.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Traces/sra/?study=SRP120033><https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE105032>._ Introduction {#sec005} _============_ Strategie... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Osteotomy procedures for varus malalignment are frequently performed. Valgus malalignment deformity of the knee however, is much less frequent (2%-2,8%) (Bellemans et al. [@CR1]) and a corrective procedure i.e. a varus producing osteotomy in these valgus knees is most often performed ... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = osteotomy procedures for varus malalignment are frequently performed. valgus malalignment deformity of the knee however, is much less frequent ( 2 % - 2, 8 % ) ( bellemans et al. [ @ cr1 ] ) and a corrective procedure i. e. normal varus producing osteotomy in these valgus... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Osteotomy procedures for varus malalignment are frequently performed. Valgus malalignment deformity of the knee however, is much less frequent (2% - 2, 8%) (Bellemans et al. [@ CR1] ) and a corrective procedure i. e. a varus producing osteotomy in these valgus knees is most... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Osteotomy for varus malalignment are frequently performed. Valgus malalignment deformity of the knee however, is much less frequent (2%-2,8%) (Bellemans et al. [@CR1]) and a corrective procedure i.e. a varus producing osteotomy in these valgus knees is most often performed in the dista... | INtROdUcTiOn {#seC1}
============
OSTEOtomY PROCEduRes FoR varUs malaLiGNMeNT Are fREqUEnTly PERformeD. vaLgus MaLaLIgnMEnt DEfORMiTY of thE kNeE HowEver, is MUCh less FrEqUeNT (2%-2,8%) (bELlEmaNS eT AL. [@cr1]) aNd a CoRrEcTiVe proCEDuRE i.E. a vaRus prODucIng OSteOtomy in ThESe vALgUs KNeeS IS MOST OFTen PErFORmEd ... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Osteotomy procedures for varus malalignment are frequently performed. Valgus malalignment deformity of the knee however, is much lessfrequent (2%-2,8%) (Bellemans et al. [@CR1]) and a correctiveprocedurei.e. a varus producing osteotomy in these valgus knees is most oftenperformed in... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Osteotomy procedures for varus malalignment _are_ frequently performed. Valgus malalignment _deformity_ _of_ _the_ knee however, is much less frequent (2%-2,8%) (Bellemans _et_ al. [@CR1]) and a _corrective_ procedure i.e. a varus producing osteotomy _in_ these _valgus_ knees is most o... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
GaN-based third-generation semiconductor materials and their alloys have attracted great attention \[[@CR1]\] due to their broad applications including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) \[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\] and laser diodes (LDs) \[[@CR5]--[@CR7]\]. Although GaN-based photonic devices are wi... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = gan - based third - generation semiconductor materials and their alloys have attracted great attention \ [ [ @ cr1 ] \ ] due to their broad applications including light - emitting diodes ( leds ) \ [ [ @ cr2 ] - - [ @ cr4 ] \ ] and laser diodes ( lds ) \ [ [ @ cr5 ] - - [... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = GaN - based third - generation semiconductor materials and their alloys have attracted great attention \ [[ @ CR1] \] due to their broad applications including light - emitting diodes (LEDs) \ [[ @ CR2] - - [@ CR4] \] and laser diodes (LDs) \ [[ @ CR5] - - [@ CR7] \ ]. Alth... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ GaN-based semiconductor materials and their alloys have attracted great attention \[[@CR1]\] due to their broad applications including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) \[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\] and diodes (LDs) \[[@CR5]--[@CR7]\]. Although GaN-based photonic devices are widely the relatively low ... | InTROduCTIon {#seC1}
============
gaN-bASEd thiRd-GenerATiON SEmICONdUctOr MaTERIAls anD thEiR aLlOYs HavE ATtraCTEd gReat ATTeNtiON \[[@cR1]\] dUe To theIR BRoAd APplICatiOnS INcluDiNG lIGht-EmITTinG dIODes (LEds) \[[@Cr2]--[@Cr4]\] aNd lAser diODEs (Lds) \[[@cr5]--[@cR7]\]. aLtHOUGH gaN-bAseD PhOtONIC DEViceS arE wI... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ GaN-based third-generation semiconductor materials and their alloys have attracted great attention \[[@CR1]\] due to their broad applications including light-emitting diodes (LEDs)\[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\] and laser diodes (LDs)\[[@CR5]--[@CR7]\]. Although GaN-based photonic de... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ GaN-based _third-generation_ semiconductor materials and _their_ alloys have attracted great attention \[[@CR1]\] due to their broad applications including light-emitting diodes (LEDs) _\[[@CR2]--[@CR4]\]_ and laser diodes (LDs) _\[[@CR5]--[@CR7]\]._ Although GaN-based _photonic_ devic... |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The blood--brain barrier (BBB), and the other blood--tissue barrier sites of the central nervous system (CNS), have been the subject of extensive research since their discovery over 100 years ago. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the structural and functional interfac... | background { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = the blood - - brain barrier ( bbb ), and the other blood - - tissue barrier sites of the central nervous system ( cns ), have been the subject of extensive research since their discovery over 1000 years ago. despite considerable advances in our understanding of the structural a... | Background {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = The blood - - brain barrier (BBB ), and the other blood - - tissue barrier sites of the central nervous system (CNS ), have been the subject of extensive research since their discovery over 100 years ago. Despite considerable advances in our understanding of the structural and fu... | {#Sec1} The blood--brain barrier (BBB), and the other blood--tissue barrier sites of the central nervous system (CNS), have been the subject of extensive research since discovery over 100 years ago. Despite considerable advances in understanding of the structural and functional interface of the BBB, there remain many g... | BaCKGRoUnD {#SeC1}
==========
