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4e320c1c-b03c-4169-8328-d267da0d3be5 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 34.The Committee also highlights that the Special Investigation Unit was recognized as one of the few bodies that coordinated with the ... | 34. The Committee also highlights that the Special Investigation Unit was recognized as one of the few bodies that coordinated with the relatives of disappeared persons, allowing for their direct participation in search efforts. Its dismantling thus entails the loss of an actor whose work was essential to victim suppor... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 4e320c1c-b03c-4169-8328-d267da0d3be5 |
96f44865-1220-43e4-a05f-62fd18cecaaf | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 35.The Committee therefore considers that the dismantling of the Unit is a setback that undermines the effectiveness and efficiency of ... | 35. The Committee therefore considers that the dismantling of the Unit is a setback that undermines the effectiveness and efficiency of the search for disappeared persons, the investigation of their disappearance and the prosecution and punishment of the perpetrators, as well as the rights of the victims (Convention, a... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 96f44865-1220-43e4-a05f-62fd18cecaaf |
dfb3b249-b1f6-4fe7-8e2b-049a86b4c499 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 36.In this regard, the Committee notes that, as indicated by the State Party in its replies, no budget act has been adopted since 2022.... | 36. In this regard, the Committee notes that, as indicated by the State Party in its replies, no budget act has been adopted since 2022. It also notes that this situation has continued into 2025, since, contrary to the indications of the State Party, the National Congress did not consider the draft budget for the 2025 ... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: dfb3b249-b1f6-4fe7-8e2b-049a86b4c499 |
d75f26c8-a537-4e50-b12a-05a99c575425 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Vulnerable persons/groups"
] | [
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion",
"4.a - Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools"
] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 37.The State claims that the extension of the 2023 budget “guarantees the continuity of the State’s operations under the same budget pr... | 37. The State claims that the extension of the 2023 budget “guarantees the continuity of the State’s operations under the same budget projections” in 2024. However, in this regard, the Committee is concerned about several allegations received following the submission of the stand-alone request to the State Party, accor... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: d75f26c8-a537-4e50-b12a-05a99c575425 |
b9f6551b-22c4-433d-8041-071af09cb491 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Military personnel"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Transitional justice",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 38.Similarly, the Committee is concerned that, in addition to the abolition of several of the institutions that contribute to search, i... | 38. Similarly, the Committee is concerned that, in addition to the abolition of several of the institutions that contribute to search, investigation, reparation and memory efforts, and the budget cuts, the State Party has adopted measures that limit the ability of these institutions to act, including the following: (a)... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: b9f6551b-22c4-433d-8041-071af09cb491 |
cfa147b3-245b-4182-aec9-51c0238c2508 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 39.With regard to reparations programmes, the Committee notes that, according to the figures provided by the State Party, 40 ministeria... | 39. With regard to reparations programmes, the Committee notes that, according to the figures provided by the State Party, 40 ministerial orders were issued between January and October 2024, of which 10 were positive and 30 were refusals. In the absence of information on the criteria applied for the adoption of the dec... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: cfa147b3-245b-4182-aec9-51c0238c2508 |
5d51e4d8-6990-4b17-96fc-e460b91c7c19 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 40.In this context, the Committee notes with concern the suspicions expressed by the State Party regarding the issuance of decisions on... | 40. In this context, the Committee notes with concern the suspicions expressed by the State Party regarding the issuance of decisions on reparations, referring to “the existence of exceptionally serious institutional misconduct and significant fraudulent acts”. The Committee stresses the importance of investigating the... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 5d51e4d8-6990-4b17-96fc-e460b91c7c19 |
71731dd7-4d4a-48ae-b72b-9acb17a5d2ba | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [
"National Human Rights Action Plans (or specific areas) / implementation plans",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 41.With regard to the question of the continuation of the work previously carried out by the Special Investigation Unit since the entry... | 41. With regard to the question of the continuation of the work previously carried out by the Special Investigation Unit since the entry into force of Decree No. 727/2024, the Committee notes that, according to the State Party, the National Commission for the Right to an Identity has adopted a plan of action to ensure ... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 71731dd7-4d4a-48ae-b72b-9acb17a5d2ba |
e13ae9a7-25b1-4c24-a3eb-061319ad3030 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials"
] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 42.The Committee also notes the information provided by the State Party on the implementation of strict safeguards to protect stored in... | 42. The Committee also notes the information provided by the State Party on the implementation of strict safeguards to protect stored information, which include controlling access to files through protocols and security measures overseen by the Federal Police Force, as well as the State Party’s assertion that this meth... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: e13ae9a7-25b1-4c24-a3eb-061319ad3030 |
49d0eb0d-5a78-41e5-8e02-aa2517bfaf36 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 43.The activities described above are of the utmost importance for search and investigation efforts and were previously carried out by ... | 43. The activities described above are of the utmost importance for search and investigation efforts and were previously carried out by the National Commission for the Right to an Identity, with additional support from the Special Investigation Unit. Their efficient implementation requires a high degree of inter-instit... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 49d0eb0d-5a78-41e5-8e02-aa2517bfaf36 |
292cb84f-52d0-4bab-81ab-6e3d11b9b12f | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 44.The Committee notes that Decree No. 727/2024 does not mention ongoing investigations or the management of documentation produced and... | 44. The Committee notes that Decree No. 727/2024 does not mention ongoing investigations or the management of documentation produced and held by the Special Investigation Unit. According to the information available, the federal courts have had to issue injunctions to ensure the preservation of the documentary material... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 292cb84f-52d0-4bab-81ab-6e3d11b9b12f |
af8930d9-47d4-4a49-ac9b-67609125d779 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)",
"Transitional justice"
] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 45. In view of the above, the Committee requests the State Party to uphold the right of all victims of enforced disappearance to justic... | 45. In view of the above, the Committee requests the State Party to uphold the right of all victims of enforced disappearance to justice, truth and reparation, bearing in mind that a people’s knowledge of the history of its oppression is part of its heritage and, as such, must be ensured by appropriate measures in fulf... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: af8930d9-47d4-4a49-ac9b-67609125d779 |
d377f716-9e26-4808-a1b0-5e6d9a4e2f7d | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 46. To this end, the State Party must protect and maintain the progress made in search, investigation, memory and reparation processes,... | 46. To this end, the State Party must protect and maintain the progress made in search, investigation, memory and reparation processes, both legislatively and institutionally, including through the adoption of an adequate legal framework for financial management that ensures that the institutions in charge of these pro... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: d377f716-9e26-4808-a1b0-5e6d9a4e2f7d |
9bf08d74-a606-48ee-b1f1-8b63f466e445 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 47. The State Party should also ensure that these institutions have the powers necessary to carry out their functions, including access... | 47. The State Party should also ensure that these institutions have the powers necessary to carry out their functions, including access to documentation and other relevant information, and should reopen, restore access to, protect and promote all existing memorial sites in the country. | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 9bf08d74-a606-48ee-b1f1-8b63f466e445 |
a75c8944-a1be-4519-ad32-a7c99575410b | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 48. The Committee once again recommends that the State Party continue making reparation for and encouraging remembrance of past events ... | 48. The Committee once again recommends that the State Party continue making reparation for and encouraging remembrance of past events and serious acts of institutional violence, preserve film recordings of hearings in cases involving crimes against humanity and continue its efforts to declassify documents. | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: a75c8944-a1be-4519-ad32-a7c99575410b |
95a9ef1a-5e63-48f1-9f24-44f52718dc24 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 49. With regard to reparations for victims of violations committed during the dictatorship, the Committee highlights the importance of ... | 49. With regard to reparations for victims of violations committed during the dictatorship, the Committee highlights the importance of investigating and punishing acts of unlawful association, false testimony, fraud and defrauding the State, such as those disclosed in 2014 in Martínez Moreira, Adrián et al. (see para. ... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 95a9ef1a-5e63-48f1-9f24-44f52718dc24 |
