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399
Biology_tweet_174
Biology
1
Further adjustment by sodium intake, estrogen use, menopause, or waist circumference also did not change the positive relation between instant noodle intake $2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome in women.
Finding: 'Further controlling for sodium intake, estrogen use, menopause, or waist circumference also did not alter the positive association between instant noodle intake $2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome in women.'
'Further controlling for sodium intake, estrogen use, menopause, or waist circumference also did not alter the positive association between instant noodle intake $2 times/wk and metabolic syndrome in women.'
GPT-5.1
201
Biology_tweet_252
Biology
1
Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells had defective NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were regulated by ANXA6 ( Supplementary Fig.
Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells showed impaired NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were controlled by ANXA6 (Supplementary Fig.).
Accordingly, Anxa6 KO bEnd.3 cells showed impaired NF-kB activation and Ccl2 transcription in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF) compared with Anxa6 WT cells; notably, neither Csf1 nor Cxcl12 were controlled by ANXA6 (Supplementary Fig.).
GPT-5.1
202
Biology_easy_509
Biology
1
This is illustrated by the relatively lower coronoid process in the mandible, which would cause stretching and lower contractile forces in the temporalis muscle at extreme gapes .
This is illustrated by the comparatively lower coronoid process in the mandible, which would result in stretching and reduced contractile forces in the temporalis muscle at extreme gapes.
This is illustrated by the comparatively lower coronoid process in the mandible, which would result in stretching and reduced contractile forces in the temporalis muscle at extreme gapes.
GPT-5.1
203
Computer_Science_easy_315
Computer_Science
1
We saw consistent differences in learnability.
Finding: 'We observed consistent differences in learnability.'
'We observed consistent differences in learnability.'
GPT-5.1
204
Biology_598
Biology
1
E-Cadherin expressing NCI-H522 cells exhibited an epithelial growth pattern in vitro, unlike the parental cells, which showed less cell-cell contact (Fig.
Finding: 'E-Cadherin expressing NCI-H522 cells displayed an epithelial growth pattern in vitro, unlike the parental cells, which exhibited reduced cell-cell contact (Fig.'
'E-Cadherin expressing NCI-H522 cells displayed an epithelial growth pattern in vitro, unlike the parental cells, which exhibited reduced cell-cell contact (Fig.'
GPT-5.1
205
Computer_Science_easy_495
Computer_Science
1
Furthermore, in addition to load bearing and crash resilience, the compliant origami also stored elastic energy that can be leveraged for self-deployment of the drone from a folded configuration.
Furthermore, beyond load bearing and crash resilience, the compliant origami also stored elastic energy that can be used for self-deployment of the drone from a folded configuration.
Furthermore, beyond load bearing and crash resilience, the compliant origami also stored elastic energy that can be used for self-deployment of the drone from a folded configuration.
GPT-5.1
206
Medicine_553
Medicine
1
There were few significant differences between the two control groups, suggesting that the gains associated with adaptive training are unlikely to be due to expectancy effects.
There were few significant differences between the two control groups, indicating that the gains associated with adaptive training are unlikely to result from expectancy effects.
There were few significant differences between the two control groups, indicating that the gains associated with adaptive training are unlikely to result from expectancy effects.
GPT-5.1
207
Computer_Science_391
Computer_Science
1
We also identify the differential impact of baggage fees on 'low-cost' versus 'legacy' carriers: the departure performance of the low-cost airlines became worse while it improved for the legacy carriers when charging for one checked bag.
We also determine the differing impact of baggage fees on “low-cost” versus “legacy” carriers: the departure performance of low-cost airlines worsened, while it improved for legacy carriers when charging for one checked bag.
We also determine the differing impact of baggage fees on “low-cost” versus “legacy” carriers: the departure performance of low-cost airlines worsened, while it improved for legacy carriers when charging for one checked bag.
GPT-5.1
208
Psychology_easy_540
Psychology
1
Nevertheless, we did observe a significant negative trend.
Nevertheless, we did detect a significant negative trend.
Nevertheless, we did detect a significant negative trend.
GPT-5.1
209
Psychology_easy_236
Psychology
1
We offer empirical evidence that demonstrates that scientists who have less positive attitudes toward the social sciences are more likely to adhere to the knowledge deficit model of science communication.
We provide empirical evidence showing that scientists who hold less positive attitudes toward the social sciences are more inclined to adhere to the knowledge deficit model of science communication.
We provide empirical evidence showing that scientists who hold less positive attitudes toward the social sciences are more inclined to adhere to the knowledge deficit model of science communication.
GPT-5.1
210
Biology_298
Biology
1
Colony sizes among seasons broadly overlapped despite directionally opposite patterns of infection prevalence, suggesting that larger winter colony sizes are not the primary driver of differences in transmission among seasons.
Finding: 'Colony sizes across seasons broadly overlapped despite directionally opposite patterns of infection prevalence, indicating that larger winter colony sizes are not the primary driver of differences in transmission among seasons.'
'Colony sizes across seasons broadly overlapped despite directionally opposite patterns of infection prevalence, indicating that larger winter colony sizes are not the primary driver of differences in transmission among seasons.'
GPT-5.1
211
Computer_Science_easy_319
Computer_Science
1
In general, we find that more work can be extracted in a cyclic process, and in Section F 5 of the Supplementary Information, we derive the optimal amount of extractable work in such a case, providing an operational interpretation for the difference of Rényi entropies, and an interpretation for when this quantity is ne...
Overall, we show that more work can be extracted in a cyclic process, and in Section F 5 of the Supplementary Information, we obtain the optimal amount of extractable work in this scenario, providing an operational interpretation for the difference of Rényi entropies, and an interpretation for cases where this quantity...
Overall, we show that more work can be extracted in a cyclic process, and in Section F 5 of the Supplementary Information, we obtain the optimal amount of extractable work in this scenario, providing an operational interpretation for the difference of Rényi entropies, and an interpretation for cases where this quantity...