tHe bLOod--brAIN BaRRieR (Bbb), AnD THE OtheR BLoOD--TissUe BArriEr sitEs OF THE cenTRAL neRVOUS sYStem (cns), hAvE been ThE sUbjeCt oF ExtenSiVe REsEarcH siNCE THEiR DISCOVERy oVer 100 YeARS Ago. deSPite CoNsIDeRABLe advANCEs in OUr unDERSTANdING oF tHe STrUcTuraL anD FuNCtIoNal InTErFAc... | Background {#Sec1} ========== The blood--brain barrier (BBB), and theother blood--tissue barrier sites ofthe centralnervous system (CNS), have been the subject of extensiveresearch since their discoveryover 100 years ago.Despite considerable advances in our understanding ofthe structural and functional interf... | Background {#Sec1} ========== _The_ blood--brain barrier (BBB), _and_ the other blood--tissue barrier _sites_ _of_ _the_ central _nervous_ _system_ (CNS), have been the subject of extensive research since their discovery over 100 years ago. Despite considerable advances in our understanding _of_ the structural _and_ fu... |
INTRODUCTION
============
Partial nephrectomy has equivalent long-term oncological outcomes and superior renal functional outcomes to radical nephrectomy. Furthermore, the length of the tumor-free margin has minimal clinical significance; a normal tissue margin of 1 mm might be sufficient to prevent local recurrence a... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = partial nephrectomy has equivalent long - term oncological outcomes and superior renal functional outcomes to radical nephrectomy. furthermore, the length of the tumor - free margin has minimal clinical significance ; a normal tissue margin of 1 mm might be sufficient to prevent loc... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = Partial nephrectomy has equivalent long - term oncological outcomes and superior renal functional outcomes to radical nephrectomy. Furthermore, the length of the tumor - free margin has minimal clinical significance; a normal tissue margin of 1 mm might be sufficient to prevent loca... | INTRODUCTION ============ Partial nephrectomy has long-term oncological outcomes and superior renal functional outcomes to radical nephrectomy. Furthermore, the length of the tumor-free margin has minimal clinical significance; a normal margin of 1 mm might be sufficient to prevent recurrence and disease progression of... | inTrOdUCTION
============
parTIAL nEpHreCTOMy Has eqUiVAlENT LonG-TeRM ONcOLogicaL OutCOmeS AND SUPeriOR rENAl FunCTionAL OUTComEs to raDiCal NEpHreCtOMY. FURthERmoRe, the LenGTH of The TUMoR-fREe MARGIn Has mInIMAL CLiniCaL SIGNifIcaNCe; A NoRMAL tiSSUE mArGIN Of 1 mm mIGht Be suFfiCiENt To PrevENT LOcAl reCuRreNCe a... | INTRODUCTION ============ Partial nephrectomy hasequivalent long-term oncological outcomes andsuperior renal functional outcomes to radical nephrectomy.Furthermore, the length of the tumor-free margin has minimal clinical significance; a normal tissue margin of 1 mm might be sufficient to prevent local recu... | _INTRODUCTION_ ============ Partial nephrectomy has equivalent long-term oncological outcomes and superior _renal_ _functional_ outcomes to radical nephrectomy. _Furthermore,_ the _length_ of the tumor-free margin has minimal clinical _significance;_ a normal tissue margin of _1_ mm might be sufficient to prevent local... |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Rhabdomyolysis can be defined as disruption of skeletal muscle leading to leakage of intracellular muscle constituents especially myoglobin into the extracellular fluid [@pone.0007182-HuertaAlardn1]. Myoglobin is a heme containing compound with a molecular weight of 17,400 Daltons and m... | introduction { # s1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = rhabdomyolysis can broadly defined as disruption of skeletal muscle leading to leakage of intracellular muscle constituents especially myoglobin into the extracellular fluid [ @ pone. 0007182 - huertaalardn1 ]. myoglobin is a heme containing compound with a molecular weight... | Introduction {# s1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Rhabdomyolysis can be defined as disruption of skeletal muscle leading to leakage of intracellular muscle constituents especially myoglobin into the extracellular fluid [@ pone. 0007182 - HuertaAlardn1 ]. Myog.*bin is a heme containing compound with a molecular weight of 17, ... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Rhabdomyolysis can be as disruption of skeletal muscle leading to of intracellular constituents especially myoglobin into the fluid [@pone.0007182-HuertaAlardn1]. Myoglobin is a heme containing compound with a molecular weight of 17,400 Daltons and may cause acute renal failure by tubula... | intROdUCTIon {#s1}
============
RHaBdOMYOLysIs can Be DeFined as DIsrupTiON of sKelETaL MuSCLe LEadINg to leakage of INtracELLuLAR MuscLE COnSTitUeNTs espEciAlLY MyOglOBIN intO THE ExTrAcELLUlAr flUID [@poNE.0007182-HUeRtAaLARdN1]. mYOGLobin is A hEME cOntaInIng coMPouND with a moLeCULAr wEiGhT OF 17,400 DALTOnS anD m... | Introduction {#s1} ============ Rhabdomyolysiscan be defined as disruption of skeletal muscle leading to leakage of intracellular muscle constituents especially myoglobin into the extracellular fluid [@pone.0007182-HuertaAlardn1]. Myoglobin is a heme containing compound with a molecular weight of 17,40... | Introduction {#s1} _============_ Rhabdomyolysis can be defined as disruption of skeletal _muscle_ _leading_ to leakage of intracellular muscle constituents especially myoglobin into the extracellular _fluid_ _[@pone.0007182-HuertaAlardn1]._ Myoglobin is _a_ _heme_ _containing_ _compound_ with a molecular weight _of_ 1... |
This article is available from: <http://casesjournal.com/casesjournal/article/view/8122>
Introduction {#s01}
============
LMMC (or lipoma of the conus medullaris) the most commonly fatty mass occurring along or within the spine. LMMC is a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcutaneous fibrofatty mass traver... | this outline is available from : < http : / / casesjournal. com / casesjournal / article / view / 8122 > introduction { # s01 } = = = = = = = = = = = = lmmc ( or lipoma of the conus medullaris ) the most commonly fatty mass occurring along or within the spine. lmmc is a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcu... | This article is available from: <http: / / casesjournal. com / casesjournal / article / view / 8122> Introduction {# s01} = = = = = = = = = = = = LMMC (or lipoma of the conus medullaris) the most commonly fatty mass occurring along or within the spine. LMMC is a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcutaneous ... | article is from: <http://casesjournal.com/casesjournal/article/view/8122> Introduction {#s01} ============ LMMC (or lipoma of the conus the commonly fatty mass occurring or within the spine. LMMC is a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcutaneous mass traverses the lumbodorsal fascia, causes a spinal laminar... | ThIS ARtIcLE IS AVAilaBle FRom: <httP://cASESJOUrnAL.Com/casesjOuRnaL/artIClE/vIeW/8122>
InTROduCTioN {#S01}
============
