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Introduction {#s1}
============
Hydrolases constitute a class of enzymes that catalyse the hydrolysis of a wide variety of substrates, from peptides, amides or halides in addition to esters and triglycerides, as well as non-natural substrates. Although this assortment of substrates has complicated their classification... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction {#s1}
============
In life sciences, proteomics has become a well established and extremely valuable research tool over the years, helpful in exploring and understanding not only physiological processes, but also pathogenesis of a variety of diseases on a molecular level. Especially in the field of autoim... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Three out of every four dollars in health care are spent on treatment of chronic, lifestyle-related health conditions including obesity, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease (CVD), and cancer \[[@B1]\]. These conditions are associated with a number of modifiable health behavi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Precision medicine, also often called personalized medicine, has been defined as identifying the right drug, for the right patient, at the right dose, at the right time^[@B1]^. This concept relies heavily on access to information on an individual's unique genetic characteristics to tailor the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are available within the supporting information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Over recent decades, the inter-individual variability in the expression of behaviours and in cognitive abilities has become a growing field of interest in the scientific literature \[[@pone.0171010.ref001]\]. ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-12-01942}
===============
In Poland calcareous fly ashes (CFAs) are mainly by-products of the combustion of brown coal in boiler furnaces of power plants. CFAs are precipitated on electrostatic precipitators. The resources of CFA in Poland are large; its annual production exceeds 4.5 m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-09-00809}
===============
Large disparities have been documented in obesity and other chronic diseases across racial/ethnic and socio-economic groups in the US \[[@B1-nutrients-09-00809],[@B2-nutrients-09-00809],[@B3-nutrients-09-00809],[@B4-nutrients-09-00809]\]. Meal and snack patter... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The progression of chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most frequent leukemia in adults, is highly dependent on complex interactions with cells populating the CLL tumor microenvironment (TME), which is associated with dysfunctional anti-tumor immunity.^[1](#CIT0001)^ To escape surveillance by the immune system, tum... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-21-04912}
===============
*Trypanosoma cruzi,* the causative agent of Chagas disease, is an obligate intracellular hemoflagellate parasite that can infect all nucleated cells of the body. The disease, which was originally endemic in Mexico and other Latin American countries, is now present ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Large bone and soft tissue defects are often encountered at treatment of bone tumors and treatment of failed primary knee replacements. Reconstruction often requires constrained hinge knee implants.
To increase the mechanical durability of the hinge mechanism, a metal-on-metal (MoM) hinge was developed in the early 20... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-19-02327}
===============
Raman spectroscopy represents a highly informative technique that enables optical detection and identification of vibrational modes corresponding to individual bonds. The weak signal from conventional Raman scattering makes it difficult to achieve excellent sensiti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-24-01579}
===============
Flower color is a key characteristic of ornamental plants \[[@B1-molecules-24-01579]\]. Anthocyanins are flavonoids that contribute to the pink, red, orange, scarlet, violet, blue, and yellow pigmentation of ornamental plant flowers \[[@B2-molecules-24-01579]\... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
I.. INTRODUCTION {#s1}
================
The energy scales of the coupling between spin, orbital, and structural degrees of freedom (DOF) in functional solids imply that correlated dynamics in such materials occurs on femtosecond time scales. Only with suitable temporal resolution in a pump and probe experiment, one ca... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA)is an autosomal recessive neuromuscular disease characterized by symmetrical proximal muscle weakness and atrophy due to degeneration of the anterior horn cells of the spinal cord. It affects approximately 1 in 6000 to 10,000 white newborns and is the second... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Research on expertise in sports has shown that skilled performance is based not only on physical ability, but equally on task-specific cognitive competences. During extensive practice, relevant mental representations are formed, adapted, and re-organized in such a way that flawless perf... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Although potentially hazardous environmental exposures are ubiquitous, the development of diseases from direct environmental causes is, fortunately, limited. For most diseases, environmental exposures represent one of several factors contributing to the development and progression of disease. Other factors include vari... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction and History of Microincisional Vitrectomy Surgery (MIVS) {#sec1}
