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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Core tip:** Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) has an important role in staging, establishing prognosis and optimizing therapeutic decisions. Also, it has proved to be a useful alternative therapeutic modality in surgery. In terms of cost-benefit, it reduces the number of unnecessary diagnostic or therapeutic procedures, le... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Mammalian control of energy homeostasis is extremely complex and integrates regulation at an organ level, cellular level, and ultimately a molecular level. In healthy humans this results in a system that matches caloric intake to energy expenditure within 0.17% during the course of a year in whic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-materials-10-00545}
===============
Graphite \[[@B1-materials-10-00545]\] is a widely investigated filler which can improve several polymer composite properties (e.g., electrical or thermal conductivity). With micrometer sized stack thicknesses, it has a low aspect ratio, meaning that relatively... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The unique three-dimensional architecture of the dendritic arbour is fundamental to a neuron's ability to integrate into functional neuronal networks and dictates the extent and quality of information flow across the network. Dendritic branch length and the degree of branching directl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The recently revised definition of sepsis as the life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection^[@CR1]^ was motivated in part by accumulating evidence to suggest that immunosuppression is a key feature of the disease and an important contributor... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1.. Introduction {#s1}
================
Schizophrenia is associated with a significant decrease in occupational functioning. Less than 20% of individuals with schizophrenia can maintain regular employment.[@b1] Overcoming this problem is one of the main tasks facing mental health professionals. The combination of anti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
In health and disease, the immune system and the brain constantly communicate with each other. Specifically, in quiescent periods, the immune system positively regulates learning, memory, neural plasticity, and neurogenesis ([@B11]; [@B6]; [@B18]). In particular, during learning or high frequ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Contrast to the Western society, the incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) increases dramatically in China with the change of lifestyle and prolonged life span. Currently, there are approximately 2.5 million AMI patients in China \[[@R1]\], and this figure is predicted to appro... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Traditional experimental approaches for genome-scale analysis rely on large numbers of input cells and therefore cannot be applied to study early lineage diversification directly in the embryo. To address this, we used single cell transcriptomics to investigate mesodermal lineage diversification towards the haematopoie... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Cardiac MRI has become the reference imaging modality used to assess left ventricular (LV) remodelling. Ventricles are generally characterised by bulk metrics such as cavity volume, mass or wall thickness. We introduce a workflow that aims to improve the stratification power of conventional analy... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Chloroplasts are the site of photosynthesis, the process which most organisms, including humans, rely on directly or indirectly for their source of organic compounds and energy. These double-membrane organelles arise by differentiation from their undifferentiated precursors, proplastids, whic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Regular and appropriate physical activity (PA) is a major component in preventing the growing global burden of chronic and noncommunicable diseases (NCDs).[@ref1] According to WHO, recommended level of sufficient PA for adults aged 18--64 years is at least 150 min of moderate-intens... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Coral reefs cover only 0.1% of the ocean's floor, yet they host one quarter of the total biodiversity of the oceans. The variable shapes and heavily calcified skeletons that characterize the corals themselves create a three-dimensional seascape that provides myriad niches for organisms belong... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. INTRODUCTION
===============
1.1. Background {#sec1.1}
---------------
S100β protein is a metal-binding receptor located in the metal ion-rich synaptic regions of the human brain. At the onset of any neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's, Down's syndrome, trauma, brain injury, myocardial infarction and s... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are a major global public health issue. Recent reports from the World Health Organization (WHO) have reported that 257 million persons live with chronic HBV infection, 71 million have chron... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The data are available at <https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE87578>.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The ribosomopathies are clinically heterogeneous disorders characterized by progressive bone marrow failure and a predisposition to hematopoietic and non-hematopoietic malignancies \[[@pone.018... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Clinical triallists assess a treatment under evaluation according to specific clinical \'endpoints\', typically mortality or morbidity, or some measure of health service utilisation, such as length of hospital stay; similar endpoints have become the standard set in national frameworks \[[@B1]... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Lee \[[@b1-kjp-2019-00570]\] reported an excellent review article on the management of preterm patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) in a recent issue of the Korean Journal of Pediatrics. PDA in premature infants may be the most controversial topic in neonatology. The main reason for the controversy is the difficulty in detan... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Learning Points {#s1a}
===============
- Psoas and thigh, although rare localizations, could represent the site of primary or secondary hydatidosis.
