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The molecular formula C13H24N2O (molar mass: 224.34 g/mol, exact mass: 224.1889 u) may refer to: Cuscohygrine Dicyclohexylurea	{ "page_id": 23524936, "title": "C13H24N2O" }
A bromoxylene is an aromatic compound containing a benzene ring linked with two methyl groups, and a bromine atom. There are several isomers.	{ "page_id": 57407049, "title": "Bromoxylene" }
Chia Chih-ta (Chinese: 賈至達; pinyin: Jiǎ Zhìdá) is the dean of the College of Science at National Taiwan Normal University, NTNU, and teaches at the Department of Physics. To promote the education of physics and its popularity among high school students in Taiwan, Chia participates in many tournaments for physicists. He...	{ "page_id": 46265932, "title": "Chia Chih-ta" }
Industrial Technology Research Institute. (January 2005-December 2013) Chairman, the Department of Physics, National Taiwan Normal University (June 2008-July 2009) President, the Alumni Society of Department of Physics, NTNU. (July 2009-June 2011) Member of the Admission Committee, the Training Course for Teachers of M...	{ "page_id": 46265932, "title": "Chia Chih-ta" }
In geology, igneous differentiation, or magmatic differentiation, is an umbrella term for the various processes by which magmas undergo bulk chemical change during the partial melting process, cooling, emplacement, or eruption. The sequence of (usually increasingly silicic) magmas produced by igneous differentiation is...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
which crystallize out of the magma. Identifying whether a rock is a cumulate or not is crucial for understanding if it can be modelled back to a primary melt or a primitive melt, and identifying whether the magma has dropped out cumulate minerals is equally important even for rocks which carry no phenocrysts. == Underl...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
down past the liquidus. For instance in mafic and ultramafic melts, the MgO and SiO2 contents determine whether forsterite olivine is precipitated or whether enstatite pyroxene is precipitated. Two magmas of similar composition and temperature at different pressure may crystallize different minerals. An example is high...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
and so on. This behaviour is fairly predictable and easy enough to prove with geochemical investigations. In such cases, a magma chamber will form a close approximation of the ideal Bowen's reaction series. However, most magmatic systems are polyphase events, with several pulses of magmatism. In such a case, the liquid...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
for forming intermediate rocks such as monzonite and andesite. Here, due to heat transfer and increased volatile flux from subduction, the silicic crust melts to form a felsic magma (essentially granitic in composition). These granitic melts are known as an underplate. Basaltic primary melts formed in the mantle beneat...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
in this case we are observing a magma chamber which is the remnant left behind from which a daughter melt has been extracted. If such a magma chamber continues to cool, the minerals it forms and its overall composition will not match a sample liquid line of descent or a parental magma composition. == Typical behaviours...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
carbonic acid, hydrogen sulfide, chlorine, fluorine, boric acid, etc.). Of these water is the principal, and was formerly believed to have percolated downwards from the Earth's surface to the heated rocks below, but is now generally admitted to be an integral part of the magma. Many peculiarities of the structure of th...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
no longer be retained in the rock and make their escape through fissures towards the surface. They are powerful agents in attacking the minerals of the rocks which they traverse, and instances of their operation are found in the kaolinization of granites, tourmalinization and formation of greisen, deposition of quartz ...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
magma series – Series of alkaline magmas produced by igneous differentiation Calc-alkaline magma series – Subdivision of the subalkaline magma series Tholeiitic magma series – Series of sub-alkaline magmas == References == == External links == COMAGMAT Software package designed to facilitate thermodynamic modeling of i...	{ "page_id": 3864143, "title": "Igneous differentiation" }