9dbcf08f-5e8e-4f53-99b1-636cc418b32a | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 50. In its messaging, the State Party must demonstrate its full support for the victims of the dictatorship, including the victims of a... | 50. In its messaging, the State Party must demonstrate its full support for the victims of the dictatorship, including the victims of acts of enforced disappearance. Any audit carried out must be based on clear objective criteria that are widely shared with the entire population, without questioning the right of victim... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 9dbcf08f-5e8e-4f53-99b1-636cc418b32a |
ee9a7c6d-4235-47c4-8aee-3123282e3e9e | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 51. The Committee considers that the contributions of the Special Investigation Unit have been instrumental in uncovering the location ... | 51. The Committee considers that the contributions of the Special Investigation Unit have been instrumental in uncovering the location of several victims of enforced disappearance. Its dismantling removes key support for and necessarily undermines the effectiveness of search, investigation, prosecution and punishment p... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: ee9a7c6d-4235-47c4-8aee-3123282e3e9e |
143ed6f9-9bde-40ab-b06d-427b6010d6c5 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | Compatibility of Decree No. 727/2024 with the Convention and activities carried out by the State Party to continue the activities previously conducted by the Special Investigation Unit 52. The Committee requests the State Party to ensure that the investigations initiated with the support of the Special Investigation Un... | 52. The Committee requests the State Party to ensure that the investigations initiated with the support of the Special Investigation Unit continue without interruption; that the documentary archives under the responsibility of the National Commission for the Right to an Identity are fully protected; and that pending pr... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 143ed6f9-9bde-40ab-b06d-427b6010d6c5 |
c645e38c-91ea-4438-8455-5dc821506c16 | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [] | [] | [] | C.Dissemination and follow-up 53. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full ... | 53. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full accordance with the Convention... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: c645e38c-91ea-4438-8455-5dc821506c16 |
2c41f026-61e5-4eee-a376-0d783ad6952d | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-14 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Argentina"
] | [
"Latin America and the Caribbean"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Public officials"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | C.Dissemination and follow-up 54. The State Party is encouraged to widely disseminate the Convention, its replies to the stand-alone request for additional information submitted under article 29 (4) of the Convention and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness among the judicial, legislative an... | 54. The State Party is encouraged to widely disseminate the Convention, its replies to the stand-alone request for additional information submitted under article 29 (4) of the Convention and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness among the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities, ... | CED | Argentina | CED/C/ARG/SA/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7dbdb29e-ab6e-4a16-86df-698d36d85c48 | AnnotationId: 2c41f026-61e5-4eee-a376-0d783ad6952d |
71bd42e6-33a7-43b7-8988-37c41ebcb596 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Children"
] | [
"Economic, social & cultural rights - general measures of implementation",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Ratification of & accession to international instruments"
] | [] | B.Positive aspects 4.The Committee notes with satisfaction that, since its consideration of the State Party’s report submitted under article 29 (1), the State Party has ratified the following international instruments: (a)The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, ... | 4. The Committee notes with satisfaction that, since its consideration of the State Party’s report submitted under article 29 (1), the State Party has ratified the following international instruments: (a) The Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on a communications procedure, in 2014; (b) The ... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 71bd42e6-33a7-43b7-8988-37c41ebcb596 |
52be533a-fb7a-4712-8d13-7e0de29da22d | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | B.Positive aspects 5.The Committee also welcomes the following legislative, administrative and institutional measures taken by the State Party to give effect to the Convention: (a)The enactment of the new Criminal Code on 8 April 2024, set to enter into force on 8 April 2026, which includes: (i)Article 89, which define... | 5. The Committee also welcomes the following legislative, administrative and institutional measures taken by the State Party to give effect to the Convention: (a) The enactment of the new Criminal Code on 8 April 2024, set to enter into force on 8 April 2026, which includes: (i) Article 89, which defines and criminaliz... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 52be533a-fb7a-4712-8d13-7e0de29da22d |
a08655ee-cd0e-4671-9e1a-e858c131b1d7 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [] | [
"Ratification of & accession to international instruments",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"National Preventive Mechanism (NPM)"
] | [] | Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 6.While the Committee notes the information provided by the State Party, it remains concerned about the delay in establishing a national preventive mechanism, which is an obstacle to the... | 6. While the Committee notes the information provided by the State Party, it remains concerned about the delay in establishing a national preventive mechanism, which is an obstacle to the ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishmen... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: a08655ee-cd0e-4671-9e1a-e858c131b1d7 |
2b856bb7-253b-4624-8fdb-a195d321477e | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [] | [
"Ratification of & accession to international instruments",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"National Preventive Mechanism (NPM)"
] | [] | Ratification of the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment 7. The Committee reiterates its recommendation that the State Party ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Puni... | 7. The Committee reiterates its recommendation that the State Party ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment without delay to expedite the establishment or designation of a national preventive mechanism. | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 2b856bb7-253b-4624-8fdb-a195d321477e |
806f86a9-289e-433a-bbb9-5fd357cf24f8 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Racial discrimination",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"10.3 - Ensure equal opportunities and end discrimination"
] | National human rights institution 8.The Committee acknowledges the sectoral institutional framework of equality bodies and human rights institutions in the State Party, including the Federal Institute for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights and Unia (the Inter-federal Centre for Equal Opportunities and Combati... | 8. The Committee acknowledges the sectoral institutional framework of equality bodies and human rights institutions in the State Party, including the Federal Institute for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights and Unia (the Inter-federal Centre for Equal Opportunities and Combating Racism and Discrimination), bo... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 806f86a9-289e-433a-bbb9-5fd357cf24f8 |
4f636020-110c-40a8-b71b-2220f0554efb | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [] | [
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime"
] | National human rights institution 9. The Committee encourages the State Party to continue its efforts to implement the recommendations made by the Subcommittee on Accreditation of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions in 2023 , in order to ensure that the Federal Institute for the Protection and Pro... | 9. The Committee encourages the State Party to continue its efforts to implement the recommendations made by the Subcommittee on Accreditation of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions in 2023 , in order to ensure that the Federal Institute for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights and Unia co... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 4f636020-110c-40a8-b71b-2220f0554efb |
8cc04fad-c53b-48b4-a78d-83ef36e04583 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"10.2 - Promote universal social, economical and political inclusion"
] | Mitigating circumstances 10.The Committee welcomes the inclusion of enforced disappearance as an autonomous offence in article 89 of the new Criminal Code, in full conformity with the definition established in article 2 of the Convention. However, it is concerned about the inclusion of a five-day temporal threshold as ... | 10. The Committee welcomes the inclusion of enforced disappearance as an autonomous offence in article 89 of the new Criminal Code, in full conformity with the definition established in article 2 of the Convention. However, it is concerned about the inclusion of a five-day temporal threshold as a mitigating circumstanc... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 8cc04fad-c53b-48b4-a78d-83ef36e04583 |
35c5db91-dbb3-42ac-8ff6-aa33391b4cd0 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Mitigating circumstances 11. Recalling its joint statement with the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on so-called “ short-term enforced disappearances ” , which emphasizes that , regardless of its duration , enforced disappearance produces serious harm and consequences for the disappeared and the... | 11. Recalling its joint statement with the Working Group on Enforced or Involuntary Disappearances on so-called “ short-term enforced disappearances ” , which emphasizes that , regardless of its duration , enforced disappearance produces serious harm and consequences for the disappeared and their families and presents ... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 35c5db91-dbb3-42ac-8ff6-aa33391b4cd0 |