- Muscular hydatidosis should always be considered in patients with previous history of such a disease, especially in cases of previous surgical dissemination.
- ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Swainsonine is known to be produced by fungal symbionts of plants (endophytes), plant pathogens, and insect pathogens, but has not previously been reported from pathogens of humans and other mammals ([Figure 1](#fig1){ref-type="fig"}). This indolizidine alkaloid---a mannofuranose analog---specifically inhibits α-mannos... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Editor:
A 74-year-old male with past medical history of hypertension, stroke, end stage renal disease on hemodialysis, type 2 diabetes mellitus and anemia presented to emergency with fever and cough for 3 days. Physician examination was positive for crackles in bilateral lung fields. Chest radiograph showed bilat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Fully fluorinated aromatic compounds have only recently become accessible. Because of their combination of C---F bonds and aromatic resonance structure they have attracted interest as possible heat-resistant materials. It has been observed that certain polyphenyls (C~6~F~4~)*~x~* are st... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
NIH3T3 is a mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) cell line with a high degree of contact inhibition in continued culture. It was separated from NIH Swiss mouse embryo cultures \[[@CR1]\], and belongs to mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)-like multipotent progenitor cells. These cellspossess mult... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
A 67-year-old male presented to our clinic with suspicion for mesothelioma. He had an episode of pneumonia with right-sided parapneumonic effusion, treated with thoracentesis with 1.3 L of pleural fluid removed nine months prior to his presentation. On our evaluation he was asymptomatic and denied cough, fever, sweats ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a leading cause of blindness in developed countries. [@pone.0091873-Klein1] AMD has two stages; i.e., early AMD and late AMD. Drusen and pigment abnormalities are the hallmarks of early AMD. [@pone.0091873-Klein2], [@pone.0091873-Bird1] They are... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Eighty percent of mastectomy reconstruction is implant based, using tissue expansion as the initial method to reestablish the skin envelope. An addition to this treatment method was the use of acellular dermal matrix (ADM) derived from human cadavers (eg, AlloDerm; Life-Cell Corp., Branchburg, N.J.) for inferolateral p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Primary freshwater fishes are strictly confined to freshwater basins, limiting their dispersal capacity. The evolution and dispersal of primary freshwater fishes are closely tied to the palaeogeography and history of connections, captures or separation of the water bodies they inhabit \[[@B1]\]. ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Chronic myeloid leukaemia (CML) is a clonal myeloproliferative neoplasm that originates from a constitutively active tyrosine kinase, BCR-ABL, resulting from a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Upregulation of BCR-ABL drives disordered myelopoie... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. Not Applicable.
