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e4f80834-95c6-48b0-a364-d9ab46963406
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms" ]
Victims’ rights 51.The Committee notes the State Party’s statement that, under article 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the concept of victim includes any person who has personally suffered harm as the direct result of an offence and that a civil action for damages may be brought by any duly registered person or as...
51. The Committee notes the State Party’s statement that, under article 2 of the Code of Criminal Procedure, the concept of victim includes any person who has personally suffered harm as the direct result of an offence and that a civil action for damages may be brought by any duly registered person or association that,...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: e4f80834-95c6-48b0-a364-d9ab46963406
c24d4e46-7f30-44a4-a27f-7eb337503154
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Legal & institutional reform", "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Victims’ rights 52. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Ensure that any individual who has suffered harm as a direct result of enforced disappearance has access to a system of adequate, comprehensive reparation, as provided for under article 24 (4) and (5) of the Convention and other relevant internation...
52. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Ensure that any individual who has suffered harm as a direct result of enforced disappearance has access to a system of adequate, comprehensive reparation, as provided for under article 24 (4) and (5) of the Convention and other relevant international standards, th...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: c24d4e46-7f30-44a4-a27f-7eb337503154
29aee3d3-afd0-4588-b990-e485109384ec
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives 53.The Committee notes the procedure put in place by the State Party to determine the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives, which provides for the issuance...
53. The Committee notes the procedure put in place by the State Party to determine the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives, which provides for the issuance of a declaration of absence after two years or a declaration of death after seven years. However, g...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 29aee3d3-afd0-4588-b990-e485109384ec
18108292-9d2d-41b5-ac89-f406e341cbe8
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives 54. The Committee recommends that the State Party issue regulations address ing the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives, in full compliance with article 2...
54. The Committee recommends that the State Party issue regulations addressing the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives, in full compliance with article 24 (6) of the Convention, including by ensuring that there is never a requirement of a declaration that...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 18108292-9d2d-41b5-ac89-f406e341cbe8
6916341c-1606-4280-a6a4-4f328d1a497f
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Persons living in poverty", "Persons living in rural areas", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Equality & non-discrimination", "Rights related to marriage & family", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Sexual & gender-based violence", "Right to social security", "Discri...
[ "5.1 - End discrimination against women and girls", "5.a - Equal rights to economic resources, property ownership and financial services", "5.3 - Eliminate forced marriages and genital mutilation" ]
Situation of women and children who are victims of enforced disappearance, relatives of disappeared persons and a differentiated approach 55.The Committee recalls the limitations faced by Beninese women with respect to inheritance and access to social benefits that were reported by the Committee on the Elimination of D...
55. The Committee recalls the limitations faced by Beninese women with respect to inheritance and access to social benefits that were reported by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women: (a) the high prevalence of child marriage in the State Party, especially in rural areas and among poor commu...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 6916341c-1606-4280-a6a4-4f328d1a497f
ac346729-8e70-4753-9d0e-b5f1e5215f4d
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "5 - GENDER EQUALITY" ]
Situation of women and children who are victims of enforced disappearance, relatives of disappeared persons and a differentiated approach 56. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all women and girls who are relatives of disappeared persons are able to exercise , without restriction , all the rights...
56. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all women and girls who are relatives of disappeared persons are able to exercise , without restriction , all the rights recognized in the Convention .
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: ac346729-8e70-4753-9d0e-b5f1e5215f4d
3c06e7c4-09f9-4cee-9c36-68a895a96784
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "5 - GENDER EQUALITY" ]
Situation of women and children who are victims of enforced disappearance, relatives of disappeared persons and a differentiated approach 57.The Committee is concerned about the lack of protocols or guidelines on searches and investigations in suspected cases of the enforced disappearance of a woman or child, but it we...
57. The Committee is concerned about the lack of protocols or guidelines on searches and investigations in suspected cases of the enforced disappearance of a woman or child, but it welcomes the State Party’s willingness to adopt and implement such instruments (arts. 7 and 23–25).
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 3c06e7c4-09f9-4cee-9c36-68a895a96784
40600e9c-b470-4616-bae6-a49b26bcd962
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Situation of women and children who are victims of enforced disappearance, relatives of disappeared persons and a differentiated approach 58. The Committee recommends that the State Party, taking into account similar instruments adopted in other countries, expeditiously adopt search and investigation protocols that gua...
58. The Committee recommends that the State Party, taking into account similar instruments adopted in other countries, expeditiously adopt search and investigation protocols that guarantee that a differentiated approach is taken to meet the specific needs of women and children who are disappeared persons or relatives o...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 40600e9c-b470-4616-bae6-a49b26bcd962
c9771689-1227-4206-8894-a7685c210731
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Civil society" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[]
Right to form and participate freely in organizations and associations 59.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s willingness to encourage the creation of associations whose purpose is to help establish the circumstances of enforced disappearances and provide those associations with support. It is, however, concerned ...
59. The Committee welcomes the State Party’s willingness to encourage the creation of associations whose purpose is to help establish the circumstances of enforced disappearances and provide those associations with support. It is, however, concerned about allegations regarding the restrictions that civil society stakeh...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: c9771689-1227-4206-8894-a7685c210731
268d3cdf-f6ea-4a99-bfec-99365f01f203
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances" ]
[]
Right to form and participate freely in organizations and associations 60. The Committee recommends that the State Party respect and promote the right of all persons, irrespective of their ethnic, religious or geographical origin , to form and participate freely in organizations and associations whose purpose is to hel...
60. The Committee recommends that the State Party respect and promote the right of all persons, irrespective of their ethnic, religious or geographical origin , to form and participate freely in organizations and associations whose purpose is to help establish the circumstances of enforced disappearances, clarify the f...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 268d3cdf-f6ea-4a99-bfec-99365f01f203
37634dcd-992f-4423-ab4f-fc226eed7a58
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Youth & juveniles", "Migrants" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Wrongful removal of children 61.The Committee welcomes the information provided by the State Party on the legal safeguards provided for in the Children’s Code and its implementing decrees. However, the Committee is concerned that the State Party’s national legislation does not specifically provide for the punishment of...
61. The Committee welcomes the information provided by the State Party on the legal safeguards provided for in the Children’s Code and its implementing decrees. However, the Committee is concerned that the State Party’s national legislation does not specifically provide for the punishment of the acts described in artic...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 37634dcd-992f-4423-ab4f-fc226eed7a58
42330f05-922f-409a-ba33-7692149ea49c
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Youth & juveniles", "Migrants", "Persons affected by armed conflict" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour" ]
Wrongful removal of children 62. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Ensure that each of the acts described in article 25 (1) of the Convention is made a specific offence and establish appropriate penalties that reflect the extreme seriousness of the offences; (b) Adopt the necessary regulations for the ...
62. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Ensure that each of the acts described in article 25 (1) of the Convention is made a specific offence and establish appropriate penalties that reflect the extreme seriousness of the offences; (b) Adopt the necessary regulations for the Children ’ s Code to be prope...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 42330f05-922f-409a-ba33-7692149ea49c
fa9b9584-5c69-4c34-9365-18dbfc8b1838
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children" ]
[ "Rights related to name, identity & nationality", "Right to health", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "3.1 - Reduce maternal mortality", "16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration" ]
Wrongful removal of children 63.The Committee welcomes the information shared by the delegation that, in August 2025, the State Party began the pilot phase of the one-stop shop for notification and registration of births at the Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital Centre in Cotonou and notes that the system is c...