9cb2bdfe-f902-4a5f-be40-54f8c1f0f3b0 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Statute of limitations 12.The Committee notes that, according to article 32 of the Act of 9 April 2024 on Criminal Procedure, amending article 21 of the Act of 17 April 1878 containing the Preliminary Title of the Code of Criminal Procedure, “the limitation periods set out in paragraph 1 are not affected by any reducti... | 12. The Committee notes that, according to article 32 of the Act of 9 April 2024 on Criminal Procedure, amending article 21 of the Act of 17 April 1878 containing the Preliminary Title of the Code of Criminal Procedure, “the limitation periods set out in paragraph 1 are not affected by any reduction or modification of ... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 9cb2bdfe-f902-4a5f-be40-54f8c1f0f3b0 |
76f1eec4-2c07-4740-a50f-80e817537002 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Statute of limitations 13. The Committee recommends that the State Party amend its Criminal Code to explicitly provide that the statute of limitations for enforced disappearance, when not classified as a crime against humanity, is of a long duration and proportionate to the gravity of the offence. Furthermore, in line ... | 13. The Committee recommends that the State Party amend its Criminal Code to explicitly provide that the statute of limitations for enforced disappearance, when not classified as a crime against humanity, is of a long duration and proportionate to the gravity of the offence. Furthermore, in line with article 8 of the C... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 76f1eec4-2c07-4740-a50f-80e817537002 |
7a21483a-c4e9-45ed-98c5-d76e63af6958 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Children",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Disappearances in the context of migration 14.The Committee is concerned about reports of the disappearance of migrants arriving in or transiting through Belgium, including in the context of trafficking. It regrets the insufficient measures taken to investigate such cases, including in relation to cooperation with coun... | 14. The Committee is concerned about reports of the disappearance of migrants arriving in or transiting through Belgium, including in the context of trafficking. It regrets the insufficient measures taken to investigate such cases, including in relation to cooperation with countries of origin and transit in search and ... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 7a21483a-c4e9-45ed-98c5-d76e63af6958 |
8be496e7-1a8c-44e0-90df-b06ae542e39d | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)",
"Children",
"Youth & juveniles",
"Migrants",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Disappearances in the context of migration 15. Recalling its general comment No. 1 (2023) on enforced disappearance in the context of migration, the Committee requests the State Party to: (a) Redouble its efforts to prevent and investigate the disappearance of migrants arriving in and transiting through Belgium, includ... | 15. Recalling its general comment No. 1 (2023) on enforced disappearance in the context of migration, the Committee requests the State Party to: (a) Redouble its efforts to prevent and investigate the disappearance of migrants arriving in and transiting through Belgium, including in the context of trafficking in person... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 8be496e7-1a8c-44e0-90df-b06ae542e39d |
b70e5a43-b6d0-4aac-9368-fcf465a999e0 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Statistical information and register of disappeared migrants 16.The Committee notes with regret the lack of disaggregated data on disappeared migrants. It is concerned about allegations received relating to the challenges faced by the relatives of disappeared migrants in gaining access to information on the cases of th... | 16. The Committee notes with regret the lack of disaggregated data on disappeared migrants. It is concerned about allegations received relating to the challenges faced by the relatives of disappeared migrants in gaining access to information on the cases of their disappeared relatives (arts. 12, 14–16 and 24). | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: b70e5a43-b6d0-4aac-9368-fcf465a999e0 |
0ed0a479-9f41-4995-8706-0edbe9795963 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)",
"Children",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Statistical information and register of disappeared migrants 17. The Committee recommends that the State P arty: (a) Collect disaggregated data on disappeared migrants, including unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors, ensuring collaboration between federal and federated entities; (b) Ensure the systematic recording of in... | 17. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Collect disaggregated data on disappeared migrants, including unaccompanied asylum-seeking minors, ensuring collaboration between federal and federated entities; (b) Ensure the systematic recording of information on disappeared migrants, including in genetic and fo... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 0ed0a479-9f41-4995-8706-0edbe9795963 |
e63f1d48-efec-4269-929f-3e1f1802213d | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)"
] | [] | Non-refoulement 18.The Committee is concerned about reports of migration control practices that undermine the principle of non-refoulment, as also noted by the Committee against Torture and the Human Rights Committee, putting persons in need of international protection at risk of serious human rights violations, includ... | 18. The Committee is concerned about reports of migration control practices that undermine the principle of non-refoulment, as also noted by the Committee against Torture and the Human Rights Committee, putting persons in need of international protection at risk of serious human rights violations, including enforced di... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: e63f1d48-efec-4269-929f-3e1f1802213d |
c2f2ec7f-0d7c-41b0-bc37-027e5c26ad6f | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote"
] | [] | Non-refoulement 19. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure systematic and strict respect for the principle of non-refoulement. In particular, it urges the State Party to: (a) Consider explicitly prohibiting in its legislation any expulsion, return , surrender or extradition if there are substanti ve groun... | 19. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure systematic and strict respect for the principle of non-refoulement. In particular, it urges the State Party to: (a) Consider explicitly prohibiting in its legislation any expulsion, return , surrender or extradition if there are substanti ve grounds for believing... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: c2f2ec7f-0d7c-41b0-bc37-027e5c26ad6f |
fce1e82d-5583-4e3d-9453-ac73779283bc | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [] | [] | Register of persons deprived of liberty 20.While noting the introduction of a pilot digital register of persons deprived of liberty, the readiness of a relevant draft royal decree since 2022 and the initial steps taken to promote the establishment of a centralized register of persons deprived of liberty, the Committee ... | 20. While noting the introduction of a pilot digital register of persons deprived of liberty, the readiness of a relevant draft royal decree since 2022 and the initial steps taken to promote the establishment of a centralized register of persons deprived of liberty, the Committee remains concerned that there is still n... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: fce1e82d-5583-4e3d-9453-ac73779283bc |
f694f351-cbfc-4695-805e-b48e7b73f728 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [] | [] | Register of persons deprived of liberty 21. The Committee recommends that the State Party expedite the enactment of the draft royal decree on the register of persons deprived of liberty, ensuring cooperation at the federal, community and local levels. It also recommends that the State Party ensure that all instances of... | 21. The Committee recommends that the State Party expedite the enactment of the draft royal decree on the register of persons deprived of liberty, ensuring cooperation at the federal, community and local levels. It also recommends that the State Party ensure that all instances of deprivation of liberty, without excepti... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: f694f351-cbfc-4695-805e-b48e7b73f728 |
75c2f9a6-23dc-4bb8-8088-67e33f55a0fb | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Medical staff / health professionals",
"Migrants",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees",
"Military personnel"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | Training on the Convention 22.The Committee notes the information provided concerning the numerous training programmes offered to civilian and military law enforcement personnel, medical practitioners, public officials and others who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of liberty. Nonetheles... | 22. The Committee notes the information provided concerning the numerous training programmes offered to civilian and military law enforcement personnel, medical practitioners, public officials and others who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of liberty. Nonetheless, it notes with concern t... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 75c2f9a6-23dc-4bb8-8088-67e33f55a0fb |
9ad2709b-294a-4988-bfba-fa9b14d4f0a7 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Medical staff / health professionals",
"Migrants",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees",
"Military personnel"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | Training on the Convention 23. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Strengthen efforts to ensure that civilian and military law enforcement personnel, medical practitioners, public officials and others w ho may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of liberty , as well as border cont... | 23. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Strengthen efforts to ensure that civilian and military law enforcement personnel, medical practitioners, public officials and others who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of liberty , as well as border control officials, immigration o... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 9ad2709b-294a-4988-bfba-fa9b14d4f0a7 |
f4f3ec41-de84-4605-8bda-b7a46b0d3888 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Transitional justice"
] | [] | Right to the truth and to reparation 24.The Committee takes note of the support measures provided for under the Act of 1 August 1985 on Assistance for Victims of Intentional Acts of Violence and the European Convention on the Compensation of Victims of Violent Crimes and the information provided in the State Party’s pr... | 24. The Committee takes note of the support measures provided for under the Act of 1 August 1985 on Assistance for Victims of Intentional Acts of Violence and the European Convention on the Compensation of Victims of Violent Crimes and the information provided in the State Party’s previous reports in that regard. Howev... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: f4f3ec41-de84-4605-8bda-b7a46b0d3888 |