========================================================================
Robert Machemer introduced pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in 1971. Prior to this, Kasner had described vitreous excision removal under an open sky technique, using spon... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Schizophrenia is a type of psychosis characterized by delusion and hallucination. Schneider\'s first rank symptoms explain these conditions in detail. Patients with schizophrenia have delusions of being co... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
By taking advantage of the massive energetic potential of plant lignocellulosic biomass, second-generation biofuels can be produced from a broad spectrum of renewable carbon sources without creating direct competition with the food production market. Lignocellulosic biomass is largely com... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Over the past quarter of a century, several scientific developments have challenged traditional concepts in ovarian cancer. First, it was recognized that ovarian cancer is not a homogeneous disease, but rather a group of diseases-each with different morphology and biological behavior. Approximately 90% of ovarian cance... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background {#sec0005}
=============
Reflecting the success of vaccination campaigns, the global prevalence of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection has fallen since 1990; however, the absolute number of cases has continued to rise [@bib0005], highlighting the critical need for ongoing efforts to reduce transmis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Depression is a common mental disorder with high rates of recurrence \[[@CR1]\]. Unfortunately, current main antidepressants, such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and tricyclic anti-depressants (TCAs), display unsatisfactory response rates and various side effects \[[@C... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Both physicians and patients need to know the likelihood of adverse effects of drugs in order to assess the efficacy:risk ratio of a particular therapy. This applies to serious clinical effects that may cause significant morbidity or mortality, and to more \"trivial\" symptoms that may affect qua... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction to *Staphylococcus aureus* and *agr*
=====================================================
1.1.. Introduction
------------------
The contribution of communication systems within human bacterial pathogens to gene regulation has significantly altered our comprehension of how pathogens adapt to specific... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s0001}
============
After close to three decades\' effort, it is becoming clear that the heterologous prime-boost vaccination approach is the one showing the greatest promise among a long list of vaccination approaches tested for HIV vaccine development. RV144 trial using an ALVAC vector prime and recom... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Good sleep quality is a well-recognized predictor of both physical and mental health ([@B40]). Conversely, sleep disorders are frequently linked to concomitant psychiatric illness, particularly anxiety and mood disorders ([@B5]). More precisely, sleep disturbances have been defined a hallmark... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- Uses Australia\'s first measure of multidimensional poverty.
- Takes into consideration education attainment and overall health status (measured by the Short Form 6D) as well as income when assessing people\'s poverty status.
- This study contains a sensitivity ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Drug abuse continues to be a major problem in Malaysia ([@B1]), with almost half of the Malaysian prison population of 30,000 having been indicted for various drug-related offenses ([@B2]). Acknowledging the importance of drug abuse and relapse as a public health issue, the Malaysian go... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
The accuracy and the efficacy of radiological diagnosis greatly depend on the conditions under which radiographs and images are viewed. This mainly involves the luminance of the display devices and the ambient room illumination \[[@R1]-[@R5]\]. A number of computer programs have also be... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#s1}
==========
Chronic care management for patients with diabetes has changed in recent decades. Initiatives such as multidisciplinary protocols, pro-active care plans, and additional education have been introduced \[[@r1], [@r2]\]. Most of these initiatives are in line with the widely adopted chronic car... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Regadenoson, dipyridamole and adenosine are commonly used, FDA approved vasodilators for the noninvasive detection of obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) using myocardial perfusion imaging \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. Regadenoson is a newer, selective adenosine 2A receptor agonist initially studied in ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL), characterized by the emergence of Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in affected lymph nodes, is a particular kind of malignant tumor that originates from the B cells [@R1],[@R2]. There are four types of cHL: nodular sclerosing HL (NSHL), mixed-cellularity HL... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
HiSeq and NextSeq reads for samples found by WGS to contain mycobacteria were deposited in the NCBI Sequence Read Archive under Bioproject PRJNA351843.