A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is a Bayesian network (BN) which relates variables to each other over adjacent time steps. == History == A dynamic Bayesian network (DBN) is often called a "two-timeslice" BN (2TBN) because it says that at any point in time T, the value of a variable can be calculated from the internal ...	{ "page_id": 1242713, "title": "Dynamic Bayesian network" }
\|journal= (help) == Software == bnt on GitHub: the Bayes Net Toolbox for Matlab, by Kevin Murphy, (released under a GPL license) Graphical Models Toolkit (GMTK): an open-source, publicly available toolkit for rapidly prototyping statistical models using dynamic graphical models (DGMs) and dynamic Bayesian networks (DBN...	{ "page_id": 1242713, "title": "Dynamic Bayesian network" }
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C), or paediatric inflammatory multisystem syndrome (PIMS / PIMS-TS), or systemic inflammatory syndrome in COVID-19 (SISCoV), is a rare systemic illness involving persistent fever and extreme inflammation following exposure to SARS-CoV-2, the virus responsible for COVI...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
treatments have been used, with good responses being recorded for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG), with or without corticosteroids. Oxygen is often needed. Supportive care is key for treating clinical complications. Most children who receive expert hospital care survive. Knowledge of this newly described syndrome is ...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
of Europe and the United States, and it was unclear to what extent the condition had gone unrecognized elsewhere. Reports have since emerged of cases in various other countries around the world. In adults, a similar condition has occasionally been reported, which has been called multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adu...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
of poor perfusion. While the exact cause of Kawasaki disease is unknown, one plausible explanation is that it may stem from an infection triggering an autoimmune and/or autoinflammatory response in children who are genetically predisposed. No specific diagnostic test exists for Kawasaki disease, and its recognition is ...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
common. Some Kawasaki-like symptoms that may be present (especially in children under the age of 5) include mucosal changes around the mouth ("strawberry tongue", cracked lips, etc.), red eyes (conjunctivitis without pus), widespread rash (consistent with leukocytoclastic vasculitis), red or swollen hands and feet, and...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
white blood cells (leukocytosis), characterized by high numbers of neutrophils, with many immature forms, and low numbers of lymphocytes (lymphopaenia). Numbers of red blood cells and platelets may be either normal or decreased. Acute kidney injury and low albumin levels in the blood (hypoalbuminaemia) are common. Low ...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
acute kidney injury, and coagulopathy (thrombophilia). In some cases, sustained cardiac arrhythmias have led to haemodynamic collapse and need for extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO). Deaths have been recorded in a small minority (under 2%) of the cases reported. Occasionally, fatalities have followed complicati...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
in which involvement of different organs is defined, the duration of fever, and how exposure to COVID-19 is assessed. The preliminary WHO case definition is for "multisystem inflammatory syndrome (MIS) in children and adolescents temporally related to COVID-19" (box). The WHO has established a platform for standardized...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
various infectious/inflammatory conditions of childhood, including other viral diseases), but not as broad as the RCPCH definition. The CDC advises health providers in the United States to inform their public health authorities of suspected cases, even if they also meet full or partial criteria for Kawasaki disease, an...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
disease in all children with prolonged fever, but especially in those younger than 1 year of age." == Treatment == Due to the limited information available on this rare new diagnosis, clinical management has been largely based on expert opinion, including knowledge acquired from treating Kawasaki disease and other syst...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