63. The Committee welcomes the information shared by the delegation that, in August 2025, the State Party began the pilot phase of the one-stop shop for notification and registration of births at the Lagoon Mother and Child University Hospital Centre in Cotonou and notes that the system is currently being tested in 10 ...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: fa9b9584-5c69-4c34-9365-18dbfc8b1838
f94cf00d-0b53-4b9d-bed5-12b776fe86e6
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children" ]
[ "Equality & non-discrimination", "Rights related to name, identity & nationality", "Rights related to marriage & family", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration" ]
Wrongful removal of children 64. The State Party should prevent the disappearance of children by continuing its efforts to strengthen the birth registration system and ensure the full registration of the births of all children throughout the country, paying particular attention to children under 5 years of age, childre...
64. The State Party should prevent the disappearance of children by continuing its efforts to strengthen the birth registration system and ensure the full registration of the births of all children throughout the country, paying particular attention to children under 5 years of age, children of unmarried parents and ch...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: f94cf00d-0b53-4b9d-bed5-12b776fe86e6
8d3c1b17-3831-429a-aae0-a5ede593102e
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence" ]
Illegal adoption 65.The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party that simple adoptions may be revoked, while full adoptions are irrevocable. It regrets, however, the lack of information on domestic and inter-country adoption processes in the State Party and on the measures in place to allow f...
65. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party that simple adoptions may be revoked, while full adoptions are irrevocable. It regrets, however, the lack of information on domestic and inter-country adoption processes in the State Party and on the measures in place to allow for the review of...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 8d3c1b17-3831-429a-aae0-a5ede593102e
1c976a53-0246-4037-a28d-2f242d10255c
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children" ]
[ "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Illegal adoption 66. The Committee recommends that the State Party align its Criminal Code with article 25 (4) of the Convention and establish specific procedures for reviewing and, where appropriate, annulling any adoption, placement or guardianship arrangement resulting from an enforced disappearance and for re-estab...
66. The Committee recommends that the State Party align its Criminal Code with article 25 (4) of the Convention and establish specific procedures for reviewing and, where appropriate, annulling any adoption, placement or guardianship arrangement resulting from an enforced disappearance and for re-establish ing the true...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 1c976a53-0246-4037-a28d-2f242d10255c
97d94e13-8599-4bd7-9706-f91116669846
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[]
[ "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 67. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming Parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full ...
67. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming Parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full accordance with the Convention...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 97d94e13-8599-4bd7-9706-f91116669846
b1eb6d34-ce1d-4b58-99c7-67ebf1a181b0
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)", "Children", "Vulnerable persons/groups", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Violence against women", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies", "Enforced disappearances", "Sexual & gender-based violence" ]
[ "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women" ]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 68. The Committee wishes to emphasize the particularly cruel effect of enforced disappearance on the human rights of women and children. Women and girls who are subjected to enforced disappearance are particularly vulnerable to sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. Women who are...
68. The Committee wishes to emphasize the particularly cruel effect of enforced disappearance on the human rights of women and children. Women and girls who are subjected to enforced disappearance are particularly vulnerable to sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. Women who are relatives of a disappeared pe...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: b1eb6d34-ce1d-4b58-99c7-67ebf1a181b0
f0d41e9f-6128-4cbc-88a1-9ecb730d9488
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Civil society", "Public officials", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies", "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 69. The State Party is encouraged to translate into all national languages and widely disseminate the Convention, its report submitted under article 29 (1) of the Convention, the written replies to the list of issues drawn up by the Committee and the present concluding observations, in ord...
69. The State Party is encouraged to translate into all national languages and widely disseminate the Convention, its report submitted under article 29 (1) of the Convention, the written replies to the list of issues drawn up by the Committee and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness among th...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: f0d41e9f-6128-4cbc-88a1-9ecb730d9488
4099e296-6845-4147-b5bc-0aa09ac2ccb3
CED/C/BEN/CO/1
CED
2025-10-09
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Benin" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Civil society" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society" ]
[]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 70. Under article 29 (3) of the Convention, the Committee requests the State Party to submit, by no later than 3 October 2028 , specific and updated information on the implementation of all its recommendations and any other new information on the fulfilment of the obligations contained in ...
70. Under article 29 (3) of the Convention, the Committee requests the State Party to submit, by no later than 3 October 2028 , specific and updated information on the implementation of all its recommendations and any other new information on the fulfilment of the obligations contained in the Convention . The Committee...
CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 4099e296-6845-4147-b5bc-0aa09ac2ccb3
5f6a8ae0-b2e9-47f8-bbe6-1f0e8d4b1d79
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Children", "Persons affected by armed conflict" ]
[ "Children: protection against exploitation", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour" ]
B.Positive aspects 4.The Committee welcomes the fact that the State Party has ratified or acceded to a number of international human rights instruments and the protocols thereto, including the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Optional...
4. The Committee welcomes the fact that the State Party has ratified or acceded to a number of international human rights instruments and the protocols thereto, including the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment, the Optional Protocol to the C...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 5f6a8ae0-b2e9-47f8-bbe6-1f0e8d4b1d79
fe782aa3-21d6-499b-83fd-b2b026aead21
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Human rights defenders & activists" ]
[ "Cooperation with human rights mechanisms & requests for technical assistance", "Cooperation & Follow up with Special Procedures" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
B.Positive aspects 5.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s openness to receiving visits from the special procedures of the Human Rights Council, in particular from the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic.
5. The Committee welcomes the State Party’s openness to receiving visits from the special procedures of the Human Rights Council, in particular from the Independent Expert on the situation of human rights in the Central African Republic.
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: fe782aa3-21d6-499b-83fd-b2b026aead21
4dc9f827-b5c2-42d0-a0b0-1d8a238e9218
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Internally displaced persons", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors" ]
[ "Death penalty", "Cooperation with human rights mechanisms & requests for technical assistance", "Right to life", "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Transit...
[ "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all...
B.Positive aspects 6.The Committee is also grateful for the information on the ongoing reform of the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure and on the action taken by the State Party in the areas covered by the Convention, including: (a)The enactment, on 30 August 2023, of the new Constitution; (b)The adoptio...
6. The Committee is also grateful for the information on the ongoing reform of the Criminal Code and the Code of Criminal Procedure and on the action taken by the State Party in the areas covered by the Convention, including: (a) The enactment, on 30 August 2023, of the new Constitution; (b) The adoption of Act No. 22....
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 4dc9f827-b5c2-42d0-a0b0-1d8a238e9218
2b6aa47c-f67a-4408-b707-32fa5ab8c4cf
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
C.Principal subjects of concern and recommendations 7.The Committee is fully aware of the many serious difficulties faced by the State Party amid the security situation in the country. It is especially concerned about the cases of enforced disappearance, abduction from prisons and forced labour highlighted by the Unite...
7. The Committee is fully aware of the many serious difficulties faced by the State Party amid the security situation in the country. It is especially concerned about the cases of enforced disappearance, abduction from prisons and forced labour highlighted by the United Nations Multidimensional Integrated Stabilization...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 2b6aa47c-f67a-4408-b707-32fa5ab8c4cf
a66bbacb-2de9-418b-bdbb-0a69a5c72d17
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Competence of the Committee under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention 8.While it notes the assertion that the State Party will, in due course, make the declarations provided for in articles 31 and 32 of the Convention to recognize the Committee’s competence to receive individual and inter-State communications, the Com...
8. While it notes the assertion that the State Party will, in due course, make the declarations provided for in articles 31 and 32 of the Convention to recognize the Committee’s competence to receive individual and inter-State communications, the Committee regrets that the State Party has not yet taken the necessary st...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: a66bbacb-2de9-418b-bdbb-0a69a5c72d17
df2e702e-8588-4d8d-85a2-a963172b9c24
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Competence of the Committee under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention 9. The Committee encourages the State Party to recognize its competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention with a view to ensuring the full effectiveness of the Convention and...
