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All relevant data are available within the paper and its Supporting Information files. The data are also deposited into GenBank. Please see the Supporting Information files for relevant accession numbers.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Over several decades, the Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell has served as the ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), a member of the Pneumoviridae family, is a highly contagious human pathogen. RSV causes respiratory tract infections in all age groups with hospitalizations primarily reported in infants and the elderly, representing a major global health and economic burden \[[@CIT0001]\]. Most child... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Tibial fractures are the most common bone fractures of the lower extremity, and high-energy injuries, such as motor vehicle trauma, falls, direct blow, and sports injury, frequently occur \[[@CR1]\]. The distal tibial fractures constitute about 10--13% of all tibial fractures and are ofte... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Due to the ability of small interfering RNA (siRNA) to effectively silence specific genes, siRNA has quickly emerged as one of the most promising drugs for the treatment of various human diseases, such as viral infections, genetic diseases and cancer \[[@R1]--[@R4]\]. This treatment met... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- This is a comprehensive study that has used multicentre data to determine whether acute hospital length of stay of patients with stroke varies across hospitals in the UK, after adjustment for patient-level covariates, such as age, sex, prestroke and discharge modified... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Correction to: *Nature Communications* 10.1038/s41467-019-12955-3, published online 4 November 2019.
The original version of this Article contained errors in the email address of the corresponding author, Nadia A. Zatsepin, as well in her current affiliation. These have now been corrected in both the PDF and HTML vers... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Achieving an appealing and an esthetic smile is no longer a dream. With the increasing popularity of esthetic related treatment procedures, an understanding of the therapeutic synergies brought about by an interdisciplinary approach should be developed.
Symmetrical smiles are considered esthetically pleasing, ideally ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
U1 small nuclear RNA (U1 snRNA) is one of the most abundant ncRNAs \[[@R1]\]. U1 snRNA has a length of 164 nt in human and its protein binding sites are highly conserved in insects and mammals \[[@R2]\]. The primary function of U1 snRNA is its involvement in the splicing of pre-mRNAs in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijerph-15-01473}
===============
For the past 40 years of reform and opening up, China's economy has maintained rapid growth. However, China's unreasonable economic structure, inefficient use of resources, and severe environmental pollution have become important factors that have constrained the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are an important class of small regulatory non-coding RNAs with a size of 18--25 nucleotides (nt). The canonical miRNA biogenesis pathway starts with the generation of the primary miRNA (pri-miRNA) transcript by RNA polymerase II mediated transcription. The pri-miRNA ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Bitter taste receptors (T2Rs or TAS2Rs) are a class of G protein--coupled receptors (GPCRs), for which 25 subtypes have now been identified in the human genome. Some are broadly tuned (e.g., TAS2R10, -14, -46), whereas others are more specific (e.g., TAS2R3, -5, -9, -13, -20, -41, -45, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Plants are the important source of several medicines for various incurable deadly diseases as known from literature (several thousand years old). Natural products obtained from the plants are known to be potential source for pharmaceutical applications. It has been found that about ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Integrin-linked kinase (ILK) was discovered as an interactor of integrin β1 and β3 cytoplasmic domains [@pone.0012356-Hannigan1], which localizes to focal adhesion plaques and to centrosomes [@pone.0012356-McDonald1], [@pone.0012356-Fielding1], and is composed of three distinct domains:... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Atomically thick two-dimensional (2D) layered materials are currently one of most research interests for their promising applications in electronics, optoelectronics and spintronics[@b1][@b2][@b3][@b4]. By introducing local magnetic moments, many 2D systems have been proven to be important candidates in spintronic devi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
The inner membrane of fungal mitochondria may contain---beside the standard components (complexes I, II, III, IV) of the electron transport system (ETS)--several alternative redox enzymes ([Fig 1](#pone.01... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#section6-2515135520940131}
============