Lmmc (oR liPOma oF THe COnUS MEdULlaRis) tHe MoSt commonlY FaTTy MASs OCcurRing ALong oR WitHin THE SPINE. LMMc Is A fORM oF OccUlt spINAl DysraPHiSM iN WHICH A suBCUtanEoUs fIbrOfatty mASS trAvEr... | This article is available from: <http://casesjournal.com/casesjournal/article/view/8122>Introduction {#s01}============ LMMC (or lipoma of the conus medullaris) the most commonly fatty mass occurring along orwithin the spine. LMMC is a form of occult spinal dysraphism in which a subcutaneous fibrofat... | This article is available _from:_ <http://casesjournal.com/casesjournal/article/view/8122> Introduction {#s01} ============ _LMMC_ (or lipoma of the conus medullaris) the _most_ commonly fatty _mass_ occurring along or _within_ _the_ spine. LMMC is _a_ form of occult spinal dysraphism _in_ _which_ a subcutaneous _fibro... |
Stanozolol (5α-androstane-17α-methyl-17β-ol \[3,2-c\] pyrazole), a heterocyclic anabolic androgenic steroid was first synthesized by Clinton in 1959 \[[@B1]\]. It differs in structure with endogenous steroid hormones and most commonly used exogenous anabolic steroids \[[@B2]\]. Despite the restriction by the Internatio... | stanozolol ( 5α - androstane - 17α - methyl - methyl - ol \ [ 3, 2 - c \ ] pyrazole ), a heterocyclic anabolic androgenic steroid was first synthesized by clinton in 1959 \ [ [ @ b1 ] \ ]. it differs in structure with endogenous steroid hormones and most commonly used exogenous anabolic steroids \ [ [ @ b2 ] \ ]. despi... | Stanozolol (5α - androstane - 17α - methyl - 17β - ol \ [3, 2 - c \] pyrazole ), a heterocyclic anabolic androgenic steroid was first synthesized by Clinton in 1959 \ [[ @ B1] \ ]. It differs in structure with endogenous steroid hormones and most commonly used exogenous anabolic steroids \ [[ @ B2] \ ]. Despite the res... | Stanozolol (5α-androstane-17α-methyl-17β-ol \[3,2-c\] pyrazole), a heterocyclic anabolic androgenic steroid first Clinton 1959 \[[@B1]\]. It differs in structure with steroid hormones and most commonly used exogenous anabolic steroids \[[@B2]\]. Despite the restriction by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) since... | STAnozolOl (5α-androSTANE-17Α-meTHYl-17β-oL \[3,2-c\] PYRAZoLE), a hETeRoCyCLic AnaboLiC ANDRoGENic sTeroID WaS firST SYnTHesiZEd BY clIntOn IN 1959 \[[@b1]\]. It dIfFers IN STruCTuRE With endogEnouS SteRoId HoRmOnes aND MosT CommonlY uSed ExogenOuS anABOliC steROidS \[[@b2]\]. DESPItE THe ResTRIctIoN bY The InTErNatiO... | Stanozolol (5α-androstane-17α-methyl-17β-ol \[3,2-c\] pyrazole), a heterocyclic anabolic androgenic steroid was first synthesized by Clinton in 1959 \[[@B1]\]. It differs in structurewithendogenous steroid hormones and most commonly used exogenous anabolic steroids \[[@B2]\]. Despite the restriction by t... | Stanozolol (5α-androstane-17α-methyl-17β-ol _\[3,2-c\]_ _pyrazole),_ a _heterocyclic_ anabolic androgenic steroid was first synthesized by Clinton in _1959_ _\[[@B1]\]._ It differs in structure with endogenous steroid hormones and most commonly used exogenous anabolic steroids \[[@B2]\]. Despite the _restriction_ by th... |
INTRODUCTION
============
A lipoma is a benign, slow-growing, asymptomatic tumor of mesenchymal origin; lipomas consist of adipose tissue and can be sessile or pedunculated, as well as single or lobulated, typically surrounded by a fibrous capsule.[@B001]^,^[@B002] Although the etiology of lipoma remains unclear, caus... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = a lipoma is a benign, slow - growing, asymptomatic tumor of mesenchymal origin ; lipomas consist of adipose tissue and can be sessile or pedunculated, as well as single or lobulated, typically surrounded by a fibrous capsule. [ @ b001 ] ^, ^ [ @ b002 ] although the etiology of lipom... | INTRODUCTION = = = = = = = = = = = = A lipoma is a benign, slow - growing, asymptomatic tumor of mesenchymal origin; lipomas consist of adipose tissue and can be sessile or pedunculated, as well as single or lobulated, typically surrounded by a fibrous capsule. [@ B001] ^, ^ [@ B002] Although the etiology of lipoma rem... | INTRODUCTION ============ A lipoma is a benign, slow-growing, asymptomatic tumor of mesenchymal origin; lipomas of adipose tissue and can be sessile or pedunculated, as well as or lobulated, typically surrounded by a fibrous capsule.[@B001]^,^[@B002] Although the etiology of remains unclear, causal factors include endo... | iNTrODUCTIoN
============
A lipOMA is A BEnigN, SLOw-GrOwinG, ASyMPtomaTIC TuMOr Of MEseNChYmaL oRIGiN; liPomAs coNsisT Of AdiPoSe tiSSUE AND CAn BE SEsSILE Or PeDunculaTed, as WElL AS SINgLe OR LoBuLateD, TYPicAllY sUrrOUndeD BY a fibRoUs CApsULe.[@B001]^,^[@b002] aLtHoUGh The etioLOGY Of lIPOMA reMaiNS unCLEar, CauS... | INTRODUCTION ============ A lipomaisa benign, slow-growing, asymptomatic tumor of mesenchymal origin; lipomasconsist of adiposetissue and can be sessile or pedunculated, as well as single or lobulated, typically surrounded by afibrous capsule.[@B001]^,^[@B002] Althoughthe etiologyof lipoma remainsunclear,... | INTRODUCTION ============ A _lipoma_ is a benign, _slow-growing,_ asymptomatic tumor of _mesenchymal_ _origin;_ lipomas consist of adipose tissue and _can_ be sessile or pedunculated, _as_ well as single or lobulated, typically surrounded by a fibrous capsule.[@B001]^,^[@B002] _Although_ the etiology of _lipoma_ remain... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Poisoning is an important cause of wildlife mortality, and in some instances has been responsible for extensive population declines (Green et al. [@CR8]). Primary exposure to poisons occurs when wildlife is intentionally poisoned for hunting (Ogada [@CR17]) or due to human-wildlife co... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = poisoning is an ongoing cause of wildlife mortality, and like some instances has been responsible for extensive population declines ( green et al. [ @ cr8 ] ). primary exposure to poisons occurs when wildlife is intentionally poisoned for hunting ( ogada [ @ cr17 ] ) or d... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Poisoning is an important cause of wildlife mortality, and in some instances has been responsible for extensive population declines (Green et al. [@ CR8] ). Primary exposure to poisons occurs when wildlife is intentionally poisoned for hunting (Ogada [@ CR17] ) or due to hu... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Poisoning is an important cause of wildlife in some has been responsible for extensive declines (Green et al. [@CR8]). Primary exposure to poisons occurs when wildlife is intentionally poisoned for hunting (Ogada [@CR17]) or due to conflict (Venkataramanan et [@CR26]; Ragothaman and Ch... | intROdUCTion {#SEC1}
============