Introduction {#s1}
============
Oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) is a chronic progressive, areca nut chewing habit related, precancerous condition of the oral mucosa predominantly affecting Indians and Sout... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Alopecia areata (AA) and vitiligo are both autoimmune diseases, and striking similarities in pathogenesis have been identified at the level of both the innate and adaptive immune systems. Increased reactive oxygen species and high cellular stress levels have been suggested as th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Specifications table** {#s0005}
========================
TableSubject area*Toxicology*More specific subject area*Food science, contaminants, biomagnification*Type of data*Table*Data format*Analyzed output data*Experimental factors*POPs determination was performed on tuna tissue (liver samples) that were homogenate b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Inherited platelet disorders (IPDs) are a heterogeneous group of bleeding diseases of variable clinical severity associated with a reduction of platelet number (inherited platelet number disorders, IPNDs) and/or function (inherited platelet function disorders, IPFDs). Spontaneous hemorrhages ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Characterized by its strong association with aging, prostate cancer remains as one of the major health threats to men worldwide. While genetic alterations that can cause transformation of prostatic epithelia are inevitably accumulated during aging, aging men also produce fewer androgens... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
The mammalian immune system evolved to detect and fight viral infections effectively. The induction of type I interferon (IFN), predominantly IFN-α and IFN-β, forms the first line of defense. The type I IFN response consists of two parts. First, the cell produces type I IFN, when trigge... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Smartphone technology is constantly evolving. Many individuals use their phones and internet regularly, with 89% of adults over the age of 16 owning and using a smartphone \[[@ref1]\]. Health care providers are capitalizing on this societal development by exploring innovative ways of using sm... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) is a popular procedure used to achieve spondylodesis in patients with degenerative lumbar spinal diseases \[[@CR1]\]. Neurological, wound-healing and hardware problems have been reported in these patients \[[@CR2]\]. Nevertheless, hardware... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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![](medchirrev76... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Hesse R, Henstridge CM. FENS‐Kavli winter symposium: Addressing the cellular phase of dementia---visions of the UK Dementia Research Institute. Eur J Neurosci. 2018;48:1720--1722. 10.1111/ejn.14059
Edited by Paul Bolam.
Alzheimer\'s disease (AD) is one of mankind\'s greatest afflictions. It is the most common degener... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The induction of mesoderm and endoderm (mesendoderm) during embryogenesis and embryonic stem cell differentiation generates the precursors of the heart, liver, gut, pancreas, kidney and other internal organs. Nodal, a ligand in the TGF-beta protein family, is the key inducer of vertebra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
About 25% children with enthesitis related arthritis have sacroilitis at presentation & are at higher risk of developing ankylosing spondylitis. No guidelines exist for the reporting of sacroilitis on MRI in children. Hence there is potentially less agreement between reporting among different rad... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Zinc oxide (ZnO) has a wide direct bandgap energy of 3.37 eV, which makes it transparent in visible light and is a promising candidate for blue and ultraviolet light emitting devices (LEDs) and lasers \[[@B1-materials-07-07339]\]. In general, ZnO with a wurtzite structure is an unintent... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Since the 19^th^ century, counting the visible microbial colonies grown on semi-solid agar-based growth medium has been the dominant method for quantitative microbiological analysis. A key advantage of visual plate counting is its sensitivity for detecting growing cells; a visible colon... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Welcome to the "Pharmacist Services" special issue in the journal Pharmacy, an open access journal with a focus on pharmacy education and practice. In 2018, an invitation was dispersed to scholars in the pharmacist services domain asking them to submit a manuscript to this special issue no later than 31 July 2019. We i... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1st PAPSA conference: 1994 {#Sec1}
==========================
After many deliberations from 1991 onwards, the Pan African Paediatric Surgical Association (PAPSA) was inaugurated in 1994 and the first meeting held in Nairobi, Kenya. Professor Julius Kyambi from Kenya was elected as the interim president with support fr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The provision of home-care for a dying relative can be a positive and rewarding experience because it may reduce feelings of guilt, provide a purpose in life, fulfil a sense of duty, and help in coping with bereavement, among other factors \[[@ref1]\]. However, if the care situation is extend... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-polymers-11-00371}