India has a high burden of morbidity and mortality from vaccine preventable diseases (VPDs) in children. Measles and rubella are VPDs. In India, more than 2.5million children acquire measles infection, and close to 49,000 infected children die each year.^[@bibr1-2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Up until now there have been two John Snows: the anaesthetist and the investigator of cholera. It is one of the many achievements of this excellent book to show how Snow\'s ideas and practice in the former area played a part in his thinking about epidemic disease. This work is a conventional and comprehensive biography... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**To the Editor:** Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5N1) virus is a deadly zoonotic pathogen. Since 2003, HPAI infections have been reported in millions of poultry and wild birds from 63 countries ([@R1]) and in 598 humans, among whom there have been 352 reported deaths in 15 countries ([@R2]). HPAI (H5N1) v... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Background {#sec1}
=============
To maintain homeostasis, apoptosis plays a critical role in lymphocyte development and activity. Excessive lymphocyte apoptosis can cause immune defects; however, inhibition of normal apoptosis can lead to the autoimmune disease or the occurrence of lymphoma \[[@B1]\]. So the immune... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S0001}
============
The number of obese individuals is growing worldwide, and the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III \[[@CIT0001]\] and the World Health Organization (WHO) have declared obesity as one of the key features of metabolic syndrome \[[@CIT0002]\]. Obesity is defi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
A fundamental question in biology is how animals sense environmental cues and alter their physiology and behavior in ways that are beneficial for their survival and reproduction. The amenability of *Drosophila melanogaster* as a model system using genetic and physiological approaches ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction
============
Xerostomia is a subjective complaint of dry mouth, and it is usually caused by a decreased salivary flow or by changes in the biochemical composition of saliva. Patients suffering from xerostomia usually complain about difficulties when chewing, swallowing or even speaking, particularly those... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Since its first genomic characterization in *Arabidopsis thaliana* ([@msy204-B6]; [@msy204-B11]), gene body methylation (hereafter gbM) has been a puzzling phenomenon. Typically, plants methylate cytosines in three contexts: CG, CHG, and CHH (where H = A, C, or T). When all three contexts are methylated, gene expressio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-vaccines-06-00006}
===============
Immune defense against hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is complex and involves both host innate and adaptive immune systems \[[@B1-vaccines-06-00006],[@B2-vaccines-06-00006]\]. During an acute HBV infection, robust polyclones and multi-specific CD8^+^ T cell ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Transcriptional networks are fundamental to many aspects of biology and disease. Gene expression is a carefully controlled process orchestrated by the activities of transcription factors (TFs) which regulate the transcription of each gene. TFs usually do not work in isolation, but inste... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) develops from clonal malignant disorders of haematopoietic stem cells, with a median age at diagnosis of 68 years \[[@CR1]\]. Because of clinically and biologically heterogeneous features, elderly AML patients have poor prognosis attributable to increased res... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-jcm-08-01635}
===============
According to statistics from the International Diabetes Federation, the global diabetes prevalence was 8.8% in 2017 and is expected to further increase to 9.9% by 2045 \[[@B1-jcm-08-01635]\]. Since type 2 diabetes increases the risks of liver and pancreatic cancers,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Iron deficiency anemia is still a condition of a major public health concern for researchers and policy makers \[[@B1]\]. Period of adolescence is a significant phase of life as the physiologic growth spurt requires adequate nutrition in order to achieve healthy adulthood. Iron ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Multi-core CPUs are becoming more commonplace. This type of CPU can perform various bioinformatic analyses in parallel, including database searches, in which tasks can be split into multiple parts (eg. Mathog, [@B14]). The parallelization of a multiple sequence alignment (MSA) calculation is a complicated problem, beca... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Heparin (Hep) is a highly sulfated glycosaminoglycan (GAG) with the highest negative charge density of any known biomacromolecules.[@cit1] It can bind antithrombin with a high affinity, and the binding significantly enhances antithrombin\'s inhibition activity towards thrombin and other coagu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Elucidating the function of genes and proteins constitutes one of the main challenges in the post-genomic era. Large-scale gene expression measured by microarrays is a valuable and under-exploited data resource to discover functionally coupled genes. Genes with similar expression profiles, for ex... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Drug reaction with eosinophilia and systemic symptoms (DRESS) is a syndrome with multi-systemic involvements. Liver injury is the most common visceral manifestation (80%).