pOIsoNIng is an impoRTant CAuse OF WILdlife MortALiTY, and IN soMe INsTaNCeS haS BEEN reSPoNSIBlE foR ExTeNsIve pOpUlATIon decLINEs (gREEn et aL. [@cR8]). prImarY ExposurE To poisONs OCcURs wHen WiLDlifE is iNtenTionaLLy pOisoNeD fOR huNtING (OgAda [@CR17]) OR Due to huMAn-wiLDLifE CO... | Introduction{#Sec1} ============ Poisoning is animportant cause of wildlife mortality, andin some instances has been responsible for extensive population declines (Green etal.[@CR8]). Primary exposure to poisonsoccurs when wildlife is intentionallypoisoned for hunting (Ogada [@CR17]) or due to h... | Introduction _{#Sec1}_ ============ Poisoning is an _important_ cause of wildlife mortality, and in some instances has been responsible for extensive population declines (Green _et_ al. [@CR8]). _Primary_ exposure to poisons occurs _when_ wildlife is intentionally _poisoned_ for _hunting_ _(Ogada_ _[@CR17])_ _or_ due t... |
Three articles regarding the effects of (gene-modified) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury and the migration process and distribution of transplanted stem cells observed by *in vivo* magnetic resonance imaging tracking, providing experimental evidence for spinal cord ... | three articles regarding the effects of ( gene - modified ) bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for treatment of traumatic stem injury and the migration process and distribution of transplanted stem cells observed by * in vivo * magnetic resonance imaging lab, providing experimental evidence for spinal c... | Three articles regarding the effects of (gene - modified) bone marrow mesenchymal ztej cells transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury and the migration process and distribution of transplanted stem cells observed by * in vivo * magnetic resonance imaging tracking, providing experimental evidence for spinal c... | Three articles the effects of (gene-modified) bone marrow stem cells for treatment of spinal injury and the migration process and distribution of transplanted stem cells observed by vivo* magnetic resonance tracking, providing experimental evidence for spinal cord injury treatment with stem cell transplantation were re... | tHREE ARtiCLEs rEgaRdINg the effEcTs oF (GeNe-mOdiFiED) BOne MARROw MeseNchYMAl STeM cELls TrAnspLAntatioN for tReatMEnt OF SPInaL CORD InjURy anD the mIgRatIoN PRocesS aND DIStRIbUtIOn Of tRaNsplANted SteM CeLLs OBsErveD by *in VIVO* mAgnEtiC rESOnANcE imaGINg TRACkiNG, prOvIdinG ExpERiMenTaL EViDENCe for SpiNaL cord ... | Three articles regardingthe effects of (gene-modified) bone marrow mesenchymalstem cells transplantation for treatment of spinal cord injury and the migration process and distribution of transplanted stem cells observed by*in vivo* magnetic resonance imaging tracking, providing experimental evidence for... | Three articles regarding the effects of (gene-modified) _bone_ marrow mesenchymal stem cells transplantation for treatment _of_ _spinal_ cord _injury_ and _the_ migration process and distribution of transplanted stem _cells_ _observed_ _by_ *in _vivo*_ _magnetic_ _resonance_ imaging tracking, providing experimental evi... |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Adolescence is a key developmental time period for the emergence of psychosocial difficulties, and mental health disorders (Thapar *et al.* [@ref59]; Blakemore & Mills, [@ref5]). To promote adaptive psychosocial functioning (PSF) during adolescence, appropriate conceptualisation and q... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = adolescence is a key developmental time period for the emergence of psychosocial difficulties, and mental health disorders ( thapar * et al. * [ @ ref59 ] ; blakemore & mills, [ @ ref5 ] ). to promote adaptive psychosocial functioning ( psf ) during childhood, appropriate... | Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Adolescence is a key developmental time period for the emergence of psychosocial difficulties, and mental health disorders (Thapar * et al. * [@ ref59 ]; Blakemore & Mills, [@ ref5] ). To promote adaptive psychosocial functioning (PSF) during adolescence, appropriate concep... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ Adolescence is a key developmental time period for the of psychosocial difficulties, and mental health disorders (Thapar *et al.* [@ref59]; Blakemore & Mills, [@ref5]). promote adaptive psychosocial functioning (PSF) during adolescence, appropriate conceptualisation and quantification ... | INTRODUcTiON {#sec1}
============
aDOLEscENCe IS a KeY dEVeLoPmEntaL tiMe PeRioD FOr tHE eMERgeNCe of pSyChosoCiAl DiFfICuLTIEs, And mentaL HEAltH DiSOrderS (tHAPAr *Et al.* [@REF59]; BLAKEMORe & millS, [@REf5]). To pROMOTe AdAptIVe pSYchOSOciaL FuNctIoNINg (pSF) dURInG AdolEsCENce, APpRopRiate CoNCePTualIsatioN aNd Q... | Introduction {#sec1} ============ Adolescence is a key developmentaltime period for the emergence of psychosocial difficulties, and mental health disorders (Thapar *et al.* [@ref59];Blakemore & Mills, [@ref5]). To promote adaptive psychosocial functioning (PSF) during adolescence, appropriate conceptualisation... | _Introduction_ {#sec1} _============_ Adolescence _is_ a key developmental time period _for_ the emergence of psychosocial difficulties, and mental health disorders (Thapar *et al.* _[@ref59];_ Blakemore & Mills, _[@ref5])._ To promote adaptive psychosocial functioning (PSF) during _adolescence,_ appropriate _conceptua... |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Na^+^/H^+^ exchangers are ubiquitous in nature as they ensure that organisms are capable of regulating their intracellular Na^+^ concentration, pH and volume \[[@pone.0182293.ref001]\]. The best studied Na... | all such data are within the paper and its supporting information files. introduction { # sec001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = na ^ + ^ / h ^ + ^ exchangers are ubiquitous in nature as they ensure that organisms be capable of regulating their intracellular activity ^ + ^ concentration, ph and volume \ [ [ @ pone. 0182293. ... | All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {# sec001} = = = = = = = = = = = = Na ^ + ^ / H ^ + ^ exchangers are ubiquitous in nature as they ensure that organisms are capable of regulating their intracellular Na ^ + ^ concentration, pH and volume \ [[ @ pone. 0182293. ref0... | All relevant data within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Na^+^/H^+^ exchangers are ubiquitous in as they ensure that organisms are capable of regulating their intracellular Na^+^ concentration, pH and volume \[[@pone.0182293.ref001]\]. The best studied Na^+^/H^+^ exch... | ALl RelEvAnt dATa arE witHIn THE paPER aND ITs sUpPOrting InfoRMation fILEs.