Introduction {#sec003}
============
Mycobacteriosis is of considerable concern in captive birds and is most commonly caused by *Mycobacterium avium* and *Mycobacteriu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
In the last two decades, the Unified Health System (SUS) has advanced in different aspects, including the expansion of the Family Health Strategy (FHS), the reconfiguration of the management and funding of the system and the legal institutionalization of the deliberation spheres for popular p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
AlGaN can be used in light-emitting diodes that can emit light ranging from ultraviolet (UV)-A to UV-C; in addition, it has excellent thermal conductivity, high physical hardness, high chemical resistance, and a high melting point. In the design of modern UV optoelectronic devices, co... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The antiphospholipid syndrome (APS)[\*](#fn1){ref-type="fn"}is characterized by increased risk of vascular thrombosis involving venous, arterial, and placental circulations. When thrombosis occurs in the placenta, it is associated with poor obstetrical outcomes, including fetal death and grow... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#H1-1-ZOI200367}
============
Lower-extremity peripheral artery disease (PAD) is prevalent worldwide, with more than 200 million people estimated to have the disease in 2010.^[@zoi200367r1]^ In the US, the age-standardized prevalence of PAD has been estimated to be approximately 12%.^[@zoi200367r2]^ Pati... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Introduction
============
Functional dyspepsia (FD) is a common clinical syndrome consisting of recurrent or persistent abdominal symptoms of epigastric pain and fullness, early satiety, nausea, and/or vomiting in the absence of an organic cause.[@B1],[@B2] The pathophysiology of functional dyspepsia remains unclear, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#JENB_2019_v23n2_28_sec1}
============
Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase (GPI) plays an important role in glycolysis, where it catalyzes the interconversion between glucose-6-phosphate and fructose-6-phosphate^[@JENB_2019_v23n2_28_B1]^. However, it also plays an important role as an angiogenic factor and neu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Migraine is a common and often disabling disorder affecting up to 20% of the general population, women 3--4 times more often than men [@pone.0022106-Haut1]. Clinically migraine presents with recurrent headache attacks and combinations of gastrointestinal and autonomic nervous system sym... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
QX222 is a quaternary amine analogue of lidocaine, which, unlike lidocaine, is permanently charged. Lidocaine has its binding site in the internal vestibule of the voltage-gated sodium channel. Due to the hydrophobic nature of its uncharged form, lidocaine reaches the binding site by passing thro... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Ovarian cancer is one of the most common gynecologic cancers in the world that rank third after cervical and uterine cancer, and its mortality rate is high. Therefore, it is very important to know more about the ovarian cancer heterogeneity for choosing different treatment responses and p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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The first case of coronavirus disease (COVID-19) was notified in Ireland on 29 February 2020 \[[@r1]\]. The Cork/Kerry region of Ireland is the second largest public health region in the country, and has a population of ca 690,000. The first case of COVID-19 in Cork/Kerry was notified on 5 March and by 5 June 2020, the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s001}
============
Remote patient monitoring (RPM) has enhanced clinicians\' ability to monitor and manage patients in nontraditional healthcare settings. RPM uses digital technologies to collect health data from individuals in one location, such as a patient\'s home, and electronically transmit the inf... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
The genus *Illicium* L., commonly known as star anise or anise tree, comprises of over thirty species to form one of the earliest evolutionary branches of the angiosperms[@bib1]. The genus was previously classified as the only member of the Illiciaceae family; but later, the An... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Gavrilyuk O, Braaten T, Weiderpass E, Licaj I, Lund E. Lifetime number of years of menstruation as a risk index for postmenopausal endometrial cancer in the Norwegian Women and Cancer Study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2018;97:1168--1177. 10.1111/aogs.13381 29782643
**Funding Information**
This study was supported by ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The video sequences used in Experiment 1, 2 and 3 are available for download from The Center for Brains, Minds and Machines: [cbmm.mit.edu](http://cbmm.mit.edu). The Magnetoencephalography recordings used for our Comparison of model representations and neural recordings are available for download from The Center for Br... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-animals-08-00211}
