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1 PERSONAL WELL-BEING AND MANAGING STRESS FOR MANAGERS AND LEADERS FACTSHEET 3: THRIVING AS A MANAGER AND LEADER THIS FACTSHEET WILL COVER 1. Overworking i. What is overworking? ii. Reasons for overworking iii. Psychosocial hazards 2. Leadership and Management Style i. Choose your leadership and management style wisel... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.699 | 0.7 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 497 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117470 | [
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ement of your own well-being and good health iii. Resilience The experience of thriving is at the most positive end of the well-being and mental health continuum. It has been described as “a state where people experience positive emotions, positive psychological functioning and positive social functioning, most of the ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.854 | ["networking", "career"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117719 | [
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work and career, personal health and well-being, family, social and community connectedness, cultural and spiritual and financial well-being. 1 Corey L M Keyes (2002) The Mental Health Continuum: From Languishing to Flourishing in Life. Journal of Health and Social Behaviour 43(2):207-22 2 Duckworth, Angela (2016) Grit... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.852 | ["career", "faith_spirituality", "family"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117833 | [
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organisational and career goals, and aspirations. This sense of achievement, along with the persistence and self-discipline, have been shown to contribute more to potential of success in life and work than IQ (Angela Duckworth — GRIT 2). This factsheet will cover three key areas to consider as part of your personal inv... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.693 | 0.846 | ["leadership", "management", "career"] | 467 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117871 | [
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and management style, and looking after yourself. This is the third in a series of factsheets. The first factsheet, “Why is Mental Health and Well-being Important?” helped readers to understand why mental health matters and to identify signs of both poor and optimal mental health. The second factsheet “How You Can Impr... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.692 | 0.7 | ["management"] | 462 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117902 | [
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ded to improve mental health. 2 1. OVERWORKING i. Overworking comes in the form of: » Working long hours at the office and responding to emails/calls out of work hours » Not taking breaks during the day » Continuously working on something because you are not satisfied with it (linked closely to overthinking and feeling... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.872 | ["philosophy", "management"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117932 | [
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t”). This leads to overworking becoming the norm. It is not healthy for you, your performance, and the workplace. ii. Reasons for Overworking: » Increased work overload in general with unreasonable deadlines. Work overload (volume and time pressures) is cited globally as one of highest concerns for stress and health in... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.699 | 0.86 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "management"] | 494 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.117983 | [
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to do more such as working extra hours regularly. » Company/organisational culture that has developed overworking as a norm. » Impact of modern technology that has developed a pervasive culture of work being just one click away and often a sense of expectation (real or not) that immediate responses are required. » Pers... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.698 | 0.868 | ["family", "ethics"] | 490 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118045 | [
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han home or family life — it is seen as a refuge. Our question here is not who or what is to blame, but does it work, does it achieve better results? Overworking may not achieve better results when it is at the expense of your own mental health and well- being. Appropriate work hours and workload are best for productiv... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.295 | 0.882 | ["family", "leadership", "management"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118085 | [
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picture” and often gets you stuck in “the weeds”. “If your job relies on interpersonal communication, making judgement calls, reading other people’s faces, managing your emotional reactions — overworking can make all of these more difficult.3 3 Harvard Business Review (HBR) Aug’19 Sarah Green Carmichael, "The Research ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.296 | 0.852 | ["communication", "management", "crisis", "career"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118117 | [
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O) in 1984 as the “interactions between and among work environment, job content, organizational conditions and workers’ capacities, needs, culture, personal extra-job considerations that may, through perceptions and experience, influence health, work performance and job satisfaction”4. TABLE OF PSYCHOSOCIAL HAZARDS 1. ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.313 | 0.83 | ["career", "philosophy"] | 447 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118146 | [
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work • Under use of skills • High uncertainty 2. Work Overload & Work Pace • Workload or work underload • High levels of time pressure • Continuity subject to deadlines 3. Control • Involvement in decision-making relative to their job role • Lack of control over workload, workflow, pacing, shift work, etc. 4. Work Sche... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.324 | 0.842 | ["decision_making", "career", "agents"] | 414 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118176 | [
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ictable hours • Long, unsociable working hours 5. Environment & Equipment • Inadequate equipment availability, suitability or maintenance • Poor environmental conditions: lack of space, poor lighting, excessive noise 6. Organisational Culture & Function • Poor Communication • Low Level for Support of Problem Solving & ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.326 | 0.818 | ["communication", "negotiation"] | 411 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118208 | [
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of, or agreement on, organizational objectives 7. Interpersonal Relationships at Work • Social or Physical Isolation • Poor Relationships with Superiors • Interpersonal Conflicts • Lack of Social Support 8. Role in Organization • Role Ambiguity • Role Conflict • Responsibility for People 9. Career Development • Career ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.316 | 0.84 | ["career", "networking", "war_conflict", "negotiation", "salary"] | 438 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118235 | [