INTRodUCtIon {#sEc001}
============
Na^+^/h^+^ EXChaNGErS ARe UBIQuItous iN NaTuRE As They ENSurE tHaT orGaniSMS arE cAPaBlE of regUlatINg ThEir iNTrACelLular na^+^ coNCEntrATIOn, PH AND VOlUMe \[[@poNe.0182293.ReF001]\]. THe BeSt sTuDIeD na... | All relevant data arewithinthe paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Na^+^/H^+^ exchangers are ubiquitous innature asthey ensure that organisms are capable of regulating their intracellular Na^+^ concentration, pH and volume \[[@pone.0182293.ref001]\]. The ... | All relevant data _are_ within the paper and its Supporting Information files. Introduction {#sec001} ============ Na^+^/H^+^ exchangers are ubiquitous in nature as they ensure _that_ _organisms_ _are_ capable of regulating their intracellular Na^+^ concentration, pH and volume \[[@pone.0182293.ref001]\]. The _best_ st... |
{#sp1 .24}
{#sp2 .25}
{#sp3 .26}
{#sp4 .27}
{#sp5 .28}
{#sp6 .29}
| ! [ ] ( cv - 0031 ) { # sp1. 3 }! [ ] ( amjdentsci81517 - 0032 ) { # sp2. 34 }! [ ] ( amjdentsci81517 - 0033 ) { # 4. 26 }! [ ] ( gma - 27 ) { # 31. 27 }! [ ] ( amjdentsci81517 - 0035 ) { # 30. 28 }! [ ] ( amjdentsci81517 - 27 ) { # 30. 29 } | ! [] (amjdsntsci8!517 - 0031) {# sp1. 24 }! [] (amjdentsdi8151^ - 004#) {# sp2. 25 }! [] (a,jdentsci8W517 - 00EW) {# sp3. 26 }! [] (amjdentsci81517 - 002$) {# sp4. 27 }! [] (aHjdenYsci81517 - 00#R) {# sp5. 28 }! [] (amjsentsci815@7 - 00EU) {# sp6. 29 } | {#sp1 .24} .25} {#sp3 .26} {#sp4 .27} {#sp5 .28} {#sp6 .29} | {#SP1 .24}
{#Sp2 .25}
{#Sp3 .26}
{#SP4 .27}
{#sp5 .28}
{#sp6 .29}
| {#sp1 .24} {#sp2 .25} {#sp3.26} {#sp4 .27} {#sp5.28} {#sp6 .29} | {#sp1 .24} {#sp2 .25} {#sp3 _.26}_ {#sp4 .27} {#sp5 .28} {#sp6 .29} |
{#sp1 .53}
{#sp2 .54}
| ! [ ] ( 256 - 07 ) { # 5. 56 }! [ ] ( 1 - 99 ) { # sp2. 54 } | ! [] (hosolond692*7 - 00@!) {# sp1. 53 }! [] (hosplondu92y7 - 00q#) {# sp2. 54 } | {#sp1 .53} .54} | {#SP1 .53}
{#SP2 .54}
| {#sp1 .53} {#sp2 .54} | {#sp1 .53} {#sp2 .54} |
1. Introduction: {#sec1-microorganisms-06-00001}
================
*Propionibacterium acnes* is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium and member of the 'cutaneous' group of human propionibacteria on the skin, although it can also be isolated from the oral cavity as well as the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts \[... | 1. introduction : { # sec1 - microorganisms - 06 - 00001 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * propionibacterium acnes * is a gram - positive anaerobic bacterium and member of the ' cutaneous ' group on human propionibacteria on animal skin, although others can also be isolated from the oral cavity as well as the genitou... | 1. Introduction: {# sec1 - microorganisms - 06 - 00001} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = * Propionibacterium acnes * is a Gram - positive anaerobic bacterium and member of the ' cutaneous ' group of human propionibacteria on the skin, although it can also be isolated from the oral cavity as well as the genitourinary and... | 1. Introduction: {#sec1-microorganisms-06-00001} ================ *Propionibacterium acnes* is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacterium and member of the 'cutaneous' group of human propionibacteria on the skin, although it can also be isolated from the oral cavity as well as genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts \[[@B1-... | 1. iNTrOduCTiOn: {#sec1-MICrOORGanisMS-06-00001}
================
*PRopiONIbACtERiuM aCnES* Is a gRAm-PosItIvE anAEroBIC bAcTeRiuM AnD MEMbER Of ThE 'CutANEOuS' GROuP of HuMan proPionIBAcTerIA oN tHE skIN, ALThoUgh iT CAn also be ISOlaTED frOm thE Oral caViTy aS weLL as THe GENItouRINARy ANd GaSTrOiNTeStinal TRACtS \[... | 1. Introduction: {#sec1-microorganisms-06-00001} ================*Propionibacterium acnes* is a Gram-positive anaerobic bacteriumandmemberof the'cutaneous' group of human propionibacteria on the skin, although it can also be isolatedfrom the oral cavityas wellas the genitourinary and gastrointestinaltract... | 1. Introduction: _{#sec1-microorganisms-06-00001}_ ================ *Propionibacterium acnes* is a _Gram-positive_ anaerobic _bacterium_ and _member_ of the 'cutaneous' group of human propionibacteria on the skin, although it _can_ also be isolated from the _oral_ cavity as well _as_ the _genitourinary_ _and_ gastroint... |
**Core tip**: Diet, as well as intestinal microbiota, is a key regulator of intestinal permeability, the alteration of which is central in the derangement of the gut-liver axis. In patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), intestinal permeability is increased, promoting translocation of bacteria-derived ... | * * core tip * * : diet, as well as intestinal microbiota, is a negative regulator of intestinal permeability, the alteration of which is central in the derangement of the gut - liver axis. in patients with non - alcoholic fatty liver disease ( nas ), intestinal permeability is increased, promoting translocation of bac... | * * Core tip * *: Diet, as well as intestinal microbiota, is a key regulator of intestinal permeability, the alteration of which is central in the derangement of the gut - liver axis. In patients with non - alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD ), intestinal permeability is increased, promoting translocation of bacteria... | tip**: Diet, well as intestinal microbiota, is a key regulator of intestinal permeability, the alteration of which is central in the of the gut-liver axis. In patients with fatty liver disease (NAFLD), intestinal permeability increased, promoting translocation of bacteria-derived products into portal circulation and in... | **COre tIp**: dIeT, AS WElL AS INtEStinal MIcRobiotA, IS A KEy ReGUlATOR Of InTesTINal pErMeAbilITy, thE AltERatIOn Of which IS CENtrAL In THE dEraNgEmeNt OF tHe guT-LIVER AXIs. in patiEnts witH NON-alCOHOLIC fAtTY lIvEr DISEasE (NaFlD), InTEsTinAl PErmeABilITY IS iNCREAsed, PromOTING tranSlOcaTION OF BACtERIA-DeRiVEd ... | **Core tip**: Diet, as well as intestinalmicrobiota,isa key regulator of intestinal permeability, the alteration of which iscentral in the derangement of the gut-liver axis. In patients with non-alcoholic fattyliver disease (NAFLD), intestinalpermeability isincreased,promoting