===============
In developing countries, there are a large number of economic losses caused by plant pathogenic fungi every year \[[@B1-polymers-11-00371]\]. It has been reported that *Botrytis cinerea (B. cinerea)* can cause the grey mold disease which could cause fruits and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Taiwan\'s population of about 23 million is heterogeneous and is made up of 97.9% Han Chinese and 2.1% indigenous people. Han Chinese are composed of Minnan (68.9%), Hakka (15%) and mainland Chinese (14%) who arrived from China after World War II. Minnan and Hakka are the so-called "T... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
DESCRIPTION {#S1}
===========
A 26-year-old woman underwent resection of a 2-cm toe mass and adjacent skin. The defect was closed with a dorsally based rotational flap. The pathology was controversial, originally identified as digital papillary adenocarcinoma, but ultimately identified as a benign poroid/clear cell hi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) has a major role in the treatment of breast cancer \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. Several trials comparing adjuvant chemotherapy and NAC demonstrated that long-term relapse-free and overall survival outcomes were the same \[[@CR3]\]. However, NAC has advantages compare... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S1}
============
Precise evaluation of the response of a cell to a drug is a critical step in pre-clinical drug development. Failures in this process have contributed to issues with irreproducibility of phenotypes across experimental platforms, spurious associations in precision medicine, and misannotat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-polymers-11-00962}
===============
Humic acid (HA) is one of the major components of humic substances and it contains both hydrophilic and hydrophobic moieties, such as carboxylic, phenolic, carbonyl, and hydroxyl groups \[[@B1-polymers-11-00962]\]. HA is a complex organic colloid and a relative... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide and in the United States (US). Health, life expectancy, and medical care have improved dramatically in the US over the last century. However, the distribution of benefits arising from the decreases in heart... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Recent focus of material scientists and engineers is to design economically and functionally efficient receptors allowing for substrate binding characteristics similar to those of natural systems. Highly selective recognition is one of the fundamental features of life-governing biological functio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The Essure system was approved in November 2001 by the European Health Office and in November 2002 by the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA). According to the manufacturer, about 750,000 women have had it implanted to date. Many studies have shown that Essure is a safe and highly effective... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Age-dependent tissue deterioration characterizes physiological aging in multi-cellular organisms. Impaired maintenance of cellular homeostasis contributes to aging, partly caused by genome-wide transcriptional alterations affecting multiple gene networks \[[@R1]\]. In humans, the aging-... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Over the last two decades, pneumonia remained the leading cause of global under-five childhood deaths [@pone.0073728-Liu1], [@pone.0073728-Black1], representing an estimated 1.4 million out of the total 7.6 million deaths in this population in 2010 [@pone.0073728-Nair1]. The risk of dea... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .424}
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Hepatitis A virus infection (HAV) has decreased substantially in developed countries in recent decades, due to improvements in the quality of the water supply and the treatment of human residual wastes \[[@B1]\]. However, in these countries, the rates of clinical disease may increase, since the v... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Autoimmune rheumatic diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis (RA) are characterized by the presence of a chronic inflammatory state affecting the joints as well as a number of other organs and tissues \[[@B1]\]. The prevalence of RA ranges between 0.1 and 5%, depending on specific... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Distal renal tubular acidosis (RTA) is caused mostly by impaired H+ secretion and may be genetic or acquired. The development of systemic acidosis diminishes net proximal fluid reabsorption and increases the distal delivery. This volume contraction activates renin angiotensin aldost... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Pharmaceutical companies tend to develop new drugs to treat new diseases through research and development (R&D) investment to create a next-generation profit source, or develop relatively cost-effective drugs to maximize enterprise value. R&D investment has been relatively insuf... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In this issue, Kennon et al. ([@B1]) report the incidence of amputation in diabetes across Scotland. Their findings are expressed both in terms of the total population (which is primarily a measure of national disease burden and much influenced by the changing prevalence of diagnosed diabetes) and the population with d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Immunotherapy has become a new method to refractory or recurrent tumors. A number of clinical studies have confirmed that immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) had a significant antitumor activity in various tumor types \[[@CR1]--[@CR5]\]. The new immunotherapy also results in novel tumor r... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Muir-Torre syndrome (MTS) is a rare, hereditary, autosomal dominant cancer syndrome that is a variant of hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal carcinoma (HNPCC) or Lynch syndrome.[@bib1] MTS is characterized by sebaceous neoplasms and HNPCC-associated malignancies such as colorectal, end... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