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y • Job Insecurity • Low Social Value to Work 10. Home-Work Interface • Conflicting Demands of Work & Home • Low Support at Home • Dual Career Problems 11. Substance Abuse & Misuse • Workplace drinking • Binge drinking • Drug Abuse • Drug & Alcohol Dependency 12. Workplace Violence • Violence among colleagues • Bullyin... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.872 | ["career", "family", "war_conflict"] | 506 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118262 | [
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eing done to help? • What should be done to help? 4 Stress The Collective Challenge ILO (2012) iii. Introduction to Psychosocial Hazards: Workplace factors that can cause stress are called psychosocial hazards. Psychosocial hazards form the basis of assessing the workplace and developing actions to prevent and minimise... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.896 | 0.852 | ["management", "crisis", "philosophy"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118289 | [
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ffice, Medical services team, and/or Occupational Safety and Health Coordinator. You can be proactive as a manager or leader to ensure: » Your management style does not contribute to these types of psychosocial hazards. » You are seeking support in your organisation. 2. LEADERSHIP AND MANAGEMENT TWO IMPORTANT THINGS YO... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.695 | 0.85 | ["leadership", "management"] | 474 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118317 | [
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conversations to change your workplace culture i. Management and Leadership Style: Your management and leadership style will make a significant difference on how your team operates, how staff feel, and how well you perform. Leadership styles will have different impacts on workplace culture, productivity, stress, and me... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.698 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "philosophy"] | 488 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118344 | [
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places or bringing the best out of the workforce. Autocratic or authoritarian leadership and management styles tend to retain all power, authority, and control, and reserve the right to make collective decisions. This may discourage people from talking with you about the challenges they may be facing and links with the... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.69 | 0.84 | ["leadership", "management", "decision_making", "crisis"] | 450 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118372 | [
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times when an authoritarian style is appropriate. For example, in times of emergency or crisis where clarity of action, process, and urgency are vital in hostile situations or war zones. Modern organisational development, leadership and management thinking is promoting more transformational styles or servant leadership... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.904 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "crisis", "war_conflict", "philosophy"] | 481 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118400 | [
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action against the known 13 psychosocial hazards. » Proactively supports a people approach, especially in mental health and well-being. You can find out more about range of leadership and management styles from your organisation’s learning and development programmes. Do you know if your leadership or management style s... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 1 | 0.842 | ["leadership", "management", "career", "education"] | 499 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118428 | [
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m the Canadian workplace mental health resources. This exercise helps you to privately reflect on your managerial style. 5 AS PART OF THE UN LEADERSHIP FRAMEWORK, TRANSFORMATION AND COACHING STYLES OF MANAGEMENT AND LEADERSHIP INCLUDE: » Prioritising good communication, engagement, and building trust » Zero tolerance t... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.895 | 0.862 | ["leadership", "management", "communication", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118455 | [
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sychology Today blog on Quality Conversations ii. Change Your Conversations to Change your Culture — communication, trust, and engagement Conversations make a difference in communication, engagement, workplace culture and performance. “To get to the next level of greatness depends on the quality of culture, on the qua... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.7 | 0.852 | ["communication", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118486 | [
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workplace culture and minimize stress include: » Listening to connect and understand others’ perspectives helps build trust. This means focusing on what the person is saying, not on what you are going to say next. » Asking questions through non-judgmental enquiry helps build engagement. » Holding conversations that eng... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.698 | 0.85 | ["decision_making", "career"] | 489 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118521 | [
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te, shape workplace culture and job satisfaction. This includes coaching style conversations. What is your predominant conversational style in your work role? In her work on conversational intelligence, Judith Glaser describes three levels of conversation. Each has a role but should be in balance and used for the right... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.854 | ["career", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118548 | [
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ons — Engaging, co-creating If you are not PROACTIVELY practicing zero tolerance, you are passively and implicitly condoning prohibited conduct. 6 3. LOOKING AFTER YOURSELF IN THIS SECTION, WE WILL START WITH THREE MAIN FOCUS AREAS: i. Stress and fatigue ii. Self-management of your own well-being and good health iii.... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.7 | 0.864 | ["management"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118576 | [
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r health and experience of life is built upon. i. Stress and Fatigue: STRESS Work-related stress is determined by work organization, work design and labour relations and occurs when the demands of the job do not match or exceed the capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker, or when the knowledge or abilities of a... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.697 | 0.856 | ["career", "education"] | 484 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118604 | [
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rprise. (International Labour Organization, 2016. Workplace Stress: A collective challenge, p. 2.) Stress is part of our human experience and a natural phenomenon. Problems arise when the experience is sustained or we do not manage it — regardless of whether the source of stress is still active. In summary, stress come... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.692 | 0.698 | ["crisis"] | 460 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118630 | [