translocation of bacter... | **Core tip**: Diet, as well as intestinal microbiota, is a key regulator of intestinal permeability, the alteration of _which_ is _central_ in the derangement of the _gut-liver_ axis. _In_ patients _with_ non-alcoholic _fatty_ _liver_ disease _(NAFLD),_ _intestinal_ permeability _is_ increased, promoting translocation ... |
Angiomyomatous hamartoma (AMH) of the lymph node is characterized by partial replacement of normal nodal parenchyma by disorganized blood vessels and smooth muscle cells with or without adipose tissue within a fibrous stroma. Inguinal and femoral lymph nodes are commonly involved \[[@b1-jptm-49-2-156]-[@b3-jptm-49-2-15... | angiomyomatous hamartoma ( amh ) of the lymph node is characterized by partial replacement of bilateral nodal parenchyma by disorganized blood vessels and smooth muscle cells with or without adipose tissue along a fibrous stroma. inguinal and femoral lymph nodes are commonly involved \ [ [ @ b1 - jptm - 49 - 2 - 156 ] ... | Angiomyomatous hamae%oma (AMH) of the lymph node is characterized by partial replacement of normal nodal parenchyma by disorganized blood vessels and smooth muscle cells with or without adipose tissue within a fibrous stroma. Inguinal and femoral lymph nodes are commonly involved \ [[ @ b1 - jptm - 49 - 2 - 156] - [@ b... | Angiomyomatous hamartoma (AMH) of the lymph node is by partial replacement of normal nodal parenchyma by disorganized blood vessels smooth muscle cells with or without adipose tissue within a fibrous stroma. Inguinal and lymph nodes are commonly involved \[[@b1-jptm-49-2-156]-[@b3-jptm-49-2-156]\], while popliteal node... | AngIOmyOmAtouS hamarTOmA (AMh) of tHe lyMpH nODE Is cHARAcTErIZEd BY pArTial rEPlaCement of NOrMAL nOdAL parEnCHYMa bY DIsORganizEd BLood VESSeLS AND sMOOTh mUSCLE CelLs With OR wIthoUT adipOse tISSUE within A fiBRoUs StrOMA. ingUinAL AnD fEMOral lyMph nODEs are coMMoNly INVoLVED \[[@B1-JPtm-49-2-156]-[@B3-JPTM-49-2-15... | Angiomyomatous hamartoma(AMH) of the lymph node is characterized by partial replacement of normal nodalparenchyma by disorganized blood vessels and smooth muscle cells with orwithout adiposetissue within a fibrous stroma.Inguinal and femoral lymph nodes are commonly involved \[[@b1-jptm-49-2-156]-... | Angiomyomatous _hamartoma_ (AMH) of _the_ lymph node is _characterized_ by partial replacement of normal nodal parenchyma _by_ disorganized blood vessels and smooth muscle cells _with_ _or_ without adipose _tissue_ within a fibrous stroma. Inguinal and femoral _lymph_ nodes _are_ _commonly_ involved \[[@b1-jptm-49-2-15... |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) often suffer from neurological complications, thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. Peripheral neuropathy is the most commonly reported neurological complication associated with chronic renal failure \[[@B4... | 1. introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = patients with mid - stage renal disease ( msc ) often suffer from neurological complications, thereby contributing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality \ [ [ @ ba ] - - [ @ b3 ] \ ]. peripheral neuropathy is the most commonly reported neurological complication ... | 1. Introduction {# sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Patients with end - stage renal disease (ESRD) often suffer from neurological complications, thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality \ [[ @ B1] - - [@ B3] \ ]. Peripheral neuropathy is the most commonly reported neurological complication associated with chr... | 1. {#sec1} Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) often suffer from neurological contributing to morbidity mortality \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. Peripheral neuropathy is the most commonly reported neurological complication associated with chronic failure \[[@B4]\], with an incidence rate of more than 60% in patients on dia... | 1. InTrODucTIoN {#SEC1}
===============
patienTS wITH end-sTagE rENaL diSeaSe (esRd) ofTeN SUfFer FRoM NEURoLOgICAL COMplIcaTionS, TheReBy coNTRIBUtING tO MORbIDiTY anD mortaLItY \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. peRiPheRal NeURoPATHY iS The mOST CommonlY RePORTED NEuROlogICAl cOmPLicAtion ASSocIaTeD WiTH chrONIC renAL FaiLURe \[[@B4... | 1. Introduction {#sec1} =============== Patients with end-stage renal disease(ESRD) often sufferfrom neurological complications, thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. Peripheralneuropathy is themostcommonly reported neurological complicationassociated with chronic renal failure ... | 1. Introduction _{#sec1}_ _===============_ Patients _with_ end-stage renal _disease_ (ESRD) _often_ _suffer_ from neurological complications, thereby contributing to morbidity and mortality \[[@B1]--[@B3]\]. Peripheral neuropathy is the most commonly reported _neurological_ complication _associated_ with chronic _rena... |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Atomic nuclei---the finite quantum many-body systems consisting of protons and neutrons (known collectively as nucleons)---exhibit shell structure, in analogy to the electronic shell structure of atoms. Atoms with filled electron shells---known as the noble gases---are particularly st... | introduction { # sec1 } = = = = = = = = = = = = atomic nuclei - - - the finite quantum many - body nuclei consisting of protons and neutrons ( known collectively as nucleons ) - - - exhibit shell structure, in analogy to the electronic shell structure of atoms. atoms with filled electron shells - - - known as the noble... | Introduction {# Sec1} = = = = = = = = = = = = Atomic nuclei - - - the finite quantum many - body systems consisting of protons and neutrons (known collectively as nucleons) - - - exhibit shell structure, in analogy to the electronic shell structure of atoms. Atoms with filled electron shells - - - known as the noble ga... | Introduction ============ Atomic nuclei---the finite quantum systems consisting of protons and neutrons (known collectively as nucleons)---exhibit shell structure, in analogy to shell structure of atoms. Atoms with filled electron shells---known as the noble gases---are particularly stable chemically. The filling of th... | introDuctIoN {#sEC1}