Method
======
To investigate the types of liver injury and factors involved, including the chronology, recovery time, relat... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) is the most lethal gynecologic malignancy and the fifth most common cause of cancer-related death in women. The estimated annual incidence of this disease worldwide is just over 200,000 individuals, with approximately 125,000 deaths.[@b1-ijwh-7-189] Significant... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The human lower urinary tract (LUT) is controlled by a complex supraspinal network which permits the voluntary regulation of LUT function, that is, to decide where and when to empty the bladder ([@BHU140C28]). Loss or impairment of such supraspinal control frequently results in LUT dysf... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Behavioral ethics is a rapidly growing field investigating numerous factors related to dishonesty. Since people typically hide their dishonest behavior, it is difficult to measure the factors' causal influence only by data observed in the real world ([@B71]; [@B58]; [@B36]). Studies therefore... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Revised. Amendments from Version 2
==================================
Grammatical errors and typos have been corrected, especially in the abstract section. The term \"adverse events\" has been used instead of \"adverse effects\".
Background
==========
Ayurveda is one of the most renowned traditional systems of medic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
GPCRs are known to play a crucial role in the development and progression of major diseases such as cardiovascular, respiratory, gastrointestinal, neurological, psychiatric, metabolic and endocrinological disorders \[[@R1]\]. Fluorescent calcium indicators, such as Fluo-3 and Fluo-4, have bee... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The role of EuroSCORE II (ES II) in risk prediction after on pump CABG X off pump (OPCAB) is unknown. Our aim was to evaluate and compare predictive power of ES II on pump X OPCAB.
Methods
=======
All consecutive pts for CABG (Jan 2010-Dec 2012). Choice of technique was based on anatomic and cl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Background {#cesec10}
==========
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a novel zoonotic coronavirus that can cause an acute respiratory illness in humans, known as COVID-19.[@bib1] COVID-19 is a global health problem not only because of the rapid human-to-human transmission but also because o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer worldwide. Despite progresses in the screening allowing for early diagnosis and definitive surgical removing of the localized tumors, about 30% of patients presents with advanced disease involving liver in more than 50% of cases \[[@R1]\... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Many common human diseases and complex traits are highly heritable and are believed to be influenced by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) represent a powerful way for discovering disease-associated factors and investigating the genetic ar... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Passivated emitter and rear cells (PERCs) have emerged as a promising technology for both high efficiency and competitive cost in recent years. The most difference between the PERC and the traditional full-aluminum back surface field silicon solar cell is rear passivation of wafers. C... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Radicular pain in lumbar region is a symptom which can have many causes such as herniated nucleus pulposus, migrated disc fragment, lumbar stenosis, facet joint syndrome, malignancy and/or infection.[@b1-rado-48-01-35],[@b2-rado-48-01-35] Intraspinal synovial cysts are among uncommon causes.[... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
*Leishmania* protozoan parasites shuttle between the sand fly vector, where they multiply as free promastigotes in the gut lumen, and mammalian hosts where they proliferate as obligatory intracellular amastigotes in mononuclear phagocytes [@pone.0033161-Handman1]. Leishmaniases constitu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Strengths and limitations of this study
- This qualitative evidence synthesis is the first to collect and review the existing qualitative research about general practitioners' (GPs\') perceptions of managing chronic heart failure in primary care.
