text stringlengths 1 1.05M | meta dict |
|---|---|
{.737}
{.738}
{.739}
{.740}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
The Wnt-signaling network triggered by morphogens of the Wnt protein family is involved in numerous developmental processes. A recent milestone in the Wnt research field was the deciphering of the crystal structure of a Wnt/Fz complex \[[@CR1]\]. Wnt molecules consist of 22 to 24 highly c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#S1}
============
Cryptosporidiosis is caused by *Cryptosporidium*, which has a broad range of hosts and worldwide distribution. The *Cryptosporidium* species can infect human beings as well as other animals; it is mainly located in the epithelial cells of the gastrointestinal tract, and is likely in the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR), first described by \[[@CR1]\] and implemented as technique by \[[@CR2]\], has become a broadly used technology in molecular biology in the last decades. The amplification of specific DNA in a given sample is a central technique important for many scientifi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Herbal medicine formulae with unique advantages have been widely used for thousands of years based on the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory, a combined therapeutic system in fighting disease \[[@B1]\]. Generally, a formula is composed of several Chinese herba... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
**Core tip:** We describe new findings on the overexpression of lncRNACNN3-206 in intestinal lesions of Crohn's disease (CD) patients by high throughput sequencing. Moreover, forced overexpression of lncRNACNN3-206 led to apoptosis of Caco-2 and HT-29 cells. Since the 3\' end of lncRNACNN3-206 and the 3' UTR of Caspase... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Amidst the widespread threat of parasitism, hosts persist with the help of several lines of defence ([@b26]). The first line of defence is achieved through resistance mechanisms that prevent infections from establishing (anti-infection resistance). There is a great diversity of mechanisms tha... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The authors confirm that all data underlying the findings are fully available without restriction. The Movielens data is publicly available in [www.Grouplens.com](http://www.Grouplens.com). The Netflix data is publicly available in [www.netflix.com](http://www.netflix.com). The RYM data is publicly available in [www.ra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The ancient Greeks Hippocrates (460 to 357 BC), Galen (131 to 201 AD) and Areteus from Kappadokia introduced the terms melancholia and mania. Hippocrates was the first to describe melancholia, which is the Greek word for \'black bile\', and simultaneously postulated a biochemical origin according... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Pancreatic β-cells are the key cell type governing blood glucose homeostasis thanks to their ability to sense changes in nutrient levels and their capacity to adapt the amount of insulin they secrete to match metabolic needs[@b1][@b2]. β-cell glucose responsiveness is achieved through tight coupling of insulin exocytos... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.502}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Human Mas receptor (MasR) was described 30 years ago as a G protein--coupled receptor (GPCR) with transforming activity \[[@pone.0183278.ref001]\]. Currently, it is classified as a class A orphan GPCR \[[@... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Chronic sleep restriction and acute sleep deprivation affect many Americans with a substantial proportion of the population reporting less than the recommended seven to nine hours of sleep per night ([@b22-ijes-11-5-84]). The effects of sleep deprivation on motor and cognitive performance var... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
It is often assumed that ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs) are important, as these sounds are emitted in several behavioral contexts, like during sexual behavior, rough and tumble play and aggressive interactions \[[@pone.0144164.ref001]--[@pon... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Since late twentieth Century, rates of urbanization have increased dramatically worldwide, particularly in developing countries. This phenomenon is particularly apparent in China, where much of the expansion is due to internal rural-to-urban migration. Those who have left their hometowns ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The gene expression data is from public data sets available at the Gene Expression Omnibus. The experiment accessions are available in S1 Table. The raw data can be downloaded with the experiment accessions using the Bioconductor package GEOquery (<https://bioconductor.org/packages/release/bioc/html/GEOquery.html>). Th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec001}
============
Complement cascade consisting of more than 30 proteins is a part of innate immune system. Complement is typically activated through three distinct pathways, the "classical", the "lectin" and the "alte... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{.456}
{.457}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Correction to: International Journal of Clinical Pharmacy 10.1007/s11096-018-0654-4 {#Sec1}
===================================================================================
The article Ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761^®^ versus pentoxifylline in chronic tinnitus: a randomized, double-blind clinical trial, written by K... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