GPT-5.1
212
Computer_Science_easy_261
Computer_Science
1
then for all N sufficiently large there exists a catalysts with spectrum r = r N of dimension N such that
Finding: "then for all sufficiently large N there is a catalyst with spectrum r = r_N of dimension N such that"
"then for all sufficiently large N there is a catalyst with spectrum r = r_N of dimension N such that"
GPT-5.1
213
Computer_Science_easy_383
Computer_Science
1
However in other cases, we find that one can distill more work than would be obtainable without considering an ancillary system which is used as a catalyst.
However, in other situations, we find that one can extract more work than would be obtainable without taking into account an ancillary system that is used as a catalyst.
However, in other situations, we find that one can extract more work than would be obtainable without taking into account an ancillary system that is used as a catalyst.
GPT-5.1
214
Psychology_easy_535
Psychology
1
This sample consisted of 62 men and 38 women with a mean age of 21.4 years (SD = 2.28, range = 17-26 years) and a median DUP of 4 weeks (SD = 44.4, range = 1-266 weeks).
This sample included 62 men and 38 women, with a mean age of 21.4 years (SD = 2.28, range = 17–26 years) and a median DUP of 4 weeks (SD = 44.4, range = 1–266 weeks).
This sample included 62 men and 38 women, with a mean age of 21.4 years (SD = 2.28, range = 17–26 years) and a median DUP of 4 weeks (SD = 44.4, range = 1–266 weeks).
GPT-5.1
215
Psychology_485
Psychology
1
This study demonstrates that vacationers are happier, compared to non-vacationers, but a holiday trip does not add much to their happiness.
This study shows that vacationers are happier than non-vacationers, but a holiday trip does not significantly increase their happiness.
This study shows that vacationers are happier than non-vacationers, but a holiday trip does not significantly increase their happiness.
GPT-5.1
216
Medicine_easy_498
Medicine
1
Analysis of the number of neuronal progenitor cells gives an indirect indication of the possible extent of neurogenesis.
Finding: 'Assessing the number of neuronal progenitor cells provides an indirect measure of the potential extent of neurogenesis.'
'Assessing the number of neuronal progenitor cells provides an indirect measure of the potential extent of neurogenesis.'
GPT-5.1
217
Biology_96
Biology
1
For example, central glycemia may serve as a reference for integrative elements of the brain against which peripheral glycemic input is measured to establish appropriate CRRs.
For example, central glycemia can serve as a reference for integrative elements of the brain against which peripheral glycemic input is measured to establish appropriate CRRs.
For example, central glycemia can serve as a reference for integrative elements of the brain against which peripheral glycemic input is measured to establish appropriate CRRs.
GPT-5.1
218
Psychology_easy_258
Psychology
1
Longitudinal results, however, supported the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior predicted long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior.
Finding: 'Longitudinal findings, however, confirmed the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior forecast long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior.'
'Longitudinal findings, however, confirmed the study's central hypothesis: Early adolescent pseudomature behavior forecast long-term difficulties in close relationships, as well as significant problems with alcohol and substance use, and elevated levels of criminal behavior.'
GPT-5.1
219
Computer_Science_easy_328
Computer_Science
1
HGWs consistently provided improvements when compared to HGSs, but the use of a phonemic LM and Viterbi decoding typically provided improvements only for the PER and confusion accuracy metrics and not for the posteriogram accuracy metric.
Finding: 'HGWs consistently yielded improvements compared to HGSs, but the use of a phonemic LM and Viterbi decoding generally yielded improvements only for the PER and confusion accuracy metrics and not for the posteriogram accuracy metric.'
'HGWs consistently yielded improvements compared to HGSs, but the use of a phonemic LM and Viterbi decoding generally yielded improvements only for the PER and confusion accuracy metrics and not for the posteriogram accuracy metric.'
GPT-5.1
220
Biology_377
Biology
1
These human studies confirmed animal data suggesting that alterations in gut microbial composition are associated with obesity.
Finding: 'These human studies validated animal data indicating that alterations in gut microbial composition are associated with obesity.'
'These human studies validated animal data indicating that alterations in gut microbial composition are associated with obesity.'
GPT-5.1
221
Computer_Science_easy_218
Computer_Science
1
In general, stakeholders indicated that privacy considerations did not present significant barriers to the proposed decision aid framework, partly due to an understood distinction between tumor genomics versus an individual patient's germline genetic information.
Finding: 'Overall, stakeholders reported that privacy considerations did not pose major obstacles to the proposed decision aid framework, partly because of a recognized distinction between tumor genomics and an individual patient's germline genetic information.'
'Overall, stakeholders reported that privacy considerations did not pose major obstacles to the proposed decision aid framework, partly because of a recognized distinction between tumor genomics and an individual patient's germline genetic information.'
GPT-5.1
222
Medicine_easy_531
Medicine
1
the period(s) of hypothalamic neurocircuit development most strongly perturbed by maternal HFD feeding to impair energy and glucose homeostasis in the offspring.
Finding: 'the developmental period(s) of hypothalamic neurocircuit formation most strongly disrupted by maternal HFD feeding, impairing energy and glucose homeostasis in the offspring.'
'the developmental period(s) of hypothalamic neurocircuit formation most strongly disrupted by maternal HFD feeding, impairing energy and glucose homeostasis in the offspring.'
GPT-5.1
223
Biology_tweet_132
Biology
1
These Ago2-mediated molecular events may solve the paradox of protein biosynthesis in the obese liver, demonstrate a new mechanism in the regulation of basal metabolic activity, and provide a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.
Finding: 'These Ago2-mediated molecular events could resolve the paradox of protein biosynthesis in the obese liver, reveal a new mechanism in the regulation of basal metabolic activity, and offer a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.'
'These Ago2-mediated molecular events could resolve the paradox of protein biosynthesis in the obese liver, reveal a new mechanism in the regulation of basal metabolic activity, and offer a novel therapeutic target for metabolic diseases.'