steroids due to resistance to IVIG may be more common than in Kawasaki disease. In a minority of cases, cytokine blockers have been used as a supplemental therapy to inhibit production of IL-6 (tocilizumab) or IL-1 (anakinra); TNF-α-inhibitors (infliximab) have also been used. Inotropic or vasoactive agents are often u...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
trigger for the condition either directly or indirectly (by somehow paving the way for a different trigger). As with Kawasaki disease, antibody-dependent enhancement, whereby development of antibodies could facilitate viral entry into host cells, has been proposed as a potential mechanism. Epidemiological consideration...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
(ACE2), the protein which the virus uses to gain access to cells. While the initial infection is known to be capable of causing acute myocardial damage, occurrence of myocarditis could also plausibly be linked to systemic hyperinflammation triggered by a disorderly post-infectious immune response. It has been suggested...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
could lead to a clinical picture similar to STING-associated vasculopathy with onset in infancy (also known as SAVI) – a condition characterized by fever, lung injury, vascular inflammation, myositis, skin lesions (occasionally acral necrosis), and arterial aneurysms. Variations in the presentation and severity of MIS-...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
and a 'high' impact of such disease." Clusters of cases of the newly described condition have been recorded 3–4 weeks after peaks in SARS-CoV-2 viral transmission through various local communities. Such observations have been seen to support the concept that SARS-CoV-2 infection may be capable of triggering a severe fo...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
One study suggested that rates of children with COVID-19 who do not get MIS-C may be underrepresented in some communities and lack diversity, making it difficult to determine the rates of MIS-C among children who were infected with COVID-19 in these communities. As regards geographical distribution, there has been unce...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
less severe grouping, where rashes and mucosal symptoms are prevalent, with less multiorgan involvement, and generally greater overlap with Kawasaki disease. A suggestion that research into the biology of the disease might benefit from considering cases of Kawasaki disease and of the provisionally defined entity in con...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
that had tested positive for SARS-CoV-2. In Bergamo, at the heart of the COVID-19 epidemic in Lombardy, a cluster of 20 cases of Kawasaki disease appeared to be roughly equivalent to the number commonly recorded there over the course of three years. In France, the government reported on 29 April that around 15 children...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
145 in New York; 186 confirmed cases were eventually diagnosed between 15 March and 20 May in 26 US states. As of 11 May 2020, five fatalities were reported (1 in France, 1 in the UK, 3 in the US). In peer-reviewed medical journals, case series and related studies of the new condition were rapidly reported from countri...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
were being admitted to paediatric intensive care units in the region. In Chile, 42 confirmed cases of MIS-C had been recorded nationally by 28 June, including 27 in the capital, Santiago. In Russia, 13 children had been treated (5 with intensive care) by mid-June for a multisystem inflammatory syndrome at the Morozov C...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
existence of cases of Kawasaki-like disease in the country. In South Africa, the first 23 affected children were treated in Cape Town – the initial epicentre of the national COVID-19 epidemic – between 4 June and 24 July. In Ecuador, the Ministry of Health announced on 19 July the presence of 46 probable cases. In Cost...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
exposure emerged in adults. In October, the CDC reported on the condition and named it 'multisystem inflammatory syndrome in adults' (MIS-A). Questions have been raised regarding possible relationships between MIS-C and certain severe manifestations of COVID-19 in adults. Children's neurological symptoms, as studied in...	{ "page_id": 63895130, "title": "Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children" }