- Knowledge in this area is recent: all of the included arti... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
This is my last editorial as the Editor-in-Chief of *Psychiatry Investigation*. It has been a pleasure and honor that important milestones such as indexing by the Science Citation Index-Expanded in April 2009, the Pubmed Central in December 2009, and the Social Science Citation Index in April 2012, were achieved during... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
In many families suspected to present an inherited form of cancer, analyses focused on genes known to be involved in Mendelian predisposition to cancer often remain negative, despite a personal and/or familial history strongly suggestive of a genetic determinism. Therefore, other pathways involved in cancer genetics re... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
We thank Kovacs *et al*. for their editorial [@B15] on our recent publication [@B1] regarding the influence of microbubble (MB) dose on acute inflammatory response (AIR) following focused ultrasound (FUS)-induced increases in blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We wish to address key points of disparity in interpre... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
ANNOUNCEMENT {#s1}
============
Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus \[GBS\]), a commensal species in the gastrointestinal and genitourinary tracts of nearly 30% to 40% of healthy human adults, is also the most common cause of neonatal and obstetric sepsis ([@B1]). This changing epidemiology of invasive dis... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Background {#Sec1}
==========
The process of DNA methylation is the selective addition of a methyl group to cytosine to form 5-cytosine under the action of DNA methyltransferase (Dnmt). DNA methylation primarily occurs symmetrically at the cytosine residues that are followed by guanine (CpG) on both DNA strands, and 7... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
The structure of the interior of dendrimers, that is the local arrangement and packing of the segments of the dendrons, has fascinated researchers from the early days of these regularly branched macromolecules.[@cit1] Questions raised include whether (i) there exists a radial density gradient... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Schulz JM, Al‐Khazraji BK, Shoemaker JK. Sodium nitroglycerin induces middle cerebral artery vasodilatation in young, healthy adults. Exp Physiol. 2018;103:1047--1055. 10.1113/EP087022
**Funding**
This study was supported by the Canadian Institutes for Health Research (CIHR grant ID: 201503MOP‐342412‐MOV‐CEEA) held b... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is considered the most common preventable cause of hospital-related death \[[@B1]\]. Before preventive measures for VTE were implemented, it was estimated that 10% of hospital deaths were associated with VTE \[[@B2]\]. Moreover, patients who survive the early event pr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#sec1-1}
============
Stones in the urinary system are known since antiquity with the earliest report in an Egyptian mummy and a reference to stone disease in the Hippocratic oath.\[[@ref1]\] The exact pathogenesis or physicochemical mechanism for urolithiasis is still not firmly established. Randall fir... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Mesenchymal chondrosarcomas (MC) were initially described by Lichtenstein and Bernstein more than 50 years ago as rare tumors that affect the bone tissue \[[@CR1]\], other case reports followed from the surgical department of the Mayo Clinic in Rochester, USA \[[@CR2]\]. Pathologists sepa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
In the past few decades, diabetes mellitus (DM) has rapidly increased in the world. It has been estimated that the number of diabetic patients will more than double within 20 years. DM is mainly characterized by the development of increased morbidity and mortality due to cardiovascular diseas... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
In recent years, valve-in-valve (VIV) transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) procedures for correction of degenerated aortic bioprostheses appeared to be a feasible and satisfactory option for patients deemed at high risk for redo surgery \[[@CR1]\]. However, the efficacy of this ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Our soils are confronted with an unprecedented change: due to anthropogenic influence the climate is globally changing but also new threats of contamination are emerging ([@B4]; [@B19]). These changes act upon the soil system with far-reaching but poorly understood consequences on soil ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
The human face represents a multi-dimensional set of correlated, mostly symmetric, complex phenotypes with high heritability. This is illustrated by a large degree of facial similarity between monozygotic twins and, albeit less so, between other relatives ([@bib26]), stable facial featu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Zhang J, Wang S, Xue Y. Fecal specimen diagnosis 2019 novel coronavirus--infected pneumonia. J Med Virol. 2020;1--3. 10.1002/jmv.25742 31502247
1. INTRODUCTION {#jmv25742-sec-0010}
===============
In December 2019, a new coronavirus (COVID‐19) pneumonia outbreak occurred in Wuhan, China.[^1^](#jmv25742-bib-0001){ref-... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