879c70de-9416-4b35-8015-ed5d4feae8ff | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Transitional justice"
] | [] | Right to the truth and to reparation 25. The Committee recommends that the State Party explicitly recognize in its national legislation the right of victims of enforced disappearance to the truth and ensure , in law, broader a ccess to non-economic forms of reparation, including restitution, rehabilitation, satisfactio... | 25. The Committee recommends that the State Party explicitly recognize in its national legislation the right of victims of enforced disappearance to the truth and ensure , in law, broader a ccess to non-economic forms of reparation, including restitution, rehabilitation, satisfaction and guarantees of non ‐repetition, ... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 879c70de-9416-4b35-8015-ed5d4feae8ff |
82df1609-8e10-4684-b271-66c95194020b | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | International mutual legal assistance 26.The Committee regrets the lack of details on international mutual legal assistance, including in relation to Belgian nationals or residents who have disappeared abroad (arts. 14, 15 and 24). | 26. The Committee regrets the lack of details on international mutual legal assistance, including in relation to Belgian nationals or residents who have disappeared abroad (arts. 14, 15 and 24). | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 82df1609-8e10-4684-b271-66c95194020b |
76347600-baa9-4470-a7a0-a5c6118eada8 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | International mutual legal assistance 27. The State Party should strengthen mutual legal assistance mechanisms to ensure the availability of effective mechanisms to attend to requests for support from other States and to assist victims of enforced disappearance, in accordance with articles 14 and 15 of the Convention. | 27. The State Party should strengthen mutual legal assistance mechanisms to ensure the availability of effective mechanisms to attend to requests for support from other States and to assist victims of enforced disappearance, in accordance with articles 14 and 15 of the Convention. | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 76347600-baa9-4470-a7a0-a5c6118eada8 |
f05f1b77-70a6-4832-ac5e-68a89749267f | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Transitional justice"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Enforced disappearance and the wrongful removal of children during the colonial era 28.The Committee notes the decision issued by the Brussels Court of Appeal on 2 December 2024, holding the Belgian State accountable for the abduction of five children of mixed origin in the context of a systematic policy implemented du... | 28. The Committee notes the decision issued by the Brussels Court of Appeal on 2 December 2024, holding the Belgian State accountable for the abduction of five children of mixed origin in the context of a systematic policy implemented during the colonial era. It also notes the adoption by the Chamber of Representatives... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: f05f1b77-70a6-4832-ac5e-68a89749267f |
6c5de505-8f68-4eaf-99ed-324cbbeab5ac | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Transitional justice"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Enforced disappearance and the wrongful removal of children during the colonial era 29. The Committee recommends that the State Party identify and support the victims of alleged instances of enforced disappearance and the wrongful removal of children perpetrated during the Belgian colonial era and uphold their rights t... | 29. The Committee recommends that the State Party identify and support the victims of alleged instances of enforced disappearance and the wrongful removal of children perpetrated during the Belgian colonial era and uphold their rights to truth, justice and reparation, regardless of the date and circumstances of the cri... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 6c5de505-8f68-4eaf-99ed-324cbbeab5ac |
1e8c394b-8093-47b7-be8c-5862d13dfdba | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Transitional justice"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Illegal intercountry adoptions 30.The Committee takes note of the measures adopted by the State Party to address illegal international adoptions, in particular the adoption by the Chamber of Representatives of Resolution No. 55K2151 of 9 June 2022, which recognizes the occurrence of illegal adoptions in Belgium, recogn... | 30. The Committee takes note of the measures adopted by the State Party to address illegal international adoptions, in particular the adoption by the Chamber of Representatives of Resolution No. 55K2151 of 9 June 2022, which recognizes the occurrence of illegal adoptions in Belgium, recognizes the persons concerned as ... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 1e8c394b-8093-47b7-be8c-5862d13dfdba |
d9d755a7-64bd-41e0-9f01-69b5588614e0 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Children"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Data collection & research"
] | [] | Illegal intercountry adoptions 31. The Committee urges the State Party to: (a) Undertake an independent, comprehensive investigation into the scale and circumstances of alleged illegal intercountry adoptions in Belgium to determine whether some of these adoptions originated in enforced disappearance and whether other o... | 31. The Committee urges the State Party to: (a) Undertake an independent, comprehensive investigation into the scale and circumstances of alleged illegal intercountry adoptions in Belgium to determine whether some of these adoptions originated in enforced disappearance and whether other offences, such as the falsificat... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: d9d755a7-64bd-41e0-9f01-69b5588614e0 |
687a7178-be87-4792-a3a6-0f7bd40fab96 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [] | [] | [] | D.Fulfilment of the rights and obligations under the Convention, dissemination and follow-up 32. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of thei... | 32. The Committee wishes to recall the obligations undertaken by States when becoming parties to the Convention and, in this connection, urges the State Party to ensure that all the measures that it adopts, irrespective of their nature or the authority from which they emanate, are in full accordance with the Convention... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 687a7178-be87-4792-a3a6-0f7bd40fab96 |
8dab6008-bb4e-4119-992f-d270bc3680a2 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children in vulnerable situations (abused, living on the street, institutionalized, indigenous, migrant children etc.)",
"Children",
"Vulnerable persons/groups",
"Women & girls"
] | [
"Violence against women",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Sexual & gender-based violence"
] | [
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"5.2 - End all violence against and exploitation of women"
] | D.Fulfilment of the rights and obligations under the Convention, dissemination and follow-up 33. The Committee also wishes to emphasize the particularly cruel effect of enforced disappearance on women and children. Women who are subjected to enforced disappearance are particularly vulnerable to sexual and other forms o... | 33. The Committee also wishes to emphasize the particularly cruel effect of enforced disappearance on women and children. Women who are subjected to enforced disappearance are particularly vulnerable to sexual and other forms of gender-based violence. Women who are relatives of a disappeared person, and thus victims ac... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 8dab6008-bb4e-4119-992f-d270bc3680a2 |
190481a2-b5c9-417b-a7a0-4c5d54ee0010 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Civil society",
"Public officials"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Cooperation & Follow up with Treaty Bodies",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | D.Fulfilment of the rights and obligations under the Convention, dissemination and follow-up 34. The State Party is encouraged to widely disseminate the Convention, the additional information that it submitted under article 29 (4) of the Convention and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness am... | 34. The State Party is encouraged to widely disseminate the Convention, the additional information that it submitted under article 29 (4) of the Convention and the present concluding observations, in order to raise awareness among the judicial, legislative and administrative authorities, civil society and non-governmen... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 190481a2-b5c9-417b-a7a0-4c5d54ee0010 |
7cfd9ce4-25fd-45b0-83a2-7721205cb134 | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | CED | 2025-04-11 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Belgium"
] | [
"Western Europe & Others"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Civil society",
"Children"
] | [
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [] | D.Fulfilment of the rights and obligations under the Convention, dissemination and follow-up 35. Under article 29 (4) of the Convention, and with a view to strengthening its cooperation with the State P arty, the Committee requests the State P arty to submit, by no later than 4 April 2028, specific and updated informat... | 35. Under article 29 (4) of the Convention, and with a view to strengthening its cooperation with the State Party, the Committee requests the State Party to submit, by no later than 4 April 2028, specific and updated information on the implementation of its recommendations concerning measures to prevent enforced disapp... | CED | Belgium | CED/C/BEL/OAI/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: d8eaba9a-cbfa-47de-844a-b6b1b004fb65 | AnnotationId: 7cfd9ce4-25fd-45b0-83a2-7721205cb134 |
92c73b21-a5bb-47cf-9e1d-c6e55e0d9e2a | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"International criminal & humanitarian law (including crimes against humanity, war crimes, genocide)",
"Ratification of & accession to international instruments"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | B.Positive aspects 4.The Committee notes with satisfaction that the State Party has ratified or acceded to all the international human rights instruments, as well as most of the optional protocols to those instruments, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. | 4. The Committee notes with satisfaction that the State Party has ratified or acceded to all the international human rights instruments, as well as most of the optional protocols to those instruments, and the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 92c73b21-a5bb-47cf-9e1d-c6e55e0d9e2a |