Paweł Horodecki (born in 1971) is a Polish professor of physics at the Gdańsk University of Technology working in the field of quantum information theory. He is best known for introducing (together with his father Ryszard Horodecki and brother Michał Horodecki) the Peres-Horodecki criterion for testing whether a quantu...	{ "page_id": 30996063, "title": "Paweł Horodecki" }
The Shelby Gem Factory was the production facility of ICT Incorporated, a company in Shelby, Michigan, United States, that manufactured artificial gemstones through proprietary processes. ICT began operations in 1970 and closed in December 2019. == History == Larry Paul Kelley established ICT (International Crystal Tec...	{ "page_id": 47707744, "title": "Shelby Gem Factory" }
melted down in the process. A 50-seat theater ran a presentation for visitors, and jewelry was sold on site. The factory closed in 2019 after Kelley was diagnosed in 2017 with Alzheimer's disease. Other issues that contributed to the closing were worldwide competition and online markets. Larry Kelley died on October 24...	{ "page_id": 47707744, "title": "Shelby Gem Factory" }
Antonino Zichichi (Italian pronunciation: [antoˈniːno ddziˈkiːki]; born 15 October 1929) is an Italian physicist who has worked in the field of nuclear physics. He has served as President of the World Federation of Scientists and as a professor at the University of Bologna. == Biography == Zichichi was born in Trapani,...	{ "page_id": 4126306, "title": "Antonino Zichichi" }
in Moscow President of Historical Museum of Physics and Research Centre "E. Fermi" Laurea Honoris Causa from Peking University, Buenos Aires, Malta, Bucharest, Arizona, Torino Member of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Ukraine Member of the Academy of Sciences of Georgia Member of Pontifical Academy of Scienc...	{ "page_id": 4126306, "title": "Antonino Zichichi" }
links == "Book review by Enrico Bellone". Archived from the original on 11 November 2004., Professor of the History of Science at the University of Padova. Official Biography of Zichichi at the Ettore Majorana Foundation Archived 24 May 2022 at the Wayback Machine "Biography of Zichichi at the Pontifical Academy of Sci...	{ "page_id": 4126306, "title": "Antonino Zichichi" }
The molecular formula C13H20 (molar mass: 176.303 g/mol) may refer to: Tetracyclopropylmethane, a polycyclic hydrocarbon A lot of Alkylbenzenes, derivatives of benzene	{ "page_id": 30471780, "title": "C13H20" }
MolecularLab is an Italian website of science, specialized in science, biotechnology, molecular biology, with news, forums, and events. With over 4 million page views in May 2009 it is the most visited Italian science webzine. == Purpose == MolecularLab has several objectives: Providing the latest news and important di...	{ "page_id": 24704614, "title": "MolecularLab" }
and the association for consumers Aduc, receives press releases from the major Italian research institutions, and operates through some researchers to the first scientific blog network in Italy. == References == == External links == Official website	{ "page_id": 24704614, "title": "MolecularLab" }
The Walker Charcoal Kiln is a structure in the Prescott National Forest near the town of Walker, Arizona and situated in the vicinity of the abandoned Poland Junction Mine near the summit of Renegade Hill. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places. A sign posted near the kiln reads, "This kiln was constr...	{ "page_id": 23066221, "title": "Walker Charcoal Kiln" }
Non-cellular life, also known as acellular life, is life that exists without a cellular structure for at least part of its life cycle. Historically, most definitions of life postulated that an organism must be composed of one or more cells, but, for some, this is no longer considered necessary, and modern criteria allo...	{ "page_id": 4585070, "title": "Non-cellular life" }
Some viroids are ribozymes, having catalytic properties which allow self-cleavage and ligation of unit-size genomes from larger replication intermediates. A possible explanation of the origin of viroids sees them as "living relics" from a hypothetical, ancient, and non-cellular RNA world before the evolution of DNA or ...	{ "page_id": 4585070, "title": "Non-cellular life" }
reproduce (via templated misfolding), evolve (different strains exhibit heritable phenotypic differences), and transmit between individuals and even across species in certain cases. The origin of prions remains a subject of debate. Some researchers argue that prions may be remnants of ancient pre-nucleic acid life, whi...	{ "page_id": 4585070, "title": "Non-cellular life" }