9. The Committee encourages the State Party to recognize its competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention with a view to ensuring the full effectiveness of the Convention and strengthening the protection of victims of enforced disappearance, and...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: df2e702e-8588-4d8d-85a2-a963172b9c24
da5b9d67-bb48-4afd-8fa3-386cd27d037f
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups" ]
[ "Access to justice & remedy", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Applicability of the Convention 10.The Committee notes that, pursuant to article 142 of the Constitution, the State Party has a monistic legal system that guarantees that the international treaties and agreements ratified by the State Party rank above national legislation upon their publication. It regrets, however, th...
10. The Committee notes that, pursuant to article 142 of the Constitution, the State Party has a monistic legal system that guarantees that the international treaties and agreements ratified by the State Party rank above national legislation upon their publication. It regrets, however, that no decisions in which the pr...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: da5b9d67-bb48-4afd-8fa3-386cd27d037f
869a870c-85fe-4db2-a71a-ee871355ebae
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Access to justice & remedy" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Applicability of the Convention 11. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that the provisions of the Convention are directly invoked and applied by national courts or other competent authorities without any qualification or limitation. It also invites the State Party to intensify its efforts to routinely...
11. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that the provisions of the Convention are directly invoked and applied by national courts or other competent authorities without any qualification or limitation. It also invites the State Party to intensify its efforts to routinely provide judges, prosecutors and...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 869a870c-85fe-4db2-a71a-ee871355ebae
3e497de7-082f-4943-adb9-026e957a5030
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research", "National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
National human rights institution 12.The Committee welcomes the adoption of Act No. 17.015 of 20 April 2017 establishing the National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It commends the operationalization of this institution, which has had its budget increased and which has been strengthened by Decree ...
12. The Committee welcomes the adoption of Act No. 17.015 of 20 April 2017 establishing the National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. It commends the operationalization of this institution, which has had its budget increased and which has been strengthened by Decree No. 23.247 of 29 October 2023, le...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 3e497de7-082f-4943-adb9-026e957a5030
6924a5dd-ee17-4057-a0cb-9c136023f61e
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research", "National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
National human rights institution 13. The Committee encourages the State Party to ensure that the National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is fully in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles) and ...
13. The Committee encourages the State Party to ensure that the National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms is fully in line with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion and protection of human rights (the Paris Principles) and to apply for the accreditation of ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 6924a5dd-ee17-4057-a0cb-9c136023f61e
85cf68fc-c00f-4a33-92de-983de609835d
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Civil society" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making", "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable d...
Stakeholder involvement in the preparation of the report 14.The Committee takes note of the information that the National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and civil society organizations were invited by the standing committee for the drafting of reports and follow-up to recommendations to participate...
14. The Committee takes note of the information that the National Commission on Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms and civil society organizations were invited by the standing committee for the drafting of reports and follow-up to recommendations to participate in the preparation of the State Party’s report. However...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 85cf68fc-c00f-4a33-92de-983de609835d
9657d7cd-b1c9-4cfd-96ca-56cb2b350352
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Civil society" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Stakeholder involvement in the preparation of the report 15. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that civil society organizations, in particular those working on enforced disappearance or representing victims’ relatives, participate in all stages of the process of preparing and submitting reports to th...
15. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that civil society organizations, in particular those working on enforced disappearance or representing victims’ relatives, participate in all stages of the process of preparing and submitting reports to the Committee and are regularly consulted and informed abou...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 9657d7cd-b1c9-4cfd-96ca-56cb2b350352
1e3eaece-62e0-4d91-9307-8998b09c38aa
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Statistical information and national register 16.The Committee regrets the lack of disaggregated statistical data on disappeared persons in the State Party. It finds it troubling that access to information on search activities and to data on cases of enforced disappearance remains limited and that the information provi...
16. The Committee regrets the lack of disaggregated statistical data on disappeared persons in the State Party. It finds it troubling that access to information on search activities and to data on cases of enforced disappearance remains limited and that the information provided has not made it possible to explain how a...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 1e3eaece-62e0-4d91-9307-8998b09c38aa
adfff254-debb-4a83-ab98-9e6e22ae976c
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)", "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups" ]
[ "Equality & non-discrimination", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES", "16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination" ]
Statistical information and national register 17. The Committee requests the State Party to create a unified national register of disappeared persons with a view to producing accurate, reliable and up-to-date statistics on such persons without delay. These statistics should cover: (a) The number and identity of all dis...
17. The Committee requests the State Party to create a unified national register of disappeared persons with a view to producing accurate, reliable and up-to-date statistics on such persons without delay. These statistics should cover: (a) The number and identity of all disappeared persons, with an indication of those ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: adfff254-debb-4a83-ab98-9e6e22ae976c
63d43d79-c89f-4f7e-b66f-76245ba8f822
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Statistical information and national register 18. These statistics should make it possible to identify the different groups of victims, the causes and dynamics of enforced disappearance and patterns of behaviour, and serve as a basis for adopting more effective prevention, investigation, search and victim support measu...
18. These statistics should make it possible to identify the different groups of victims, the causes and dynamics of enforced disappearance and patterns of behaviour, and serve as a basis for adopting more effective prevention, investigation, search and victim support measures. The national register should be updated s...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 63d43d79-c89f-4f7e-b66f-76245ba8f822
985edcd2-07bc-4bd7-9a59-ba1e0e59ab99
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Offence of enforced disappearance 19.The Committee welcomes the inclusion of enforced disappearance as a crime against humanity in article 153 of the Criminal Code. It also notes with satisfaction the delegation’s assertion during the dialogue that the State Party is considering establishing enforced disappearance as a...
19. The Committee welcomes the inclusion of enforced disappearance as a crime against humanity in article 153 of the Criminal Code. It also notes with satisfaction the delegation’s assertion during the dialogue that the State Party is considering establishing enforced disappearance as a separate offence in the Criminal...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 985edcd2-07bc-4bd7-9a59-ba1e0e59ab99
fb9c8329-b10c-4227-91c9-c59281da6c91
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Offence of enforced disappearance 20. The Committee recommends that the State Party take the following steps without delay: (a) Make enforced disappearance, defined as in article 2 of the Convention, an autonomous offence in national legislation; (b) Ensure that all the mitigating and aggravating circumstances set out ...
20. The Committee recommends that the State Party take the following steps without delay: (a) Make enforced disappearance, defined as in article 2 of the Convention, an autonomous offence in national legislation; (b) Ensure that all the mitigating and aggravating circumstances set out in article 7 (2) of the Convention...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: fb9c8329-b10c-4227-91c9-c59281da6c91
71df351d-6130-4a54-bf7a-fad531d88270
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Children" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Criminal responsibility of superiors and due obedience 21.The Committee notes with interest that exceptional circumstances may not be invoked to justify serious human rights violations and that, in accordance with article 28 of the Constitution, no one is required to execute a manifestly illegal order. It also notes th...
21. The Committee notes with interest that exceptional circumstances may not be invoked to justify serious human rights violations and that, in accordance with article 28 of the Constitution, no one is required to execute a manifestly illegal order. It also notes that article 161 of the Criminal Code states that the pe...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 71df351d-6130-4a54-bf7a-fad531d88270
2a95eb4e-3c79-449d-8629-8da313e9dee4
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Criminal responsibility of superiors and due obedience 22. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that its legislation fully adheres to article 6 of the Convention, which establishes that no order or instruction from any public authority − civilian, military or other − may be invoked to justify an offence...
22. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that its legislation fully adheres to article 6 of the Convention, which establishes that no order or instruction from any public authority − civilian, military or other − may be invoked to justify an offence of enforced disappearance, and that subordinates who r...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 2a95eb4e-3c79-449d-8629-8da313e9dee4
0e824c51-ffc2-4fe3-89b3-416f358198ae
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Stateless persons", "Non-citizens" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Legal & institutional reform", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Extraterritorial and universal jurisdiction 23.The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party on the legislation applicable to the jurisdiction of its courts, in particular the relevant combined provisions of the Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure. The Committee notes the lack of clar...
23. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party on the legislation applicable to the jurisdiction of its courts, in particular the relevant combined provisions of the Criminal Code and Code of Criminal Procedure. The Committee notes the lack of clarity as to whether the State Party is compet...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 0e824c51-ffc2-4fe3-89b3-416f358198ae
8262975a-c139-4934-b4f6-3f8bed095800
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children" ]
[ "Inter-State cooperation and assistance", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Extraterritorial and universal jurisdiction 24. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that the national courts can exercise jurisdiction over all acts of enforced disappearance, including those committed abroad by or against its nationals, in accordance with the obligations under articles 9 and 11 of the...
24. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that the national courts can exercise jurisdiction over all acts of enforced disappearance, including those committed abroad by or against its nationals, in accordance with the obligations under articles 9 and 11 of the Convention and with the principle of aut de...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 8262975a-c139-4934-b4f6-3f8bed095800
4b32a479-f4fc-4ea0-81f8-054b288d2e72
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Military jurisdiction 25.The Committee takes note of the information provided by the delegation during the dialogue that cases of enforced disappearance are not heard by military courts but observes that those courts continue to have jurisdiction over such cases when they are committed by military personnel. In this re...
25. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the delegation during the dialogue that cases of enforced disappearance are not heard by military courts but observes that those courts continue to have jurisdiction over such cases when they are committed by military personnel. In this regard, the Committee r...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 4b32a479-f4fc-4ea0-81f8-054b288d2e72
b3505a4e-0a8b-4c04-8c62-4b55174687cb
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Military jurisdiction 26. Recalling its statement on enforced disappearances and military jurisdiction, the Committee recommends that the State Party adopt the legislative, regulatory and institutional measures necessary to ensure that all cases of enforced disappearance remain expressly outside the jurisdiction of mil...
26. Recalling its statement on enforced disappearances and military jurisdiction, the Committee recommends that the State Party adopt the legislative, regulatory and institutional measures necessary to ensure that all cases of enforced disappearance remain expressly outside the jurisdiction of military courts and can b...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: b3505a4e-0a8b-4c04-8c62-4b55174687cb
8b90ba54-856a-4987-bca5-169624d913f9
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors", "Persons affected by armed conflict" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Transitional justice" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Transitional justice 27.The Committee takes note of the creation in 2020 of the Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliation Commission, the initial members of which took office in July 2021, in parallel with the Special Criminal Court, a hybrid court created in 2015 and composed of national and international judges r...
27. The Committee takes note of the creation in 2020 of the Truth, Justice, Reparation and Reconciliation Commission, the initial members of which took office in July 2021, in parallel with the Special Criminal Court, a hybrid court created in 2015 and composed of national and international judges responsible for consi...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 8b90ba54-856a-4987-bca5-169624d913f9
d6edee45-9ab0-4bde-a22d-ed0ee11c0347
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups", "Persons affected by armed conflict", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Right to life", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote", "Transitional justice" ]
[ "16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Transitional justice 28. The Committee recommends that the State Party intensify its efforts to ensure that, without delay: (a) All cases of enforced disappearance, past and present, lead to immediate searches and thorough and impartial investigations that continue until the fate of the disappeared persons has been cla...
28. The Committee recommends that the State Party intensify its efforts to ensure that, without delay: (a) All cases of enforced disappearance, past and present, lead to immediate searches and thorough and impartial investigations that continue until the fate of the disappeared persons has been clarified; (b) All those...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: d6edee45-9ab0-4bde-a22d-ed0ee11c0347
30550272-2d70-48ae-9f1e-0e39c9b6647f
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Human rights defenders & activists", "Disappeared persons", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors", "Persons affected by armed conflict", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Extrajudicial, summary or arbitrary executions" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Investigations into cases of enforced disappearance, the search for disappeared persons and combating impunity 29.The Committee takes note of the information provided by the delegation that particular attention is paid to all allegations reported by MINUSCA. It regrets, however, that some investigations into disappeara...
29. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the delegation that particular attention is paid to all allegations reported by MINUSCA. It regrets, however, that some investigations into disappearances relayed by MINUSCA remain unresolved, in particular those relating to the illegal arrest and detention in...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 30550272-2d70-48ae-9f1e-0e39c9b6647f
2bd895ac-c7f9-4842-ab6a-dffc09e9a208
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Investigations into cases of enforced disappearance, the search for disappeared persons and combating impunity 30. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Collect, organize and publish reliable and up-to-date statistical data on the number of investigations that have been conducted into incidents that may co...
30. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Collect, organize and publish reliable and up-to-date statistical data on the number of investigations that have been conducted into incidents that may constitute enforced disappearance; (b) Ensure that the authorities introduce immediate, rapid, thorough and impar...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 2bd895ac-c7f9-4842-ab6a-dffc09e9a208
a250c428-5f92-49c9-9308-12182505cc97
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Public officials" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Suspension of officials suspected of offences 31.The Committee regrets that it has not received specific information from the State Party on the mechanisms for excluding from an investigation into an enforced disappearance any members of law enforcement or security forces or other public officials suspected of involvem...
31. The Committee regrets that it has not received specific information from the State Party on the mechanisms for excluding from an investigation into an enforced disappearance any members of law enforcement or security forces or other public officials suspected of involvement in the commission of the offence or for s...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: a250c428-5f92-49c9-9308-12182505cc97
38eefd84-f1bd-4d44-9e37-0946f36e2895
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Public officials" ]
[ "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Suspension of officials suspected of offences 32. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Ensure that public officials suspected of involvement in an offence of enforced disappearance are suspended from the outset and for the duration of the investigation, without prejudice to the presumption of innocence, a...
32. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Ensure that public officials suspected of involvement in an offence of enforced disappearance are suspended from the outset and for the duration of the investigation, without prejudice to the presumption of innocence, and that law enforcement or security forces who...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 38eefd84-f1bd-4d44-9e37-0946f36e2895
6de14daa-166b-4f25-baaf-c286594c625d
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Protection of persons who report a case of enforced disappearance and/or participate in the investigation 33.The Committee regrets not having received sufficient information on the measures that have been taken to protect victims, witnesses and their representatives (art. 12).
33. The Committee regrets not having received sufficient information on the measures that have been taken to protect victims, witnesses and their representatives (art. 12).
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 6de14daa-166b-4f25-baaf-c286594c625d
b583a70a-652a-4bc2-a232-65e87cdf4b16
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Human rights defenders & activists", "Disappeared persons", "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups" ]
[ "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES", "10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination" ]
Protection of persons who report a case of enforced disappearance and/or participate in the investigation 34. The Committee recommends that the State Party establish mechanisms, including a structured programme, to ensure, in accordance with article 12 (1) of the Convention, that complainants, witnesses, relatives of t...
34. The Committee recommends that the State Party establish mechanisms, including a structured programme, to ensure, in accordance with article 12 (1) of the Convention, that complainants, witnesses, relatives of the disappeared person and their defenders, as well as all those participating in the investigation, are ef...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: b583a70a-652a-4bc2-a232-65e87cdf4b16
022fbaf4-1c65-4a2a-a3f0-4513a5beacd9
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children" ]
[ "Inter-State cooperation and assistance", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Extradition 35.The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party on the legal framework for extradition for offences of enforced disappearance. It remains concerned, however, about the consequences of the impossibility of meeting the dual criminality requirement in the existing extradition treatie...
35. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party on the legal framework for extradition for offences of enforced disappearance. It remains concerned, however, about the consequences of the impossibility of meeting the dual criminality requirement in the existing extradition treaties, as enfor...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 022fbaf4-1c65-4a2a-a3f0-4513a5beacd9
7702aec9-7908-4b95-a8b2-8af7c1cc53f9
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children" ]
[ "Inter-State cooperation and assistance", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Extradition 36. The Committee recommends that the State Party establish enforced disappearance as a separate offence in national legislation and include the offence among those subject to extradition in any existing or future extradition treaty.