The incidence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is increasing rapidly. T2DM is a serious disease affecting quality of life and has become a health problem worldwide \[[@pone.0161649.ref001]\]. Diabetic re... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
*Klebsiella pneumonia* (*KP*) has been reported as the second overall cause of gram-negative bloodstream infections (BSIs) after *Escherichia coli*.^\[[@R1]\]^*KP* is a common pathogen that causes infections of the bloodstream, urinary tract, lungs, intra-abdominal, and other sites.^\[[... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
In Denmark, women aged 23--49 years are invited to a cervical screening every 3 years and women aged 50--64 years every 5 years \[[@CR1]\]. Liquid-based cytology samples are collected by their general practitioner \[[@CR2]\], and women with severe abnormalities are referred directly to a ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The transformation from natural ecosystems to agricultural land use and its continued intensification has led to extensive losses in biodiversity and ecosystem services[@b1] resulting in the degradation of human well being[@b2]. The transformation of lowland tropical rainforest to oil palm (*Elaeis guineensis* Jacq.) p... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Sir,
In their award winning research paper published in IJCM, Kakade *et al.*([@CIT1]) have successfully demonstrated the application of logistic regression techniques in identifying the predictors of prognosis in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI). We conducted a study at a tertiary care Hospital in Goa ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .273}
{#sp2 .274}
{#sp3 .275}
{#sp4 .276}
{#sp5 .277}
{#sp6 .278}
{#sp7 .279}
{#sp8 .280}
![](medchirrev90... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Chromium in trivalent form is a trace metal that humans require as an important bioelement for its exceptional role in metabolic processes \[[@B1]\]. On the other hand, the hexavalent form of Cr \[Cr(VI)\] is a toxic form and is reported to have deleterious health effects on the... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Every year, approximately 300,000 children are diagnosed with cancer worldwide ([@B46]). Although there has been a huge improvement in survival rates in the last decades -- with currently a 5-year survival rate of 83.9% ([@B37]) -- the psychosocial impact of childhood cancer cannot be underes... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Food security is an urgent global issue for ensuring sustainable food supply for the current and future generations. Climate change adversely affects the global agricultural system, and thus increases the risk of food shortage[@b1][@b2]. Mining and biodiversity utilisation should be a potential promising strategy to pr... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
Subcutaneous phaeohyphomycosis is not a common fungal infection of the dermis and subcutaneous tissues. It is caused by dematiaceous fungi, and it is believed to result from the traumatic implantation of the fungi into the subcutaneous tissue \[[@bib1],[@bib2]\]. This form of in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Der dringend notwendige Ausbau der Versorgungskapazität eines Wasserversorgers im äthiopischen Grenzgebiet zum Südsudan hat begonnen. Mit ihm verbessern sich die Lebensbedingungen von \> 210.000 Flüchtlingen und ca. 40.0000 Einwohnern in der Gambella-Region. Die Aufklärungsarbeit vor Ort mindert situationsbedingte loka... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Globally, one in 10 deaths in children under the age of five years results from diarrhoea, with the majority occurring in sub-Saharan Africa and South East Asia \[[@CR1]\]. Diarrhoea is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in under-five children in South Africa, however th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
Mathematical models of infectious diseases and most especially those based on the calculation of R~0~, the basic reproductive number, have proved to be very powerful and robust in interpreting epidemiological trends, most notably for viral and macro-parasitic diseases \[[@B1]\]. However, despite ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#S1}
===============
This is a review of progress on the role of CART peptides specifically in the area of drug abuse. It covers the last five to six years, and the papers discussed were identified in a PubMed search using the terms "CART peptides (CARTp)" and "cocaine and amphetamine regulated transc... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Habitat destruction and degradation are considered the most important threats for wild populations, but the effects produced by the overall habitat loss are often complex to understand because many impacting factors do not act separately, but rather they play cumulatively or interactively (Gi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
{#sp1 .91}
{#sp2 .92}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-18-01870}
===============
Covalent modification of DNA plays a key role in the initiation phase of chemically induced carcinogenesis \[[@B1-ijms-18-01870],[@B2-ijms-18-01870]\]. Modifications, typically referred to as DNA adducts, if not repaired can lead to genomic instability that may res... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Unlike small inguinal and femoral bladder hernias, massive bladder hernias into the scrotum, also named scrotal cystoceles, are rare. We describe and discuss the clinical appearance and management of a patient with a micturation related unilateral swelling of the scrotum.