In iron and steel metallurgy, ledeburite is a mixture of 4.3% carbon in iron and is a eutectic mixture of austenite and cementite. Ledeburite is not a type of steel as the carbon level is too high although it may occur as a separate constituent in some high carbon steels. It is mostly found with cementite or pearlite i...	{ "page_id": 8386159, "title": "Ledeburite" }
metallurgists leverage ledeburite as a model system to investigate the fundamental aspects of phase diagrams, eutectic reactions, and the kinetics of microstructural evolution during cooling and solidification. Metallurgical studies involving ledeburite extend to the development of advanced materials with tailored prop...	{ "page_id": 8386159, "title": "Ledeburite" }
Ernst Julius Cohen ForMemRS (7 March 1869 – 6 March 1944) was a Dutch Jewish chemist known for his work on the allotropy of metals. Cohen studied chemistry under Svante Arrhenius in Stockholm, Henri Moissan at Paris, and Jacobus van't Hoff at Amsterdam. In 1893 he became Van't Hoff's assistant and in 1902 he became pro...	{ "page_id": 4454001, "title": "Ernst Cohen" }
Photosynthetic capacity (Amax) is a measure of the maximum rate at which leaves are able to fix carbon during photosynthesis. It is typically measured as the amount of carbon dioxide that is fixed per metre squared per second, for example as μmol m−2 sec−1. == Limitations == Photosynthetic capacity is limited by carbox...	{ "page_id": 28243573, "title": "Photosynthetic capacity" }
Ali Farhadi is a professor of computer science and currently serves as the CEO of the Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence (AI2). == Career == Farhadi is an AI professor in the Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering at the University of Washington in Seattle. == Recognitions == Among other awards...	{ "page_id": 75101818, "title": "Ali Farhadi" }
This is a list of Master's degree programs with formal specializations / concentrations in Bioethics, by country. Degree programs may include, for example, Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Health Science and Master of Bioethics (MBE). These may be dedicated programs, or specializations within other discipli...	{ "page_id": 57800315, "title": "List of masters programs in bioethics" }
& Université de Rennes 1 - Master Law, Health and Ethics University of Paris (2019) - Master in Ethics: Research Ethics and Bioethics University of Lorraine - Master in Ethics: Ethics of Health, Public Health and New Technologies University of Nantes - Master in Ethics: Autonomous Decisions and Practices; Autonomy, Res...	{ "page_id": 57800315, "title": "List of masters programs in bioethics" }
University College London Master of Arts in Philosophy, Politics and Economics of Health Master of Arts in Health Humanities University of Edinburgh - LL.M. in Medical Law & Ethics University of Leeds - Master of Arts in Biomedical and Healthcare Ethics University of Manchester LL.M. in Healthcare Ethics and Law Master...	{ "page_id": 57800315, "title": "List of masters programs in bioethics" }
Health Policy Harvard Medical School - Master of Bioethics Hofstra University - Master of Arts in Bioethics, JD/MA Bioethics, MD/MA Bioethics, Certificate in Clinical Bioethics Indiana University – Purdue University Indianapolis - Master of Arts in Philosophy, Bioethics concentration Johns Hopkins University - Master o...	{ "page_id": 57800315, "title": "List of masters programs in bioethics" }
in Bioethics == South America == === Argentina === FLACSO Latin American School of Social Sciences (Argentina) - Master in Bioethics Universidad del Museo Social Argentino - Master in Bioethics National University of Córdoba - Master in Bioethics === Brazil === Universidade de Brasília - Master in Bioethics Pontifícia ...	{ "page_id": 57800315, "title": "List of masters programs in bioethics" }
Sonocatalysis is a field of sonochemistry which is based on the use of ultrasound to change the reactivity of a catalyst in homogenous or heterogenous catalysis. It is generally used to support catalysis. This method of catalysis has been known since the creation of sonochemistry in 1927 by Alfred Lee Loomis (1887–1975...	{ "page_id": 76674682, "title": "Sonocatalysis" }
described this way: H 2 O → ) ) ) HO ⋅ + H ⋅ {\displaystyle {\ce {H2O ->[{)))}] HO{.}+ H{.}}}} ⋅ OH + H ⋅ ⟶ H 2 O 2 {\displaystyle {\ce {.OH + H. -> H2O2}}} ⋅ H + O 2 ⟶ HO 2 ⋅ {\displaystyle {\ce {.H + O2 ->HO2.}}} 2 HO ⋅ ⟶ H 2 O 2 {\displaystyle {\ce {2HO. -> H2O2}}} 2 HO 2 ⋅ ⟶ H 2 O 2 + O 2 {\displaystyle {\ce {2HO2....	{ "page_id": 76674682, "title": "Sonocatalysis" }