00affb65-4c47-462c-9271-35b52801b765 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [] | [
"Cooperation & Follow up with Special Procedures"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | B.Positive aspects 5.The Committee welcomes the standing invitation issued by the State Party to all special procedures of the Human Rights Council. It also welcomes the commitment undertaken by the State Party to promote the implementation of the Convention and to take account of the Committee’s concerns and recommend... | 5. The Committee welcomes the standing invitation issued by the State Party to all special procedures of the Human Rights Council. It also welcomes the commitment undertaken by the State Party to promote the implementation of the Convention and to take account of the Committee’s concerns and recommendations in order to... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 00affb65-4c47-462c-9271-35b52801b765 |
a716fb58-9fb8-4aa6-af88-76529b60375d | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"People of African Descent",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups",
"Non-citizens"
] | [
"Rights related to name, identity & nationality",
"Legal & institutional reform",
"Right to life",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
... | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"1.4 - Equal rights to ownership, basic services, technology and economic resources",
"16.9 - Universal legal identity and birth registration",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to ... | B.Positive aspects 6.The Committee welcomes the positive steps taken by the State Party in areas related to the Convention, including: (a)The adoption of Act No. 2024-22 of 26 July 2024, which provided for reforms to the Benin Human Rights Commission in order to bring it into line with the principles relating to the st... | 6. The Committee welcomes the positive steps taken by the State Party in areas related to the Convention, including: (a) The adoption of Act No. 2024-22 of 26 July 2024, which provided for reforms to the Benin Human Rights Commission in order to bring it into line with the principles relating to the status of national ... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: a716fb58-9fb8-4aa6-af88-76529b60375d |
4f71d298-66be-4794-8c4d-6be821aeada3 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [] | [
"Access to justice & remedy"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Competence of the Committee under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention 7.The Committee notes the statement made by the delegation of the State Party during the dialogue that the State Party has reconsidered its position regarding the declarations to recognize the Committee’s competence to receive individual or inter-St... | 7. The Committee notes the statement made by the delegation of the State Party during the dialogue that the State Party has reconsidered its position regarding the declarations to recognize the Committee’s competence to receive individual or inter-State communications and is willing to consider recognizing that compete... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 4f71d298-66be-4794-8c4d-6be821aeada3 |
b845be51-f911-4322-bfc0-e0d5dc2ae532 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Competence of the Committee under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention 8. The Committee invites the State Party to recognize as soon as possible the Committee ’ s competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention , with a view to ensuring the full ef... | 8. The Committee invites the State Party to recognize as soon as possible the Committee ’ s competence to receive and consider individual and inter-State communications under articles 31 and 32 of the Convention , with a view to ensuring the full effectiveness of the Convention and strengthening the protection of victi... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: b845be51-f911-4322-bfc0-e0d5dc2ae532 |
6bd593e8-02ac-4501-a010-fc3ad28b2625 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [] | [
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Ratification of & accession to international instruments"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Applicability of the Convention 9.The Committee notes that, under article 147 of the Constitution, international treaties and agreements ratified by the State Party take, upon publication, precedence over national laws. It regrets, however, that the State Party did not provide information on decisions of national court... | 9. The Committee notes that, under article 147 of the Constitution, international treaties and agreements ratified by the State Party take, upon publication, precedence over national laws. It regrets, however, that the State Party did not provide information on decisions of national courts or other competent authoritie... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 6bd593e8-02ac-4501-a010-fc3ad28b2625 |
085e8f47-35a1-40bc-b959-7d9b1d273d4f | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Applicability of the Convention 10. The Committee recommends that the State Party, in compliance with article 147 of its Constitution, ensure that the provisions of the Convention may be directly invoked and applied by national courts and other competent authorities without any qualification or limitation. To this end,... | 10. The Committee recommends that the State Party, in compliance with article 147 of its Constitution, ensure that the provisions of the Convention may be directly invoked and applied by national courts and other competent authorities without any qualification or limitation. To this end, the Committee invites the State... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 085e8f47-35a1-40bc-b959-7d9b1d273d4f |
79a570ee-812b-488c-bdc6-cc5b40dc74e2 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [] | [
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"National Preventive Mechanism (NPM)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime"
] | National human rights institution 11.The Committee welcomes the broad mandate of the Benin Human Rights Commission, including as the national mechanism for the prevention of torture since July 2024. However, the Committee shares the concerns highlighted by the Subcommittee on Accreditation of the Global Alliance of Nat... | 11. The Committee welcomes the broad mandate of the Benin Human Rights Commission, including as the national mechanism for the prevention of torture since July 2024. However, the Committee shares the concerns highlighted by the Subcommittee on Accreditation of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions i... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 79a570ee-812b-488c-bdc6-cc5b40dc74e2 |
bfdfb434-458e-475b-a028-125f05b21a49 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Good governance & corruption",
"Enforced disappearances",
"National Human Rights Institution (NHRI)",
"Budget & resources (for human rights implementation)"
] | [
"16.a - Strong institutions to prevent violence, terrorism and crime",
"16.6 - Effective, accountable and transparent institutions"
] | National human rights institution 12. The Committee supports the recommendations made by the Subcommittee on Accreditation of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions to the State Party that it should strengthen the Benin Human Rights Commission by providing it with: (a) A complete institutional framew... | 12. The Committee supports the recommendations made by the Subcommittee on Accreditation of the Global Alliance of National Human Rights Institutions to the State Party that it should strengthen the Benin Human Rights Commission by providing it with: (a) A complete institutional framework and working methods ; (b) A cl... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: bfdfb434-458e-475b-a028-125f05b21a49 |
32e77bf7-70b9-4323-bc07-92768bee05b1 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Civil society"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making"
] | Stakeholder involvement in the preparation of the report 13.The Committee notes the State Party’s statement that several civil society organizations engaged in human rights advocacy took part in the preparation and validation of the State Party’s report to the Committee and that several helpful contributions were incor... | 13. The Committee notes the State Party’s statement that several civil society organizations engaged in human rights advocacy took part in the preparation and validation of the State Party’s report to the Committee and that several helpful contributions were incorporated into the report. However, it regrets the lack of... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 32e77bf7-70b9-4323-bc07-92768bee05b1 |
33a2506b-f2d9-4d47-8683-081634012f52 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Civil society"
] | [
"Cooperation & consultation with civil society",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16.7 - Responsive, inclusive and representative decision-making"
] | Stakeholder involvement in the preparation of the report 14. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that civil society organizations that work on the issue of enforced disappearance or provide support to victims are invited to participate in all stages of the process of prepar ing reports to the Committee... | 14. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that civil society organizations that work on the issue of enforced disappearance or provide support to victims are invited to participate in all stages of the process of preparing reports to the Committee and are regularly consulted and informed about all matter... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 33a2506b-f2d9-4d47-8683-081634012f52 |
ad993bb8-ac95-4e8f-af6d-ba6736905714 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Arbitrary arrest & detention",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Non-derogability of the prohibition of enforced disappearance 15.The Committee notes the provisions of articles 18 and 19 of the Constitution of Benin on the prohibition of arbitrary detention and the sanctity of the human person. It also notes the delegation’s statement that no exceptional circumstances may be invoked... | 15. The Committee notes the provisions of articles 18 and 19 of the Constitution of Benin on the prohibition of arbitrary detention and the sanctity of the human person. It also notes the delegation’s statement that no exceptional circumstances may be invoked to justify a disappearance and that any such violations may ... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: ad993bb8-ac95-4e8f-af6d-ba6736905714 |