GPT-5.1
224
Biology_easy_335
Biology
1
In addition to the singleton outlier RTKs ( Figure S6C ), we found two cases of BRAF fusions (KIAA1549-BRAF and HIPK2-BRAF) generated as a result of a CDK12-FTD ( Figures S6D and S6E ).
Finding: 'Besides the singleton outlier RTKs (Figure S6C), we identified two instances of BRAF fusions (KIAA1549-BRAF and HIPK2-BRAF) generated as a result of a CDK12-FTD (Figures S6D and S6E).'
'Besides the singleton outlier RTKs (Figure S6C), we identified two instances of BRAF fusions (KIAA1549-BRAF and HIPK2-BRAF) generated as a result of a CDK12-FTD (Figures S6D and S6E).'
GPT-5.1
225
Medicine_310
Medicine
1
Significantly, the clock genes Per1 and Per2 also contain conserved CREs, which mediate their light induction .
Importantly, the clock genes Per1 and Per2 also have conserved CREs, which mediate their induction by light.
Importantly, the clock genes Per1 and Per2 also have conserved CREs, which mediate their induction by light.
GPT-5.1
226
Medicine_easy_163
Medicine
1
The weak-coupling region of the spectra reveals at least one more 1 H coupling from the aromatic side chain; however, we could not confidently determine its hyperfine constant, owing to interference from weakly coupled, nonexchangeable 1 H atoms of the protein matrix.
The weak-coupling region of the spectra shows at least one additional 1H coupling from the aromatic side chain; however, we were unable to reliably determine its hyperfine constant because of interference from weakly coupled, nonexchangeable 1H atoms of the protein matrix.
The weak-coupling region of the spectra shows at least one additional 1H coupling from the aromatic side chain; however, we were unable to reliably determine its hyperfine constant because of interference from weakly coupled, nonexchangeable 1H atoms of the protein matrix.
GPT-5.1
227
Biology_easy_297
Biology
1
A transcriptomics study of valvular cells experiencing variable stiffness also identified similar results where some ECM proteins, including fibrillin 1, are upregulated and some are downregulated with VIC activation.
Finding: 'A transcriptomics study of valvular cells exposed to varying stiffness likewise reported comparable findings, where some ECM proteins, including fibrillin 1, are upregulated and others are downregulated during VIC activation.'
'A transcriptomics study of valvular cells exposed to varying stiffness likewise reported comparable findings, where some ECM proteins, including fibrillin 1, are upregulated and others are downregulated during VIC activation.'
GPT-5.1
228
Medicine_easy_298
Medicine
1
An additional 13 trials were identified, with data received for a total of 20,827 patients from 39 trials.
Finding: 'A further 13 trials were found, with data obtained for a total of 20,827 patients from 39 trials.'
'A further 13 trials were found, with data obtained for a total of 20,827 patients from 39 trials.'
GPT-5.1
229
Medicine_tweet_205
Medicine
1
This review does not address potential health effects of differences in contaminant content (such as herbicide, pesticide, and fungicide residues) of organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs or of potential wider environmental or occupational health effects of different agricultural practices.
This review does not cover possible health effects of variations in contaminant content (such as herbicide, pesticide, and fungicide residues) between organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs, nor does it cover possible broader environmental or occupational health effects of different agricultural practices.
This review does not cover possible health effects of variations in contaminant content (such as herbicide, pesticide, and fungicide residues) between organically and conventionally produced foodstuffs, nor does it cover possible broader environmental or occupational health effects of different agricultural practices.
GPT-5.1
230
Medicine_easy_105
Medicine
1
In principle, analysis of ctDNA has the advantage of identifying alterations that are specific to the tumor.
Finding: 'In principle, analyzing ctDNA offers the advantage of detecting alterations that are specific to the tumor.'
'In principle, analyzing ctDNA offers the advantage of detecting alterations that are specific to the tumor.'
GPT-5.1
231
Biology_271
Biology
1
Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) across the MSigDB revealed significantly perturbed curated gene sets ( Figure S4H ).
Finding: 'Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using the MSigDB identified significantly altered curated gene sets (Figure S4H).'
'Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) using the MSigDB identified significantly altered curated gene sets (Figure S4H).'
GPT-5.1
232
Medicine_easy_188
Medicine
1
16 Once complications occur and urgent hospitalization and/or cholecystectomy is necessary, the morbidity and mortality are significantly increased.
16 Once complications arise and urgent hospitalization and/or cholecystectomy becomes necessary, morbidity and mortality increase significantly.
16 Once complications arise and urgent hospitalization and/or cholecystectomy becomes necessary, morbidity and mortality increase significantly.
GPT-5.1
233
Biology_easy_588
Biology
1
) both identified a significant association to the same region on CFA12.
Finding: ') both detected a significant association with the same region on CFA12.'
') both detected a significant association with the same region on CFA12.'
GPT-5.1
234
Psychology_32
Psychology
1
However, JROTC training likely leads to a separate set of benefits outside the auditory domain.
Finding: 'However, JROTC training probably results in a distinct set of benefits beyond the auditory domain.'
'However, JROTC training probably results in a distinct set of benefits beyond the auditory domain.'
GPT-5.1
235
Biology_easy_250
Biology
1
We confirmed increased protein in DM BMEC-CM by Western blot (Fig.
We verified elevated protein levels in DM BMEC-CM by Western blot (Fig.
We verified elevated protein levels in DM BMEC-CM by Western blot (Fig.
GPT-5.1
236
Computer_Science_easy_65
Computer_Science
1
Fitts' Law predicts that movement speed depends on movement amplitude and target size 39 , and these were always the same in our experiments.
Finding: 'According to Fitts' Law, movement speed is determined by movement amplitude and target size 39, and these were constant throughout our experiments.'
'According to Fitts' Law, movement speed is determined by movement amplitude and target size 39, and these were constant throughout our experiments.'
GPT-5.1
237
Psychology_easy_116
Psychology
1
This would appear to indicate a lower limit of 1 Hz below which entrainment is not likely without training.