graphene oxide, activated carbon, biochar, g-C3N4, carbon-doped materials, Buckminsterfullerene (C60), and mesoporous carbons, are very often used in heterogeneous sonocatalysis. These species are great sonocatalysts because they favour the degradation process during sonocatalysis. Furthermore, they have a huge activit...	{ "page_id": 76674682, "title": "Sonocatalysis" }
due to its conception. The "whistle" reactor is a reactor in which the reaction mix is continuously pumped through an adjustable-width opening, in a delimited area where cavitation happens. Ultrasonic waves are generated in this area by the vibration of blades during the passing of the pumped solution. This reactor is ...	{ "page_id": 76674682, "title": "Sonocatalysis" }
the oxidated bleaching of 46 cationic red by zinc oxide held by bentonite. More than 10% to 20% of organic dyes are lost and released in nature. Finding new ways to improve dyes’ bleaching is an important topic, as these dyes may be toxic and carcinogenic. The oxidation comes from the HO ⋅ {\displaystyle {\ce {HO^{.}}}...	{ "page_id": 76674682, "title": "Sonocatalysis" }
after 12 minutes. == References ==	{ "page_id": 76674682, "title": "Sonocatalysis" }
Hořava–Lifshitz gravity (or Hořava gravity) is a theory of quantum gravity proposed by Petr Hořava in 2009. It solves the problem of different concepts of time in quantum field theory and general relativity by treating the quantum concept as the more fundamental so that space and time are not equivalent (anisotropic) a...	{ "page_id": 25163388, "title": "Hořava–Lifshitz gravity" }
Dirac hole theory is a theory in quantum mechanics, named after English theoretical physicist Paul Dirac, who introduced it in 1929. The theory poses that the continuum of negative energy states, that are solutions to the Dirac equation, are filled with electrons, and the vacancies in this continuum (holes) are manifes...	{ "page_id": 42333823, "title": "Dirac hole theory" }
Isofurans are a family of organic compounds termed nonclassic eicosanoids. They arise nonenzymatically by free radical peroxidation of arachidonic acid. The isofurans are similar to the isoprostanes and are formed under similar conditions, but contain a substituted tetrahydrofuran ring. The concentration of oxygen affe...	{ "page_id": 8779393, "title": "Isofuran" }
Daria Mochly-Rosen is a Professor of Chemical and Systems Biology at the Stanford University School of Medicine, where she also holds the George D. Smith Chair for Translational Medicine. She is in addition the founder of Mitoconix Bio, a startup company whose goal is to produce drugs that treat Huntington's disease an...	{ "page_id": 58128006, "title": "Daria Mochly-Rosen" }
In chemistry, peroxydicarbonate (sometimes peroxodicarbonate) is a divalent anion with the chemical formula C2O2−6. It is one of the oxocarbon anions, which consist solely of carbon and oxygen. Its molecular structure can be viewed as two carbonate anions joined so as to form a peroxide bridge –O–O–. The anion is forme...	{ "page_id": 25163400, "title": "Peroxydicarbonate" }
both of which contain the O–O bond. == See also == Dicarbonate Sodium percarbonate == References ==	{ "page_id": 25163400, "title": "Peroxydicarbonate" }
The point of zero charge (pzc) is generally described as the pH at which the net electrical charge of the particle surface (i.e. adsorbent's surface) is equal to zero. This concept has been introduced in the studies dealing with colloidal flocculation to explain why pH is affecting the phenomenon. A related concept in ...	{ "page_id": 3864203, "title": "Point of zero charge" }
cations (adsorbate) so that the other cations would be less adsorbed than in the case of the negatively charged particle. On the other hand, if the surface is positively charged and pH is increased, anions will be less adsorbed as pH increases. From the view of the adsorbent, if the pH of the solution is below the pzc ...	{ "page_id": 3864203, "title": "Point of zero charge" }
sometimes referred to as cip. == Related abbreviations == Besides pzc, iep, and cip, there are also numerous other terms used in the literature, usually expressed as initialisms, with identical or (confusingly) near-identical meaning: zero point of charge (zpc), point of zero net charge (pznc), point of zero net proton...	{ "page_id": 3864203, "title": "Point of zero charge" }
at positively charged surfaces. At pzc, the colloidal system exhibits zero zeta potential (that is, the particles remain stationary in an electric field), minimum stability (exhibits maximum coagulation or flocculation rate), maximum solubility of the solid phase, maximum viscosity of the dispersion, and other peculiar...	{ "page_id": 3864203, "title": "Point of zero charge" }