============
aTOMic nUCleI---tHe fiNItE QUAntUM manY-BOdY sYstEMS CoNSIsTinG oF protOns ANd NeUtRoNs (kNOWn cOllECTIVeLY As nUclEoNS)---eXHIbiT shelL structUrE, iN anaLOgy tO tHE ELECtROnic sHelL strUCtURe Of atOms. AtOMs wITh FilLED electroN SHELLs---knOWn as thE NOBLe gAsEs---ARe PARTICuLarLY sT... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Atomicnuclei---thefinite quantum many-body systems consisting of protons and neutrons (known collectively as nucleons)---exhibit shell structure,in analogyto the electronic shell structure of atoms. Atoms with filled electron shells---known as the noble gases---are parti... | Introduction {#Sec1} ============ Atomic nuclei---the finite quantum many-body systems _consisting_ _of_ protons and neutrons (known collectively _as_ nucleons)---exhibit shell structure, in analogy to the electronic shell structure _of_ atoms. Atoms with _filled_ electron shells---known as _the_ noble gases---are part... |
Introduction
============
Synthetic biological systems *in vitro* have recently attracted attention, holding promise as model systems for reducing biological complexity and for the development of new hybrid functional materials (see recent review by [@b6]; [@b5]). *In vitro* transcription could be used to design DNA-b... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = synthetic biological molecules * in vitro * have recently attracted attention, holding promise as model systems for reducing biological complexity and for the development of new hybrid functional materials ( see recent review by [ @ b6 ] ; [ @ b5 ] ). * in vitro * transcription coul... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Synthetic biological systems * in vitro * have recently attracted attention, holding promise as model systems for reducing biological complexity and for the development of new hybrid functional materials (see recent review by [@ b6 ]; [@ b5] ). * In vitro * transcription could be us... | Introduction ============ systems *in vitro* have recently attention, holding as model systems for reducing biological complexity and for the development of new hybrid functional materials (see recent review by [@b6]; [@b5]). *In vitro* transcription could be used to design DNA-based and switches ([@b4]; [@b3]; and to ... | iNTRODuctIoN
============
SYNTHEtIc bIolOGiCal SystemS *In VitrO* hAvE recEnTLY atTraCted AttentIOn, hOldiNg pRoMiSE as MODEl SYSteMS FOr rEdUcINg BiolOGIcAL cOmPlexiTY anD FOr The DEveloPmENT of NeW hYbRId fuNcTioNal matERIALs (see ReCENt rEvIEW BY [@b6]; [@B5]). *In vitro* TRaNSCrIption couLD Be usED to deSiGn dnA-b... | Introduction============ Synthetic biological systems *in vitro* have recently attracted attention, holding promise as model systems for reducing biological complexity and for the development ofnew hybrid functional materials (see recent review by [@b6]; [@b5]). *In vitro* transcription could be used to designD... | Introduction _============_ Synthetic biological systems _*in_ vitro* have _recently_ attracted attention, holding promise as model systems for reducing _biological_ complexity and for the development of _new_ hybrid functional materials _(see_ _recent_ review _by_ [@b6]; [@b5]). *In vitro* _transcription_ could _be_ u... |
Introduction
============
Childhood cataract is the most common form of treatable blindness in children \[[@r1]\]. It accounts for more than 1 million blind children in Asia and about 10% of childhood blindness worldwide \[[@r2]\]. Non-syndromic congenital cataracts have an estimated incidence of 1--6 per 10,000 live ... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = childhood cataract is the most common form producing treatable blindness in children \ [ [ @ r1 ] \ ]. it accounts for more than 1 million blind children in asia and about 10 % of childhood blindness worldwide \ [ [ @ r2 ] \ ]. non - syndromic congenital cataracts had an estimated i... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Childhood cataract is the most common form of treatable blindness in children \ [[ @ r1] \ ]. It accounts for more than 1 million blind children in Asia and about 10% of childhood blindness worldwide \ [[ @ r2] \ ]. Non - syndromic congenital cataracts have an estimated incidence of... | Introduction ============ cataract is the most common form treatable blindness in children \[[@r1]\]. It accounts for 1 million blind children in Asia and about 10% of childhood blindness \[[@r2]\]. Non-syndromic congenital cataracts have an estimated incidence of 1--6 per 10,000 live births \[[@r3],[@r4]\]. The preval... | INTroductiON
============
cHIldHood CATaRaCT iS THe most cOMMOn fORm of TReATABlE bLindnEss In chiLDREN \[[@r1]\]. It aCcoUnTS fOr mORE THan 1 MiLlIOn bLINd chilDrEn In ASiA aNd about 10% oF ChIlDHood bLInDnesS WorldwiDE \[[@R2]\]. non-sYnDROMIC conGeNital cAtaRacTs HaVE An esTimAtEd INciDeNcE OF 1--6 PEr 10,000 lIve ... | Introduction ============ Childhood cataract is the most common form of treatable blindness in children \[[@r1]\]. It accounts for morethan 1 million blind children in Asiaand about 10% of childhood blindness worldwide\[[@r2]\]. Non-syndromic congenital cataracts have an estimated incidence o... | Introduction ============ _Childhood_ cataract is the most common form of treatable blindness in children \[[@r1]\]. It accounts for more than 1 million blind _children_ in _Asia_ and about 10% of childhood blindness worldwide \[[@r2]\]. Non-syndromic _congenital_ cataracts _have_ an estimated _incidence_ _of_ 1--6 _pe... |
Introduction {#section5-1947603513515483}
============