===============
The rumen microbiota plays a central role in the efficiency of digestion in ruminants \[[@B1-animals-08-00211]\], thus, the use of rumen fermentation modifiers, such as monensin, that can enhance the efficiency of feed utilization by increasing the amount of ene... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-foods-07-00096}
===============
Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols (FODMAPs) have beneficial and adverse health effects \[[@B1-foods-07-00096]\]. Oligosaccharides that are not hydrolyzed and absorbed in the small intestine are rapidly fermented by intestina... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The crystal structure of mercury chalcogenhalogenides possesses a lot of features which promote the appearance of structural instabilities. All chalcogenchlorides and Hg~3~Te~2~Br~2~ are crystallized in the corderoite structure and described by the T^5^-I2~1~3 space symmetry group \[[@CR1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Death and dying are an inevitable part of the human experience, with people\'s imaginations of death having inspired countless literary texts, paintings, and music, as well as substantial psychological research (e.g., Becker, [@B8]; Kastenbaum, [@B35]). People\'s general ideas about dea... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
Rapid and accurate detection of pathogens, tumor markers，pollutants, and/or toxins is important for clinical diagnosis, environment protection, and food safety.[@CIT0001],[@CIT0002] Compared with conventional analytical methods, lateral flow assays (LFA) play an increasingly importan... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The nuclear lamina is a network of Type V intermediate filament proteins that lie primarily beneath the inner nuclear membrane. In mice and humans, it is composed of both A-type (A, AΔ10, C and C2) and B-type (B1 and B2) lamins. A-type lamins are generated by alternative splicing of one... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Influenza A (H1N1 and H3N2) and B viruses cause respiratory tract infections and are responsible for substantial morbidity and mortality during seasonal epidemics, particularly in patients at high risk, such as the elderly. Due to accumulation of mutations in the surface proteins hema... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Protein transport within cells relies heavily on membrane-enveloped vesicles that ferry packets of enclosed cargo ([@r1][@r2][@r3]--[@r4]). The content of the vesicles is released via their fusion with target membranes. This transition is impeded by repulsive forces acting when the distance between the membranes is in ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Schizophrenia is a highly complex and disabling disorder with heritability estimates as high as 80% ([@bb0225]). The genetic risk of schizophrenia established from twin/family studies, and genome wide association studies denote a complex polygenic architecture with several comm... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Myelofibrosis is a feature of several Philadelphia-chromosome negative myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), such as primary myelofibrosis (PMF), essential thrombocythaemia (ET) and polycythaemia vera (PV) \[[@CR1]\]. Myelofibrosis can either be present at baseline, as seen in patients wit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Related literature {#sec1}
==================
For background to the medicinal chemistry of oxazolidin-2-ones and their application in asymmetric synthesis, see: Diekema & Jones (2000[@bb1]); Mukhtar & Wright (2004[@bb4]); Evans *et al.* (1993[@bb2]); Matsunaga *et al.* (2005[@bb3]). For similar compounds with an imida... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The classical anatomy of the liver is well established, with left and right lobes separated by the falciform ligament on the diaphragmatic surface, and the round and venous ligaments on the visceral surface of the liver. The gallbladder, inferior caval vein and liver hilum further del... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
*Neosartorya* is a teleomorphic (sexual) state of *Aspergillus* section *Fumigati*. Although *Neosartorya* species (Trichocomaceae) have not been as extensively investigated for their secondary metabolites as *Aspergillus*, they have recently been shown to be an interesting source of ma... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-06064}
===============
Drought caused by water deficiency in soil is the most important factor reducing growth and productivity of crops throughout the world \[[@B1-ijms-20-06064],[@B2-ijms-20-06064],[@B3-ijms-20-06064]\]. It is very important to understand the physiological, biochemical... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Prior to COVID-19, social isolation among older adults was a major public health issue gaining international recognition as being detrimental to quality of life and premature mortality. As social beings, our social relationships (both quality and quantity) largely impact our health and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Correction to: *Cell Death and Disease*