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mon response to threat in all people and animals. It deals with our basic needs for food, shelter, and safety. » Internal stress: is our perception about an event, which influences how we then think about the event mentally. Internal stress can be helpful or can be harmful. If the trigger is not resolved, it can lead t... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.685 | 0.85 | [] | 427 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118653 | [
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resolve the issue to the detriment of well being. » Environmental stress: found in our surroundings such as war/civil conflict, natural disasters, pandemics, noise, crowding, air quality, light, and insects. Research has linked extreme temperatures, crowding, and noise with increased levels of discomfort and aggression... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.899 | 0.85 | ["war_conflict", "career"] | 502 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118679 | [
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capabilities, resources, or needs of the worker. We are not referring to challenge which can be a positive factor. Given that stress has been linked as a co-factor in 95% of all disease processes, a keystone of holistic health and healing, is learning how to effectively manage stress. This learning process begins with ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.999 | 0.86 | ["education", "crisis"] | 497 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118706 | [
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owing up or manifesting as symptoms in your life. FATIGUE The accumulation of stress over a long period of time can take a hard toll on your body. It occurs when we work too much or too hard in a job, have a highly active social life, or demanding family life. 7 Work, friends and family are all important elements of li... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.689 | 0.87 | ["family", "career"] | 446 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118732 | [
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life may feel like it is getting out of control. When there is not enough of a rest period to rejuvenate and spend time to nourish other parts of our lives and when we are in a state of fatigue, our resilience and well-being can be very adversely impacted, thus, compromising our mental health. If you have experienced t... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.7 | 0.876 | [] | 506 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118758 | [
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our organisation to see how they can support you. What you can do to reduce stress and fatigue: » Investing energy, focus, and time to nurture your well-being and practice healthy habits. This is a vital foundation. Well-being is a protective factor against harmful effects of stress. » Getting the right amount of sleep... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.692 | 0.852 | ["management"] | 458 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118785 | [
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hat you described works best for your well-being. Do more of this — especially during anticipated or actual time of increased exposure or experience of stress. » Choosing healthy options such as exercise, mindfulness meditation, breathing techniques, and adopting an overall healthier lifestyle. Find what works for you.... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.987 | 0.834 | ["education"] | 437 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118812 | [
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mmune system” to withstand the impacts of stress. Mindfulness helps to recognise your early warning signs of experiencing stress so you can learn to self-regulate in healthy ways. » Being aware of your coping strategies that could have a negative impact on your health e.g., decreased sleep, increased alcohol intake, sm... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.911 | 0.84 | ["war_conflict", "management"] | 453 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118841 | [
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being. » Enrolling in a stress management course. There are many practical actions that you can learn to help manage your body/mind response to stress and to attend to sources of stress. » Identifying the areas you can actively change that are within your ability to influence. Is the change within the situation itself ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.924 | 0.836 | ["management", "war_conflict", "education"] | 416 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118867 | [
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knowledge about different perspectives on stress. » There are several webinars/videos of personal perspectives provided below you may find useful to listen to and pick up some tips. » Check if your Staff Counsellor/Welfare office or UN System Staff College are running any programmes that you might be interested in. Add... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.7 | 0.862 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118894 | [
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ffects Your Brain TED (multiple languages) • Daniel Levitin: Ted Global — How to Stay Calm When You Know You’ll be Stressed • Burnout Gamble: Hamza Khan | TEDxUTSC. Practical things to learn to help manage stress: • Self-assessment: assess your level of stress • Managing stress courses on LinkedIn • Mindfulness and med... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.895 | 0.724 | ["management"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118920 | [
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rns about your level of stress and the impact it is having on your health and well-being, and your work, you may want to consider the following: » Talk to a friend or your manager — don’t wait. » Seek advice or help from Staff Welfare/Staff Counsellor or Medical Services. Seeking help is the courageous thing to do It i... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.698 | 0.874 | ["management"] | 489 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118947 | [
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and creating the conditions for us all to thrive. It’s quality of life and prosperity, positive physical and mental health, sustainable thriving communities.”6 Well-being can be described as a state of mind and a state of being. Often, well-being is measured by what matters most to people in their life; it is unique to... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.872 | [] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.118972 | [
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certain ways of doing things in some populations. In many indigenous cultures, well-being comes from a very strong connection with the collective group and is not based in individual values and norms, and there can be strong ancestral connections and spiritual beliefs. » Social well-being: strong healthy connections wi... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.862 | ["networking", "ethics", "faith_spirituality"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119002 | [