The ionic strength of a solution is a measure of the concentration of ions in that solution. Ionic compounds, when dissolved in water, dissociate into ions. The total electrolyte concentration in solution will affect important properties such as the dissociation constant or the solubility of different salts. One of the...	{ "page_id": 2619023, "title": "Ionic strength" }
in Na2SO4 and 0.020 M in KCl is: I = 1 2 × [ { ( concentration of Na 2 SO 4 in M ) × ( number of Na + ) × ( charge of Na + ) 2 } + { ( concentration of Na 2 SO 4 in M ) × ( number of SO 4 2 − ) × ( charge of SO 4 2 − ) 2 } + { ( concentration of KCl in M ) × ( number of K + ) × ( charge of K + ) 2 } + { ( concentration...	{ "page_id": 2619023, "title": "Ionic strength" }
1 n b i z i 2 {\displaystyle I={\frac {1}{2}}\sum _{{i}=1}^{n}b_{i}z_{i}^{2}} in which i = ion identification number z = charge of ion b = molality (mol solute per Kg solvent) == Importance == The ionic strength plays a central role in the Debye–Hückel theory that describes the strong deviations from ideality typically...	{ "page_id": 2619023, "title": "Ionic strength" }
William Skinner Cooper (25 August 1884 – 8 October 1978) was an American ecologist. Cooper received his B.S. in 1906 from Alma College in Michigan. In 1909, he entered graduate school at the University of Chicago, where he studied with Henry Chandler Cowles, and completed his Ph.D. in 1911. His first major publication,...	{ "page_id": 8255120, "title": "William Skinner Cooper" }
classic. Mount Cooper in Glacier Bay is named in his honor. The Ecological Society of America recognizes Cooper's work in the discipline by bestowing its annual William Skinner Cooper Award on scientists who produce outstanding publications on geobotany, physiographic ecology, plant succession, or the distribution of p...	{ "page_id": 8255120, "title": "William Skinner Cooper" }
In industrial automation, sensor-based sorting is an umbrella term for all applications in which particles are detected using a sensor technique and rejected by an amplified mechanical, hydraulic or pneumatic process. The technique is generally applied in mining, recycling and food processing and used in the particle s...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
a particle or lets it pass. == Sensor-based ore sorting == Sensor-based ore sorting is the terminology used in the mining industry. It is a coarse physical coarse particle separation technology usually applied in the size range for 25–100 mm (0.98–3.94 in). Aim is either to create a lumpy product in ferrous metals, coa...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
providing a framework for application development and evaluation. All relevant aspects, from sampling to plant design and integration into mining and mineral processing systems, are covered. Other terminologies used in the industry include ore sorting, automated sorting, electronic sorting, and optical sorting. === Def...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
processing practiced since the Stone Age is hand-picking. Georgius Agricola also describes hand-picking is his book De re metallica in 1556. Sensor-based sorting is the automation and extension to hand picking. In addition to sensors that measure visible differences like color (and the further interpretation of the dat...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
detection technologies sometimes spray water on the classifying screen is required to clean the surfaces. Surface detection technologies would otherwise measure the reflectance of the adhesions on the surface and a correlation to the particle's content is not given. === Main machine types === During the more than 80 ye...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
distribution ==== A sized screen fraction with a size range coefficient (d95/d5) of 2-5 (optimal 2-3) is fed onto a vibratory feeder which has the function to create a mono-layer, by pre-accelerating the particles. A common misunderstanding in plant design is, that you can use the vibratory feeder to discharge from a b...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
medical diagnostics and airport luggage scanners. The main surface or reflection technologies are traditionally X-ray luminescence detectors capturing the fluorescence of diamonds under the excitation of X-ray radiation and color cameras detecting brightness and colour difference. Spectroscopic methods such as near-inf...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