Case report... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a major worldwide health problem infecting about 2 billion people and causing chronic hepatitis in up to 400 million.\[[@ref1][@ref2]\] Undesirable outcomes of chronic HBV infection include hepatic decompensation, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma, which cause great morbidity and mortal... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction
===============
Croup, a common respiratory tract disease in young children, involves generalized airway inflammation and edema of the airway mucosa, including that of the larynx, trachea, and bronchus.^\[[@R1],[@R2]\]^ Croup requires clinical diagnosis; it may cause airway obstruction characterized by... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Oral factor Xa (FXa) inhibitors, a class of the direct-acting oral anticoagulants approved for prevention of stroke and systemic embolism in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation and treatment and prevention of venous thromboembolism, consistently have been shown to be noninferior to warfarin in clinical trials evaluating th... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#j_iss-2019-0013_s_001}
============
During the 1980s the transanal access was significantly promoted by the introduction of the transanal endoscopic microsurgery (TEM) procedure by Buess et al. \[[@j_iss-2019-0013_ref_001]\], \[[@j_iss-2019-0013_ref_002]\], \[[@j_iss-2019-0013_ref_003]\]. Initially limi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent levels of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity that interfere with development or functioning.^[@bib1]^ The estimated prevalence of ADHD in the United States is approximately 10.2% of children and ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .338}
{#sp2 .339}
{#sp3 .340}
{#sp4 .341}
{#sp5 .342}
{#sp6 .343}
{#sp7 .344}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-nutrients-12-01172}
===============
Lengthening life and slowing the process of aging is a dream of mankind. Only very few interventions are known to increase lifespan reproducibly. Among them, dietary or caloric restriction is outstanding, because its efficacy has been shown in a great number o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Gas hydrates, or clathrates, are ice-like compounds that form when hydrocarbon-based guest molecules are trapped in hydrogen-bonded water cages that form under high pressures and low temperatures [@pone.0008953-Kvenvolden1]. Natural gas hydrates most commonly exist as one of two structu... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Sputum smear examination of acid-fast bacilli (AFB) is the cornerstone of tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis worldwide. Before the HIV epidemic, AFB smear-negative TB was diagnosed in a smaller proportion of TB patients than it is today and was regarded as earlier or less severe disease [@pone... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
The primary cilium is a microtubule-based organelle that projects from the surface of a wide variety of cells. It acts as an antenna to sense extracellular cues and regulates numerous signaling pathways such as Hedgehog and Wnt ([@B7]; [@B2]). Defects in primary ciliogenesis are associated wi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) may be one of the most effective tools for biodiversity conservation [@pone.0063525-Botsford1], [@pone.0063525-Halpern1], but are somewhat controversial for fisheries management as they tend to displace rather than reduce fishing effort [@pone.0063525-Beare... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
BM‐MSC
: bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
EDTA
: ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
hBM‐MSC
: human bone marrow‐derived mesenchymal stem cells
H&E
: hematoxylin and eosin
MAPK
: MAP kinase
MCAO
: middle cerebral occlusion
MSC
: mesenchymal stem cells
NF‐kB
: nuclear factor kappa B
... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Osteolysis represents a major pathological process that occurs during aseptic prosthetic loosening and osteoporosis, and is characterized by regional bone loss, inflammation, and bone demineralization. Total joint replacement is a successful surgical procedure to restore joint function and to... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-animals-09-00658}
===============