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nomic prosperity of the wider systems we live in. » Career well-being: how we occupy our time and liking what we do every day. Having sense of purpose and meaning in what we do as work or in our career. Knowing yourself is considered an important part of well-being, particularly in finding your meaning and purpose, hav... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.882 | ["career", "networking"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119027 | [
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s you joy • your sense of purpose and meaning • wellness • connection to the wider community or communities It is important to keep in mind that even when thriving as a manager or leader, our well-being is not always in a constant steady state. Life has many challenges and we all experience periods of suffering and or ... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.876 | ["leadership", "management", "crisis", "networking", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119053 | [
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es, and notice others, moving along the well-being continuum at different points in our day, week, year, and life. Someone with positive mental health and high well- being is feeling good, functioning well, has satisfaction with life, is developing as a person, has strong relationships and connections, and is optimisti... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.868 | ["networking", "crisis"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119077 | [
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is strong, and they bounce back quickly, or don’t hold on to negative or sad feelings or thoughts too long. GOOD HEALTH Workplace Health Promotion: The important elements of the ILO’s SOLVE approach to workplace health promotion7 include: » Lifestyle Habits: Rest and sleep; exercise and physical activity; nutrition; pr... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.317 | 0.834 | [] | 436 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119103 | [
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o and consumption and abuse of alcohol and drugs. » Psychosocial Risks / Mental Health: Includes stress and psychosocial risks; 7 ILO’s SOLVE course: Addressing psychosocial factors through health promotion in the workplace psychological and physical violence in workplace; and economic stressors. The benefits of collec... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.684 | 0.82 | ["communication", "salary"] | 422 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119128 | [
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her. They result in good outcomes if attended to. 10 TAKE ACTION FOR GOOD HEALTH: getting started on your Personal Health Promotion and Prevention Plan. 1. Consider this list of nine elements of workplace health promotion. POSITIVES Lifestyle Habits, including: (1) rest and sleep; (2) exercise and physical activity; (3... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.858 | [] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119152 | [
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f alcohol and drugs Psychosocial Risks / Mental Health, including: (7) stress and psychosocial risks; (8) psychological and physical violence in workplace; and (9) economic stressors (For detailed information on the SOLVE framework visit at ILO website) 2. Which of these have you done something about in your life rece... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.908 | 0.85 | ["philosophy"] | 467 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119179 | [
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lifestyle habits you think are your strengths. 4. Describe 3 elements of Health Promotion from lifestyle habits and addictive behaviours you think are important for you personally to improve or make changes to. 5. What are three practical changes in behaviour you could focus on and what do you want to do differently?... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.864 | [] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119204 | [
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and bounce back after adverse or challenging situations. » Some are more naturally resilient than others. » Some develop this capacity from the experience of going through very tough times. » Others have intentionally learned it as a skill. In the workplace, our resilience shapes how we handle stressful work situations... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.895 | 0.862 | ["communication", "management"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119235 | [
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at we can build it back up or seek extra support. 11 LEARN FROM THESE PERSPECTIVES ON RESILIENCE: • Lucy Hone — The three secrets of resilient people — personal and professional perspective • Raphael Rose — From stress to resilience • Sule Kutlay Gandur — The Superpower of Resilience • Susan David — Emotional Agility P... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.899 | 0.726 | ["motivation", "career"] | 502 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119270 | [
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f the news and seek other sources of inspiration. • Allow yourself to express and feel your emotions. Sometimes having a good cry can be emotionally cleansing. • Take a walk and get moving. Exercise and movement can help increase your energy level and release endorphins into your system. • Remember a time when you felt... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.726 | ["motivation"] | 505 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119295 | [
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some compassion and ease up on your expectations. • Listen to empowering music. • Take some deep breaths. Breathing deeply is very healing and cleansing. • Take some inspired action. When you’re feeling overwhelmed, doing one small thing can help you move forward. • Practice mindfulness in your day-to-day life. The mor... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.1 | 0.724 | ["motivation", "war_conflict"] | 508 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119323 | [
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the same moment things will start going your way. Your belief is everything. You can learn to be more resilient. IF YOU WANT TO LEARN MORE, FIND A COURSE OR PROGRAMME: • Visit at the UN System Staff College website to see if there is a programme on resilience building. • Check your organisation’s learning resources, or... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.387 | 0.848 | ["education"] | 435 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119348 | [
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and Adam Grant on Option B: Building Resilience. • Check with the Staff welfare or Staff counsellor’s office as they may have courses coming up or provide you a referral to other courses. LINKS FOR FURTHER INFORMATION: • Resilience Skills, Factors and Strategies of the Resilient Person • The Role of Resilience in the W... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.321 | 0.84 | ["philosophy"] | 424 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119376 | [