The dynamics of the diabetes and hyperlipidemia are changing rapidly in low- to middle-income countries. In 2030, diabetes may affect 472 million (approx.) of world populations. The number of adult with impaired glucose tolerance may rise from 344 million (2010) to 472 million by 20... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Telomeres are guanine-rich repeated sequences located at the ends of chromosomes. They function as a biological clock limiting the cell proliferation potential with every next cell division (Hayflick limit) \[[@CR1]\]. This phenomenon is accompanied by cell senescence, mitotic crisis,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Synthetic biology is becoming a promising alternative to synthetic chemistry and has enormous implications for the production of natural products, fine and bulk chemicals, drugs, biofuels, etc. \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. *Escherichia coli* has proved to be one of the most important platform micr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-molecules-25-00411}
===============
*Sophora alopecuroides* L. is a traditional Chinese herbal plant, known as "Ku-Dou-Zi" in China, and is a perennial herbaceous plant in the Leguminosae family, which is widely distributed in the deserts of northern China, especially in the Xinjiang and Ningxia... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#S0001}
==========
Mkuranga District is one of the six districts of Tanzania′s Coast Region. It is about 50 km South of Dar es Salaam, along the Kibiti - Lindi highway, connecting Tanzania to Mozambique. In 2002, its population was about 197,900 people \[[@CIT0001]\]. Mkuranga population was by then served... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Cerium (Ce) with an atomic number of 58 is one of the most abundant lanthanide metals. Cerium has wide applications for its intriguing mechanical, physical, and chemical properties. It is known that machined surface morphology of metal parts has a strong influence on their functionality, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Shanchao Luo and Tongmeng Jiang contributed equally to this article
ANOVA
: analysis of variance
CFU
: colony‐forming unit
dual carrier‐v
: PMMA/calcium sulfate carrying vancomycin
M‐H
: Mueller‐Hinton
NB
: nutrient broth
PMMA
: poly(methyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate)
PMMA‐n
: vancomycin‐... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Citation {#SECID0EOF}
========
Zhao Q-H, Xu W, Yin Z-W (2019) A new species of *Linan* Hlaváč (Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae) from Shenzhen, China. ZooKeys 859: 63--68. [https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.859.35465](10.3897/zookeys.859.35465)
Introduction {#SECID0EPG}
============
The Oriental genus *Linan* Hl... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Synergy between percutaneous coronary intervention with taxus and cardiac surgery score (SYNTAX Score) is available as an anatomical-based tool for objectively determining the complexity of coronary artery disease (CAD), which was initially intended to predict the successfulness of perc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Hunter Syndrome (Mucopolysaccharidosis type II, MPS II) is a rare, X-linked, inherited, lysosomal storage disorder with an estimated incidence of 1.3 in 100.000 male newborns \[[@CR1]\]. It is due to the deficit of activity of the lysosomal enzyme iduronate 2-sulfatase (IDS), normally deg... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The prevalence rate of musculoskeletal pain (MSP) in adolescents in the general population ranges from 4% to 40% \[[@CR1]\]. In school-aged youth, the point prevalence of lower back pain is 10.2% and the lifetime prevalence is 28.8% \[[@CR2]\]. MSP in youth is associated with functional d... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Dear Editor,
Hemichorea-hemiballismus is characterized by unilateral, brief, unpredictable involuntary movements of one side of the body (upper and lower limbs and sometimes also affecting the face). The most common causes for this condition are strokes, hyperglycemia-associated hemichorea-hemiballismus, and other foc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The global prevalence of intellectual disabilities was 10.37 per 1,000 populations \[[@B1]\]. In the end of 2011, there were 98,046 people with intellectual disabilities, accounting for 0.4% of the total population in Taiwan \[[@B2]\]. According to a survey conducted in 2006, 89.5% of people with... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
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Introduction
============
Procedures, skills, and tacit knowledge are involved in almost every aspect of our everyday activities: from perception and action to language, social behavior, and problem solving. Skillful performance evolves through practice, and is implied by improved performance relative to the baseline ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Primary angiitis of the central nervous system (PACNS) can be defined as vasculitis affecting exclusively the central nervous system (CNS) without systemic disease. It is a rare disease of unclear etiology with an estimated incidence of 2.4 per 1,000,000 \[[@B1]\]. It manifests clinically wit... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Heart attack and stroke are leading causes of death globally. The World Health Organisation estimates that 7.3 million deaths globally were due to coronary heart disease and 6.2 million were due to stroke in 2008 \[[@B1]\]. By 2030, almost 23.6 million people will die from cardi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Disease outbreaks and vaccination uptake {#Sec2}
----------------------------------------
Childhood vaccination is a critical and highly effective component of maintaining public health. Rates of immunization have remained generally high in developed countries, but persistent clustering ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
In many Western countries, the incidence of esophageal adenocarcinoma has risen more rapidly than in any other cancer over the past four decades \[**[@R1]**\].
If Barrett esophagus (BE) is present, the risque of development esophageal adenocarcinoma is significantly higher.