In Australia, the majority of breeding sows are housed in farrowing crates prior to and during parturition, where they remain until their piglets are weaned \[[@B1-animals-09-00658]\]. Once weaning is complete, there are two main management strategies employed; ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
A major challenge in large-scale gene expression studies is the biological interpretation of the observed expression patterns. Gene set analysis identifies expression changes in functionally related genes and it is considered to be a way of improving understanding of the underlying biology \[[@B1... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#sec1-1}
==========
Hearing impairment affects 11 million people in the UK.^[@ref1]^ Most have acquired hearing impairment, which predominantly affects older people.^[@ref1]^ A minority experience pre-lingual deafness, with onset of severe or profound hearing impairment before speech development. There is ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
McCune-Albright syndrome (MAS) is a rare, intriguing, genetic disorder characterized by excessive activity of multiple hormones and other mediators that signal through cAMP. The original description by Fuller Albright included the triad of precocious puberty, café-au-lait skin spots, and poly... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Classic nonhomologous end-joining (NHEJ) is one of the two major pathways for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) ([@B1]). The factors involved in this conserved pathway are the DNA-dependent kinase complex (DNA-PKcs) and Ku heterodimer, the DNA ligase complex (DNA ligase IV, XRCC4, Cernunnos/XLF), and a DNA ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is well-known as a disorder affecting children, even though symptoms often persist until adulthood ([@B1]). Impairments in executive function, e.g., difficulties to sustain attention, increased distractibility, or reduced control of respon... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .610}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Therapies, specially the external therapies are an integral part of the Comprehensive Ayurveda Care. With the growing trend of globalization and wider acceptance of Ayurveda across the globe, these therapies have come under the limelight. Unlike olden days, today the awareness about different safety and hygiene issues ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-16-23651}
===============
Since the discovery of the human genome, technological advances have enabled scientists to study the whole genome in detail and its implication in physiology and pathology. In the early 1960s, it was estimated that the human genome consisted of at least two million... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Ovarian cancer is the most lethal gynecologic cancer. Any screening test or early detection of symptom was not shown to effectively reduce mortality of the disease. In addition to epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), which consists of more than 85% of ovarian cancer, there are less common histopa... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Every day, a lot of interpersonal interactions take place between a teacher and an individual student. Based on these interactions, the teacher and student are believed to develop mental representations of the relationship with the other person ([@B10]; [@B38]). Especially concerning conflictual teacher-student relatio... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Revised. Amendments from Version 1
==================================
We thank all reviewers for their comments and suggestions. In response to Prof. Reto Strasser's suggestions, we have made modifications for some expressions of the JIP test nomenclature used in this article.
We have added three more parameters in t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The *Deinococcaceae*are a small family within the domain *Bacteria*that are distinguished by their ability to tolerate DNA double strand breaks \[[@B1],[@B2]\]. There are eleven validly described species and seven of these tolerate what for most microorganisms is a sterilizing dose of ionizing ra... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .225}
{#sp2 .227}
{#sp3 .228}
{#sp4 .229}
{#sp5 .230}
{#sp6 .231}
{#sp7 .232}
{#sp8 .233}
{#sp9 .23... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
A cumulative subject index will appear in the December 1977 issue for the year 1977.