of flight of a single particle by applying the drag force to this single particle and directing it over the mechanical splitter plate. === Installations === Sensor-based sorting installations normally comprise the following basic units; crusher, screen, sensor-based sorter and compressor. There are principally two diff...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
for applying stationary installations are multistage (Rougher, Scavenger, Cleaner) sensor-based ore sorting processes. Within stationary installations, sorters are usually located in parallel, which allows transport of the discharge fractions with one product and one waste belt respectively, which decreases plant footp...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
waste such as acid consuming calcite is removed, the downstream recovery increases and the downstream costs decrease disproportionally as reported for example by Bergmann. The coarse waste rejected can be an additional source of income if there is a local market for aggregates. ==== Marginal ore treatment ==== Sensor-b...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
the coarse fraction of the run-of-mine material according to its characteristics. Possible separation criteria are grade, mineralogy, grade and grindability amongst others. Treating different ore types separately results either in an optimised cash flow in the sense, that revenue ist shifted to an earlier point in time...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
product can be produced, which adds the additional revenue to the cost savings on the positive side in the cash flow. If the rejected material is replaced with additional higher grade material, the main economic benefit unfolds through the additional production. It implies, that in conjunction with sensor-based ore sor...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
by weighing each bin. A trained professional can quickly estimate the efficiency of a specific detection and process efficiency of sensor-based ore sorting knowing the sensor response of the mineralogy of ore in question and other process efficiency parameters. ===== Washability analysis ===== The washability analysis ...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
sensor-based ore sorters. The size fraction intervals to be treated are prepared using screen classifications. Full capacity is established then with each fraction and multiple cut-points are programmed in the sorting software. After creating multiple sorting fractions in rougher, scavenger and cleaner steps these weig...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
A sensor-based sorting equipment supplier with large installed base in the industries mining, recycling and food. Tomra's sensor-based sorting equipment and services for the precious metals and base metals segment are marketed through a cooperation agreement with Outotec from Finland, which brings the extensive comminu...	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
tons of raw tungsten ore are mined each year by Wolfram Bergbau und Hütten AG (WHB)in Felbertal, Austria, which is the largest scheelite deposit in Europe. 25% of the run-of-mine ore are separated as waste before entering the mill. == External links == “Sensor-Based Sorting” == References ==	{ "page_id": 34076303, "title": "Sensor-based sorting" }
The Ortolani test is part of the physical examination for developmental dysplasia of the hip, along with the Barlow maneuver. Specifically, the Ortolani test is positive when a posterior dislocation of the hip is reducible with this maneuver. This is part of the standard infant exam performed preferably in early infanc...	{ "page_id": 8582808, "title": "Ortolani test" }
In the field of genetic sequencing, genotyping by sequencing, also called GBS, is a method to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in order to perform genotyping studies, such as genome-wide association studies (GWAS). GBS uses restriction enzymes to reduce genome complexity and genotype multiple DNA samples....	{ "page_id": 50591385, "title": "Genotyping by sequencing" }
the GBS approach was tested and validated in recombinant inbred lines (RILs) from a high-resolution maize mapping population (IBM) and doubled haploid (DH) barley lines from the Oregon Wolfe Barley (OWB) mapping population. Up to 96 RE (ApeKI)-digested DNA samples were pooled and processed simultaneously during the GBS...	{ "page_id": 50591385, "title": "Genotyping by sequencing" }

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