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Unshakable Core of Calm, Strength, and Happiness. Rick Hanson • The Resilience Factor: 7 Keys to finding your Inner Strength and Overcoming Life’s Hurdles. Karen Reivich and Andrew Shatte, PhD • Learned Optimism: How to Change Your Mind and Your Life. Martin E.P. Seligman • Rising Strong, by Brené Brown • GRIT: The Pow... | https://www.un.org/en/healthy-workforce/files/Fact_Sheet_3.pdf | [PDF] personal well-being and managing stress for managers and leaders | un.org | 0.321 | 0.688 | ["education"] | 424 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.119401 | [
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Scand J Work Environ Health . 2025 Jun 26;51(4):265–281. doi: 10.5271/sjweh.4219 Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis Indra Dannheim Indra Dannheim , MA 1 Regional Innovative Centre of Health and Quality of Live Fulda (RIGL), Fulda University of Applied... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.91 | 0.824 | ["education", "leadership", "management"] | 457 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151255 | [
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a University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany. Find articles by Indra Dannheim 1, 2, ✉ , Helena Ludwig-Walz Helena Ludwig-Walz , Dr 3 Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany. Find articles by Helena Ludwig-Walz 3 , Halina Kirsch Halina Kirsch , MSc 2 Department of Nutritional, Food and Co... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.4 | 0.86 | ["education"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151313 | [
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Dr 3 Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany. 4 Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany. Find articles by Martin Bujard 3, 4 , Anette E Buyken Anette E Buyken , Prof, Dr 5 Institute of Nutrition, Consumption and Health, Faculty of Natural ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.895 | 0.854 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151352 | [
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Dr 6 Department of Management & Management Science, Lubin School of Business, Pace University, New York, USA. Find articles by Katherine M Richardson 6 , Anja Kroke Anja Kroke , Prof, Dr 2 Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany. Find articles by Anja ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.858 | ["education", "management", "philosophy"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151382 | [
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RIGL), Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany. 2 Department of Nutritional, Food and Consumer Sciences, Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Fulda, Germany. 3 Federal Institute for Population Research (BiB), Wiesbaden, Germany. 4 Institute of Medical Psychology, Medical Faculty, University Heidelberg, He... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.31 | 0.816 | ["education"] | 459 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151409 | [
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iences, Paderborn University, Paderborn, Germany. 6 Department of Management & Management Science, Lubin School of Business, Pace University, New York, USA. ✉ Correspondence to: Indra Dannheim, M.A., Fulda University of Applied Sciences, Leipziger Straße 123, 36037 Fulda, Germany. [E-mail: indra.dannheim@oe.hs-fulda.de... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.683 | 0.664 | ["education", "management"] | 416 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151436 | [
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Prepublished 2025 Mar 18; Issue date 2025 Jul 1. Copyright: © Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License . PMC Copyright notice PMCID: PMC12278447 PMID: 40101167 Abstract Objective Based on the well-documented role of superviso... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.846 | ["management", "leadership", "innovation", "education"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151463 | [
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of leader-targeted stress management interventions (SMI) on their psychological stress, mindfulness, mental health, and work- and leadership-related outcomes. Methods Eligible studies, including randomized controlled trials or controlled before–after studies, examining the effects of leader-targeted SMI on supervisors'... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.818 | ["leadership", "management", "crisis"] | 504 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151492 | [
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ses and supplemented by manual search strategies. Screening for eligibility, data extraction, risk of bias assessment, and certainty of evidence grading, following PRISMA guidelines and Cochrane Handbook recommendations, were done in duplicate. Data were pooled in random effects models to synthesize g-scores. Sensitivi... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.314 | 0.822 | [] | 443 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151517 | [
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s and explore potential sources of heterogeneity. Results The 25 studies (N=2466 participants) meeting the full inclusion criteria varied widely in population characteristics, intervention types, duration, delivery methods, and examined outcomes. The overall intervention effect was g=0.13 [95% confidence interval (CI) ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.1 | 0.684 | [] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151541 | [
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er excluding influential cases, work- [g=-0.32 (95% CI -0.63– -0.00)] and leadership-related outcomes [g=-0.23 (95% CI -0.44– -0.02)]. Conclusion Our meta-analysis suggests that leader-targeted SMI can be an effective approach for promoting occupational health. Key terms : evidence-based workplace health promotion, hea... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.4 | 0.68 | ["leadership"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151572 | [
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lly considering the increasing economic burden associated with work-related stress and mental health issues ( 1 – 3 ). Supervisors have been shown to play an important role in creating and promoting healthy workplaces ( 4 , 5 ). They are chiefly responsible for establishing and anchoring health-promoting structures and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.698 | 0.868 | [] | 489 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151606 | [
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as role models to their subordinates ( 8 – 11 ). Simultaneously, supervisors themselves are confronted with numerous stressors at work that may substantially increase the risk of negative health effects ( 12 – 14 ). Heavy deadlines, performance pressure, the need to manage multiple tasks simultaneously, and frequent di... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.856 | ["management", "philosophy"] | 510 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151636 | [
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various industries were significantly more likely to face higher job demands than employees without management responsibility ( 15 ). Based on the well-documented role of supervisors' in workplaces and the challenge of coping with diverse work-related stressors, leader-targeted stress management interventions (SMI) hav... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.856 | ["management", "leadership", "crisis", "career"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151663 | [