This would seem to indicate a lower limit of 1 Hz below which entrainment is unlikely without training.
This would seem to indicate a lower limit of 1 Hz below which entrainment is unlikely without training.
GPT-5.1
238
Medicine_easy_87
Medicine
1
This condition provided no feedback about the movement of Barbie's body.
In this condition, no feedback was provided about the movement of Barbie's body.
In this condition, no feedback was provided about the movement of Barbie's body.
GPT-5.1
239
Biology_526
Biology
1
On 15 of these occasions this behavior occurred in the general latrine area and on six occasions in an identified latrine tree.
In 15 of these instances, this behavior took place in the general latrine area, and in six instances, it occurred in a specific latrine tree.
In 15 of these instances, this behavior took place in the general latrine area, and in six instances, it occurred in a specific latrine tree.
GPT-5.1
240
Psychology_easy_106
Psychology
1
The results of this second group of studies indicate that goals without KR are not sufficient to improve performance (2 = 4), but given goals, KR is sufficient to effect performance improvement (1 > 2).
The results of this second group of studies show that goals without KR are not sufficient to improve performance (2 = 4), but given goals, KR is sufficient to bring about performance improvement (1 > 2).
The results of this second group of studies show that goals without KR are not sufficient to improve performance (2 = 4), but given goals, KR is sufficient to bring about performance improvement (1 > 2).
GPT-5.1
241
Computer_Science_148
Computer_Science
1
When the other airlines began charging for the first two checked bags, however, Southwest's decision appears to be in line with their strategy.
Finding: 'When the other airlines began charging for the first two checked bags, however, Southwest's decision seems consistent with their strategy.'
'When the other airlines began charging for the first two checked bags, however, Southwest's decision seems consistent with their strategy.'
GPT-5.1
242
Medicine_tweet_84
Medicine
1
Vascular risk maintained a strong association with cognitive decline beyond that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities.
Finding: 'Vascular risk showed a strong association with cognitive decline that exceeded that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities.'
'Vascular risk showed a strong association with cognitive decline that exceeded that of commonly used imaging biomarkers, including β-amyloid, hippocampal volume, fludeoxyglucose F18-labeled positron emission tomography, and white matter hyperintensities.'
GPT-5.1
243
Psychology_easy_121
Psychology
1
Given that parents provide a salient model for how adolescents and young adults behave in intimate relationships, corporal punishment may set the groundwork that physical force is an acceptable means of resolving Highest parental education was created based on either one of participant parents' highest education.
Given that parents provide a salient model for how adolescents and young adults behave in intimate relationships, corporal punishment can lay the groundwork that physical force is an acceptable means of resolving conflict. Highest parental education was created based on either one of the participant’s parents’ highest ...
Given that parents provide a salient model for how adolescents and young adults behave in intimate relationships, corporal punishment can lay the groundwork that physical force is an acceptable means of resolving conflict. Highest parental education was created based on either one of the participant’s parents’ highest ...
GPT-5.1
244
Biology_278
Biology
1
A1431 had very extensive breadth and potency not only towards all historical strains available but also towards prospective GII.4 strains that appeared after the vaccine trial, including GII.4 2012 and 2015, neither of which had circulated in the general population at the time of sample collection ( Figure 2B ).
A1431 showed very extensive breadth and potency not only against all historical strains available but also against prospective GII.4 strains that emerged after the vaccine trial, including GII.4 2012 and 2015, neither of which had circulated in the general population at the time of sample collection (Figure 2B).
A1431 showed very extensive breadth and potency not only against all historical strains available but also against prospective GII.4 strains that emerged after the vaccine trial, including GII.4 2012 and 2015, neither of which had circulated in the general population at the time of sample collection (Figure 2B).
GPT-5.1
245
Biology_easy_596
Biology
1
The ultrahigh C/A of the Si/MXene electrodes can be attributed to the advanced electrode architecture; (1) the viscous nature of the MXene aqueous ink enables the formation of thick composite electrodes (thus high M Acitve /A) using a simple/scalable manufacturing process; (2) the high aspect ratio and metallic conduct...
Finding: 'The ultrahigh C/A of the Si/MXene electrodes results from the advanced electrode architecture; (1) the viscous nature of the MXene aqueous ink allows the formation of thick composite electrodes (thus high M Active /A) using a simple/scalable manufacturing process; (2) the high aspect ratio and metallic conduc...
'The ultrahigh C/A of the Si/MXene electrodes results from the advanced electrode architecture; (1) the viscous nature of the MXene aqueous ink allows the formation of thick composite electrodes (thus high M Active /A) using a simple/scalable manufacturing process; (2) the high aspect ratio and metallic conductivity of...
GPT-5.1
246
Computer_Science_easy_605
Computer_Science
1
It can be observed that in fact PDF curves depart from what is expected but we can not claim that this is the explanation (or the only one) but may give a clue to understand from where this turbulent effect comes from.
It can be seen that in fact PDF curves deviate from what is expected, but we cannot assert that this is the explanation (or the only one), though it might provide a clue to understand where this turbulent effect comes from.
It can be seen that in fact PDF curves deviate from what is expected, but we cannot assert that this is the explanation (or the only one), though it might provide a clue to understand where this turbulent effect comes from.
GPT-5.1
247
Medicine_281
Medicine
1
Of these pathways, the 12 members that were under the strongest negative selection (d N /d S < 0.5) were specifically enriched in glucose transport and metabolism ("facilitative Na + -independent glucose transporters" and "glucose metabolism;" both Q < 0.05).
Among these pathways, the 12 members experiencing the strongest negative selection (d N /d S < 0.5) were specifically enriched for glucose transport and metabolism (“facilitative Na + -independent glucose transporters” and “glucose metabolism;” both Q < 0.05).
Among these pathways, the 12 members experiencing the strongest negative selection (d N /d S < 0.5) were specifically enriched for glucose transport and metabolism (“facilitative Na + -independent glucose transporters” and “glucose metabolism;” both Q < 0.05).