36. The Committee recommends that the State Party establish enforced disappearance as a separate offence in national legislation and include the offence among those subject to extradition in any existing or future extradition treaty.
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 7702aec9-7908-4b95-a8b2-8af7c1cc53f9
2ac062ec-047b-445f-94c5-2091c3aecbe2
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Refugees & asylum seekers" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Non-refoulement 37.The Committee notes with satisfaction that the Central African Republic is a Party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, that that Convention is implemented by the National Commission for Refugees and that the principle of non-refoulement is enshrined in national law. It nonetheless r...
37. The Committee notes with satisfaction that the Central African Republic is a Party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees, that that Convention is implemented by the National Commission for Refugees and that the principle of non-refoulement is enshrined in national law. It nonetheless regrets the lack...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 2ac062ec-047b-445f-94c5-2091c3aecbe2
86055afa-79eb-4e41-95dc-ac481fff2409
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Refugees & asylum seekers" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Non-refoulement 38. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure systematic and strict respect for the principle of non-refoulement. In that regard, the Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Consider explicitly prohibiting in its national legislation any expulsion, refoulement, surrender or extradition...
38. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure systematic and strict respect for the principle of non-refoulement. In that regard, the Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Consider explicitly prohibiting in its national legislation any expulsion, refoulement, surrender or extradition where there are...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 86055afa-79eb-4e41-95dc-ac481fff2409
3ea3189a-c380-4725-9eed-6e6ff5d4be84
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Refugees & asylum seekers", "Children", "Internally displaced persons", "Migrants", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Enforced disappearances", "Economic & political crisis, natural disasters or other emergencies", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour", "1 - NO POVERTY", "1.5 - Build resilience to en...
Enforced disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, migration and forced displacement 39.The Committee is aware that the security crisis has led to mass forced displacement, both inside and outside the country, in particular of women and children, a situation that puts those persons at increased risk of en...
39. The Committee is aware that the security crisis has led to mass forced displacement, both inside and outside the country, in particular of women and children, a situation that puts those persons at increased risk of enforced disappearance, especially in the context of human trafficking or smuggling. It is troubled ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 3ea3189a-c380-4725-9eed-6e6ff5d4be84
7e0e3eb0-1f01-41ce-924e-0f79b4c26377
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Internally displaced persons", "Migrants" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Enforced disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, migration and forced displacement 40. The Committee urges the State Party to: (a)Ensure that all allegations of disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, migration, mass displacement or forced relocation are thoroughly investigated, taking i...
40. The Committee urges the State Party to: (a) Ensure that all allegations of disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, migration, mass displacement or forced relocation are thoroughly investigated, taking into account that the alleged acts may constitute enforced disappearance; (b) Guarantee that the pe...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 7e0e3eb0-1f01-41ce-924e-0f79b4c26377
66bb8406-bac4-4b58-983d-8671aa1c7be0
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees" ]
[ "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research", "Conditions of detention" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Secret detention and fundamental legal safeguards 41.The Committee takes note of the State Party’s assertion that secret detention is not authorized, but notes that it is not expressly prohibited under domestic law. It also takes note of the information received on the existence of registers of persons deprived of thei...
41. The Committee takes note of the State Party’s assertion that secret detention is not authorized, but notes that it is not expressly prohibited under domestic law. It also takes note of the information received on the existence of registers of persons deprived of their liberty in prisons and other places of detentio...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 66bb8406-bac4-4b58-983d-8671aa1c7be0
eb2d1e0c-e8ae-4dc3-8f53-c10f542c1b1d
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors", "Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees", "Non-citizens" ]
[ "Arbitrary arrest & detention", "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Secret detention and fundamental legal safeguards 42. The Committee recommends that the State Party guarantee that no one is held in secret detention, including by ensuring that all persons deprived of their liberty, whatever the nature of the place of deprivation of liberty, are afforded all the fundamental safeguards...
42. The Committee recommends that the State Party guarantee that no one is held in secret detention, including by ensuring that all persons deprived of their liberty, whatever the nature of the place of deprivation of liberty, are afforded all the fundamental safeguards set out in articles 17 and 18 of the Convention. ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: eb2d1e0c-e8ae-4dc3-8f53-c10f542c1b1d
f6c74b9a-0f2d-4b11-ad69-40104a1ffb5a
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors", "Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees" ]
[ "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research", "Conditions of detention" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.9 - Enhance capacity-building in developing countries", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Police custody 43.Although the maximum duration of police custody has been reduced to 48 hours under the new Constitution, the Committee is concerned that article 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure still provides for a police custody period of 72 hours, which may be renewed once, and that, in practice, most of the co...
43. Although the maximum duration of police custody has been reduced to 48 hours under the new Constitution, the Committee is concerned that article 40 of the Code of Criminal Procedure still provides for a police custody period of 72 hours, which may be renewed once, and that, in practice, most of the competent author...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: f6c74b9a-0f2d-4b11-ad69-40104a1ffb5a
fbc2733b-072b-45aa-a092-5edb83674db0
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees" ]
[ "Legal & institutional reform", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Police custody 44. The Committee calls on the State Party to ensure that all persons deprived of their liberty, regardless of the offence with which they are charged, are afforded in law and in practice all the fundamental legal safeguards set forth in article 17 of the Convention from the outset of the deprivation of ...
44. The Committee calls on the State Party to ensure that all persons deprived of their liberty, regardless of the offence with which they are charged, are afforded in law and in practice all the fundamental legal safeguards set forth in article 17 of the Convention from the outset of the deprivation of liberty. In thi...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: fbc2733b-072b-45aa-a092-5edb83674db0
3a48820c-dc27-4dbc-8e60-f2eb13a029b7
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Medical staff / health professionals", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Enforced disappearances", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship" ]
Training 45.The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party that training on the international human rights treaties ratified by the State Party is organized for a wide audience and that, as part of efforts to implement the national human rights policy, specific training courses on the Convention are be...
45. The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party that training on the international human rights treaties ratified by the State Party is organized for a wide audience and that, as part of efforts to implement the national human rights policy, specific training courses on the Convention are being orga...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 3a48820c-dc27-4dbc-8e60-f2eb13a029b7
d49e2bc8-6023-4557-8730-254ff3dd3a89
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Law enforcement / police & prison officials", "Medical staff / health professionals", "Public officials", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors", "Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Enforced disappearances", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Training 46. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all law enforcement personnel, whether civilian or military, and all medical practitioners, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of their liberty, including judges, prosecutors and ot...
46. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all law enforcement personnel, whether civilian or military, and all medical practitioners, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of their liberty, including judges, prosecutors and other justi...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: d49e2bc8-6023-4557-8730-254ff3dd3a89
8dab2151-9db2-42e5-bc22-5df092062efe
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Victims’ rights 47.The Committee notes that, according to the State Party, the definition of “victim” under domestic law includes all persons who are affected by an offence. It notes, however, that the current Criminal Code does not contain a precise definition of the notion of “victim” and that it is indicated in the ...
47. The Committee notes that, according to the State Party, the definition of “victim” under domestic law includes all persons who are affected by an offence. It notes, however, that the current Criminal Code does not contain a precise definition of the notion of “victim” and that it is indicated in the State Party’s r...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 8dab2151-9db2-42e5-bc22-5df092062efe
0d4f5f6d-ce6d-4da1-9e6e-b7411ded71af
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Victims’ rights 48. The Committee recommends that the State Party include in its criminal legislation a clear definition of “victim” that is in line with that in article 24 (1) of the Convention. The Committee also recommends that the State Party: (a) Establish and implement an official mechanism to inform relatives of...