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orce health ( 18 , 19 ), including the health of supervisors themselves ( 20 – 22 ). SMI are broadly defined as activities or programs that an organization initiates to diminish work-related stressors or assist in mitigating the negative outcomes resulting from exposure to such stressors ( 23 ). These interventions can... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.907 | 0.844 | [] | 469 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151688 | [
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es as well as alternative approaches ( 24 , 25 ). The Transactional Stress Model ( 26 ) provides a valuable framework for understanding how leader-targeted SMI operate as it conceptualizes stress as a dynamic process arising from the interaction between an individual and their environment. According to this model, the ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.999 | 0.85 | ["leadership"] | 494 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151715 | [
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-0.001... |
eir emotional and behavioral responses to stress. SMI targeted at supervisors align with this framework by equipping them with tools and strategies needed to appraise and manage work-related stressors more effectively, thereby enhancing their own well-being and enabling them to foster healthier workplace environments f... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.911 | 0.822 | ["leadership", "resume"] | 455 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151743 | [
-0.005025922786444426,
0.0760955885052681,
0.002698411699384451,
0.060739386826753616,
0.09263715893030167,
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0.013861071318387985,
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0.00722720380872488,
-0.011... |
fic occupational settings like healthcare ( 31 ). Some reviews solely examined intervention effects at the follower level ( 32 ), while others have included all employees, regardless of their supervisory position ( 24 ). Furthermore, it remains unclear whether the effectiveness of SMI targeted at supervisors can be inf... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.323 | 0.826 | [] | 417 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151769 | [
-0.015366856008768082,
-0.023922838270664215,
0.015584828332066536,
0.01780964620411396,
0.001577605027705431,
0.043222103267908096,
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0.023759953677654266,
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0.036792319267988205,
0.07301163673400879,
-0.03637976944446564,
0.0... |
aining setting, delivery method, or target group. Therefore, the objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to identify and summarize the evidence on the effectiveness of leader-targeted SMI on supervisors' psychological stress (eg, job stress), mindfulness, mental health (eg, burnout, anxiety, depressio... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.913 | 0.81 | ["leadership", "career", "philosophy"] | 447 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151795 | [
0.04932120442390442,
0.07044529914855957,
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0.08095192164182663,
0.06709928065538406,
0.06206006184220314,
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0.008016356267035007,
0.03066806122660637,
-0.012342971749603748,
-0.01... |
ted outcomes (eg, leadership style, performance). Methods This systematic review and meta-analysis is reported according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analysis (PRISMA statement) ( 33 , 34 ) [supplementary material ( www.sjweh.fi/article/4219 ) S1] and adheres to the Cochrane Handbook... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.395 | 0.828 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 475 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151821 | [
-0.004676214884966612,
0.08294279873371124,
-0.018007872626185417,
0.038569364696741104,
-0.04246050491929054,
0.06076107174158096,
-0.09730693697929382,
0.11088893562555313,
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0.015124515630304813,
-0.03965199366211891,
0.08537518978118896,
-0.02582763321697712,
0.0212... |
l included studies to check for eligible studies. Inclusion and exclusion criteria Eligibility criteria were defined following the population-intervention-comparison-outcome-study (PICOS) design scheme (34). Population: studies that enrolled supervisors as the target group, independently of gender, management level and... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.832 | ["management", "education"] | 509 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151852 | [
0.06931087374687195,
0.04455513879656792,
-0.01881689578294754,
0.06377004832029343,
0.05389627441763878,
0.06914349645376205,
-0.0024648187682032585,
0.037715744227170944,
-0.03692574054002762,
0.0073533691465854645,
0.08249583840370178,
0.023091008886694908,
0.01846870221197605,
-0.02259... |
ot distinguish between employees and supervisors. Intervention: studies comparing stress management interventions targeted at supervisors with a waitlist or passive control group, or with an active control group receiving an alternative intervention. Interventions that focused on improving supervisors' leadership skill... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.922 | 0.802 | ["leadership", "management", "networking"] | 419 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151878 | [
0.044319529086351395,
0.032595351338386536,
0.012964945286512375,
0.09808414429426193,
0.04206053167581558,
0.057933516800403595,
-0.042198546230793,
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0.056755609810352325,
0.007893326692283154,
-0.03346586972475052,
-0.00239... |
relationships or staff empowerment were excluded. Comparison: no intervention (including waitlist and passive control groups) or alternative intervention. Outcome: studies with any measure of (i) psychological stress (eg, perceived stress, job stress), (ii) mindfulness, (iii) mental health (eg, burnout, anxiety, depres... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.82 | ["leadership", "philosophy", "networking", "career"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151907 | [
-0.003447126829996705,
0.07858612388372421,
-0.028497954830527306,
0.10133427381515503,
0.055832117795944214,
0.08466256409883499,
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0.11149843782186508,
0.01154503133147955,
-0.0022486234083771706,
-0.03... |
ential disagreements were resolved by discussion. We also contacted authors of several publications via email to request relevant data. One author ( 37 ) supplied additional, unpublished data. Coding of study characteristics For each included study, the following characteristics were coded: (i) study framework: first a... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.895 | 0.842 | ["education", "management", "negotiation"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151933 | [
0.11429727077484131,
0.004873593803495169,
-0.01602068915963173,
0.07571831345558167,
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0.03144482150673866,
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0.060952816158533096,
0.05388254299759865,
0.0228267852216959,
-0.033178478479385376,
-0.002... |