GPT-5.1
248
Psychology_easy_587
Psychology
1
Results from these simulations indicated that only activation clusters thresholded at α≤0.001 with a volume greater than 496 μl would have global significance at p≤0.05 for the cortical data smoothed with an 8 mm filter.
Results from these simulations showed that only activation clusters thresholded at α≤0.001 with a volume greater than 496 μl would reach global significance at p≤0.05 for the cortical data smoothed with an 8 mm filter.
Results from these simulations showed that only activation clusters thresholded at α≤0.001 with a volume greater than 496 μl would reach global significance at p≤0.05 for the cortical data smoothed with an 8 mm filter.
GPT-5.1
249
Computer_Science_easy_595
Computer_Science
1
When a set of curves are parameterized special cases of a more general function, the generic function can be identified and estimated by "rescaling" the individual curves so that they collapse onto each other .
Finding: 'When a collection of curves are parameterized as special cases of a more general function, the generic function can be determined and estimated by "rescaling" the individual curves so that they coincide with each other.'
'When a collection of curves are parameterized as special cases of a more general function, the generic function can be determined and estimated by "rescaling" the individual curves so that they coincide with each other.'
GPT-5.1
250
Medicine_60
Medicine
1
By integrating multi-step genomics analyses with novel mouse models, we found that IMs are critical drivers of LUSC metastasis.
By integrating multi-step genomics analyses with novel mouse models, we discovered that IMs are critical drivers of LUSC metastasis.
By integrating multi-step genomics analyses with novel mouse models, we discovered that IMs are critical drivers of LUSC metastasis.
GPT-5.1
251
Psychology_478
Psychology
1
8 Specifically, it suggests that from 1920 to the mid-1990s, there was little discussion of the notion of 'antisocial behaviour'.
Finding: '8 Specifically, it indicates that from 1920 to the mid-1990s, there was little discussion of the notion of 'antisocial behaviour'.'
'8 Specifically, it indicates that from 1920 to the mid-1990s, there was little discussion of the notion of 'antisocial behaviour'.'
GPT-5.1
252
Psychology_519
Psychology
1
Other limitations include the use of reliance of information obtained from maternal interview using the CAMEEI and the relatively high SES background of participants in this study that may contrast with the SES of participants in other studies who may have experienced more severe forms of abuse and adversity.
Other limitations include relying on information obtained from maternal interviews using the CAMEEI and the relatively high SES background of participants in this study, which may differ from the SES of participants in other studies who might have experienced more severe forms of abuse and adversity.
Other limitations include relying on information obtained from maternal interviews using the CAMEEI and the relatively high SES background of participants in this study, which may differ from the SES of participants in other studies who might have experienced more severe forms of abuse and adversity.
GPT-5.1
253
Medicine_157
Medicine
1
Thus, microbiota at the time of infection may influence subsequent rhinovirus viral load.
Thus, microbiota present at the time of infection might affect subsequent rhinovirus viral load.
Thus, microbiota present at the time of infection might affect subsequent rhinovirus viral load.
GPT-5.1
254
Biology_easy_370
Biology
1
Conversely, non-secretor milk had lower relative amounts of non-fucosylated neutral structures than secretor milk, with 21.3% ± 8.8% and 25.4% ± 7.3%, respectively (p = 0.023).
Conversely, non-secretor milk contained lower relative levels of non-fucosylated neutral structures than secretor milk, at 21.3% ± 8.8% and 25.4% ± 7.3%, respectively (p = 0.023).
Conversely, non-secretor milk contained lower relative levels of non-fucosylated neutral structures than secretor milk, at 21.3% ± 8.8% and 25.4% ± 7.3%, respectively (p = 0.023).
GPT-5.1
255
Computer_Science_easy_154
Computer_Science
1
Further, beta band phenomena are strongly affected by normal voluntary movement , which may complicate their use as signatures of motor impairment.
Further, beta band phenomena are strongly affected by normal voluntary movement, which can complicate their use as signatures of motor impairment.
Further, beta band phenomena are strongly affected by normal voluntary movement, which can complicate their use as signatures of motor impairment.
GPT-5.1
256
Computer_Science_easy_587
Computer_Science
1
In general, no particular technique can be regarded as a "bestin-class" solution, but it is useful to be aware of and consider all available options.
Overall, no single technique can be considered a “best-in-class” solution, but it is helpful to be aware of and take into account all available options.
Overall, no single technique can be considered a “best-in-class” solution, but it is helpful to be aware of and take into account all available options.
GPT-5.1
257
Computer_Science_easy_134
Computer_Science
1
We considered five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.
We examined five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.
We examined five alternative explanations for the difference in learnability.
GPT-5.1
258
Psychology_easy_341
Psychology
1
Our findings suggest that inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur at disconcertingly high levels among women and men.
Our findings indicate that inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur at disconcertingly high levels among women and men.
Our findings indicate that inappropriate compensatory behaviors occur at disconcertingly high levels among women and men.
GPT-5.1
259
Psychology_291
Psychology
1
The results, which are similar in Britain and Germany, suggest that having up to two children increases happiness, and mostly for those who have postponed childbearing.
The results, similar in Britain and Germany, indicate that having up to two children increases happiness, primarily for those who have postponed childbearing.
The results, similar in Britain and Germany, indicate that having up to two children increases happiness, primarily for those who have postponed childbearing.
GPT-5.1
260
Biology_easy_520
Biology
1
S5D , orange and blue curves); however, when the pushing speed was increased, the resistance could not recover its initial value because of the formation of residual deformation ( fig.
Finding: 'S5D, orange and blue curves); however, when the pushing speed was increased, the resistance failed to return to its initial value due to the formation of residual deformation (fig.'
'S5D, orange and blue curves); however, when the pushing speed was increased, the resistance failed to return to its initial value due to the formation of residual deformation (fig.'