48. The Committee recommends that the State Party include in its criminal legislation a clear definition of “victim” that is in line with that in article 24 (1) of the Convention. The Committee also recommends that the State Party: (a) Establish and implement an official mechanism to inform relatives of disappeared per...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 0d4f5f6d-ce6d-4da1-9e6e-b7411ded71af
accb0fc9-071d-4bbb-b425-b5858472c9f3
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Transitional justice", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Victims’ rights 49.The Committee is concerned that reparation measures remain limited and that national law neither provides for a system of appropriate and comprehensive reparation that is fully in line with article 24 (4) and (5) of the Convention nor formally recognizes the right of all victims to know the truth. It...
49. The Committee is concerned that reparation measures remain limited and that national law neither provides for a system of appropriate and comprehensive reparation that is fully in line with article 24 (4) and (5) of the Convention nor formally recognizes the right of all victims to know the truth. It also regrets t...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: accb0fc9-071d-4bbb-b425-b5858472c9f3
8b82f1af-279e-4ca5-aa98-9edada0fd6c7
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)", "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups", "Persons with disabilities" ]
[ "Equality & non-discrimination", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Racial discrimination", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Transitional justice", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "5 - GENDER EQUALITY", "10 - REDUCED INEQUALITIES", "5.3 - Eliminate forced marriages and genital mutilation", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"...
Victims’ rights 50. The State Party should take steps to ensure that any individual who has suffered direct harm as a result of an enforced disappearance has access to the rights enshrined in the Convention, in particular the rights to the truth and to comprehensive reparation, including not only compensation but also ...
50. The State Party should take steps to ensure that any individual who has suffered direct harm as a result of an enforced disappearance has access to the rights enshrined in the Convention, in particular the rights to the truth and to comprehensive reparation, including not only compensation but also rehabilitation, ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 8b82f1af-279e-4ca5-aa98-9edada0fd6c7
dd6f13c3-a5e6-4113-999d-167eb6bdcc9b
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives 51.The Committee takes note of the State Party’s procedure for determining the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives, which, depending on the case, entails ...
51. The Committee takes note of the State Party’s procedure for determining the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives, which, depending on the case, entails the issuance of a declaration of absence or a declaration of death. However, it recalls the continuo...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: dd6f13c3-a5e6-4113-999d-167eb6bdcc9b
5952f1df-74e2-4acc-b780-382eac3d03b1
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives 52. The Committee recommends that the State Party take legislative measures to ensure that the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives is regulated in accorda...
52. The Committee recommends that the State Party take legislative measures to ensure that the legal situation of disappeared persons whose fate has not been clarified and that of their relatives is regulated in accordance with article 24 (6) of the Convention, for instance by not requiring that disappeared persons be ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 5952f1df-74e2-4acc-b780-382eac3d03b1
75c15a18-c50a-44ea-a61e-d6ebaae6cbad
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Equality & non-discrimination", "Rights related to marriage & family", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research", "Right to social security", "Discrimination against women", "Land & property rights" ]
[ "5.a - Equal rights to economic resources, property ownership and financial services", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "5 - GENDER EQUALITY", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Situation of female relatives of a disappeared person 53.The Committee recalls the limitations faced by women under the State Party’s jurisdiction, particularly with regard to child custody, inheritance and access to social benefits, which have been highlighted by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination agai...
53. The Committee recalls the limitations faced by women under the State Party’s jurisdiction, particularly with regard to child custody, inheritance and access to social benefits, which have been highlighted by the Committee on the Elimination of Discrimination against Women, and is concerned about the potential negat...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 75c15a18-c50a-44ea-a61e-d6ebaae6cbad
c006abc1-90ce-426f-a19e-1b38265125e1
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Situation of female relatives of a disappeared person 54. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all women and girls who are relatives of disappeared persons are able to exercise all the rights enshrined in the Convention without restriction.
54. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all women and girls who are relatives of disappeared persons are able to exercise all the rights enshrined in the Convention without restriction.
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: c006abc1-90ce-426f-a19e-1b38265125e1
b0729845-8a74-48bf-8048-615ce28ac528
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research", "Freedom of opinion and expression & access to information" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Search for disappeared persons, and genetic databases 55.The Committee takes note of the measures taken to search for disappeared persons, such as the opening of judicial investigations and the use of the press to publicize searches. It notes with concern, however, that little progress has been made in ensuring that th...
55. The Committee takes note of the measures taken to search for disappeared persons, such as the opening of judicial investigations and the use of the press to publicize searches. It notes with concern, however, that little progress has been made in ensuring that the bodies and remains of disappeared persons are locat...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: b0729845-8a74-48bf-8048-615ce28ac528
8e175e51-2706-4cbf-941a-05c351acea9d
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Enforced disappearances", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.9 - Enhance capacity-building in developing countries", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Search for disappeared persons, and genetic databases 56. The Committee invites the State Party to develop and carry out comprehensive search strategies in line with the Guiding Principles for the Search for Disappeared Persons and recommends that the State Party redouble its efforts to: (a) Search for, locate and rele...
56. The Committee invites the State Party to develop and carry out comprehensive search strategies in line with the Guiding Principles for the Search for Disappeared Persons and recommends that the State Party redouble its efforts to: (a) Search for, locate and release disappeared persons as promptly as possible and, i...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 8e175e51-2706-4cbf-941a-05c351acea9d
0bcdd9f5-01a1-4566-a4ce-e3ae49fb1935
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Freedom of association", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Right to form and participate freely in organizations and associations 57.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s willingness to encourage the creation of associations whose purpose is to help establish the circumstances of enforced disappearances and provide those associations with support. It is nevertheless concern...
57. The Committee welcomes the State Party’s willingness to encourage the creation of associations whose purpose is to help establish the circumstances of enforced disappearances and provide those associations with support. It is nevertheless concerned about the lack of information received directly from associations o...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 0bcdd9f5-01a1-4566-a4ce-e3ae49fb1935
6848dd57-a8ba-4439-8ebe-a3db365db387
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups" ]
[ "Freedom of association", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination" ]
Right to form and participate freely in organizations and associations 58. The Committee recommends that the State Party respect and promote the right of all persons, irrespective of their ethnic, religious or geographical origin and of the time, place and circumstances of disappearances, to form and participate freely...
58. The Committee recommends that the State Party respect and promote the right of all persons, irrespective of their ethnic, religious or geographical origin and of the time, place and circumstances of disappearances, to form and participate freely in organizations and associations whose purpose is to help establish t...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 6848dd57-a8ba-4439-8ebe-a3db365db387
659126da-cba4-4d40-87ba-f00387efb5b5
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Enforced disappearances", "Transitional justice" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Measures for the preservation of memory 59.The Committee regrets that, according to the information received, there is currently no strategy for the creation and preservation of memorial sites, in particular sites used in cases of enforced disappearance. The Committee recalls that the development and preservation of su...
59. The Committee regrets that, according to the information received, there is currently no strategy for the creation and preservation of memorial sites, in particular sites used in cases of enforced disappearance. The Committee recalls that the development and preservation of such sites is essential to guarantee the ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 659126da-cba4-4d40-87ba-f00387efb5b5
64b9af03-21f7-4b05-bc6d-6a14f1411aea
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Measures for the preservation of memory 60. The Committee recommends that the State Party establish a long-term memory preservation programme, in consultation and coordination with victims, to protect the sites used in cases of enforced disappearance and that it transform appropriate sites into educational and remembra...
60. The Committee recommends that the State Party establish a long-term memory preservation programme, in consultation and coordination with victims, to protect the sites used in cases of enforced disappearance and that it transform appropriate sites into educational and remembrance spaces accessible to the general pub...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 64b9af03-21f7-4b05-bc6d-6a14f1411aea
2ab08e95-4203-48bf-a319-6d25c91fe6aa
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Youth & juveniles", "Persons affected by armed conflict", "Military personnel" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Children: protection against exploitation", "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Constit...