10.1038/s41419-020-2349-8 published online 2 March 2020
The financial support for this Article was not fully acknowledged. The acknowledgements should have included the following:
We thank M. Lulli (University of Florence, Italy) for acquiring images of immunofluorescence-labe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), characterized by mesangial IgA deposition, is the most prevalent form of primary glomerulonephritis. Antineutrophil cytoplasmic autoantibodies (ANCAs) are commonly linked to vasculitis and pauci-immune crescentic glomerulonephritis. However, the coexistence of Ig... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
*Bacillus Calmette-Guérin* (BCG) is a live attenuated *Mycobacterium bovis*, which is currently used as vaccine against *Mycobacterium tuberculosis* (*M*.*tuberculosis*) infection. BCG vaccination confers non-specific protection against non-related mycobacterial infections as reported... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The full volume of z-maps underlying the findings of this study are available for download in zip-format at figshare using the following DOI: [10.6084/m9.figshare.5946781](https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.5946781) or can be downloaded directly at <http://www.cercle-d-excellence-psy.org/fileadmin/cep_files/Neurocrypt... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Nucleic acid polymers that are rich in guanines have the potential to form a four-stranded structure called a guanine quadruplex (G4). When four guanines are arranged in a plane they are stabilized by hydrogen bonds between the Watson-Crick and Hoogsteen faces of adjacent guanin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Data are available from figshare (DOI: [10.17028/rd.lboro.5446561](https://doi.org/10.17028/rd.lboro.5446561)).
Introduction {#sec001}
============
A recent focus of mathematical cognition research has been to identify the cognitive skills that are related to mathematics achievement. One impetus for this work has bee... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
General anesthetics act on the central nervous system, mainly the brain. Although general anesthesia has been routinely used as a surgical procedure and its safety has been evaluated and endorsed by clinical outcomes, its effects at the molecular level have not yet been clarified. Intra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- This study provides the first national estimates, based on a representative sample, of the epidemic of tobacco use among people living with mental illness (PLWMI) in a middle-income country.
- PLWMI are twice as likely to smoke as those without mental illness and t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Civil drone applications increase radically world wide to support many areas, such search and rescue, remote sensing, delivery of goods, and wildlife observation^[@CR1]^. With increasing numbers of civil drones, also new challenges arise that need to be addressed (e.g., ethics, sustai... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
For more than two decades, researchers have sought consistency in definitions for breastfeeding, and they used various algorithms to determine how much a baby is breastfed \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. These definitions formed the basis to describe infant feeding patterns, especially, breastfeeding duration a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Dear Editor,
As of 10th July 2020, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has afflicted 12,102,328 people and claimed 551,046 lives \[[@CR1]\]. Transmission of the SARS-COV-2 virus to healthcare workers has been well documented and attributed to lack of personal protective equipment (PPE) and long duration of exposure to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-foods-09-00451}
===============
Potatoes are the most consumed vegetable in the United States, with a per capita value in 2016 of about 21 kg (46 lbs), with almost half of the consumption coming in the form of fresh potatoes. This is 7 kg (16 lbs) more than the per capita consumption of the seco... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Given the increasing prevalence of genome-wide data, and the development of methodologies for the analysis of such data, there is an increasing need for tools that can simulate data appropriate for long, genomic regions. Two options suggest themselves:
1\. **Model and simulation:**The traditiona... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Oxidative stress is a common pathogenic mechanism underlying the development of many diseases and conditions including malaria infection, in which both the host and the parasite are under its effects. Adapting to the oxidative stress exerted by the host immune response against malaria infection, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Developing a suitable method