(yes, no), management level and occupational setting (eg, healthcare, production or public administration), type of control group (alternative intervention, passive or waitlist control group); (iii) intervention : format, length (<1, 1–4, 5–8, 9–12, and >12 weeks), training setting (face-to-face, virtual or hybrid), ho... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.896 | 0.68 | ["philosophy", "management", "family"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151965 | [
0.08081264048814774,
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0.04827210307121277,
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0.08542528748512268,
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0.019054090604186058,
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0.10811425000429153,
0.0313594788312912,
-0.06997033208608627,
0.011326... |
biofeedback, organization-focused, alternative to the others or multimodal in accordance to ( 24 ), number of intervention components (1, 2 or 3), follow-up periods (short-, medium- or long-term (<3, 3–12 or >12 months); (iv) outcome domains : the primary outcome data were structured by classifying the initially report... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.694 | ["career"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.151991 | [
0.008232568390667439,
-0.020563781261444092,
-0.040767088532447815,
0.09440555423498154,
0.043905314058065414,
0.04790211468935013,
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0.0035699268337339163,
-0.08119494467973709,
-0.038663100451231,
-0.0066359457559883595,
-0.06911084055900574,
-0... |
dfulness, (c) mental health (including subsyndromal symptoms and general mental health), (d) work-related outcomes and (e) leadership-related outcomes. See table 1 and supplementary material S4 and S5 for detailed information on analyzed outcome domains and applied measurement instruments. Table 1. Outcome domains and ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.832 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152016 | [
0.036768026649951935,
0.06139973923563957,
0.006765657104551792,
0.03689420223236084,
0.008750658482313156,
-0.002183514880016446,
-0.023319533094763756,
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0.012373573146760464,
-0.041585542261600494,
-0.020928358659148216,
-0.017260007560253143,
-0.022878676652908325,
... |
onstructs Stress, Psychological NA General subjective stress b Secondary Traumatic Stress Stress Stress in general b Stress reactivity Job stress Effort–reward ratio Irritation Work-related stress Work-stress Perceived stress Perceived stress Mindfulness NA Mindfulness Leaders’ mindfulness Trait mindfulness Mental heal... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.684 | ["leadership", "career", "war_conflict"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152044 | [
0.060316696763038635,
0.029332706704735756,
0.01210540346801281,
0.037289515137672424,
0.09862049669027328,
0.08283431828022003,
0.08577138185501099,
-0.04044737666845322,
-0.03762560337781906,
-0.009064407087862492,
0.027647987008094788,
-0.058076467365026474,
-0.00764169916510582,
0.0296... |
epression and anxiety b Trait anxiety b Trait or dispositional anxiety General mental health Emotional distress General mental health Symptoms of distress Psychological distress Work-related outcomes NA Career satisfaction General work performance Global job satisfaction Job satisfaction Job performance b Non-specific ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.678 | ["leadership", "career", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152073 | [
0.061943162232637405,
0.05410293489694595,
0.019052837044000626,
0.06821627169847488,
0.012878881767392159,
0.09681649506092072,
0.08753757178783417,
-0.07283123582601547,
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0.02127540484070778,
-0.055280860513448715,
0.009862316772341728,
-0.07127... |
hip Authentic leadership Health promoting self-care Health promoting staff-care Leadership competencies Leadership effectiveness Leadership practice b Transformational leadership Open in a new tab a When N>3 studies could be pooled for meta-analysis. b These constructs could not be included in the meta-analysis due to ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.384 | 0.814 | ["leadership", "philosophy"] | 421 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152103 | [
0.010054836049675941,
0.04496394470334053,
0.0013445167569443583,
-0.017786990851163864,
-0.0031982373911887407,
0.03640402480959892,
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-0.0047447821125388145,
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0.0018927478231489658,
-0.037393197417259216,
0.021662747487425804,
-0.02922414429485798,
... |
supplementary table S7 for detailed information. When a study presented more than one measure (including more than one follow-up measurement) per outcome, we calculated the weighted mean and pooled standard deviation (SD), according to Cohen ( 38 ) and displayed in equations ( 1 ) and ( 2 ): M p o o l e d = M 1 * n 1 +... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.1 | 0.702 | ["education", "philosophy"] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152128 | [
0.03386014327406883,
-0.009773622266948223,
0.02303163893520832,
0.03636196255683899,
-0.006126580759882927,
0.03076118975877762,
-0.062381237745285034,
0.1072453111410141,
0.042974308133125305,
-0.011165330186486244,
-0.0003073913394473493,
-0.02092960849404335,
0.03137102350592613,
-0.05... |
mized studies of interventions (ROBINS-I) ( 40 ). Based on the overall risk of bias judgment, each domain of bias was rated as 'low RoB', 'moderate RoB' or 'serious RoB', 'critical RoB' or 'no information on RoB'. For the meta-analysis, we employed the RoB2 scheme, where a 'moderate RoB' in CBA is classified as 'some c... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.3 | 0.862 | ["philosophy", "decision_making"] | 499 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152153 | [
0.08372752368450165,
0.030994577333331108,
-0.07717622816562653,
0.014573336578905582,
0.05096685513854027,
0.06875462085008621,
-0.02214418537914753,
0.13839784264564514,
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0.059119343757629395,
-0.0026426855474710464,
0.056566767394542694,
0.0424576997756958,
0.034196... |
sment are presented in supplementary material S6. Synthesis methods To conduct the meta-analyses, we used the statistical software R Studio (version 4.3.3) ( 41 ), utilizing the 'meta' package ( 42 ). We performed meta-analyses when data from ≥4 studies with different study populations could be pooled. If the included ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.295 | 0.858 | ["philosophy", "communication", "war_conflict", "education", "rhetoric"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152179 | [
0.05036121979355812,
0.030821068212389946,
0.0032974977511912584,
0.0324237234890461,
0.07173793762922287,
0.04661612957715988,
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0.13527555763721466,
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0.0551920048892498,
-0.017668014392256737,
-0.0041121430695056915,
-0.06811153888702393,
-0.03924... |
ty, and >75% indicated high heterogeneity ( 45 ). We tried to explain heterogeneity by conducting exploratory moderator analyses, when ≥10 studies per outcome were examined ( 47 ). Categorical moderators [RoB, study design, control group, follow-up, management level, higher proportion (>50%) of female participants (>50... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.895 | 0.838 | ["management", "education"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152204 | [