5d0473f1-4dd5-4312-843b-21aacdc6899f | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Derogation & state of emergency"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Non-derogability of the prohibition of enforced disappearance 16. The Committee recommends that the State Party expressly incorporate the absolute prohibition of enforced disappearance into its legislation, in accordance with article 1 (2) of the Convention, so as to ensure that no exceptional circumstances may ever be... | 16. The Committee recommends that the State Party expressly incorporate the absolute prohibition of enforced disappearance into its legislation, in accordance with article 1 (2) of the Convention, so as to ensure that no exceptional circumstances may ever be invoked to justify enforced disappearance . | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 5d0473f1-4dd5-4312-843b-21aacdc6899f |
39ae66fd-ee7d-44ff-8aa6-1401f42f510b | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Offence of enforced disappearance 17.The Committee notes with satisfaction the delegation’s statement that the State Party is considering establishing enforced disappearance as a separate offence in its Criminal Code and providing for penalties that are commensurate with the extreme seriousness of the offence and that ... | 17. The Committee notes with satisfaction the delegation’s statement that the State Party is considering establishing enforced disappearance as a separate offence in its Criminal Code and providing for penalties that are commensurate with the extreme seriousness of the offence and that may be increased where there are ... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 39ae66fd-ee7d-44ff-8aa6-1401f42f510b |
83e37e9c-1d7f-402b-82d3-5b5ffcb45340 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Offence of enforced disappearance 18. The Committee recommends that the State Party take the following measures e xpeditiously : (a) E nsure that enforced disappearance is made a separate criminal offence, defined in line with articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, and that the offence carries appropriate penalties that r... | 18. The Committee recommends that the State Party take the following measures expeditiously : (a) Ensure that enforced disappearance is made a separate criminal offence, defined in line with articles 2 and 3 of the Convention, and that the offence carries appropriate penalties that reflect its extreme seriousness; (b) ... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 83e37e9c-1d7f-402b-82d3-5b5ffcb45340 |
08ec8602-6357-4ec3-9cdf-c3626309d2df | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Criminal responsibility of superiors and due obedience 19.The Committee notes that articles 28 and 29 of the Criminal Code of Benin may provide a basis for refusing to obey the illegal orders of superiors. However, it is concerned that the Criminal Code does not provide for the criminal responsibility of superiors who ... | 19. The Committee notes that articles 28 and 29 of the Criminal Code of Benin may provide a basis for refusing to obey the illegal orders of superiors. However, it is concerned that the Criminal Code does not provide for the criminal responsibility of superiors who exercised effective responsibility for and control ove... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 08ec8602-6357-4ec3-9cdf-c3626309d2df |
e8423b39-fb1d-489a-85a8-8f0866d7f3c1 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Military personnel"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Criminal responsibility of superiors and due obedience 20. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that its legislation is fully in line with article 6 of the Convention, which provid es that no order or instruction from any public authority − civilian, military or other − may be invoked to justify an offe... | 20. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that its legislation is fully in line with article 6 of the Convention, which provides that no order or instruction from any public authority − civilian, military or other − may be invoked to justify an offence of enforced disappearance, and that subordinates who... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: e8423b39-fb1d-489a-85a8-8f0866d7f3c1 |
8872873d-8778-4bb4-8cfc-95d5db8b2898 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Statistical information and national register of disappearances 21.The Committee notes the information provided by the delegation regarding the national register that was recently established in order to track detentions. However, it regrets the lack of statistical data on disappeared persons in the State Party (arts. ... | 21. The Committee notes the information provided by the delegation regarding the national register that was recently established in order to track detentions. However, it regrets the lack of statistical data on disappeared persons in the State Party (arts. 1–3, 12, 14, 15 and 24). | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 8872873d-8778-4bb4-8cfc-95d5db8b2898 |
4910a6ea-fa6f-4067-8d42-00f9083d523c | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Lesbian, gay, bisexual and transgender and intersex persons (LGBTI)",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Equality & non-discrimination",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data"
] | Statistical information and national register of disappearances 22. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) E stablish a nd regularly update a single national register of disappeared persons in order to generate, without delay, accurate and up-to-date statistical information on such persons, disaggregated by... | 22. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Establish a nd regularly update a single national register of disappeared persons in order to generate, without delay, accurate and up-to-date statistical information on such persons, disaggregated by sex, sexual orientation, gender identity, age, nationality and e... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 4910a6ea-fa6f-4067-8d42-00f9083d523c |
234c6184-5595-4907-b849-6837ad6295f9 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children",
"Stateless persons",
"Non-citizens"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Extraterritorial and universal jurisdiction 23.The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party on the applicable legislation in terms of the jurisdiction of the State Party’s courts over acts considered under Beninese law to be offences committed abroad (arts. 639 ff. of the Code of Criminal Procedure).... | 23. The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party on the applicable legislation in terms of the jurisdiction of the State Party’s courts over acts considered under Beninese law to be offences committed abroad (arts. 639 ff. of the Code of Criminal Procedure). However, the Committee notes with concern ... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 234c6184-5595-4907-b849-6837ad6295f9 |
9cb2da6f-8943-4d7a-af82-2ee746981fb1 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children",
"Stateless persons",
"Non-citizens"
] | [
"Access to justice & remedy",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Extraterritorial and universal jurisdiction 24. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure , in law and in practice, that national courts may exercise jurisdiction over acts of enforced disappearance committed abroad when the perpetrator or the victim is a national of Benin or when the alleged perpetrator is ... | 24. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure , in law and in practice, that national courts may exercise jurisdiction over acts of enforced disappearance committed abroad when the perpetrator or the victim is a national of Benin or when the alleged perpetrator is a foreign national or stateless person who i... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 9cb2da6f-8943-4d7a-af82-2ee746981fb1 |
05376005-2622-4ee3-aa72-0fb863ff4655 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Investigations into cases of enforced disappearance and searches for disappeared persons 25.The Committee notes the State Party’s statement that that there are no cases of enforced disappearance in Benin. However, since enforced disappearance is not a separate offence under national legislation, such a statement cannot... | 25. The Committee notes the State Party’s statement that that there are no cases of enforced disappearance in Benin. However, since enforced disappearance is not a separate offence under national legislation, such a statement cannot be considered fully reliable. The Committee also notes that the delegation indicated th... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 05376005-2622-4ee3-aa72-0fb863ff4655 |
b4aef7c2-2ae6-47f9-be97-3c037406ee3a | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Data collection & research"
] | [
"17.18 - Enhance availability of reliable data",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Investigations into cases of enforced disappearance and searches for disappeared persons 26. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Collect, organize and publish reliable and up-to-date statistical data on the number of investigations conducted into incidents that may constitute enforced disappearance under... | 26. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Collect, organize and publish reliable and up-to-date statistical data on the number of investigations conducted into incidents that may constitute enforced disappearance under article 2 of the Convention; (b) Ensure that the authorities promptly initiate rapid, th... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: b4aef7c2-2ae6-47f9-be97-3c037406ee3a |
f42539f7-e930-4701-9f40-123a9bf20e1d | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children"
] | [
"Arbitrary arrest & detention",
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Right to participate in public affairs & right to vote"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Combating impunity 27.The Committee is concerned that the Amnesty Act (No. 2019-39) of 7 November 2019, on amnesty for serious, ordinary and minor offences committed during the legislative elections of April 2019, results in impunity for perpetrators of human rights violations, potentially including enforced disappeara... | 27. The Committee is concerned that the Amnesty Act (No. 2019-39) of 7 November 2019, on amnesty for serious, ordinary and minor offences committed during the legislative elections of April 2019, results in impunity for perpetrators of human rights violations, potentially including enforced disappearance in the context... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: f42539f7-e930-4701-9f40-123a9bf20e1d |