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Enforced disappearance of children in the context of armed conflict or trafficking 61.The Committee is concerned about the numerous allegations of enforced disappearance linked to the recruitment and use of children by armed groups and about the lack of information on prosecutions and convictions under article 151 of t...
61. The Committee is concerned about the numerous allegations of enforced disappearance linked to the recruitment and use of children by armed groups and about the lack of information on prosecutions and convictions under article 151 of the Criminal Code, which provides for the criminalization of trafficking in childre...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 2ab08e95-4203-48bf-a319-6d25c91fe6aa
3e973563-a809-464b-b7aa-2a22500d045f
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children", "Youth & juveniles", "Persons affected by armed conflict" ]
[ "Support to victims & witnesses", "Children: protection against exploitation", "Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Data collection & research", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "8 - DECENT WORK AND ECONOMIC GROWTH", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
Enforced disappearance of children in the context of armed conflict or trafficking 62. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Adopt the regulations necessary for the proper implementation of the Child Protection Code in order to help locate and protect disappeared or abducted children and adolescents, and i...
62. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Adopt the regulations necessary for the proper implementation of the Child Protection Code in order to help locate and protect disappeared or abducted children and adolescents, and introduce an early warning platform that has the resources required to respond to ca...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 3e973563-a809-464b-b7aa-2a22500d045f
5b4fa071-5de3-43c2-833b-e7a6cf3c6bb9
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Children" ]
[ "Rights related to marriage & family", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence" ]
Wrongful removal of children and illegal adoption 63.The Committee welcomes the information provided by the State Party on the legal safeguards contained in the Child Protection Code and the Family Code. However, it regrets the lack of detailed information on the adoption processes, whether domestic or intercountry, co...
63. The Committee welcomes the information provided by the State Party on the legal safeguards contained in the Child Protection Code and the Family Code. However, it regrets the lack of detailed information on the adoption processes, whether domestic or intercountry, conducted in the State Party and on forms of adopti...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 5b4fa071-5de3-43c2-833b-e7a6cf3c6bb9
a58864a0-acbc-4321-baaf-513398fe6ef6
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)", "Children" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Children: definition; general principles; protection", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration" ]
Wrongful removal of children and illegal adoption 64. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Incorporate as specific offences all the acts described in article 25 (1) of the Convention, providing for appropriate penalties commensurate with the extreme seriousness of the offences; (b) Take effective measures...
64. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Incorporate as specific offences all the acts described in article 25 (1) of the Convention, providing for appropriate penalties commensurate with the extreme seriousness of the offences; (b) Take effective measures to prevent the falsification, concealment or dest...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: a58864a0-acbc-4321-baaf-513398fe6ef6
08e1f30e-5b74-46b9-a909-62a339ab3246
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 65. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full ...
65. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full accordance with the Convention...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 08e1f30e-5b74-46b9-a909-62a339ab3246
c6ef5908-63e7-4d30-9215-8dda7a44a53c
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)", "Children", "Vulnerable persons/groups", "Women & girls" ]
[ "Violence against women", "Support to victims & witnesses", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies", "Enforced disappearances", "Sexual & gender-based violence", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "5 - GENDER EQUALITY", "16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence", "5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 66. The Committee emphasizes the particularly cruel effect of enforced disappearance on women and children. Women who are subjected to enforced disappearance are particularly vulnerable to sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. Women who are relatives of a disappeared person are ...
66. The Committee emphasizes the particularly cruel effect of enforced disappearance on women and children. Women who are subjected to enforced disappearance are particularly vulnerable to sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. Women who are relatives of a disappeared person are also particularly likely to su...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: c6ef5908-63e7-4d30-9215-8dda7a44a53c
78e17e4e-0737-4134-87fc-b7d88f257467
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Civil society", "Public officials", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies", "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 67. The State Party is encouraged to widely disseminate the Convention, its written replies to the list of issues drawn up by the Committee − which constitute its report submitted under article 29 (1) of the Convention − and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness ...
67. The State Party is encouraged to widely disseminate the Convention, its written replies to the list of issues drawn up by the Committee − which constitute its report submitted under article 29 (1) of the Convention − and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness among the judicial, legislativ...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: 78e17e4e-0737-4134-87fc-b7d88f257467
b2371388-62ce-46b7-bec0-0e38414e4339
CED/C/CAF/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Central African Republic" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Civil society" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies" ]
[ "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
D.Dissemination and follow-up 68. Under article 29 (3) of the Convention, the Committee requests the State Party to submit, by no later than 4 April 2028, specific and updated information on the implementation of all its recommendations and any other new information on the fulfilment of the obligations contained in the...
68. Under article 29 (3) of the Convention, the Committee requests the State Party to submit, by no later than 4 April 2028, specific and updated information on the implementation of all its recommendations and any other new information on the fulfilment of the obligations contained in the Convention. The Committee enc...
CED | Central African Republic | CED/C/CAF/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 6097b14a-268d-42a7-ba53-e863041cd027 | AnnotationId: b2371388-62ce-46b7-bec0-0e38414e4339
df541c66-ce45-4e73-8e12-3f5d47c624ce
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups", "Persons affected by armed conflict" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Cooperation with human rights mechanisms & requests for technical assistance", "International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments...
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
B.Positive aspects 4.The Committee welcomes the State Party’s ratification of or accession to all the United Nations human rights treaties, almost all the Optional Protocols thereto, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The State Party has accepted the jurisdiction of several regional human rights ...
4. The Committee welcomes the State Party’s ratification of or accession to all the United Nations human rights treaties, almost all the Optional Protocols thereto, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. The State Party has accepted the jurisdiction of several regional human rights mechanisms, includ...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: df541c66-ce45-4e73-8e12-3f5d47c624ce
06758723-6044-43b7-be9a-8eb32fc398a0
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Law enforcement / police & prison officials" ]
[ "Rule of law & impunity", "Good governance & corruption", "Administration of justice & fair trial", "Cooperation with human rights mechanisms & requests for technical assistance", "National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced dis...
[ "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere", "16.5 - Reduce corruption and bribery", "16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedom...
B.Positive aspects 5.The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State Party in areas relevant to the Convention, including: (a)The creation of the Panel on Missing Persons, a specialized police unit, in February 2017 to receive and document reports of disappeared persons during the regime of the former President, ...
5. The Committee welcomes the progress made by the State Party in areas relevant to the Convention, including: (a) The creation of the Panel on Missing Persons, a specialized police unit, in February 2017 to receive and document reports of disappeared persons during the regime of the former President, Yahya Jammeh; (b)...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 06758723-6044-43b7-be9a-8eb32fc398a0
e41ae183-e6f4-4ad3-baee-8320c7cdd289
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Legal & institutional reform", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
C.Principal subjects of concern and recommendations 6.The Committee notes with appreciation the initiation in 2017 of the State Party’s democratic transition, and commends the State Party for its engagement in promoting the implementation of the Convention. In the present concluding observations, the Committee conveys ...
6. The Committee notes with appreciation the initiation in 2017 of the State Party’s democratic transition, and commends the State Party for its engagement in promoting the implementation of the Convention. In the present concluding observations, the Committee conveys its concerns and recommendations in a constructive ...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: e41ae183-e6f4-4ad3-baee-8320c7cdd289
cbc58afb-bd60-4481-8cc0-d91d57d28365
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Applicability of the Convention 7.The Committee notes the State Party’s dualistic legal system, under which international obligations must be incorporated into domestic legislation in order to be applicable, and regrets that the Convention has not yet been incorporated into domestic legislation. It also regrets that no...