GPT-5.1
261
Medicine_tweet_297
Medicine
1
Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, belief-related, and clinician differences contributed to observed differences and represent potential targets for intervention.
Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, belief-related, and clinician factors contributed to the observed differences and constitute potential targets for intervention.
Demographic, clinical, socioeconomic, belief-related, and clinician factors contributed to the observed differences and constitute potential targets for intervention.
GPT-5.1
262
Psychology_422
Psychology
1
Third, our findings were correlational, so they do not provide evidence for the direction of effects among the constructs under investigation.
Third, our findings were correlational, so they do not offer evidence regarding the direction of effects among the constructs under investigation.
Third, our findings were correlational, so they do not offer evidence regarding the direction of effects among the constructs under investigation.
GPT-5.1
263
Biology_215
Biology
1
Indeed, statistical significance does not necessitate a subjective state that humans can distinguish on a personal level .
Indeed, statistical significance does not require a subjective state that humans can discern on a personal level.
Indeed, statistical significance does not require a subjective state that humans can discern on a personal level.
GPT-5.1
264
Computer_Science_199
Computer_Science
1
In Switzerland, for example, we find that the ability to speak French (i.e., among French-speaking African refugees) results in a larger payoff for refugees assigned to Frenchspeaking cantons than for those assigned to German-speaking cantons ( fig.
In Switzerland, for instance, we observe that the ability to speak French (i.e., among French-speaking African refugees) leads to a larger payoff for refugees placed in French-speaking cantons than for those placed in German-speaking cantons (fig.).
In Switzerland, for instance, we observe that the ability to speak French (i.e., among French-speaking African refugees) leads to a larger payoff for refugees placed in French-speaking cantons than for those placed in German-speaking cantons (fig.).
GPT-5.1
265
Biology_tweet_275
Biology
1
The other aperture (referred to as the decline-the-test response) led to the omission of the duration test.
The other aperture (called the decline-the-test response) resulted in the omission of the duration test.
The other aperture (called the decline-the-test response) resulted in the omission of the duration test.
GPT-5.1
266
Computer_Science_355
Computer_Science
1
This would allow the better investigation of genetic basis of WUE, which may be controlled by different genetic factors at different stages of plant development, and upscale WUE of individual plants in the greenhouse to plant communities in the field.
Finding: 'This would allow improved investigation of the genetic basis of WUE, which might be controlled by different genetic factors at different stages of plant development, and the upscaling of WUE from individual plants in the greenhouse to plant communities in the field.'
'This would allow improved investigation of the genetic basis of WUE, which might be controlled by different genetic factors at different stages of plant development, and the upscaling of WUE from individual plants in the greenhouse to plant communities in the field.'
GPT-5.1
267
Biology_210
Biology
1
Although basal SMN levels are below normal, due to the mouse genotype, SMN is further reduced in a tissue-specific manner, by ASO treatment, which is distinct from the situation in SMA patients.
Finding: 'Although basal SMN levels are below normal because of the mouse genotype, ASO treatment further reduces SMN in a tissue-specific manner, which differs from the situation in SMA patients.'
'Although basal SMN levels are below normal because of the mouse genotype, ASO treatment further reduces SMN in a tissue-specific manner, which differs from the situation in SMA patients.'
GPT-5.1
268
Computer_Science_tweet_281
Computer_Science
1
In the long run the system always reaches an equilibrium state where all spreaders have turned into stiflers, ∂ t i(t) = 0, and ∂ t r(t) = 0.
Finding: 'Ultimately, the system invariably attains an equilibrium state in which all spreaders have become stiflers, ∂ t i(t) = 0, and ∂ t r(t) = 0.'
'Ultimately, the system invariably attains an equilibrium state in which all spreaders have become stiflers, ∂ t i(t) = 0, and ∂ t r(t) = 0.'
GPT-5.1
269
Medicine_easy_257
Medicine
1
The small number of participants meant that observed power was very low in many of the analyses.
Finding: 'Because there were few participants, the observed power was very low in many of the analyses.'
'Because there were few participants, the observed power was very low in many of the analyses.'
GPT-5.1
270
Psychology_easy_305
Psychology
1
The extent to which these findings can be used on a translational platform to understand the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric conditions in humans has yet to be determined, but the convergence of the preclinical and clinical findings detailed here strongly suggests that this should be a field of focused re...
Finding: 'The extent to which these findings can be used on a translational platform to understand the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric conditions in humans has yet to be determined, but the convergence of the preclinical and clinical findings detailed here provides strong evidence that this should be a fi...
'The extent to which these findings can be used on a translational platform to understand the pathophysiology of stress-related psychiatric conditions in humans has yet to be determined, but the convergence of the preclinical and clinical findings detailed here provides strong evidence that this should be a field of fo...
GPT-5.1
271
Psychology_511
Psychology
1
suggests that it is critically important that children learn to recite the list of number words in order before making the CP-transition.
Finding: 'indicates that it is critically important that children learn to recite the list of number words in order before making the CP-transition.'
'indicates that it is critically important that children learn to recite the list of number words in order before making the CP-transition.'
GPT-5.1
272
Computer_Science_402
Computer_Science
1
Moreover, the bias blind spot does not appear to be a facet of general decision-making ability or an accurate perception of the extent to which one is biased.
Moreover, the bias blind spot does not seem to be an aspect of general decision-making ability or an accurate sense of how biased one is.
Moreover, the bias blind spot does not seem to be an aspect of general decision-making ability or an accurate sense of how biased one is.
GPT-5.1
273
Computer_Science_tweet_207
Computer_Science
1
Legumes cooked sous vide don't need to be pre-soaked, because they can absorb the same amount of water in 50 minutes at 90
Finding: 'Legumes cooked sous vide do not require pre-soaking, because they take in the same amount of water in 50 minutes at 90'
'Legumes cooked sous vide do not require pre-soaking, because they take in the same amount of water in 50 minutes at 90'
GPT-5.1
274
Psychology_535
Psychology
1
these results suggest that greater belonging and self-efficacy may serve as underlying psychological processes that explain why female peer mentors, who are slightly more advanced in college, would promote engineering career aspirations among women who are new to engineering.