BE is ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Skeletal muscle is a heterogeneous tissue made up of different fiber types, in which glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation for energy production takes place \[[@B1-molecules-17-09081]\]. Skeletal muscle oxidative capacity is determined by mitochondrial biogenesis \[[@B2... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Microevolution is defined as any evolutionary changes below the species level. It is the study of short-term changes within a population or a species of its alleles (alternative genes) and their effects on the phenotype of organisms that make up that population. The result of the below-species-le... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Severe postpartum hemorrhage (PPH) is a major cause of maternal mortality and morbidity,^\[[@R1],[@R2]\]^ and is increasing in incidence worldwide.^\[[@R3],[@R4]\]^ Hemorrhage is the cause of 12% to 18% of deaths during pregnancy,^\[[@R5]--[@R7]\]^ and emergency hysterectomy is increasi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
1. Prologue {#sec1-ijms-20-05732}
===========
A eukaryotic chromosome is the best known decisively-packaged product of evolution. The marvel of the packaging of chromosomal DNA by nucleosomes not only condenses the genetic material but also organizes the genome, its millions of years' worth of evolutionary facts in a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Abbreviations used: GEF, guanine exchange factor; GPCR, G protein--coupled receptor; HUVEC, human umbilical vein endothelial cell; LAD, leukocyte adhesion deficiency; NMD, nonsense-mediated decay; PAF, platelet-activating factor; PLC, phospholipase C; SNP, single-nucleotide polymorphism.
R. Pasvolsky, S.W. Feigelson, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Melatonin, a hormone synthesized and secreted from the pineal gland mainly at night, was isolated and purified from the bovine pineal gland by Lerner *et al* \[[@B1-ijms-15-17304]\]. Its secretion is controlled by the light:dark cycle in such a manner that it is released in large amount... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), the most common adult leukemia in the West, is a clinically heterogeneous disease.^[@b1-1030865]^ At one end of the spectrum, CLL patients present with an indolent disease that does not require therapy for decades. At the other end of the spectrum, patients... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
A worldwide consensus exists that child labor should be eradicated and that it is in the interest of both the children and the country as a whole that all children go to school (UNICEF [@CR66]; Sen [@CR60]; Barro [@CR2]; Case [@CR16]; World Bank [@CR68]). Hence, during the last decade... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
When Francisco Azuaje, in charge of the Reviews Section of *Biomedical Engineering On-Line*, proposed this book to the Editorial Board, I had immediately the inner feeling that the job was worthwhile. When the copy reached me and I browsed it, I said to myself, \"boy, this is good!\", and I took it with me to Havanna, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is an increasingly used noninvasive method of stimulating neural pathways in the awake human brain. rTMS can induce significant excitability changes within the cortex that outlast the period of stimulation ([@r37]). Of particular interest is... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Subjective reports of difficult sleeping are prevalent in middle-aged women undergoing the menopausal transition. Sleep problems are reported in 39--47% of perimenopausal women, and 35--60% of postmenopausal women from the data presented at the NIH State-of-the-Science Conferenc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .514}
{#sp2 .515}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Over the past decade, high-throughput technologies and advancements in computational biology have made it possible to determine genotypes and complete human DNA sequences at a continued reduction of cost, and these technologies have been used to determine numerous variants associated with various... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Picornaviruses are single-stranded positive-sense RNA viruses that can cause a variety of diseases in humans and animals. Based on genotypic and serological characterization, picornaviruses are divided into 26 genera, including *Aphthovirus*, *Aquamavirus*, *Avihepatovirus*, *Avisivirus, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Insulin and insulin-like peptides regulate development, growth, reproduction, metabolism, stress resistance and lifespan in animals from *Caenorhabditis elegans* to mammals [@pone.0015780-Baker1], [@pone.0015780-Brogiolo1], [@pone.0015780-Giannakou1], [@pone.0015780-Gminard1], [@pone.00... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
*Lycoris aurea* (L' Hér) Herb is a popular ornamental species of Amaryllidaceae plant widely distributed in China. It belongs to the genus *Lycoris* and the bulbs are very durable, tolerating the extremes of drought and waterlogging, as well as poor soil conditions. *Lycoris* species poss... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
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