D prostanoid receptor 2 (DP2) or chemoattractant receptor--homologous molecule expressed on T~H~2 cells (CRTH2) is a G protein--coupled receptor that has been implicated in the pathogenesis of allergic diseases.[@bib1] DP2 is activated by prostaglandin D~2~ (PGD~2~), which is found at high levels in the bronchoalveolar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The inhibition or delay of ischemic cell death is an important therapeutic goal, since it widens the temporal window that allows for the (at least partial) recovery of tissues at reperfusion. The signal transduction cascades that mediate cell death upon ischemia/reperfusion have been extensiv... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Image in medicine {#sec1}
=================
A 35-year-old Indian lady, born out of non-consanguineous parentage, presented with multiple asymptomatic bumps over face and fingers. The facial lesions had started appearing since 2 years of age and finger lesions were first noticed during her adolescence. She had been on ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Leptospirosis is caused by infection with bacteria that belong to the phylum Spirochaetes and genus *Leptospira*, with over 250 known pathogenic serovars \[[@CR1]\]. Leptospirosis is an emerging endemic and epidemic disease of global importance, with recent reports of increasing frequency... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
"The Semantic Web is a vision for the future of the Web, in which information is given explicit meaning, making it easier for machines to automatically process and integrate information available on the Web" \[[@ref1]\]. The major objectives of the Semantic Web are to improve data reuse, data... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Sunlight is the most abundant renewable energy resource and underpins life on our planet. Nature has evolved complex photosynthetic processes to harvest this light for the generation of chemical energy.^[@ref1]−[@ref3]^ While chemical energy underpins the natural world, electric... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Nursing shortages is a growing global concern because of its major implications for patient outcomes and the quality of care provided \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. A major factor underlying these shortages is turnover, the rate at which a healthcare organization gains or loses nurses over a certain... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Oncology patients are at risk of malnutrition throughout the course of the disease and its treatment (Andreyev et al., 1998). The prevalence of malnutrition in cancer patients ranged from 40% to 80% depending on the tumor type, location, stage, and therapy (Ollenschläger et al., 1991; Shike, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Antiphospholipid syndrome (APS) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by arterial and venous thrombosis caused by antiphospholipid antibodies.^\[[@R1]\]^ Catastrophic antiphospholipid syndrome (CAPS) was first described by Asherson in 1992^\[[@R2]\]^ (therefore also known as Asherson ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
*Streptococcus pneumoniae* (pneumococcus) is part of the normal flora of the upper respiratory tract of humans but is also implicated in severe invasive diseases such as meningitis, septicaemia and pneumonia \[[@B1], [@B2]\]. Globally, the incidence of pneumococcal infections is... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#s0005}
===============
Infectious diseases are transmitted through social contacts between individuals. The modeling of epidemic spreading among human beings has been extensively studied in mathematical epidemiology and network science. The developments of transportation system have enabled people to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Type 2 diabetes is a chronic, progressive disease in which hyperglycemia occurs due to an imbalance between the body's need for insulin and its ability to produce it. The progressive nature of the disease results from a continuing deterioration in pancreatic β-cell function and development of... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
An increase in arterial blood pressure (BP) is generally regarded as a major risk factor for heart attack and stroke.^[@bib1]^ Dysfunctional endothelium, characterized by a reduced nitric oxide (NO) production, is recognized as an independent factor for an increase in arterial BP.^[@bib2]^ It... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Micropollutants such as pharmaceuticals, personal care products and biocides are ubiquitous in the environment [@pone.0058864-Tauxe1]--[@pone.0058864-Lienert1]. Due to poor removal in conventional wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) [@pone.0058864-Choubert1]--[@pone.0058864-Margot1], ur... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Significance Statement {#s1}