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Adoptive immunotherapy using chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) to target tumor-associated antigens represents a novel approach for the treatment of hematological malignancies. In particular, CD19.CAR-T cells promoted substantial clinical responses in the patients with refractory or re... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
The choice of entry and access to any brainstem lesion is one of the most difficult surgical decisions. In general, surgery is only beneficial for focal, exophytic, or cervicomedullary tumors. The surgery should obtain enough tissue for histological analysis. Surgery is aimed at complete resection when this is judged t... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease which causes high mortality and morbidity, accounting 20% of all stroke cases^[@CR1]--[@CR3]^. After hemorrhage, the hematoma formation and expansion induce directly brain parenchyma damage through mechanical effect at an early st... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The search for new materials and phenomena that enable, e.g., energy efficient sensors or memories, is a major driver for research in magnetism. Particularly, the emerging field of spin caloritronics^[@CR1],\ [@CR2]^ combines spintronics and thermoelectrics, and provides a variety of ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#s1}
============
Laparotomy was replaced by laparoscopy for many procedures. With advances in techniques, tools and materials, new methods of minilaparoscopy and single-access surgery (SAS) for umbilical, vaginal or other natural orifices evolved. Abdominal extraction of surgical specimens is not possib... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
###### Learning Point of the Article:
In the case of an unsuccessful closed reduction of a talus dislocation, open reduction is crucial in order to avoid further damage of the soft-tissue.
Introduction {#sec1-1}
============
Ligamentous injuries involving the ankle joint are relatively common, while closed total tal... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-microorganisms-08-01035}
===============
Brucellosis is a global zoonotic disease affecting cattle, sheep, goats, camels, pigs and wildlife as well as humans. It is well controlled in many countries but is still endemic in many others with high records in humans in the Middle East and central As... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Spirometry can indicate various lung diseases and help determine their treatment and prognosis.[@b1-copd-11-369] The role of spirometry values, including forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV~1~) and the ratio of FEV~1~ to forced vital capacity (FEV~1~/FVC), is well established in the dia... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
All relevant data are within the paper and its Supporting Information files.
Introduction {#sec005}
============
Intracranial aneurysms are pathological dilatations of the cerebral arteries, which are present in 2%--5% of the general population and the annual risk of rupture was 0.7%--1.9%, causing subarachnoid hemor... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .28}
{#sp2 .29}
{#sp3 .30}
{#sp4 .31}
{#sp5 .32}
{#sp6 .33}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Rib fractures are very common in patients with thoracic trauma and nowadays still associated with significant morbidity and mortality due to the underlying injuries to the lung and heart resulting in more pulmonary complications \[[@CR1]--[@CR4]\]. Compared to multiple rib fractures, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Primary hypothyroidism is a disorder defined by an increased thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) level, which may or may not be accompanied by a decreased thyroid hormone (TH) level, T3 and T4 ([@B1]). The most common causes of hypothyroidism are autoimmune destruction of the thyroid, thy... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION {#SEC1}
============
Reprogramming of somatic cells directly into neurons has previously been achieved by overexpression of transcription factors (TFs) ([@B1]) and by TFs in combination with microRNA's ([@B4],[@B5]). Small molecules can induce neuronal reprogramming on their own ([@B6],[@B7]) or can signi... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
The centrosome is an asymmetric organelle comprised of a daughter centriole, a mother centriole, pericentriolar material, and pericentriolar satellites. The older, mother centriole is distinguished by distal appendages (DA) and sub-distal appendages (SDA), whereas the younger centriol... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
*Streptococcus pneumoniae*, the main pathogen that causes respiratory infections in children younger than five years, can cause various pneumococcal diseases, such as otitis media, sinusitis, pneumonia, meningitis, pleurisy, and bacteremia. Pneumococcal disease has been a major public health prob... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Evidence suggests that both the geometry and thus the mechanical properties of long bones adapt to the mechanical load they are exposed to [@pone.0094525-Main1]--[@pone.0094525-Schulte1]. In the absence of an easy way to assess *in vivo* mechanical loads acting on bones, bone geometry, ... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Zinc-alpha-2-glycoprotein (ZAG) is a 41-kDa glycoprotein assigned to the Major Histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I family of proteins[@b1] and is a soluble protein first identified in human blood which represents 0.2% of total serum protein[@b2]. Initially ZAG was thought to originate solely from tumors, but later... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .186}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1}