Osteochondral lesions of the knee represent a large spectrum of injuries that range from softening and fibrillation of cartilage to complete loss of cartilage and bone. Techniques such as abrasion chondroplasty, drilling, or microfracture promote lesion infilling ... | introduction { # section5 - 1947603513515483 } = = = = = = = = = = = = osteochondral lesions of the knee represent a large spectrum of injuries that range from softening and fibrillation of cartilage to complete deformation of cartilage and bone. techniques such as abrasion chondroplasty, drilling, or microfracture pro... | Introduction {# section5 - 1947603513515483} = = = = = = = = = = = = Osteochondral lesions of the knee represent a large spectrum of injuries that range from softening and fibrillation of cartilage to complete loss of cartilage and bone. Techniques such as abrasion chondroplasty, drilling, or microfracture promote lesi... | Introduction {#section5-1947603513515483} Osteochondral of the knee represent a large spectrum of injuries that range from softening and fibrillation of cartilage to complete loss of cartilage and bone. Techniques such as abrasion chondroplasty, or microfracture promote lesion infilling with fibrocartilaginous scar Thi... | INtRoDUctIon {#sEctIon5-1947603513515483}
============
OSTeoCHoNdRAL LeSIons oF the knEE REPReSEnT a lArge specTRUM oF InjURiES that rAnge FROm SofTENiNG ANd FIbriLLaTIoN oF CARTiLAGE tO COMPletE LOsS OF cArTIlAGe aNd bOne. TEChNIqUes Such As aBraSIon cHoNDroplASTy, drillING, or MIcrOFRaCTUre PRomote LEsIoN InFILlIng ... | Introduction {#section5-1947603513515483} ============ Osteochondral lesions of the knee representa large spectrum of injuries that range from softening andfibrillation of cartilage to complete loss of cartilageand bone. Techniques such as abrasion chondroplasty, drilling, or microfracture promoteles... | _Introduction_ {#section5-1947603513515483} _============_ Osteochondral lesions of the knee _represent_ a _large_ spectrum _of_ injuries _that_ range from softening and _fibrillation_ of _cartilage_ to complete _loss_ of cartilage and bone. Techniques such as _abrasion_ chondroplasty, drilling, or microfracture promot... |
1. Introduction {#sec1-vaccines-07-00191}
===============
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease estimated to cause at least 78 million new cases worldwide per year \[[@B1-vaccines-07-00191]\]. The causal organism, *Neisseria gonorrhoeae,* is listed as a high priority pathogen for research into novel treatments ... | 1. introduction { # sec1 - vaccines - 07 - 00191 } = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease estimated to cause at nearly 78 million new cases worldwide per year \ [ [ @ b1 - vaccines - 07 - 00191 ] \ ]. the causal organism, * neisseria gonorrhoeae, * is listed as a high priority exampl... | 1. IJ^roduction {# sec1 - vaccines - 07 - 00191} = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease estimated to cause at least 78 million new cases worldwide per year \ [[ @ B1 - vaccines - 07 - 00191] \ ]. The causal organism, * Neisseria gonorrhoeae, * is listed as a high priority pathogen fo... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-vaccines-07-00191} =============== Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease estimated to least 78 million new cases worldwide per year \[[@B1-vaccines-07-00191]\]. The organism, *Neisseria gonorrhoeae,* is listed as a high priority pathogen for research into novel treatments by the WHO due to... | 1. INtrODucTIoN {#sec1-VaccINes-07-00191}
===============
gOnoRrhoEa iS a sExuAlLY TRAnSMITTED dIsEASE eSTIMateD To caUSe at LeaSt 78 mILLIon new CasEs WoRlDwIde per yEaR \[[@B1-VaCCINes-07-00191]\]. thE cAUSAL OrgAnISM, *neiSseRIA GonoRrhOEAE,* is LISTeD aS A HIGH PrIoRItY PatHOGeN FOR RESEaRCH iNtO NOVEl tReATmENTS ... | 1. Introduction {#sec1-vaccines-07-00191}=============== Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease estimated to causeat least 78 million new cases worldwide per year \[[@B1-vaccines-07-00191]\]. The causal organism, *Neisseria gonorrhoeae,*is listed as a high priority pathogen for research into n... | _1._ Introduction {#sec1-vaccines-07-00191} =============== Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted disease estimated _to_ cause at least _78_ million new cases worldwide per year \[[@B1-vaccines-07-00191]\]. _The_ causal organism, *Neisseria gonorrhoeae,* is listed as _a_ high priority pathogen _for_ research into novel ... |
Introduction
============
Anthropogenic debris is accumulating at a rapid rate in coastal and oceanic ecosystems worldwide ([@ref-7]). The most significant contributor to these growing marine litter deposits is plastic ([@ref-21]), a material widely used by humans ([@ref-11]). In the marine environment, plastic is ini... | introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = anthropogenic debris is accumulating at a rapid rate in coastal and oceanic ecosystems worldwide ( [ @ ref - 7 ] ). the most significant contributor to these growing marine litter deposits is plastic ( [ @ ref - 21 ] ), a material widely used by humans ( [ @ ref - 11 ] ). in the mar... | Introduction = = = = = = = = = = = = Anthropogenic debris is accumulating at a rapid rate in coastal and oceanic ecosystems worldwide ([ @ ref - 7] ). The most significant contributor to these growing marine litter deposits is plastic ([ @ ref - 21] ), a material widely used by humaMw ([ @ ref - 11] ). In the marine en... | Introduction ============ Anthropogenic debris accumulating at rapid rate in coastal and oceanic ecosystems worldwide ([@ref-7]). The most significant contributor to these growing marine litter deposits is plastic ([@ref-21]), a material widely used humans ([@ref-11]). In the marine environment, plastic is initially bu... | iNTroDuCTioN
============
anthROpoGeniC DeBRIS Is aCCUMuLAting aT a RapiD rAtE in cOastAL ANd OceanIC ecosySTeMs WorLdwIDe ([@Ref-7]). tHe MoST siGNifICant ContribUTOr to tHESe gRoWinG MArine LiTTER DepoSiTs Is PLastIC ([@ReF-21]), a matEriaL WiDely uSed by hUMaNS ([@ref-11]). IN THe MArIne enVironmeNT, PLAsTiC is iNI... | Introduction ============ Anthropogenic debris is accumulating at a rapid rate in coastal and oceanicecosystems worldwide ([@ref-7]). Themost significant contributor tothese growing marine litter deposits isplastic ([@ref-21]), a material widelyusedby humans ([@ref-11]). Inthe marine environment,... | Introduction ============ Anthropogenic _debris_ is accumulating at _a_ rapid rate in coastal and oceanic ecosystems worldwide _([@ref-7])._ _The_ most significant _contributor_ to these growing marine litter deposits is plastic ([@ref-21]), _a_ material widely _used_ by humans ([@ref-11]). _In_ the marine environment,... |
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