Finding: 'these results indicate that greater belonging and self-efficacy might function as underlying psychological processes that account for why female peer mentors, who are slightly more advanced in college, would foster engineering career aspirations among women who are new to engineering.'
'these results indicate that greater belonging and self-efficacy might function as underlying psychological processes that account for why female peer mentors, who are slightly more advanced in college, would foster engineering career aspirations among women who are new to engineering.'
GPT-5.1
275
Biology_536
Biology
1
Secondary replicons in DL31, H. lacusprofundi and DL1 had consistently lower codon adaptation (CAI) and codon bias (CBI) indexes than the primary replicons.
Finding: 'In DL31, H. lacusprofundi and DL1, the secondary replicons consistently showed lower codon adaptation (CAI) and codon bias (CBI) indexes than the primary replicons.'
'In DL31, H. lacusprofundi and DL1, the secondary replicons consistently showed lower codon adaptation (CAI) and codon bias (CBI) indexes than the primary replicons.'
GPT-5.1
276
Biology_280
Biology
1
Cumulative distribution plots showed a significant right shift of X-linked gene expression (red) relative to autosomal profiles (black) in Smchd1 À/À cells ( Figure 1D ).
Finding: 'Cumulative distribution plots revealed a significant rightward shift of X-linked gene expression (red) compared with autosomal profiles (black) in Smchd1 À/À cells ( Figure 1D ).'
'Cumulative distribution plots revealed a significant rightward shift of X-linked gene expression (red) compared with autosomal profiles (black) in Smchd1 À/À cells ( Figure 1D ).'
GPT-5.1
277
Computer_Science_tweet_93
Computer_Science
1
In the early stages of training (first 10000 transitions -green bars), the swimmer does not show a strong preference for maintaining any particular separation distance.
Finding: 'In the early stages of training (first 10000 transitions -green bars), the swimmer fails to exhibit a strong preference for maintaining any specific separation distance.'
'In the early stages of training (first 10000 transitions -green bars), the swimmer fails to exhibit a strong preference for maintaining any specific separation distance.'
GPT-5.1
278
Medicine_470
Medicine
1
The experiments revealed two important findings.
Finding: 'The experiments uncovered two important findings.'
'The experiments uncovered two important findings.'
GPT-5.1
279
Computer_Science_458
Computer_Science
1
Note that, although for large networks such high computational cost makes this solution often unfeasible, for criminal networks constituted (most often) by hundreds or at most thousands of nodes, this algorithm works well.
Note that, although for large networks such a high computational cost often renders this solution unfeasible, for criminal networks composed (most frequently) of hundreds or at most thousands of nodes, this algorithm performs well.
Note that, although for large networks such a high computational cost often renders this solution unfeasible, for criminal networks composed (most frequently) of hundreds or at most thousands of nodes, this algorithm performs well.
GPT-5.1
280
Medicine_114
Medicine
1
The majority of CDK12 mutations (83%) were truncating and resulted in the loss of the kinase domain.
Most CDK12 mutations (83%) were truncating and led to the loss of the kinase domain.
Most CDK12 mutations (83%) were truncating and led to the loss of the kinase domain.
GPT-5.1
281
Biology_349
Biology
1
The incidence of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and adenocarcinoma markedly increased from 13% in oil-fed controls to 33-36% in grafts exposed in vivo to BPA (P<0.05).
The incidence of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and adenocarcinoma rose sharply from 13% in oil-fed controls to 33–36% in grafts exposed in vivo to BPA (P<0.05).
The incidence of prostate intraepithelial neoplasia (HG-PIN) and adenocarcinoma rose sharply from 13% in oil-fed controls to 33–36% in grafts exposed in vivo to BPA (P<0.05).
GPT-5.1
282
Psychology_easy_86
Psychology
1
We thus have research-based and humanrights-based reasons for not spanking our children.
We therefore have reasons grounded in research and human rights for not spanking our children.
We therefore have reasons grounded in research and human rights for not spanking our children.
GPT-5.1
283
Psychology_easy_219
Psychology
1
Both types of preferences provide useful information for marketers , but revealed preferences are generally more reliable in predicting future behavior .
Both types of preferences offer useful information for marketers, but revealed preferences are typically more dependable in forecasting future behavior.
Both types of preferences offer useful information for marketers, but revealed preferences are typically more dependable in forecasting future behavior.
GPT-5.1
284
Medicine_easy_586
Medicine
1
The present study produced an alpha of .79. .
The present study yielded an alpha of .79.
The present study yielded an alpha of .79.
GPT-5.1
285
Medicine_easy_218
Medicine
1
When provided with a choice between a food or a token that could be exchanged for more preferred food, all four species inhibited their impulsive reactions and selected the token significantly more often than chance, thus maximising their payoff.
When given a choice between an immediate food reward and a token that was exchangeable for a more preferred food, all four species inhibited their impulsive reactions and chose the token significantly more often than chance, thereby maximising their payoff.
When given a choice between an immediate food reward and a token that was exchangeable for a more preferred food, all four species inhibited their impulsive reactions and chose the token significantly more often than chance, thereby maximising their payoff.
GPT-5.1
286
Medicine_328
Medicine
1
In the no aspirin group, the proportion of patients who started to take daily low-dose aspirin increased each year from 1.5% in year 1 to 9.8% in year 5.
In the no-aspirin group, the percentage of patients who began taking daily low-dose aspirin rose each year from 1.5% in year 1 to 9.8% in year 5.
In the no-aspirin group, the percentage of patients who began taking daily low-dose aspirin rose each year from 1.5% in year 1 to 9.8% in year 5.
GPT-5.1
287
Psychology_easy_270
Psychology
1
Friedman test revealed a significant difference between the edibility ratings (χ 2 [7, n = 43] = 168.80, P < 0.001).