===============
The first contact lenses were constructed from glass. In 1936, the American company Rohm and Haas introduced transparent plastic PMMA (Polymethyl methacrylate) lenses. In 1955, Wichterle and Lim, two chemists from Prague, invented PHEMA (hydroxyethyl methacrylate), and this mate... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{#sp1 .351}
{#sp2 .352}
{#sp3 .353}
{#sp4 .354}
| {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#sec1}
============
Chilli thrips, *Scirtothrips dorsalis* Hood (Thysanoptera: Thripidae), a recent invader in the Caribbean and southeastern United States, has emerged as a significant pest of landscape ornamental plants and poses a risk to several economically important agricultural crops ([@bibr30], [... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background
==========
The completed sequence of numerous vertebrate genomes has enabled rapid gene annotation across species using orthologous relationships. This approach is feasible because purifying selection, acting on the open reading frames of coding exons and aimed at preserving encoded protein sequences, minim... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Falls are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in older adults, and the management of falls in these individuals is costly. The incidence and prevalence of falls, and the severity of complications following a fall increase steadily after the age of 60 \[[@CR1], [@CR2]\]. In high incom... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Regeneration and reconnection of the injured nerves are still challenging tasks despite the stunning progress in both material development and micro-surgical procedures. Transplantation of the stem cells and/or supporting cells expected to provide a natural way of functional recovery,... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
1. Introduction {#sec1-ijms-20-05341}
===============
Calcium (Ca^2+^) is an universal and vital intracellular messenger involved in a diverse range of cellular and biological processes \[[@B1-ijms-20-05341]\] extending from bone formation and neurotransmission to hormone secretion \[[@B2-ijms-20-05341]\] and muscle c... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Optical sensors, where the properties of a target sample are inferred from light scattered or absorbed by it, are important for applications in diverse fields including security, environmental monitoring, bioanalytics, and diagnostics ([@R1]--[@R4]). Because these sensors operate in the optic... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#Sec1}
============
Portal hypertension (PHT) is a frequent manifestation of liver cirrhosis (LC), and it can cause various pathological changes in the entire gastrointestinal (GI) tract (from the esophagus to the anus) \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. Associated changes in the stomach and colon are well described in... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s001}
============
Periampullary tumors are neoplasms within or around the ampulla of Vater and include pancreatic, bile duct, ampullary, and duodenal primaries. Working up the various types of periampullary tumors, and making an accurate preoperative diagnosis, can be challenging.^[@B1],[@B2]^ Intraope... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Background
----------
The imbalance between the supply and demand for medical services has caused conflicts in the patient-doctor relationship, especially because the health awareness of patients has dramatically increased in recent years \[[@ref1]\]. With the development of online health co... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction
============
Most commonly known for their role in the elicitation of IgE-mediated allergic inflammation, mast cells have been implicated in a range of other non-allergic inflammatory processes. Observations such as the close physical proximity between mast cells and T cells in inflamed tissues and the ca... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Introduction {#s1}
============
Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is classically defined by the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway and by the emergence of rigidity, tremor, and bradykinesia (Braak et al., [@B7]; Jankovic, [@B35]). However, PD is also accompanied by non-motor symptoms, includin... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
INTRODUCTION
============
Emotional disorder is psychological and behavioral problems of emotional domain that is different from cognitive domain, such as thought and memory ([@b1-jer-10-4-205]; [@b2-jer-10-4-205]). Typical emotional disorders are anxiety disorder, depression, and bipolar disorder. Symptoms of emotion... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
{
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} | |
Background {#Sec1}
==========
Body image is a subjective image about one's own body that plays a critical role in the perception of the physical self and the formation and representation of self-concept \[[@CR1]--[@CR3]\]. The body image can be divided into the 'perceptual body image', meaning an accurate perception o... | {
"pile_set_name": "PubMed Central"
} |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.