7. The Committee notes the State Party’s dualistic legal system, under which international obligations must be incorporated into domestic legislation in order to be applicable, and regrets that the Convention has not yet been incorporated into domestic legislation. It also regrets that no decisions have been issued by ...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: cbc58afb-bd60-4481-8cc0-d91d57d28365
e25de1e0-7a19-43dd-bf03-823c66ddb93c
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Applicability of the Convention 8. The Committee calls upon the State Party to incorporate the Convention into domestic legislation and ensure that its provisions are directly invoked before and applied by national courts or other competent authorities. It also invites the State Party to provide systematic training for...
8. The Committee calls upon the State Party to incorporate the Convention into domestic legislation and ensure that its provisions are directly invoked before and applied by national courts or other competent authorities. It also invites the State Party to provide systematic training for judges, prosecutors and lawyers...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: e25de1e0-7a19-43dd-bf03-823c66ddb93c
8c414ca4-2212-40c5-b700-0260bdb5349c
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Persons affected by armed conflict" ]
[ "Legal & institutional reform", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments", "Data collection & research" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Constitutional and legislative reforms 9.The Committee acknowledges the ongoing efforts of the State Party to harmonize the national legislation with the Convention, including its commitment to finalizing the bill on enforced disappearance by 2026, which, according to the delegation of the State Party, would ensure a c...
9. The Committee acknowledges the ongoing efforts of the State Party to harmonize the national legislation with the Convention, including its commitment to finalizing the bill on enforced disappearance by 2026, which, according to the delegation of the State Party, would ensure a comprehensive approach to the offence o...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 8c414ca4-2212-40c5-b700-0260bdb5349c
66c1c415-4c16-457c-b706-7e7a458c91ec
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Legal & institutional reform", "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Ratification of & accession to international instruments" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Constitutional and legislative reforms 10. The Committee urges the State Party to accelerate the constitutional and legislative reforms related to the Convention, and to ensure that the bill on enforced disappearance, once signed into law, and the amendments to the Constitution, the Criminal Code, and the Code of Crimi...
10. The Committee urges the State Party to accelerate the constitutional and legislative reforms related to the Convention, and to ensure that the bill on enforced disappearance, once signed into law, and the amendments to the Constitution, the Criminal Code, and the Code of Criminal Procedure are compliant with the Co...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 66c1c415-4c16-457c-b706-7e7a458c91ec
50a62658-ef28-46f4-a4d4-19c8166340f7
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Access to justice & remedy", "Enforced disappearances", "Transitional justice", "Data collection & research", "National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "17 - PARTNERSHIPS FOR THE GOALS", "17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data" ]
National human rights institution 11.The Committee welcomes the broad mandate of the National Human Rights Commission, and notes that the Commission received a complaint concerning one disappeared person in 2020. The Committee notes the role of the Commission in monitoring the implementation of the recommendations of t...
11. The Committee welcomes the broad mandate of the National Human Rights Commission, and notes that the Commission received a complaint concerning one disappeared person in 2020. The Committee notes the role of the Commission in monitoring the implementation of the recommendations of the Truth, Reconciliation and Repa...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 50a62658-ef28-46f4-a4d4-19c8166340f7
feaa9db2-9a52-43ed-90cf-afada9701dd4
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising", "Enforced disappearances", "National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)", "Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)" ]
[ "16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
National human rights institution 12. The Committee recommends that the State Party strengthen the National Human Rights Commission by ensuring that it has the financial, technical and human resources necessary to carry out its mandate effectively, in full compliance with the principles relating to the status of nation...
12. The Committee recommends that the State Party strengthen the National Human Rights Commission by ensuring that it has the financial, technical and human resources necessary to carry out its mandate effectively, in full compliance with the principles relating to the status of national institutions for the promotion ...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: feaa9db2-9a52-43ed-90cf-afada9701dd4
80ea45ab-18bc-47b1-bb13-d2513e45e7cb
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons", "Judges, lawyers and prosecutors" ]
[ "Access to justice & remedy" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Individual and inter-State communications 13.The Committee notes the State Party’s assertion that it is considering the possibility of recognizing the Committee’s competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications. However, it regrets that the State Party has not specified any time frame for t...
13. The Committee notes the State Party’s assertion that it is considering the possibility of recognizing the Committee’s competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications. However, it regrets that the State Party has not specified any time frame for that purpose (arts. 31 and 32).
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 80ea45ab-18bc-47b1-bb13-d2513e45e7cb
9c3ea9dd-b779-4533-b01c-a253054c1be8
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Access to justice & remedy" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Individual and inter-State communications 14. The Committee invites the State Party to make the declarations necessary, without delay, to recognize the Committee ’ s competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention respectively.
14. The Committee invites the State Party to make the declarations necessary, without delay, to recognize the Committee ’ s competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention respectively.
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 9c3ea9dd-b779-4533-b01c-a253054c1be8
5b6582ef-5f1a-4474-956e-0b312d3cedd4
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Civil society", "Children" ]
[ "National Mechanisms for Implementation, Reporting and Follow-up (NMIRF)", "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies" ]
[ "16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS", "16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all" ]
Stakeholders’ involvement in the preparation of the report 15.The Committee notes that the State Party’s report was prepared by the Interministerial Task Force on Treaty Body Reporting, under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice, and in consultation with the relevant ministries, government entities and civil soci...
15. The Committee notes that the State Party’s report was prepared by the Interministerial Task Force on Treaty Body Reporting, under the supervision of the Ministry of Justice, and in consultation with the relevant ministries, government entities and civil society organizations. It also notes that, according to the de...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 5b6582ef-5f1a-4474-956e-0b312d3cedd4
9eb3f8bd-9805-4215-85c7-4c8f50c37dae
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Human rights defenders & activists", "Disappeared persons", "Civil society" ]
[ "Cooperation & consultation with civil society", "Enforced disappearances" ]
[ "16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making", "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Stakeholders’ involvement in the preparation of the report 16. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure the inclusive participation of civil society organizations, in particular all those working in the area of enforced disappearance and human rights protection, in the whole cycle of reporting to the Commit...
16. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure the inclusive participation of civil society organizations, in particular all those working in the area of enforced disappearance and human rights protection, in the whole cycle of reporting to the Committee, and ensure that they are regularly consulted and infor...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 9eb3f8bd-9805-4215-85c7-4c8f50c37dae
2856a9a4-fbd7-4d0d-8cf9-1584af67ffcf
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Concerns/Observations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Derogation & state of emergency" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Non-derogability of the prohibition of enforced disappearance 17.The Committee notes that the Constitution (sects. 34–36) permits derogation from certain rights during public emergencies. However, the Committee regrets the lack of a legal provision explicitly stating that the prohibition of enforced disappearance may n...
17. The Committee notes that the Constitution (sects. 34–36) permits derogation from certain rights during public emergencies. However, the Committee regrets the lack of a legal provision explicitly stating that the prohibition of enforced disappearance may not be derogated from or restricted on the basis of exceptiona...
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 2856a9a4-fbd7-4d0d-8cf9-1584af67ffcf
3ee722e6-650d-4269-b09d-895b2a6792ac
CED/C/GMB/CO/1
CED
2025-04-10
2,025
Recommendations
[ "Gambia" ]
[ "Africa" ]
[ "Disappeared persons" ]
[ "Enforced disappearances", "Constitutional & legislative framework", "Derogation & state of emergency" ]
[ "16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS" ]
Non-derogability of the prohibition of enforced disappearance 18. The Committee recommends that the State Party expressly incorporate the absolute prohibition of enforced disappearance into national legislation, in accordance with article 1 (2) of the Convention, and ensure that no exceptional circumstances may be invo...
18. The Committee recommends that the State Party expressly incorporate the absolute prohibition of enforced disappearance into national legislation, in accordance with article 1 (2) of the Convention, and ensure that no exceptional circumstances may be invoked to justify enforced disappearance.
CED | Gambia | CED/C/GMB/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 81238854-7c59-443a-b143-5884c5a6fc68 | AnnotationId: 3ee722e6-650d-4269-b09d-895b2a6792ac