85e88963-820b-400e-b4f4-413e72f63b88 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Military personnel"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Combating impunity 28. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure , without delay, that : (a) S earches and thorough and impartial investigations are promptly carried out in a ll cases of enforced disappearance, past and present, and continue until the fate of the disappeared person has been clarified; (b) Al... | 28. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure , without delay, that : (a) Searches and thorough and impartial investigations are promptly carried out in a ll cases of enforced disappearance, past and present, and continue until the fate of the disappeared person has been clarified; (b) All persons involved i... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 85e88963-820b-400e-b4f4-413e72f63b88 |
2df9da4d-a86d-443c-a794-cc647ef83713 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Suspension of officials suspected of having committed an enforced disappearance 29.The Committee notes the State Party’s statements regarding the mechanisms that ensure that any members of law enforcement or security forces or other public officials suspected of involvement in the commission of an enforced disappearanc... | 29. The Committee notes the State Party’s statements regarding the mechanisms that ensure that any members of law enforcement or security forces or other public officials suspected of involvement in the commission of an enforced disappearance are suspended from duty from the outset of the search and investigation or ex... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 2df9da4d-a86d-443c-a794-cc647ef83713 |
03fef897-2960-4dca-a355-05704cf1f1e5 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Public officials"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Suspension of officials suspected of having committed an enforced disappearance 30. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) G uarantee the effective and practical implementation of provisions relating to the suspension from duty of any official suspected of having participated in the commission of an enforce... | 30. The Committee recommends that the State Party: (a) Guarantee the effective and practical implementation of provisions relating to the suspension from duty of any official suspected of having participated in the commission of an enforced disappearance from the outset of the investigation and for its entire duration,... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 03fef897-2960-4dca-a355-05704cf1f1e5 |
7110898f-c74a-4296-ade5-ff1ecd421ce7 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Human rights defenders & activists",
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Rights related to marriage & family",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Protection of persons who report cases of enforced disappearance or participate in the investigations 31.The Committee notes that, according to the State Party, witness protection is provided for under the Persons and Family Code. The Committee regrets not having received sufficient information on the practical impleme... | 31. The Committee notes that, according to the State Party, witness protection is provided for under the Persons and Family Code. The Committee regrets not having received sufficient information on the practical implementation and effectiveness of this legislative framework and of the institutional framework in place t... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 7110898f-c74a-4296-ade5-ff1ecd421ce7 |
033f396d-8113-4de9-8287-3d08c32c9b3e | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Minorities/ racial, ethnic, linguistic, religious or descent-based groups"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Protection of persons who report cases of enforced disappearance or participate in the investigations 32. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that its legislative and institutional framework guarantees that complainants, witnesses, relatives of the disappeared person , their lawyers and all persons pa ... | 32. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that its legislative and institutional framework guarantees that complainants, witnesses, relatives of the disappeared person , their lawyers and all persons participating in the investigation are effectively protected from all acts of reprisal or intimidation fo... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 033f396d-8113-4de9-8287-3d08c32c9b3e |
e02e3fee-d21b-46a6-9873-da90e3eb3197 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children"
] | [
"Inter-State cooperation and assistance",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Extradition 33.The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party on the legal framework applicable to extraditions and is concerned about the consequences of the application of the dual criminality requirement in existing extradition treaties, given that enforced disappearance is not a separate of... | 33. The Committee takes note of the information provided by the State Party on the legal framework applicable to extraditions and is concerned about the consequences of the application of the dual criminality requirement in existing extradition treaties, given that enforced disappearance is not a separate offence under... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: e02e3fee-d21b-46a6-9873-da90e3eb3197 |
92ca84b1-e492-4cd5-9cbe-9f5fc74de697 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children"
] | [
"Inter-State cooperation and assistance",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Extradition 34. The Committee recommends that the State Party make enforced disappearance a separate offence under domestic law without delay and, in addition, include it as an extraditable offence in any existing or future extradition treaty . | 34. The Committee recommends that the State Party make enforced disappearance a separate offence under domestic law without delay and, in addition, include it as an extraditable offence in any existing or future extradition treaty . | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 92ca84b1-e492-4cd5-9cbe-9f5fc74de697 |
d8a92ca8-1814-4351-bea3-4c13e85c006f | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Children"
] | [
"Inter-State cooperation and assistance",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Non-refoulement and extradition 35.The Committee notes with satisfaction that Benin is a Party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and that the principle of non-refoulement is set out in its national legislation. However, the Committee regrets the lack of information on the legal safeguards in place ag... | 35. The Committee notes with satisfaction that Benin is a Party to the Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and that the principle of non-refoulement is set out in its national legislation. However, the Committee regrets the lack of information on the legal safeguards in place against the risk of being subject... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: d8a92ca8-1814-4351-bea3-4c13e85c006f |
f5e1c4b4-dae2-4a95-a136-b43e0e8957fc | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Refugees & asylum seekers",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Children"
] | [
"Inter-State cooperation and assistance",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [] | Non-refoulement and extradition 36. The Committee recommends that the State Party strengthen its legal framework to ensure that the principle of non-refoulement is respected whenever there are substantial grounds for believing that the person concerned would be in danger of being subjected to enforced disappearance. In... | 36. The Committee recommends that the State Party strengthen its legal framework to ensure that the principle of non-refoulement is respected whenever there are substantial grounds for believing that the person concerned would be in danger of being subjected to enforced disappearance. In th is regard, the Committee rec... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: f5e1c4b4-dae2-4a95-a136-b43e0e8957fc |
937ea2c6-ef43-43af-beb5-83d4d99be3b1 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Internally displaced persons",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Human rights & counter-terrorism",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour"
] | Enforced disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, migration, forced displacement and counter-terrorism activities 37.The Committee welcomes the commitment undertaken by the State Party to prevent and eradicate trafficking in persons. However, the Committee regrets the lack of information from the State P... | 37. The Committee welcomes the commitment undertaken by the State Party to prevent and eradicate trafficking in persons. However, the Committee regrets the lack of information from the State Party on how it addresses the risk of enforced disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, as well as in the contexts... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 937ea2c6-ef43-43af-beb5-83d4d99be3b1 |
43c2664d-54c2-4a5d-ad7a-05e252ee39ee | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Children",
"Internally displaced persons",
"Migrants"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Support to victims & witnesses",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Human trafficking & contemporary forms of slavery",
"Human rights & counter-terrorism",
"Children: definition; general principles; protection",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"4.7 - Education for sustainable development and global citizenship",
"16.2 - Protect children from abuse, exploitation, trafficking and violence",
"8.7 - End modern slavery, trafficking and child labour",
"4.a - Build and upgrade inclusive and safe schools",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to ju... | Enforced disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons, migration, forced displacement and counter-terrorism activities 38. The Committee urges the State Party to: (a) Ensure that all allegations of disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons , migration, forced displacement or counter-terrorism act... | 38. The Committee urges the State Party to: (a) Ensure that all allegations of disappearance in the context of trafficking in persons , migration, forced displacement or counter-terrorism activities are systematically registered and thoroughly investigated and that it is taken into account that the alleged acts may con... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 43c2664d-54c2-4a5d-ad7a-05e252ee39ee |