Finding: 'A Friedman test showed a significant difference in the edibility ratings (χ²[7, n = 43] = 168.80, P < 0.001).'
'A Friedman test showed a significant difference in the edibility ratings (χ²[7, n = 43] = 168.80, P < 0.001).'
GPT-5.1
288
Biology_606
Biology
1
If crows exhibit a danger response, we expect higher rates of alarm calling and recruitment coupled with lower rates of contact in contrast to heterospecifics.
Finding: 'If crows show a danger response, we anticipate higher rates of alarm calling and recruitment along with lower rates of contact compared to heterospecifics.'
'If crows show a danger response, we anticipate higher rates of alarm calling and recruitment along with lower rates of contact compared to heterospecifics.'
GPT-5.1
289
Biology_22
Biology
1
In this study, our results showed that targeting of NaKtide specifically to adipocytes was still able to reverse WD-induced changes in metabolic profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
In this study, our results indicated that directing NaKtide specifically to adipocytes was still able to reverse WD-induced changes in metabolic profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
In this study, our results indicated that directing NaKtide specifically to adipocytes was still able to reverse WD-induced changes in metabolic profile, oxidative stress, and inflammation.
GPT-5.1
290
Psychology_558
Psychology
1
The connection between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, in particular, extends to adolescence prior findings by , in which younger children undergoing negative events experienced less of a decrease in self-worth when their best friend was present.
Finding: 'The link between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, specifically, extends to adolescence, consistent with prior findings by , where younger children experiencing negative events showed less of a drop in self-worth when their best friend was present.'
'The link between close friendship strength and relative increases in self-worth, specifically, extends to adolescence, consistent with prior findings by , where younger children experiencing negative events showed less of a drop in self-worth when their best friend was present.'
GPT-5.1
291
Computer_Science_easy_468
Computer_Science
1
It remains to show that the right-hand side of (14) is at most , which would follow if for every (u, v) ∈ E 2 ,
It still needs to be shown that the right-hand side of (14) is at most , which would hold if for every (u, v) ∈ E 2 ,
It still needs to be shown that the right-hand side of (14) is at most , which would hold if for every (u, v) ∈ E 2 ,
GPT-5.1
292
Medicine_easy_121
Medicine
1
These results confirmed the in vivo BLI signal data that the VDR KD tumors were substantially larger than control and VDR Rescue tumors.
These results validated the in vivo BLI signal data showing that the VDR KD tumors were substantially larger than the control and VDR Rescue tumors.
These results validated the in vivo BLI signal data showing that the VDR KD tumors were substantially larger than the control and VDR Rescue tumors.
GPT-5.1
293
Biology_429
Biology
1
Eight animals were injected with nonviable mycoplasma, and none developed lymphoma up to 28 wk of age (see also Materials and Methods).
Finding: 'Eight animals received injections of nonviable mycoplasma, and none developed lymphoma through 28 wk of age (see also Materials and Methods).'
'Eight animals received injections of nonviable mycoplasma, and none developed lymphoma through 28 wk of age (see also Materials and Methods).'
GPT-5.1
294
Biology_easy_108
Biology
1
Next, by screening the networks encompassing the highest number of genes regulated in the dataset ( Supplementary Table IV ), we found that LEP is modulated together with other 18 genes in a network of 29 genes, whose function is associated with cell death/apoptosis and cell-to-cell signalling/interaction ( Supplementa...
Next, by examining the networks containing the largest number of genes regulated in the dataset (Supplementary Table IV), we observed that LEP is modulated along with 18 other genes in a 29-gene network, whose function is linked to cell death/apoptosis and cell-to-cell signalling/interaction (Supplementary Table V).
Next, by examining the networks containing the largest number of genes regulated in the dataset (Supplementary Table IV), we observed that LEP is modulated along with 18 other genes in a 29-gene network, whose function is linked to cell death/apoptosis and cell-to-cell signalling/interaction (Supplementary Table V).
GPT-5.1
295
Medicine_easy_207
Medicine
1
Signatures of mixed geogenic/microbial origin should therefore lie on an end member mixing trajectory as depicted in Fig.
Signatures of combined geogenic and microbial origin should thus fall along an end-member mixing trajectory as shown in Fig.
Signatures of combined geogenic and microbial origin should thus fall along an end-member mixing trajectory as shown in Fig.
GPT-5.1
296
Computer_Science_26
Computer_Science
1
This suggests that having a character in the game made it more engaging and memorable for children.
This indicates that including a character in the game made it more engaging and memorable for children.
This indicates that including a character in the game made it more engaging and memorable for children.
GPT-5.1
297
Computer_Science_easy_514
Computer_Science
1
The fact that s ≃ 1 for most f indicates that the network is deflated by nodes breaking off one by one, the increasing error level leading to the isolation of single nodes only, not clusters of nodes.
The fact that s ≃ 1 for most f shows that the network is deflated by nodes breaking off one by one, with the rising error level causing only individual nodes to become isolated, rather than clusters of nodes.
The fact that s ≃ 1 for most f shows that the network is deflated by nodes breaking off one by one, with the rising error level causing only individual nodes to become isolated, rather than clusters of nodes.
GPT-5.1
298
Computer_Science_easy_34
Computer_Science
1
Despite the likely establishment of new Polynesian languages from relatively small colonizing populations, we do not find that a founder model describes our data better than one of gradual loss of words.
Finding: 'Despite the probable establishment of new Polynesian languages from relatively small colonizing populations, we do not find that a founder model accounts for our data better than one of gradual word loss.'
'Despite the probable establishment of new Polynesian languages from relatively small colonizing populations, we do not find that a founder model accounts for our data better than one of gradual word loss.'
GPT-5.1
299
Medicine_easy_599
Medicine
1
The genes predicted to encode structural proteins are located between genes g41 and g49.
The genes expected to encode structural proteins are situated between genes g41 and g49.
The genes expected to encode structural proteins are situated between genes g41 and g49.
GPT-5.1
300