----------------------------
The basic approach of biomedical ethics has primarily been philosophical inquiry with the aim of logical reasoning, conceptual clarity, coherence and rational justification \[[@B1]\]. Although such theoretical reflections make importa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Because populations are becoming older and survival from many diseases, including stroke, has improved over the past decades there is concern that the disease burden in general will increase. Stroke is one of the diseases that has caused such concern \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. One reason is that... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The recent report from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) suggests that more than 100 million Americans are living with diabetes or prediabetes \[[@R1]\]. Strikingly, diabetes is the 7^th^ leading cause of death in the United States. Diabetes-related eye disease is the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe, complex congenital heart defect (CHD) characterized by hypoplasia of the left ventricle and ascending aorta, an atrial septal defect (either large or restrictive), and a patent ductus arteriosus, which provides the only blood flow to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
***Cite this article as:*** Ahmadzadeh N, Ebadi Fard Azar F, Baradaran HR, Roghani RS, Shirazikhah M, Joghataei MT, Bahrampouri S. Availability of outpatient rehabilitation facilities in 2015 in Iran: A nationwide study. *Med J Islam Repub Iran*. 2018 (10 Dec);32:123. https://doi.org/10.14196/mjiri.32.123
↑ What is "a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Osteosarcoma derives from primitive bone-forming mesenchymal cells, although it is the most common primary bone malignancy,\[[@ref1]--[@ref2]\] osteosarcoma of the skull base is very rare.\[[@ref1][@ref3]--[@ref6]\] A 40-year-old woman, a known case of left temporal bone osteosarcoma operated 3 years back, now presente... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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Method details {#sec0005}
==============
Preliminary notes {#sec0010}
-----------------
All procedures should be performed at room temperature (23 ± 2 °C) unless otherwise specified. Refrigerated solutions should be allowed to reach room temperature before use. If more than one specimen is processed, the number of ce... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s1}
===============
Chronic low back pain (CLBP) is a leading contributor to global disability.^[@R14]^ A multidisciplinary approach is often used to manage CLBP.^[@R1],[@R29]^ Among pharmacologic options, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are recommended as first-line therapy, and duloxe... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Skin infections such as pyoderma and ectoparasitic infections are common in developing countries, especially in tropical regions \[[@B1]\]. Despite their frequent occurrence, they are often not perceived to be a significant health concern, and with the exception of leprosy, these conditions are r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
*Erwinia amylovora* is the type species of the genus *Erwinia* that belongs to the family *Enterobacteriaceae*. As is common in bacterial taxonomy in recent years, there have been a continuous description of novel *Erwinia* species as well as some species have been reclassified and tran... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec0001}
===============
5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) is widely used in the treatment of various solid tumors, such as colorectal cancer and breast cancer [@bib0001], [@bib0002], [@bib0003], and it is administrated by i.v. in clinic [@bib0004], which causes poor patient compliance and serious side effects [... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-geriatrics-05-00015}
===============
About 15% of patients in neurorehabilitation are diagnosed with brainstem stroke (BSS) \[[@B1-geriatrics-05-00015]\]. The swallowing centre or the "central pattern generator for swallowing" (CPG) is located in the brainstem \[[@B2-geriatrics-05-00015]\]. Stud... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Cancer, one of the leading non-communicable causes of death worldwide, is a complex heterogeneous disease involving genomic alterations. Many studies have revealed the remarkable diagnostic and/or therapeutic value of identifying genomic alterations in cancer. For example, analysis of t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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![](medchirrev76... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) is an enveloped, positive-strand RNA virus, belonging to the genus *Gammacoronavirus* in the order of *Nidovirales*. IBV is endemic in most countries around the world and causes huge economical losses in the poultry industry. Many different IBV strains ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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