======================
The everyday auditory environment is often complex and highly variable. Separating relevant changes from irrelevant variability is important for auditory processing. Previous research has already shown that sensory evidence is integrated to achieve accurate decisions... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
We attempted to evaluate the researchers' behavior in using scientific resources in the Faculty of Dentistry at Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. The importance of such study is highlighted when financial resources are limited and the scholarly publications are on an ever-increasing rate, necessitating the selecti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Related literature {#sec1}
====================
For the catalitic use of palladium η^3^-allyl complexes, see: De Vries (2012[@bb5]). For multidentate nitrogen/sulfur ligands, see: Betz *et al.* (2008[@bb3]). For the η^3^--η^1^--η^3^ mechanism and *syn-*-*syn* anti--anti isomerism, see: Solin & Szabo (2001[@bb9]); T... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
GENOME ANNOUNCEMENT
===================
*Pseudomonas aeruginosa* causes urinary tract infections, bacteremia, gastrointestinal infections, and a variety of systemic infections. Multidrug-resistant (MDR) *P. aeruginosa*-mediated infections can lead to serious outcomes, such as amputation, or in the worst case, death ([... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has a long history and has been accepted as one of the main medical approaches in China \[[@B2]\]. Many of the herbal medicines used in today\'s clinical practice and some of the traditional Chinese medicine preparation has been used in human p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD), encompassing Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis, are chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract. Current concepts of IBD pathogenesis suggest a complex interplay between genetic, nutritional and environmental factors, and gut m... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section5-1179551417746957}
============
Despite being noncurable, diabetes can be managed effectively by regular evaluation of the blood glucose level. Self-monitoring of blood glucose is considered to be an effective tool for this purpose, especially for patients with type 1 diabetes (T1D).^[@bibr1-117... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#S1}
============
A hallmark of HIV-1 disease is a gradual decline in peripheral blood CD4 T cells associated with chronic immune activation, defined by increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, innate and adaptive immune cell activation, and soluble markers of inflammation.^[@R1]^ T cell activatio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Malignancy accounts for about 5% of upper gastrointestinal hemorrhage and may need surgical intervention in the majority of cases. Various segments of the upper gastrointestinal tract can be involved, but duodenal involvement is very rare.
RCC accounts for approximately 3% of a... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#s1}
==========
Intracranial arachnoid cysts are uncommon among children and may account for up to 2.6% of expanding intracranial lesions.[@R1] Their most frequent location is the middle fossa. Most are asymptomatic or present with headache, convulsions and haemorrhage.[@R2]
Haemorrhages are uncommon and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Bladder carcinoma is the most common of the malignant neoplasias of the urinary tract and is characterized by wide variability in prognosis. Carcinomas of transitional cells account for over 90% of bladder tumors \[[@B1]\]. The majority of patients tend to relapse, but a group of patients pro... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Specifications Table**TableSubject areaBiologyMore specific subject areaMolecular Biology, real time RT-PCRType of dataTable, figureHow data was acquiredIn silico analysis of gene sequences using online bioinformatics tools and MEGA 5.2 software; Precision assay acquired by analysis of the threshold cycle value of co... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The presence of t(15;17) with the *PML--RARA* fusion gene is considered to be the hallmark of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL), also known as acute myeloid leukemia (AML) type M3.^[@bib1]^ Initially t(15;17) was assumed to be present in all APL patients. However, over the last 10 years a si... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#SEC1}
============
The human gastrointestinal tract is predominantly a bacterial ecosystem that is largely represented by micro-organisms from two divisions---the *Bacteroidetes* and the *Firmicutes* ([@B1],[@B2]). The *Bacteroides* genus includes commensal Gram-negative anaerobic bacteria that play a f... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .284}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Understanding the mechanisms in resistive switching materials is essential for applications in future nonvolatile memory and logic devices[@b1][@b2][@b3]. When in the ON state, conduction in such systems can occur through a filament rather than the bulk channel. While filament confinement is considered advantageous[@b4... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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