0.10950993746519089,
-0.03274744376540184,
0.02023548260331154,
0.08940672874450684,
0.03460963815450668,
-0.0029807265382260084,
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0.022642716765403748,
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-0.005472532939165831,
0.07966909557580948,
0.03257715702056885,
-0.041717663407325745,
0.013... |
analyses (supplementary material S11) and continuous moderators (age, % female, sample size, publication year) via meta-regression (supplementary material S12). Publication bias was assessed by conducting visual inspection of (contour-enhanced) funnel plots ( 48 , 49 ) (supplementary material S13). When a meta-analysis... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.296 | 0.84 | [] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152226 | [
0.09928280115127563,
0.025057818740606308,
0.007668852340430021,
0.03449565917253494,
0.09535614401102066,
0.03403178229928017,
-0.0708773210644722,
0.09264562278985977,
0.013202228583395481,
0.06441446393728256,
0.023842211812734604,
0.01381995715200901,
-0.06037062779068947,
0.0191909056... |
with the methodological standards outlined in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Interventions ( 34 ). Certainty of evidence assessment We utilized the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) framework ( 51 ) to evaluate the overall certainty of evidence for each primary o... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.393 | 0.83 | [] | 465 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152248 | [
-0.0105538135394454,
0.033749453723430634,
-0.0503886342048645,
0.038815587759017944,
0.0269747506827116,
0.021567560732364655,
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0.14275936782360077,
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0.014327061362564564,
0.04292917996644974,
0.018236344680190086,
-0.01690390333533287,
0.09022700... |
ies ( 37 , 52 – 72 ) met full inclusion criteria. Details on the selection process and reasons for exclusion of the full-text screened studies are described in figure 1 and supplementary material S3. Study characteristics A comprehensive overview of the included publications is presented in table 2. Table 2. Characteri... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.844 | ["war_conflict", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152275 | [
0.0861956775188446,
0.017323460429906845,
0.01290614902973175,
0.10452815890312195,
0.03753676638007164,
0.08388757705688477,
0.016872575506567955,
0.08101187646389008,
0.014439611695706844,
0.034035857766866684,
0.025518665090203285,
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0.0008598582353442907,
-0.031375... |
ted; PS=psychological stress; RCT=randomized control trial.]. First author (year); country; study design Control group; Follow-up period Management level; setting Number of participants (IG; CG) Intervention Intervention format Intervention type (number of intervention components); length Training setting (home practic... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 1 | 0.826 | ["management", "crisis", "family", "education", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152303 | [
0.0257355235517025,
0.06570526212453842,
-0.034411802887916565,
0.11148736625909805,
0.011709101498126984,
0.13827113807201385,
-0.06519877165555954,
0.09096518158912659,
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-0.00836915336549282,
-0.007612701505422592,
-0.041077595204114914,
-0.0147... |
d stress management training program Once-weekly 1-hr sessions Biofeedback ( 1 ); 5-8 wk Face-to-face (yes); individual sessions PS; mental health; work-related outcome Subsyndromal symptoms Bennett (2011); USA; RCT ( 53 ) Passive; medium-term Diverse; diverse settings 72; 73 Psycho- educational health and leadership d... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 1 | 0.834 | ["leadership", "education", "management"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152328 | [
-0.01500358060002327,
0.016613971441984177,
-0.028271958231925964,
0.07715223729610443,
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0.033271752297878265,
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0.018841061741113663,
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-0.04919905215501785,
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0.013110247440636158,
-0.07608962804079056,
0.0... |
eminars, links to other online health courses, minimum of 10 hrs spend on user platform Multimodal ( 2 ); >12 wk Virtual (no); self-practice Mental health General mental health Blank (2018); Austria; RCT ( 54 ) Alternative (free time at home); short-term Middle; diverse settings 20; 20 Short vacation based on effort– r... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.1 | 0.714 | ["family", "philosophy"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152358 | [
0.06607683002948761,
-0.08693594485521317,
-0.02419964224100113,
0.04931292682886124,
0.06000104546546936,
0.011735049076378345,
0.020481517538428307,
0.06466343998908997,
0.011545080691576004,
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0.048455528914928436,
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<1week Face-to-face (no); mixed (individual sessions, self-practice) PS Perceived stress Cedstrand (2022); Sweden; CBA ( 55 ) passive; long-term Lower; production 54; 20 Co-created occupational health intervention built on behavior change weel framework; structured roundmaking and duties clarification and staffing plan... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.896 | 0.696 | [] | 511 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152380 | [
0.0046833110973238945,
0.04150937870144844,
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0.040863893926143646,
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0.02600250020623207,
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0.02... |
used ( 1 ); NR Hybrid (no); group sessions PS / Deval (2017); France; CBA ( 56 ) Passive; short-term NR; service 53; 27 Acceptance and commitment therapy intervention 3x4-hr sessions including homework assignments on mindfulness and values-based action Cognitiv-behavioral ( 1 ); 5-8 wk Face-to-face (yes); mixed (group ... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.696 | ["ethics", "family"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152406 | [
0.023333769291639328,
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0.00413996446877718,
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0.04506219923496246,
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CT ( 57 ) Waitlist; short-term Diverse; production 36; 45 Intervention on own and employees work-related stress based on ERI model 1-day intervention incl. theoretical input, interactive group work, case discussion Multimodal ( 2 ); <1 week Virtual (no); group sessions PS; mental health Perceived stress, job stress; su... | https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12278447/ | Effectiveness of leader-targeted stress management interventions: A systematic review and meta-analysis - PMC | pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov | 0.7 | 0.698 | ["management", "career", "education"] | 512 | Stress Management | topic | 2026-03-11T17:38:47.152433 | [
-0.0331764779984951,
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-0.06752055138349533,
0.052006982266902924,
-0.02057637833058834,
-0.0637589618563652,
-0.02... |
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