5bf1bb30-6104-4161-bad8-bea349849d12 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 39.The Committee notes the State Party’s assertion that secret detention is not authorized but regrets that the prohibition is not expressly set out in national legislation (art. 17). | 39. The Committee notes the State Party’s assertion that secret detention is not authorized but regrets that the prohibition is not expressly set out in national legislation (art. 17). | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 5bf1bb30-6104-4161-bad8-bea349849d12 |
ba105f48-e03b-40e6-9de9-e832657d57db | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 40. The Committee recommends that the State Party expressly prohibit any form of secret detention in its legislation and take all the practical measures needed to ensur e the systematic application of that absolute prohibition , making sure that all persons deprived of l ibert... | 40. The Committee recommends that the State Party expressly prohibit any form of secret detention in its legislation and take all the practical measures needed to ensur e the systematic application of that absolute prohibition , making sure that all persons deprived of liberty are held solely in officially recognized a... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: ba105f48-e03b-40e6-9de9-e832657d57db |
3bcce6d2-672b-4270-b906-97747560cb0b | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Conditions of detention"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 41.The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party on the existence of registers of persons deprived of liberty in prisons and police stations. It also notes the information provided by the delegation regarding the project to set up a unique national electronic... | 41. The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party on the existence of registers of persons deprived of liberty in prisons and police stations. It also notes the information provided by the delegation regarding the project to set up a unique national electronic register that would guarantee the traceab... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 3bcce6d2-672b-4270-b906-97747560cb0b |
ab891a3b-0dbd-462a-985e-f4b6f5af2253 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 42. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure the prompt and effective implementation of the unique national register of persons deprived of liberty , covering all cases of deprivation of liberty, without exception, and containing, at a minimum, the information requ... | 42. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure the prompt and effective implementation of the unique national register of persons deprived of liberty , covering all cases of deprivation of liberty, without exception, and containing, at a minimum, the information required under article 17 (3) of the Convention... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: ab891a3b-0dbd-462a-985e-f4b6f5af2253 |
703ace88-8671-4c25-ba2d-1281d45932bb | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Constitutional & legislative framework"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 43.The Committee notes the safeguards that persons deprived of liberty enjoy, beginning during the police investigation, under articles 18 and 19 of the Constitution and articles 168–172 of the Criminal Code. However, it is concerned about allegations that these safeguards are... | 43. The Committee notes the safeguards that persons deprived of liberty enjoy, beginning during the police investigation, under articles 18 and 19 of the Constitution and articles 168–172 of the Criminal Code. However, it is concerned about allegations that these safeguards are not always applied in practice, especiall... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 703ace88-8671-4c25-ba2d-1281d45932bb |
efd9c872-bcd9-405e-aed4-ae185569ae20 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Medical staff / health professionals",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial",
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Conditions of detention"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 44. The Committee requests that the State Party: (a) Guarantee that all persons , from the outset of the ir deprivation of liberty and regardless of the offence with which they are charged, have effective access to a lawyer and a medical examination and that their relatives, a... | 44. The Committee requests that the State Party: (a) Guarantee that all persons , from the outset of the ir deprivation of liberty and regardless of the offence with which they are charged, have effective access to a lawyer and a medical examination and that their relatives, any other person of their choice and, in the... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: efd9c872-bcd9-405e-aed4-ae185569ae20 |
a89e685f-f435-44ee-a332-00c2ea91c85d | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Rule of law & impunity",
"Human rights & counter-terrorism",
"Enforced disappearances",
"Constitutional & legislative framework",
"Prohibition of torture & ill-treatment (including cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment)"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS",
"16.1 - Reduce violence everywhere"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 45.The Committee notes the State Party’s assertions that the period of police custody provided for under the Constitution of Benin is 48 hours and that that period may be extended only after presentation before a judge, under exceptional circumstances that are fully substantia... | 45. The Committee notes the State Party’s assertions that the period of police custody provided for under the Constitution of Benin is 48 hours and that that period may be extended only after presentation before a judge, under exceptional circumstances that are fully substantiated. However, the Committee shares the con... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: a89e685f-f435-44ee-a332-00c2ea91c85d |
e2f90ad0-ab74-4c23-a94b-b40b84968b4e | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Liberty & security of the person",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16.10 - Ensure public access to information and protect fundamental freedoms",
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 46. The Committee urges the State Party to ensure t hat the maximum period of police custody does not exceed 48 hours, including non-working days, irrespective of the charges, and that it may be extended only under exceptional circumstances that are fully substantiated and wit... | 46. The Committee urges the State Party to ensure that the maximum period of police custody does not exceed 48 hours, including non-working days, irrespective of the charges, and that it may be extended only under exceptional circumstances that are fully substantiated and with strict judicial oversight in order to ensu... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: e2f90ad0-ab74-4c23-a94b-b40b84968b4e |
98e307d6-680a-4069-9384-afabef1843e7 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Enforced disappearances",
"Conditions of detention"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 47.The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party on the provisions of Decree No. 2024-1153 of 9 October 2024, on the organization and internal rules of prisons, that ensure that, if a person deprived of liberty is transferred, his or her relatives and represe... | 47. The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party on the provisions of Decree No. 2024-1153 of 9 October 2024, on the organization and internal rules of prisons, that ensure that, if a person deprived of liberty is transferred, his or her relatives and representatives and any person with a legitimate ... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 98e307d6-680a-4069-9384-afabef1843e7 |
7cf52d2a-af0c-4318-b909-d1d40866ad08 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees"
] | [
"Administration of justice & fair trial"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Detention and fundamental legal safeguards 48. The Committee recommends that the State Party systematically ensure that, when a detainee is transferred from one place of deprivation of liberty to another, particularly when the two places of deprivation of liberty are located far away from each other, his or her relativ... | 48. The Committee recommends that the State Party systematically ensure that, when a detainee is transferred from one place of deprivation of liberty to another, particularly when the two places of deprivation of liberty are located far away from each other, his or her relatives, representatives or lawyers and any pers... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 7cf52d2a-af0c-4318-b909-d1d40866ad08 |
70bff4ab-28ec-44a6-a732-235ec6f326d6 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Concerns/Observations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16 - PEACE, JUSTICE AND STRONG INSTITUTIONS"
] | Training 49.The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party that training sessions on enforced disappearance will be held for officials in the criminal justice system and that steps will be taken to integrate modules related to the Convention into training programmes. The Committee also welcomes the Sta... | 49. The Committee notes the information provided by the State Party that training sessions on enforced disappearance will be held for officials in the criminal justice system and that steps will be taken to integrate modules related to the Convention into training programmes. The Committee also welcomes the State Party... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: 70bff4ab-28ec-44a6-a732-235ec6f326d6 |
e2a492a6-234f-4df2-8f43-be1c2a82a560 | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | CED | 2025-10-09 | 2,025 | Recommendations | [
"Benin"
] | [
"Africa"
] | [
"Disappeared persons",
"Law enforcement / police & prison officials",
"Medical staff / health professionals",
"Judges, lawyers and prosecutors",
"Persons deprived of their liberty & detainees",
"Military personnel"
] | [
"Human rights education, trainings & awareness raising",
"Enforced disappearances"
] | [
"16.3 - Promote the rule of law and access to justice for all"
] | Training 50. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all law enforcement personnel, whether civilian or military, and all medical practitioners, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of liberty, including judges, prosecutors and other ju... | 50. The Committee recommends that the State Party ensure that all law enforcement personnel, whether civilian or military, and all medical practitioners, public officials and other persons who may be involved in the custody or treatment of persons deprived of liberty, including judges, prosecutors and other justice off... | CED | Benin | CED/C/BEN/CO/1 | 2025 | DocumentId: 7415f7ac-7fd6-45c2-8ef4-85bd65f0b0f9 | AnnotationId: e2a492a6-234f-4df2-8f43-be1c2a82a560 |
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